CN110754307A - Overwintering cultivation technology for collard seedlings - Google Patents
Overwintering cultivation technology for collard seedlings Download PDFInfo
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- CN110754307A CN110754307A CN201911026326.0A CN201911026326A CN110754307A CN 110754307 A CN110754307 A CN 110754307A CN 201911026326 A CN201911026326 A CN 201911026326A CN 110754307 A CN110754307 A CN 110754307A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/15—Leaf crops, e.g. lettuce or spinach
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/14—Greenhouses
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/14—Greenhouses
- A01G9/1438—Covering materials therefor; Materials for protective coverings used for soil and plants, e.g. films, canopies, tunnels or cloches
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/22—Shades or blinds for greenhouses, or the like
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/25—Greenhouse technology, e.g. cooling systems therefor
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- Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses an overwintering cultivation technology of collard seedlings, which mainly comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of arranging a seedbed, transplanting, fixing, laminating in winter, removing films and transplanting, wherein all the seedlings are covered by a straw mat and a shed film in a vertically staggered manner, so that the plants can be effectively prevented from being frozen, the root systems of the plants are greatly prevented from being frozen, the survival rate of the seedlings is effectively improved, meanwhile, the seedlings cultivated by the method comprise fixed-planting seedlings and storage seedlings, the storage seedlings are cultivated in the row spacing of the fixed-planting seedlings, the seedbed can be effectively saved, and meanwhile, the working procedures are reduced for the next-year fixed planting.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of overwintering cultivation of agricultural plants, and particularly relates to an overwintering cultivation technology of collard seedlings.
Background
The collard is a brassicaceae brassica plant, is a biennial foliage herbal flower, basal leaves are closely and reciprocally grown to be lotus-shaped, leaf veins and leaf stalks are light purple, the color of the internal leaves is extremely rich, the plant height is generally 20-40 cm, the general inflorescence is light yellow, the ornamental period of the leaves is from 12 months to the next 3 and 4 months, and the collard can be used as an ideal supplement foliage flower for urban greening in late autumn and early winter in northwest China due to the characteristics of unique leaf color, posture, strong adaptability, simple and convenient maintenance and the like; the adult plants can withstand short-term frost for 15-20 times without withering in the open field in the northern area of China, but cannot tolerate continuous severe cold for a long time, the collard seedlings can be used for greening in the same year, and the seeds are mainly produced in the next year, so that the key point of massive cultivation and planting of the collard seedlings in the northwest area is how to overwinter.
Along with the demand of northern flower markets, the overwintering plants are protected to develop rapidly, particularly, the seedling benefit advantage of the overwintering flowers is obvious, the overwintering cultivation forms of the plants are also diversified, and the overwintering cultivation forms mainly comprise overwintering cultivation forms such as a winter-warm greenhouse, a three-film one-mat and the like; taking winter warm greenhouse overwintering as an example, the seedlings are grown in the middle ten days of 8 months, the seedlings are in a high-temperature season, the diseases and the pests are serious, meanwhile, the three-film one-mat overwintering technology is operated according to local conditions and the experience of cultivation personnel, and the three-film one-mat overwintering technology does not have a complete cultivation and permanent planting control technology and the reliability of mass operation; meanwhile, at present, no relevant literature reports exist about the overwintering cultivation technology of the kale seedlings in northwest regions, so that the establishment of the overwintering cultivation technology of the kale seedlings with simple and convenient operation, easy popularization and high survival rate is urgently needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of the overwintering cultivation technology of the collard seedlings, which is simple and convenient to operate, easy to popularize and high in survival rate.
