CN110746241A - Slow-release soil conditioner and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Slow-release soil conditioner and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN110746241A CN110746241A CN201911109968.7A CN201911109968A CN110746241A CN 110746241 A CN110746241 A CN 110746241A CN 201911109968 A CN201911109968 A CN 201911109968A CN 110746241 A CN110746241 A CN 110746241A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F3/00—Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure
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- Soil Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a slow-release soil conditioner and a preparation method and application thereof, belonging to the field of soil conditioners. The slow-release soil conditioner comprises, by weight, 12-14 parts of a compound organic fertilizer, 72-77 parts of green plant straws, 6-9 parts of pine needles, 2-4 parts of polyacrylamide and 1-2 parts of a multifunctional microbial inoculum, and is prepared by natural fermentation. Compared with the existing single modifier, the slow-release soil modifier has stronger supplementing and regulating capacity for N, P, K and other nutrient substances in limestone matrix soil, and reduces the loss rate of substance reaction; meanwhile, straw is prevented from being burnt to generate plant ash, and damage of unfavorable factors in the plant ash to soil is avoided.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of soil conditioners, in particular to a slow-release soil conditioner and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
In recent years, fire accidents caused by straw burning are frequent, and the straw burning is forbidden in China, generally, the residual ash generated after the straw burning is adopted as the plant ash in the modifying agent, part of the residual ash is not beneficial to plant growth, and the air is polluted by the straw burning, so that the problem is the bottleneck in the modifying agent preparation. Moreover, the modifier is often influenced by external environments such as rainwater, strong wind and the like, the utilization rate and the service cycle of the modifier are reduced, and how to technically modify and innovate the fertilizer to improve the fertilizer effect is also one of the technical difficulties of the modifier.
The soil in the upstream mountain section of the pseudostellaria river has few organic matters and is alkalescent. The upstream Benxi county of the Taizi river basin mountain area mainly takes grazing and farming as main factors, and a large number of farmlands and forest lands exist. Benxi is also called medicine and has a large number of Chinese herbal medicine planting bases. The herb is generally only taken from the stem or the root, and the rest part of the herb is wasted in the field, if the herb is unreasonably utilized, disasters such as diseases, insects and the like can be caused, and if the herb can be utilized, not only can the plant community and the soil nutrient be better protected, but also the yield of crops can be even improved.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects, the invention provides the slow-release soil conditioner which can improve nutrient substances in soil, can efficiently decompose the nutrient substances without being damaged by external factors, and avoids burning of straws.
The technical scheme adopted for realizing the purpose of the invention is as follows: a slow-release soil conditioner is prepared from 12-14 parts of a compound organic fertilizer, 72-77 parts of green plant straws, 6-9 parts of pine needles, 2-4 parts of polyacrylamide and 1-2 parts of a multifunctional microbial inoculum by natural fermentation.
Further, the slow-release soil conditioner comprises 13.3 parts of a compound organic fertilizer, 75 parts of green plant straws, 8.3 parts of pine needles, 2.2 parts of polyacrylamide and 1.2 parts of a multifunctional microbial inoculum by weight parts, and is prepared by natural fermentation.
Further, in the slow-release soil conditioner, the compound organic fertilizer is animal manure.
Furthermore, in the slow-release soil conditioner, the green-planted straws are crop straws discarded in a farmland or plant straws left after a medicinal land is harvested.
Furthermore, the green plant straw is a mixture of plant straws left after harvesting platycodon grandiflorum, pearl plum, spiraea ulmaria and wormwood.
Further, the pine needles are decomposed pine needles with a thickness of less than 5cm on the ground surface of the larch forest.
Further, the multifunctional microbial agent is a mixture of an EM microbial agent and bacillus subtilis according to a mass ratio of 4: 1.
A preparation method of a slow-release soil conditioner comprises the following steps:
1) adding an agricultural disinfectant into the livestock manure, and uniformly stirring to obtain a compound organic fertilizer;
2) uniformly mixing the EM microbial inoculum and the bacillus subtilis according to the mass ratio of 4:1 to obtain a multifunctional microbial inoculum;
3) taking the compound organic fertilizer, the green-planted straws, the pine needles, the polyacrylamide and the multifunctional microbial inoculum according to the proportion;
4) diluting the multifunctional microbial inoculum by 100 times with water to obtain a bacterial solution; the composite organic fertilizer, the green-planted straw and the pine needles are stirred and mixed uniformly, then the bacterium liquid and the polyacrylamide are added, the mixture is stirred uniformly, then the mixture is placed in a soil pit with the depth of about 50cm, a black film is covered on the mixture, and the mixture is fermented for 30 to 45 days under the natural condition from the middle ten days of July to 9 months.
