CN110754349A - High-yield soilless culture method for fresh cut flowers of Chinese roses - Google Patents
High-yield soilless culture method for fresh cut flowers of Chinese roses Download PDFInfo
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- CN110754349A CN110754349A CN201911105635.7A CN201911105635A CN110754349A CN 110754349 A CN110754349 A CN 110754349A CN 201911105635 A CN201911105635 A CN 201911105635A CN 110754349 A CN110754349 A CN 110754349A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
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Abstract
The invention relates to a high-yield soilless culture method for fresh cut flowers of Chinese roses, belonging to the technical field of flower planting. The method comprises the four steps of Chinese rose seedling planting, fertilizer drip irrigation, water drip irrigation and fresh cut flower harvesting, wherein the common division stone and coconut chaff are used as substrates, a black and white film is used as a mulching film for planting, the fresh cut flowers are harvested 4 times every year, the height of a first-level branch is reserved for first harvesting and pruning for the first time is 8-10 cm, the height of a second-level branch is reserved for second harvesting and pruning for the second time is 5-7 cm, and the height of a third-level branch is reserved for third and fourth harvesting and pruning for the third time is 1.9-2.1 cm. The method is simple and reliable, the yield per mu of the fresh cut flowers is increased to 10-12 ten thousand branches, the proportion of high-quality products is increased to 25-30%, the economic benefit achievement is remarkable, the land utilization rate is increased by 20-30%, the fertilizer utilization rate reaches 65-70%, the world leading level is reached, and the method has good application prospects.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of flower planting, and particularly relates to a high-yield soilless culture method for fresh cut flowers of Chinese roses.
Background
Chinese rose (Rosahybrida) is a woody plant of the genus rosa of the family rosaceae and is the first cut flower variety in the world. The production of Chinese rose cut flowers gradually evolves from the initial open field cultivation to facility intensive high-efficiency production, and the high yield is the biggest and highest target pursued by producers of all countries in the world on the basis of ensuring the product quality.
The width of the moisture surface of the traditional field planting is 90-100cm, the width of the furrow is 60cm, the height of the moisture surface is 60cm, the fertilizer can not be recycled after the fertilizer is applied, the utilization rate of the soil and the fertilizer is not high, the quality and the yield are difficult to guarantee, the yield of fresh cut flowers per mu is between 5 and 6 ten thousand branches, and the proportion of high-quality products (A, B level) is between 20 and 40 percent. Therefore, how to overcome the defects of the prior art is a problem to be solved urgently in the technical field of flower planting at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the defects of the prior art and provides a high-yield soilless culture method for Chinese rose fresh cut flowers, which can improve the yield and the quality of the Chinese rose fresh cut flowers, the yield per mu of the fresh cut flowers is improved to 10-12 ten thousand branches, the proportion of high-quality products (A, B level) is improved to 10-12 ten thousand branches, the proportion of high-quality products is improved to 25-30%, the economic benefit achievement is remarkable, the land utilization rate is improved by 20-30%, and the fertilizer utilization rate reaches 65-70%.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a high-yield soilless culture method for fresh cut flowers of Chinese roses comprises the following steps:
step (1), planting Chinese rose seedlings: a substrate is placed on the bottom platform, a mulching film is laid on the substrate, a drip irrigation tape is arranged on the substrate, and the substrate is composed of a centimeter stone and coconut coir from bottom to top in sequence; the thickness of the centimeter stone is 8-10 cm, and the thickness of the coconut coir is 29-31 cm;
then, introducing water until coconut coir is completely expanded, planting Chinese rose seedlings on the substrate, wherein the row spacing is 29-31 cm, the distance between the Chinese rose seedlings and the edge of the substrate is 4.5-5.5 cm, and the plant spacing is 12-15 cm;
the mulching film is a black film and a white film, and the white surface faces outwards;
step (2), fertilizer drip irrigation: preparing mother liquor with an EC value of 1.6mS/cm, diluting the mother liquor by 100 times, carrying out drip irrigation on the roots of the Chinese roses until redundant fertilizer water flows out of the matrix, and then carrying out drip irrigation continuously for 14-16 min; when in drip irrigation, keeping the water pressure between 0.5MPa and 1 MPa;