The invention comprises the following steps;
(1) arranging a seedbed: selecting seedling beds in a seedling shed, and scattering rotten soil compost on each seedling bed;
(2) transplanting and field planting: transplanting a seedling plant with soil on a root system into the seedling bed, wherein the seedling plant comprises a field planting seedling and a storage seedling, the field planting seedling is directly planted in the seedling bed, and the storage seedling is obliquely planted among the field planting seedling row spacing;
(3) overwintering film covering: after all the seedling plants are transplanted, covering a layer of straw mat 1 on the seedling plants, and spraying water on the straw mat 1 to enable the soil humidity of the seedbed to reach 40%; when the average daily outside temperature is reduced to-4-0 ℃, covering a greenhouse film 1 on the straw curtain 1, covering a straw curtain 2 on the greenhouse film 1, when the average daily outside temperature is reduced to-6 to-15 ℃, covering a greenhouse film 2 on the straw curtain 2, covering a layer of straws on the greenhouse film 2, and compacting the peripheries of the straws;
(4) removing the film and transplanting: after the seedling plants live through the winter, when the average temperature of the outside world reaches-6 to-4 ℃, removing the greenhouse film 2 and the straws, when the average temperature of the outside world reaches 0 ℃, removing the grass curtain 2 and the greenhouse film 1, when the average temperature of the outside world reaches 5 ℃, removing the grass curtain 1, and then transplanting the stored seedlings.
Further, when the field planting seedlings are transplanted, the plant spacing is 30-40cm, the row spacing is 40-50cm, and the depth is 20-25 cm.
Further, the storage seedlings are obliquely planted to a depth of 10-15cm, the included angle of the inclination of the storage seedlings relative to the horizontal plane of the seedbed is 30-45 degrees, and the inclination directions of the storage seedlings are consistent.
Further, the thickness of the straw is 15-20 cm.
Further, the seedbed is 1.3-1.5m wide, 3.3-3.5m long and 0.3-0.5m thick.
Further, 200kg of rotten soil compost and 300kg of compost are scattered on each seedbed.
Further, in the step (4), after the straw curtain 2 and the greenhouse film 1 are removed, water is sprayed on the straw curtain 1, so that the humidity of the seedbed soil is not lower than 50%.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. according to the method, the grass curtains and the shed film are covered on the seedling plants in a vertically staggered manner along with the reduction of the external temperature, the straw covers the outermost layer of the grass curtains, so that the moisture of the soil of the seedling plants can be effectively maintained, the growth temperature of the seedling plants can be improved, the grass curtains cover the shed film, wind and film blowing can be prevented, the constant temperature can be kept, the freezing injury of the root systems of the plants is greatly avoided, and the survival rate of the kale seedling plants is effectively improved.
2. Compared with the common seedling overwintering transplanting technology, the survival rate of the method is higher, the overwintering cultivation of the kale is aimed at ensuring the continuous supply of the seedlings, the survival rate of the overwintering seedlings, the yield of the seedlings and other main performance indexes directly influence the quantity or the quality of seed sources in the next year, the moisture and the temperature are the key for ensuring the safe survival of the overwintering seedlings, and the straw curtain and the shed film are selected according to the external temperature, so that the growth temperature of the seedlings can be timely increased, the soil moisture is maintained, the lowest temperature of a seedbed is ensured, and the method is very effective for the growth of.
3. The seedling plants cultivated by the method comprise the field planting seedlings and the storage seedlings, the field planting seedlings are in straight planting, the plant spacing is 30-40cm, the row spacing is 40-50cm, the effective spacing of the field planting seedlings in the subsequent planting period is guaranteed, the damage of the storage seedlings to the field planting seedlings in the transplanting process of the next year is reduced, the survival rate of the field planting seedlings is improved, the storage seedlings are obliquely planted, the planting depth is shallow, the root system is prevented from being frozen under the condition that the straw mats and the greenhouse films are covered in an up-and-down staggered mode, the transplanting of the next year is facilitated, the storage seedlings are cultivated in the row spacing of the field planting seedlings, the seedbeds can be effectively saved, and the working procedures are reduced for the field planting of the next year.
4. The transplanting and field planting time is selected before and after the beginning of winter, the external temperature is not hot, the plant diseases and insect pests are less, the damage degree of the plant diseases and insect pests to the plant is reduced, and the survival rate of the kale seedlings can be improved; meanwhile, compared with the common seed seedling raising and transplanting technology, the survival rate of the method can reach more than ninety-two percent, and the method has remarkable economic benefit.