The slow-release soil conditioner is applied to limestone matrix soil. The method comprises the following steps: the soil is turned over under the action of a shallow tillage machine, the slow-release soil conditioner is applied to a field about 10cm below the ground surface about one week before tillage, and the slow-release soil conditioner is uniformly mixed with the soil, and then the turned soil is filled back and leveled. Preferably, the slow release soil conditioner is applied to each mu of the soil conditioner by 250-350 kg.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the slow release soil conditioner of the invention has the advantages that the compound organic fertilizer consists of the feces of livestock and poultry, and N, P, K in the soil is adjusted; the green-planted straws provide organic matters and quick-acting nutrients required by plant growth for soil, and improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil; the pine needles are subjected to material proportioning to accelerate the fermentation and decomposition of the straws; the multifunctional microbial inoculum solves heavy metal and pesticide residues, degrades limestone and allows nutrition to be slowly released.
(2) The slow-release soil conditioner disclosed by the invention is different from the traditional mode in the utilization of the straws in the preparation process, the traditional mode is the mode of burning the plant ash, the slow-release soil conditioner disclosed by the invention is directly smashed and returned to the field, and the secondary pollution caused by burning the straws and the secondary damage of the added plant ash to the soil are reduced.
(3) The slow-release soil conditioner has the advantages that through reasonable proportioning, the release rate of nutrient components is about 30-40% higher than that of the traditional single straw organic fertilizer.
(4) According to the slow-release soil conditioner, by adding the polyacrylamide, the process that nutrients are polymerized to form zoogloea and then are slowly released can be achieved after the slow-release soil conditioner is applied, the slow-release effect is achieved, and the nutrients are more reasonably released.
(5) The slow-release soil conditioner reduces the generation of toxic factors in the fermentation process by adding the multifunctional microbial inoculum, and can degrade limestone components in soil.
(6) The slow-release soil conditioner has the advantages of simple preparation process operation, wide raw material source and low price, so the preparation cost is lower. And the product can be used after being crushed without operations such as purification and the like, so that the preparation cost and the operation difficulty are further reduced, and the economic benefit is higher than that of the traditional modifier.
(7) Compared with the existing single modifier, the slow-release soil modifier has stronger supplementing and regulating capacity for N, P, K and other nutrient substances in limestone matrix soil, and reduces the loss rate of substance reaction; meanwhile, straw is prevented from being burnt to generate plant ash, and damage of unfavorable factors in the plant ash to soil is avoided.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows the effect of different amounts of the slow-release soil conditioner on the water content of soil in example 2.
FIG. 2 shows the effect of different dosage of soil conditioners on the organic matter of soil in example 2.
FIG. 3 shows the effect of different amounts of the slow-release soil conditioner on total nitrogen in the soil in example 2.
FIG. 4 shows the effect of different dosage of the slow-release soil conditioner on the fast-acting phosphorus in soil in example 2.
Fig. 5 is an engineering layout during the implementation of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Example 1A Slow-Release soil conditioner
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
1. preparing a compound organic fertilizer:
putting 40kg of pig manure and sheep manure into a container according to the weight ratio of 3:1, adding 10mL of agricultural disinfectant with the mass percentage of 5%, and uniformly stirring for later use.
2. Pretreatment of the multifunctional microbial inoculum:
3.6kg of EM microbial inoculum and 3.6kg of bacillus subtilis are uniformly mixed according to the mass ratio of 4:1 to obtain the multifunctional microbial inoculum. Diluting the multifunctional microbial inoculum by 100 times with water, and stirring uniformly to obtain a bacterial solution for later use.
3. Preparing green plant straws:
harvesting the medicinal materials, and performing idle green planting. The method specifically comprises the following steps: taking plant straws left after harvesting the blue flower platycodon grandiflorum, the pearl plum, the meadowsweet and the wormwood, and mixing the plant straws in a weight ratio of the blue flower platycodon grandiflorum straws: pearl plum straw: meadow sweet straw: and (3) smashing the wormwood straws in a ratio of 5:2:2:1, wherein the total weight of the straws is 225kg, and uniformly mixing the wormwood straws for later use.
4. Preparing pine needles:
25kg of decomposed pine needles with the thickness less than 5cm on the ground surface of the larch forest are selected for later use.
5. Preparing a slow-release soil conditioner:
digging a soil pit with the depth of about 50cm near the field, sequentially adding the compound organic fertilizer obtained in the step 1, the green-planted straw obtained in the step 3 and the pine needle obtained in the step 4, and uniformly mixing. And (3) adding the bacterial liquid obtained in the step (2) and 6.6kg of polyacrylamide, uniformly mixing, covering a black film, and fermenting for 30-45 days under natural conditions between the middle ten days of July and 9 months to obtain the slow-release soil conditioner.
Example 2
The method comprises the following steps:
and (3) carrying out laboratory pilot plant experiment, selecting Trifolium repens seeds, taking 40kg of limestone matrix soil in fields of Benxi, Toyomen and villages, averagely dividing the Trifolium repens into 10 parts, wherein one part is blank, the other 9 parts are randomly divided into 3 groups, each group comprises 3 parts, 100g, 150g and 200g of the modifying agent are respectively added into each group, and the adding depth of the modifying agent in each group is respectively about 5cm, 10cm and 15cm under the soil. Then watering, and then taking a soil sample at 30/60/90/120 days respectively to detect the soil moisture content, the soil organic matter, the soil total nitrogen and the soil quick-acting phosphorus, wherein the results are shown in figures 1-4.