the mother liquor comprises the following components in percentage by weight: each 10kg of mother liquor contains 700g of 650-plus calcium nitrate, 80-90g of potassium nitrate, 0.5-1g of cobalamin, 320g of 250-plus potassium sulfate, 50-55g of magnesium sulfate, 150g of 130-plus sodium dihydrogen phosphate, 40-45g of chelated iron with the iron content being more than or equal to 6.0 percent, 0.8-1.0g of boric acid, 0.45-0.5g of manganese sulfate, 1.2-1.3g of zinc sulfate, 0.4-0.5g of copper sulfate and 0.1-0.12g of ammonium molybdate;
drip irrigation for 3-4 times every day, and the EC value in the matrix is controlled to be 0.6-0.8 mS/cm;
step (3), water drop irrigation: drip irrigation water at the roots of the Chinese roses, wherein the water pressure is kept between 0.8MPa and 1.5MPa during drip irrigation, the drip irrigation is carried out for 30 minutes to 40 minutes every time, and the drip irrigation is carried out 3 times to 4 times every day;
the time of water drip irrigation is separated from the time of two adjacent fertilizer drip irrigation by more than 2 hours;
and (4) harvesting fresh cut flowers: harvesting 4 times every year, wherein the height of the first-level branches reserved for first-time harvesting and pruning is 8-10 cm, the height of the second-level branches reserved for second-time harvesting and pruning is 5-7 cm, and the height of the third-level branches reserved for third-time harvesting and fourth-time harvesting and pruning is 1.9-2.1 cm.
Further, preferably, the length of the base table is 34-36 m, the height of the base table is 15-50 cm, and the table top of the base table inclines towards one end along the length direction.
Further, it is preferable that the inclination angle is 0.8 ° to 1.2 °.
Further, it is preferable that a fertilizer water reflux groove is installed on both sides of the base.
Further, it is preferable that the substrate placing method is two kinds: firstly, a planting groove is arranged on a bottom platform, and a substrate is filled in the planting groove; secondly, the matrix strip is directly placed on the bottom platform.
Further, preferably, the length of the planting groove is 34-36 meters, the width is 39-41 cm, and the height is 37-41 cm;
when the substrate is composed of a plurality of substrate strips, the total length is 34-36 meters, the width is 39-41 cm, and the height is 37-41 cm.
Further, preferably, the bottom of the planting slot is provided with a drain hole, and the drain hole is positioned at the lowest end of the platform surface of the bottom platform;
a drip irrigation pipe network is arranged on the planting groove;
the end of the fertilizer water reflux groove, which is positioned at the lowest position of the table top of the bottom table, is provided with a water outlet of the reflux groove, the water outlet of the reflux groove is connected with the water inlet of the multistage centrifugal pump through a pipeline, and the water outlet of the multistage centrifugal pump is connected with the water inlet of the backwashing filter through a pipeline; the clear water outlet of the back-flushing filter is connected with the water inlet of the drip irrigation pipe network through a pipeline; the slag water outlet of the back flush filter is connected with the slag water pool through a pipeline.
Further, it is preferable that the depth of the fertilizer water reflux groove is 1 to 1.5 cm.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention provides a high-yield soilless culture method for fresh cut flowers of China roses, which is characterized in that the yield per mu of the fresh cut flowers is increased to 10-12 ten thousand branches, the proportion of high-quality products is increased to 25-30%, the economic benefit achievement is remarkable, the land utilization rate is increased by 20-30%, the fertilizer utilization rate reaches 65-70%, and the world leading level is reached.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a water and fertilizer integrated recycling and circulating system for a greenhouse for planting fresh Chinese roses according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic bottom view of the planting groove;
FIG. 3 is a schematic top view of the connection between the base and the reflow tank;
wherein the notation is: 1. a base table; 2. planting grooves; 3. a drain hole; 4. a reflux tank; 5. a water outlet of the reflux tank; 6. a multistage centrifugal pump; 7. drip irrigation pipe network; 8. backwashing the filter; 9. a slag pool.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the following examples are illustrative of the invention only and should not be taken as limiting the scope of the invention. The examples do not specify particular techniques or conditions, and are performed according to the techniques or conditions described in the literature in the art or according to the product specifications. The materials or equipment used are not indicated by manufacturers, and all are conventional products available by purchase.