Detailed Description
To better illustrate the objects, aspects and advantages of the present invention, the present invention will be further described with reference to specific examples.
Example 1: overwintering cultivation technology for collard seedlings
(1) Arranging a seedbed: selecting a plot with less illumination in daytime, wherein the neutral sandy soil with deep soil layer, loose structure, good air permeability and high organic matter content is required, selecting seedling beds from the neutral sandy soil, wherein the width of each seedling bed is 1.5m, the length of each seedling bed is 3.5m, and the thickness of each seedling bed is 0.4m, and scattering 200kg of rotten soil compost on each seedling bed;
(2) transplanting and field planting: transplanting a seedling plant with soil on a root system into a seedling bed, wherein the seedling plant comprises a field planting seedling and a storage seedling, the field planting seedling is directly planted in the seedling bed, the plant spacing is 40cm, the row spacing is 50cm, the depth is 25cm, the storage seedling is obliquely planted between the row spacing of each field planting seedling, the oblique planting depth is 10cm, the inclination included angle of the storage seedling relative to the horizontal plane of the seedling bed is 30 degrees, and the inclination directions of the storage seedling are consistent;
(3) overwintering film covering: after all the seedling plants are transplanted and fixedly planted, covering a layer of grass curtain 1 on the seedling plants, and spraying water on the grass curtain 1 to ensure that the soil humidity of a seedbed reaches 40%; when the average temperature per day of the outside is reduced to-3 ℃, covering a layer of shed film 1 on the straw curtain 1, covering a layer of straw curtain 2 on the shed film 1, when the average temperature per day of the outside is reduced to-10 ℃, covering a layer of shed film 2 on the straw curtain 2, covering a layer of straws on the shed film 2, wherein the thickness of the straws is 15cm, and compacting the shed film 2 and the straws;
(4) removing the film and transplanting: after the seedling plants live through the winter, when the average temperature of the outside world per day reaches-4 ℃, removing the straws and the greenhouse film 2, when the average temperature of the outside world per day reaches 0 ℃, removing the straw mat 2 and the greenhouse film 1, spraying water on the straw mat 1 to ensure that the humidity of the seedbed soil is not lower than 50%, when the average temperature of the outside world per day is higher than 5 ℃, removing the straw mat 1, and then starting to store and transplant the seedlings.
Example 2: overwintering cultivation technology for collard seedlings
(1) Arranging a seedbed: selecting a plot with low illumination in daytime, wherein the neutral sandy soil with deep soil layer, loose structure, good air permeability and high organic matter content is required, selecting seedling beds from the neutral sandy soil, wherein the width of each seedling bed is 1.3m, the length of each seedling bed is 3.3m, the thickness of each seedling bed is 0.5m, and scattering 300kg of compost of rotten soil on each seedling bed;
(2) transplanting and field planting: transplanting a seedling plant with soil on a root system into a seedling bed, wherein the seedling plant comprises a field planting seedling and a storage seedling, the field planting seedling is directly planted in the seedling bed, the plant spacing is 30cm, the row spacing is 40cm, the depth is 20cm, the storage seedling is obliquely planted between the row spacing of each field planting seedling, the oblique planting depth is 15cm, the inclination included angle of the storage seedling relative to the horizontal plane of the seedling bed is 40 degrees, and the inclination directions of the storage seedling are consistent;
(3) overwintering film covering: after all the seedlings are transplanted, covering a layer of straw mat 1 on the seedlings, spraying water on the straw mat 1 to enable the humidity of seedbed soil to reach 40%, covering a layer of shed film 1 on the straw mat 1 when the average outside daily temperature is reduced to-2 ℃, covering a layer of straw mat 2 on the shed film 1, covering a layer of shed film 2 on the straw mat 2 when the average outside daily temperature is reduced to-13 ℃, covering a layer of straw on the shed film 2, and compacting the periphery of the straw;
(4) removing the film and transplanting: after the seedling plants live through the winter, when the average temperature of the outside day reaches-3 ℃, removing the greenhouse film 2 and the straws, when the average temperature of the outside day reaches 1 ℃, removing the straw mat 2 and the greenhouse film 1, spraying water on the straw mat 1 to ensure that the humidity of the seedbed soil is not lower than 50%, when the average temperature of the outside day is higher than 5 ℃, removing the straw mat 1, and then starting to store and transplant the seedlings.