(II) results of the experiment
1. The results of the soil moisture content are shown in figure 1, and as can be seen from figure 1, the water retention capacity, namely the moisture content is 200g in the t8 group, the optimum position is 10cm, 150g in the t5 group, the position is next to 10cm, the water retention capacity is improved by about one time compared with the original soil, and the water content reaches the peak value in about 120 days, so that the water retention capacity plays a good slow release role.
2. The content of organic matters in the soil is measured by a potassium dichromate volumetric method-external heating method, and the result is shown in figure 2, as can be seen from figure 2, the organic matters are stably improved along with the increase of the dosage of the slow-release soil conditioner, and the effect of the conditioner is optimal at t7 groups of 200g and 5cm before 30 days; 150g of the t5 group in 30-90 days, and the 10cm modifying agent has the best effect; 90-120 days, 200g of t9 group and the best effect of 15cm modifier.
3. The total nitrogen in the soil is measured by adopting a Kjeldahl method (HJ 717-.
4. The result of the quick-acting phosphorus content in the soil is shown in figure 4 by adopting a sodium bicarbonate extraction-aluminum blue spectrophotometry, and as can be seen from figure 4, the effect of the modifier at 200g and 10cm in the t8 group is optimal, and the effect of the modifier at 150g and 10cm in the t5 group is the second time with the increase of the dosage of the slow-release soil modifier.
5. The pH value of the soil is as follows: the pH value of the soil is reduced from the original 7.8 to 6.8-7.2 by detection through an acidimeter method.
Through experimental determination, the 150g group and 10cm group of t5 group conditioners are selected to have the best effect and the organic matter in the soil reaches 54.35 g/kg by combining the problems of considering the effect and the cost-1Total nitrogen of 182.79 mg/kg-1Quick-acting phosphorus up to 81.19 mg/kg-1The survival rate of the seeds reaches 70.23 percent, so that the physical and chemical properties of the improved soil are obviously improved, the ecological benefit is improved, and the economic benefit of residents is improved.
FIG. 5 is a construction drawing in actual use, in which the soil conditioner of the present invention is applied to soil of a limestone base at a position of about 10cm below the ground surface.
The above description is only for the specific embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of the changes or substitutions within the technical scope of the present invention, and all the changes or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. The slow-release soil conditioner is characterized by comprising 12-14 parts of a compound organic fertilizer, 72-77 parts of green plant straws, 6-9 parts of pine needles, 2-4 parts of polyacrylamide and 1-2 parts of a multifunctional microbial inoculum by weight parts, and is prepared by natural fermentation.
2. A slow-release soil conditioner according to claim 1, characterized in that the slow-release soil conditioner comprises 13.3 parts of compound organic fertilizer, 75 parts of green-planted straw, 8.3 parts of pine needle, 2.2 parts of polyacrylamide and 1.2 parts of multifunctional microbial inoculum by weight parts, and is prepared by natural fermentation.
3. A slow release soil conditioner as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein said compound organic fertilizer is animal manure.
4. A slow release soil conditioner as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein said green-planted straw is crop straw discarded from farmland or plant straw left after harvesting of medicinal land.
5. The slow-release soil conditioner of claim 4, wherein the green plant straw is a mixture of plant straw left after harvesting of Platycodon grandiflorum, Callicarpa fragrans, spiraea crispa and Artemisia capillaris.
6. A slow release soil conditioner as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein said pine needles are decomposed pine needles selected from the group consisting of 5cm below the surface of the larch forest.
7. The slow-release soil conditioner according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the multifunctional microbial agent is a mixture of an EM microbial agent and bacillus subtilis in a mass ratio of 4: 1.
8. A preparation method of a slow-release soil conditioner is characterized by comprising the following steps,
1) adding an agricultural disinfectant into the livestock manure, and uniformly stirring to obtain a compound organic fertilizer;
2) uniformly mixing the EM microbial inoculum and the bacillus subtilis according to the mass ratio of 4:1 to obtain a multifunctional microbial inoculum;
3) taking a compound organic fertilizer, green-planted straws, pine needles, polyacrylamide and a multifunctional microbial inoculum according to the mixture ratio of the claim 1 or 2;
4) diluting the multifunctional microbial inoculum by 100 times with water to obtain a bacterial solution; the composite organic fertilizer, the green-planted straw and the pine needles are stirred and mixed uniformly, then the bacterium liquid and the polyacrylamide are added, the mixture is stirred uniformly, then the mixture is placed in a soil pit with the depth of about 50cm, a black film is covered on the mixture, and the mixture is fermented for 30 to 45 days under the natural condition from the middle ten days of July to 9 months.
9. The use of the slow release soil conditioner of claim 1 in limestone matrix soil.
10. Use according to claim 9, characterized in that the method is as follows: turning the soil by a shallow ploughing machine, applying the slow-release soil conditioner as defined in claim 1 to the field about 10cm below the ground surface about one week before ploughing, uniformly mixing with the soil, and filling and leveling the ploughed soil.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114958386A (en) * | 2022-06-10 | 2022-08-30 | 湖南省林业科学院 | Soil hardening improver for forest land and preparation and application methods thereof |
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