The black and white film is not limited by manufacturers, and the black and white film used in the embodiment is produced by Shandong Yide plastic industry Co., Ltd, can be purchased in markets or ordered by the manufacturers.
The particle size of the centimeter stone is not particularly limited in the present invention, and is preferably 20 mm.
Example 1
A high-yield soilless culture method for fresh cut flowers of Chinese roses comprises the following steps:
step (1), planting Chinese rose seedlings: a substrate is placed on the bottom platform, a mulching film is laid on the substrate, a drip irrigation tape is arranged on the substrate, and the substrate is composed of a centimeter stone and coconut coir from bottom to top in sequence; the thickness of the centimeter stone is 8-9 cm, and the thickness of the coconut coir is 29-30 cm;
then, introducing water until coconut coir is completely expanded, planting Chinese rose seedlings on the substrate, wherein the row spacing is 29-30 cm, the distance between the Chinese rose seedlings and the edge of the substrate is 4.5-5 cm, and the plant spacing is 12-13 cm;
the mulching film is a black film and a white film, and the white surface faces outwards;
step (2), fertilizer drip irrigation: preparing mother liquor with an EC value of 1.6mS/cm, diluting the mother liquor by 100 times, carrying out drip irrigation on the roots of the Chinese roses until excessive fertilizer water flows out of the matrix, and then carrying out drip irrigation for 14 min; when in drip irrigation, keeping the water pressure between 0.5MPa and 0.8 MPa;
the mother liquor comprises the following components in percentage by weight: every 10kg of mother liquor contains 650g of calcium nitrate, 80g of potassium nitrate, 0.5g of cobalamin, 250g of potassium sulfate, 50g of magnesium sulfate, 130g of sodium dihydrogen phosphate, 40g of chelated iron with the iron content being more than or equal to 6.0%, 0.8g of boric acid, 0.45g of manganese sulfate, 1.2g of zinc sulfate, 0.4g of copper sulfate and 0.1g of ammonium molybdate;
drip irrigation for 3 times every day, and the EC value in the matrix is controlled to be 0.6-0.8 mS/cm;
step (3), water drop irrigation: drip irrigation water at the root of the Chinese rose, wherein the water pressure is kept between 0.8 and 1.0MPa during drip irrigation, and the drip irrigation is carried out for 30 minutes each time and 3 times a day;
the time of water drip irrigation is separated from the time of two adjacent fertilizer drip irrigation by more than 2 hours;
and (4) harvesting fresh cut flowers: harvesting 4 times every year, wherein the height of the first-level branches reserved for first-time harvesting and pruning is 8-10 cm, the height of the second-level branches reserved for second-time harvesting and pruning is 5-7 cm, and the height of the third-level branches reserved for third-time harvesting and fourth-time harvesting and pruning is 1.9-2.1 cm.