Example 3: overwintering cultivation technology for collard seedlings
(1) Arranging a seedbed: selecting a plot with less illumination in daytime, wherein the neutral sandy soil with deep soil layer, loose structure, good air permeability and high organic matter content is required, selecting seedling beds from the neutral sandy soil, wherein the width of each seedling bed is 1.5m, the length of each seedling bed is 3.5m, and the thickness of each seedling bed is 0.4m, and scattering 250kg of compost of rotten soil on each seedling bed;
(2) transplanting and field planting: transplanting a seedling plant with soil on a root system into a seedling bed, wherein the seedling plant comprises a field planting seedling and a storage seedling, the field planting seedling is directly planted in the seedling bed, the plant spacing is 35cm, the row spacing is 45cm, the depth is 25cm, the storage seedling is obliquely planted between the row spacing of each field planting seedling, the oblique planting depth is 10cm, the inclination included angle of the storage seedling relative to the horizontal plane of the seedling bed is 45 degrees, and the inclination directions of the storage seedling are consistent;
(3) overwintering film covering: after all the seedlings are transplanted, covering a layer of straw mat 1 on the seedlings, spraying water on the straw mat 1 to enable the humidity of seedbed soil to reach 40%, covering a layer of shed film 1 on the straw mat 1 when the average outside daily temperature is reduced to-3 ℃, covering a layer of straw mat 2 on the shed film 1, covering a layer of shed film 2 on the straw mat 2 when the average outside daily temperature is reduced to-15 ℃, covering a layer of straw on the shed film 2, and compacting the periphery of the straw;
(4) removing the film and transplanting: after the seedling plants live through the winter, when the average temperature of the outside in the day reaches-5 ℃, removing the greenhouse film 2 and the straws, when the average temperature of the outside reaches 0 ℃, removing the straw mat 2 and the greenhouse film 1, spraying water on the straw mat 1 to ensure that the humidity of the seedbed soil is not lower than 50%, when the average temperature of the outside is higher than 5 ℃, removing the straw mat 1, and then starting to store and transplant the seedlings.
Temperature and humidity measurements and statistics of the survival rate of the transplanted seedlings in examples 1, 2 and 3 are respectively carried out, and the results are shown in the following table 1.2.3:
table 1 temperature and humidity measurements and survival rate statistics of example 1
Table 2 temperature and humidity measurement and survival rate statistical results of embodiment 2
Table 3 temperature and humidity measurement and survival rate statistics of example 3
The results show that (1) the survival rate of the seedling plants is over 92 percent and higher than that of the seedling plants by the method, and the survival rate of the seedling plants by the common method is generally lower than 85 percent; (2) by monitoring the temperature in the seedbed shed and the soil temperature and humidity in real time, the method provided by the invention selects the straw curtain and the shed film according to the external temperature, and effectively ensures that the soil humidity and the temperature are both in a proper interval. The overwintering cultivation of the collard aims at ensuring continuous supply of seedlings, main performance indexes of the overwintering seedlings, such as survival rate, seedling yield and the like, directly influence the quantity or quality of seed sources in the next year, water and temperature are the keys for ensuring safe survival of the overwintering seedlings, and a straw curtain and a shed film are selected according to external temperature, so that the growth temperature of the seedlings can be timely increased, soil moisture is maintained, the lowest temperature of a seedbed is ensured, and the overwintering cultivation of the collard is very effective for seedling growth.
The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical solutions of the present invention and are not limitative, and the present invention is described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments only. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that various modifications and equivalent arrangements may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention and it should be understood that the present invention is to be covered by the appended claims.