Example 2
A high-yield soilless culture method for fresh cut flowers of Chinese roses comprises the following steps:
step (1), planting Chinese rose seedlings: a substrate is placed on the bottom platform, a mulching film is laid on the substrate, a drip irrigation tape is arranged on the substrate, and the substrate is composed of a centimeter stone and coconut coir from bottom to top in sequence; the thickness of the centimeter stone is 9-10 cm, and the thickness of the coconut coir is 30-31 cm;
then, introducing water until coconut coir is completely expanded, planting Chinese rose seedlings on the substrate, wherein the row spacing is 30-31 cm, the distance between the Chinese rose seedlings and the edge of the substrate is 5-5.5 cm, and the plant spacing is 14-15 cm;
the mulching film is a black film and a white film, and the white surface faces outwards;
step (2), fertilizer drip irrigation: preparing mother liquor with an EC value of 1.6mS/cm, diluting the mother liquor by 100 times, and then carrying out drip irrigation on the roots of the Chinese roses until redundant fertilizer water flows out of the matrix, and then continuing to carry out drip irrigation for 16 min; when in drip irrigation, keeping the water pressure between 0.8MPa and 1 MPa;
the preparation method of the mother solution comprises the following steps: every 10kg of mother liquor contains 700g of calcium nitrate, 90g of potassium nitrate, 1g of cobalamin, 320g of potassium sulfate, 55g of magnesium sulfate, 150g of sodium dihydrogen phosphate, 45g of chelated iron with the iron content being more than or equal to 6.0%, 1.0g of boric acid, 0.5g of manganese sulfate, 1.3g of zinc sulfate, 0.5g of copper sulfate and 0.12g of ammonium molybdate;
drip irrigation for 3-4 times every day, and the EC value in the matrix is controlled to be 0.6-0.8 mS/cm;
step (3), water drop irrigation: drip irrigation water at the root of the Chinese rose, wherein the water pressure is kept between 1.2 and 1.5MPa during drip irrigation, and the drip irrigation is carried out for 40 minutes every time and 4 times every day;
the time of water drip irrigation is separated from the time of two adjacent fertilizer drip irrigation by more than 2 hours;
and (4) harvesting fresh cut flowers: harvesting 4 times every year, wherein the height of the first-level branches reserved for first-time harvesting and pruning is 8-10 cm, the height of the second-level branches reserved for second-time harvesting and pruning is 5-7 cm, and the height of the third-level branches reserved for third-time harvesting and fourth-time harvesting and pruning is 1.9-2.1 cm.
The length of the base table is 34m, the height of the highest end of the base table is 50cm, and the table top of the base table inclines towards one end along the length direction. The inclination angle was 1.2 °.
And fertilizer water reflux grooves are arranged on two sides of the base platform.
The matrix placing method is to place matrix strips on the base table directly.
Example 3
A high-yield soilless culture method for fresh cut flowers of Chinese roses comprises the following steps:
step (1), planting Chinese rose seedlings: a substrate is placed on the bottom platform, a mulching film is laid on the substrate, a drip irrigation tape is arranged on the substrate, and the substrate is composed of a centimeter stone and coconut coir from bottom to top in sequence; the thickness of the centimeter stone is 8.5-9.5 cm, and the thickness of the coconut coir is 29.5-30.5 cm;
then, introducing water until coconut coir is completely expanded, and planting Chinese rose seedlings on the substrate, wherein the row spacing is 29.5-30.5 cm, the distance between each Chinese rose seedling and the edge of the substrate is 4.8-5.2 cm, and the planting distance is 13-14 cm;
the mulching film is a black film and a white film, and the white surface faces outwards;
step (2), fertilizer drip irrigation: preparing mother liquor with an EC value of 1.6mS/cm, diluting the mother liquor by 100 times, and then carrying out drip irrigation on the roots of the Chinese roses until redundant fertilizer water flows out of the matrix, and then continuing to carry out drip irrigation for 15 min; when in drip irrigation, keeping the water pressure between 0.7MPa and 0.8 MPa;
the preparation method of the mother solution comprises the following steps: every 10kg of mother liquor contains 680g of calcium nitrate, 85g of potassium nitrate, 0.8g of cobalamin, 280g of potassium sulfate, 52g of magnesium sulfate and 140g of sodium dihydrogen phosphate, 42g of chelated iron with the iron content of more than or equal to 6.0 percent, 0.9g of boric acid, 0.48g of manganese sulfate, 1.25g of zinc sulfate, 0.45g of copper sulfate and 0.11g of ammonium molybdate;
drip irrigation for 3 times every day, and the EC value in the matrix is controlled to be 0.6-0.8 mS/cm;
step (3), water drop irrigation: drip irrigation water at the root of the Chinese rose, wherein the water pressure is kept between 1 and 1.2MPa during drip irrigation, and the drip irrigation is carried out for 35 minutes each time and 3 times a day;
the time of water drip irrigation is separated from the time of two adjacent fertilizer drip irrigation by more than 2 hours;
and (4) harvesting fresh cut flowers: harvesting 4 times every year, wherein the height of the first-level branches reserved for first-time harvesting and pruning is 8-10 cm, the height of the second-level branches reserved for second-time harvesting and pruning is 5-7 cm, and the height of the third-level branches reserved for third-time harvesting and fourth-time harvesting and pruning is 1.9-2.1 cm.
The length of the base table is 36m, the height of the highest end of the base table is 40cm, and the table top of the base table inclines towards one end along the length direction. The inclination angle was 0.8 °.
And fertilizer water reflux grooves are arranged on two sides of the base platform.
The matrix placing method is that a planting groove is placed on a bottom platform, and the matrix is filled in the planting groove. Specifically, as shown in fig. 1-3, the water and fertilizer integrated recycling and circulating system for a greenhouse for planting fresh Chinese roses comprises a bottom platform 1 and planting grooves 2, wherein the planting grooves 2 are arranged on the bottom platform 1, and the table top of the bottom platform 1 inclines towards one end along the length direction; a reflux groove 4 is arranged around the table surface of the bottom table 1;
the bottom of the planting groove 2 is provided with a drain hole 3, and the drain hole 3 is positioned at the lowest end of the table top of the bottom table 1;
a drip irrigation pipe network 7 is arranged on the planting groove 2;
the end of the backflow groove 4, which is positioned at the lowest position of the table top of the bottom table 1, is provided with a backflow groove water outlet 5, the backflow groove water outlet 5 is connected with a water inlet of a multistage centrifugal pump 6 through a pipeline, and a water outlet of the multistage centrifugal pump 6 is connected with a water inlet of a backwashing filter 8 through a pipeline; the clear water outlet of the back-washing filter 8 is connected with the water inlet of the drip irrigation pipe network 7 through a pipeline; the slag water outlet of the back flush filter 8 is connected with the slag water pool 9 through a pipeline.
Example 4
A high-yield soilless culture method for fresh cut flowers of Chinese roses comprises the following steps:
step (1), planting Chinese rose seedlings: a substrate is placed on the bottom platform, a mulching film is laid on the substrate, a drip irrigation tape is arranged on the substrate, and the substrate is composed of a centimeter stone and coconut coir from bottom to top in sequence; the thickness of the centimeter stone is 8-10 cm, and the thickness of the coconut coir is 29-31 cm;
then, introducing water until coconut coir is completely expanded, planting Chinese rose seedlings on the substrate, wherein the row spacing is 29-31 cm, the distance between the Chinese rose seedlings and the edge of the substrate is 4.5-5.5 cm, and the plant spacing is 12-15 cm;
the mulching film is a black film and a white film, and the white surface faces outwards;
step (2), fertilizer drip irrigation: preparing mother liquor with an EC value of 1.6mS/cm, diluting the mother liquor by 100 times, and then carrying out drip irrigation on the roots of the Chinese roses until redundant fertilizer water flows out of the matrix, and then continuing to carry out drip irrigation for 15 min; when in drip irrigation, keeping the water pressure between 0.5MPa and 1 MPa;
the preparation method of the mother solution comprises the following steps: every 10kg of mother liquor contains 660g of calcium nitrate, 88g of potassium nitrate, 0.8g of cobalamin, 300g of potassium sulfate, 53g of magnesium sulfate, 135g of sodium dihydrogen phosphate, 42g of chelated iron with the iron content being more than or equal to 6.0 percent, 0.9g of boric acid, 0.46g of manganese sulfate, 1.27g of zinc sulfate, 0.42g of copper sulfate and 0.11g of ammonium molybdate;
drip irrigation for 3 times every day, and the EC value in the matrix is controlled to be 0.6-0.8 mS/cm;
step (3), water drop irrigation: drip irrigation water at the root of the Chinese rose, wherein during drip irrigation, the water pressure is kept between 0.8 and 1.5Mpa, and the drip irrigation is carried out for 36 minutes every time and 4 times every day;
the time of water drip irrigation is separated from the time of two adjacent fertilizer drip irrigation by more than 2 hours;
and (4) harvesting fresh cut flowers: harvesting 4 times every year, wherein the height of the first-level branches reserved for first-time harvesting and pruning is 8-10 cm, the height of the second-level branches reserved for second-time harvesting and pruning is 5-7 cm, and the height of the third-level branches reserved for third-time harvesting and fourth-time harvesting and pruning is 1.9-2.1 cm.