Claims (7)
1. A technology for overwintering cultivation of collard seedlings is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) arranging a seedbed: selecting seedling beds in a seedling shed, and scattering rotten soil compost on each seedling bed;
(2) transplanting and field planting: transplanting a seedling plant with soil on a root system into the seedling bed, wherein the seedling plant comprises a field planting seedling and a storage seedling, the field planting seedling is directly planted in the seedling bed, and the storage seedling is obliquely planted among the field planting seedling row spacing;
(3) overwintering film covering: after all the seedling plants are transplanted, covering a layer of straw mat 1 on the seedling plants, and spraying water on the straw mat 1 to enable the soil humidity of the seedbed to reach 40%; when the average daily outside temperature is reduced to-4-0 ℃, covering a greenhouse film 1 on the straw curtain 1, covering a straw curtain 2 on the greenhouse film 1, when the average daily outside temperature is reduced to-6 to-15 ℃, covering a greenhouse film 2 on the straw curtain 2, covering a layer of straws on the greenhouse film 2, and compacting the peripheries of the straws;
(4) removing the film and transplanting: after the seedling plants live through the winter, when the average temperature of the outside world reaches-6 to-4 ℃, removing the greenhouse film 2 and the straws, when the average temperature of the outside world reaches 0 ℃, removing the grass curtain 2 and the greenhouse film 1, when the average temperature of the outside world reaches 5 ℃, removing the grass curtain 1, and then transplanting the stored seedlings.
2. The overwintering cultivation technology of the kale seedlings according to the claim 1, characterized in that: when the field planting seedlings are transplanted, the plant spacing is 30-40cm, the row spacing is 40-50cm, and the depth is 20-25 cm.
3. The overwintering cultivation technology of the kale seedlings according to the claim 1, characterized in that: the storage seedlings are planted at an inclined depth of 10-15cm, the included angle of the inclination of the storage seedlings relative to the horizontal plane of the seedbed is 30-45 degrees, and the inclination directions of the storage seedlings are consistent.
4. The overwintering cultivation technology of the kale seedlings according to the claim 1, characterized in that: the thickness of the straw is 15-20 cm.
5. The overwintering cultivation technology of the kale seedlings according to the claim 1, characterized in that: the width of the seedbed is 1.3-1.5m, the length is 3.3-3.5m, and the thickness is 0.3-0.5 m.
6. The overwintering cultivation technology of the kale seedlings according to the claim 1, characterized in that: 200kg of rotten soil compost and 300kg of compost are scattered on each seedbed.
7. The overwintering cultivation technology of the kale seedlings according to the claim 1, characterized in that: in the step (4), after the straw curtain 2 and the shed film 1 are removed, water is sprayed on the straw curtain 1, so that the humidity of the seedbed soil is not lower than 50%.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113348993A (en) * | 2021-06-29 | 2021-09-07 | 石家庄市农林科学研究院 | Cabbage type winter rape overwintering protective cultivation method |
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| CN103283443A (en) * | 2013-05-15 | 2013-09-11 | 镇江瑞繁农艺有限公司 | Collard culture method |
| CN103477835A (en) * | 2013-09-12 | 2014-01-01 | 张进峰 | Lotus root and strawberry water-upland rotation planting method |
| CN104303797A (en) * | 2014-10-29 | 2015-01-28 | 和县鑫发农业发展有限公司 | Greenhouse cultivation method for pollution-free collards |
| CN105379546A (en) * | 2015-12-14 | 2016-03-09 | 陈德生 | Early-spring pepper four-film-covered close planting efficient cultivation technology |
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| CN103283443A (en) * | 2013-05-15 | 2013-09-11 | 镇江瑞繁农艺有限公司 | Collard culture method |
| CN103477835A (en) * | 2013-09-12 | 2014-01-01 | 张进峰 | Lotus root and strawberry water-upland rotation planting method |
| CN104303797A (en) * | 2014-10-29 | 2015-01-28 | 和县鑫发农业发展有限公司 | Greenhouse cultivation method for pollution-free collards |
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| CN113348993A (en) * | 2021-06-29 | 2021-09-07 | 石家庄市农林科学研究院 | Cabbage type winter rape overwintering protective cultivation method |
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