The length of the base table is 35m, the height of the highest end of the base table is 50cm, and the table top of the base table inclines to one end along the length direction. The inclination angle is 1 deg..
And fertilizer water reflux grooves are arranged on two sides of the base platform.
The matrix placing method is that a planting groove is placed on a bottom platform, and the matrix is filled in the planting groove. Specifically, as shown in fig. 1-3, the water and fertilizer integrated recycling and circulating system for a greenhouse for planting fresh Chinese roses comprises a bottom platform 1 and planting grooves 2, wherein the planting grooves 2 are arranged on the bottom platform 1, and the table top of the bottom platform 1 inclines towards one end along the length direction; a reflux groove 4 is arranged around the table surface of the bottom table 1;
the bottom of the planting groove 2 is provided with a drain hole 3, and the drain hole 3 is positioned at the lowest end of the table top of the bottom table 1;
a drip irrigation pipe network 7 is arranged on the planting groove 2;
the end of the backflow groove 4, which is positioned at the lowest position of the table top of the bottom table 1, is provided with a backflow groove water outlet 5, the backflow groove water outlet 5 is connected with a water inlet of a multistage centrifugal pump 6 through a pipeline, and a water outlet of the multistage centrifugal pump 6 is connected with a water inlet of a backwashing filter 8 through a pipeline; the clear water outlet of the back-washing filter 8 is connected with the water inlet of the drip irrigation pipe network 7 through a pipeline; the slag water outlet of the back flush filter 8 is connected with the slag water pool 9 through a pipeline.
Usually, the planting groove 2 contains a substrate for planting Chinese roses, after planting, a drip irrigation pipe network 7 drips irrigation water and fertilizer on the substrate, the excess water and fertilizer flows into a reflux groove 4 from the upper edge of the planting groove 2 or flows into the reflux groove 4 from a drain hole 3, then the excess water and fertilizer enters a multistage centrifugal pump 6 through a reflux groove water outlet 5, liquid obtained through centrifugation enters a backwashing filter 8 for separation, clear water part contains water and fertilizer and enters the drip irrigation pipe network 7 again for reuse, and slag water part enters a slag water tank 9 for retreatment and then is discharged outside.
The skilled person will generally know that there may be one or more than one bottom platform 1 and planting groove 2, that is, 1 planting groove 2 is placed on each bottom platform 1, or a plurality of planting grooves 2 are placed on each bottom platform 1, and the invention is not limited in this respect, and these variations are within the scope of the invention.
Examples of the applications
1. The planting groove building method comprises the following steps:
1.1 planting groove length 35 meters, wide 40cm, high 40cm, at first build length 35 meters base platform under planting the groove, the base platform height is 15~50cm, separate about 2 meters put the support horizontal bar, put asbestos tile or flat board as the base platform holding surface on the horizontal bar, the base platform holding surface is along 35 meters long length direction cutting 1 degree, the difference in height is 35cm, planting 15cm high one end of groove and remaining rich water collection mouth to guarantee liquid manure recycle.
1.2 matrix placement: firstly, paving 8-10 cm thick centimeter stones at the bottom of a planting groove to ensure smooth draining; placing 30cm coconut chaff on the centimeter stone, after laying, erecting a drip irrigation pipeline, and introducing water until the coconut chaff is completely expanded.
1.3 laying mulching films: the mulching film is a black and white film, the laying width is 40cm, the mulching film is suitable for completely covering the substrate, the film can effectively prevent green algae from being generated, the white surface reflects light, the black surface shields light, and the effects of well keeping moisture and air humidity and reducing diseases are achieved.
1.4 planting Chinese rose seedlings, wherein 2 rows of Chinese roses are planted in each planting groove, the row spacing is 30cm, the distance between the seedlings and the edge of the groove is 5cm, and the planting distance is 12-15 cm.
2. The drip irrigation method of the water fertilizer comprises the following steps:
2.1 preparing mother liquor with an EC value of 1.6, feeding the mother liquor into a drip irrigation belt through an electromagnetic valve, keeping the water pressure between 0.5 and 1Mpa, slowly carrying out drip irrigation on the roots of the Chinese roses until redundant fertilizer water is reserved from the short ends of the planting grooves, and then continuously keeping drip irrigation and infiltration for 15 minutes.
2.2 drip irrigation for 3-4 times every day, and the EC value in the matrix is controlled to be 0.6-0.8.
2.3 after the drip irrigation, clear water can be introduced at intervals of more than 2 hours to supplement water, the water pressure of the water supplement is controlled to be 0.8-1.5 Mpa, the duration is 30-40 minutes, and the water supplement is carried out 3-4 times per day.
3. Branch picking method
3.1 the Chinese rose flowering branch is divided into a cutting flowering branch and a nutrition branch according to the function and the purpose. After the nutritional branch breaking culture of the Chinese rose plants is completed, the peduncle from the plant base is a first-level branch, the branch from the first-level branch is a second-level branch, and the branch from the second-level branch is a third-level branch. In the production process of the cut-flower Chinese rose, the common folding is to culture flowering branches and vegetative branches and regulate the flowering phase; in the process of folding branches, the thin and weak branches except flowering branches are folded and cultured to form nutrient branches.
3.2 the harvested cut flowers are 4 times per year, the height of the first-level branches reserved for the first pruning is 8-10 cm, the height of the second-level branches reserved for the second pruning is 5-7 cm, and the third-level branches and the fourth-level branches are 2 cm. The pruning method can ensure high yield and high quality plant type.
By adopting the application example method, the yield per mu is improved to 8-10 ten thousand branches, the proportion of high-quality products (A, B level) is improved to more than 60 percent, the economic benefit achievement is obvious, the land utilization rate is improved by 40-60 percent, and the fertilizer utilization rate reaches more than 99 percent.
The foregoing shows and describes the general principles, essential features, and advantages of the invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are described in the specification and illustrated only to illustrate the principle of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (8)
1. A high-yield soilless culture method for fresh cut flowers of Chinese roses is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step (1), planting Chinese rose seedlings: a substrate is placed on the bottom platform, a mulching film is laid on the substrate, a drip irrigation tape is arranged on the substrate, and the substrate is composed of a centimeter stone and coconut coir from bottom to top in sequence; the thickness of the centimeter stone is 8-10 cm, and the thickness of the coconut coir is 29-31 cm;
then, introducing water until coconut coir is completely expanded, planting Chinese rose seedlings on the substrate, wherein the row spacing is 29-31 cm, the distance between the Chinese rose seedlings and the edge of the substrate is 4.5-5.5 cm, and the plant spacing is 12-15 cm;
the mulching film is a black film and a white film, and the white surface faces outwards;
step (2), fertilizer drip irrigation: preparing a mother solution with an EC value of 1.6mS/cm, diluting the mother solution by 100 times, carrying out drip irrigation on the roots of the Chinese rose seedlings until excessive fertilizer water flows out of the matrix, and then carrying out drip irrigation continuously for 14-16 min; when in drip irrigation, keeping the water pressure between 0.5MPa and 1 MPa;
the mother liquor comprises the following components in percentage by weight: each 10kg of mother liquor contains 700g of 650-plus calcium nitrate, 80-90g of potassium nitrate, 0.5-1g of cobalamin, 320g of 250-plus potassium sulfate, 50-55g of magnesium sulfate, 150g of 130-plus sodium dihydrogen phosphate, 40-45g of chelated iron with the iron content being more than or equal to 6.0 percent, 0.8-1.0g of boric acid, 0.45-0.5g of manganese sulfate, 1.2-1.3g of zinc sulfate, 0.4-0.5g of copper sulfate and 0.1-0.12g of ammonium molybdate;
drip irrigation for 3-4 times every day, and the EC value in the matrix is controlled to be 0.6-0.8 mS/cm;
step (3), water drop irrigation: drip irrigation water at the roots of the Chinese roses, wherein the water pressure is kept between 0.8MPa and 1.5MPa during drip irrigation, the drip irrigation is carried out for 30 minutes to 40 minutes every time, and the drip irrigation is carried out 3 times to 4 times every day;
the time of water drip irrigation is separated from the time of two adjacent fertilizer drip irrigation by more than 2 hours;
and (4) harvesting fresh cut flowers: harvesting 4 times every year, wherein the height of the first-level branches reserved for first-time harvesting and pruning is 8-10 cm, the height of the second-level branches reserved for second-time harvesting and pruning is 5-7 cm, and the height of the third-level branches reserved for third-time harvesting and fourth-time harvesting and pruning is 1.9-2.1 cm.
2. A high-yield soilless culture method for fresh cut flowers of China roses according to claim 1, wherein the length of the base platform is 34-36 m, the height of the base platform is 15-50 cm, and the platform surface of the base platform inclines towards one end along the length direction.
3. The method for high-yield soilless culture of fresh cut flowers of China roses according to claim 2, characterized in that the inclination angle is 0.8-1.2 °.
4. A high-yield soilless culture method for fresh cut flowers of China rose as claimed in claim 3, wherein fertilizer water reflux grooves are installed on both sides of the base platform.
5. A high-yield soilless culture method for fresh cut flowers of China rose according to claim 4, characterized in that, there are two kinds of said substrate placing methods: firstly, a planting groove is arranged on a bottom platform, and a substrate is filled in the planting groove; secondly, the matrix strip is directly placed on the bottom platform.
6. A high-yield soilless culture method for fresh cut flowers of China roses according to claim 5, characterized in that the planting grooves are 34-36 meters in length, 39-41 cm in width and 37-41 cm in height;
when the substrate is composed of a plurality of substrate strips, the total length is 34-36 meters, the width is 39-41 cm, and the height is 37-41 cm.
7. A high-yield soilless culture method for fresh cut flowers of China rose as claimed in claim 5, wherein the bottom of the planting groove is provided with a drainage hole, the drainage hole is positioned at the end with the lowest platform surface of the bottom platform;
a drip irrigation pipe network is arranged on the planting groove;
the end of the fertilizer water reflux groove, which is positioned at the lowest position of the table top of the bottom table, is provided with a water outlet of the reflux groove, the water outlet of the reflux groove is connected with the water inlet of the multistage centrifugal pump through a pipeline, and the water outlet of the multistage centrifugal pump is connected with the water inlet of the backwashing filter through a pipeline; the clear water outlet of the back-flushing filter is connected with the water inlet of the drip irrigation pipe network through a pipeline; the slag water outlet of the back flush filter is connected with the slag water pool through a pipeline.
8. A high-yield soilless culture method for fresh cut flowers of China roses according to claim 7, characterized in that the depth of the fertilizer-water backflow groove is 1-1.5 cm.
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