CN110741896A - Rain-sheltering cultivation method for famous and precious traditional Chinese medicine paris polyphylla - Google Patents
Rain-sheltering cultivation method for famous and precious traditional Chinese medicine paris polyphylla Download PDFInfo
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- CN110741896A CN110741896A CN201911145833.6A CN201911145833A CN110741896A CN 110741896 A CN110741896 A CN 110741896A CN 201911145833 A CN201911145833 A CN 201911145833A CN 110741896 A CN110741896 A CN 110741896A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/25—Root crops, e.g. potatoes, yams, beet or wasabi
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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Abstract
The invention discloses a rain-sheltering cultivation method for a famous and precious traditional Chinese medicine paris polyphylla. The cultivation method provided by the invention effectively controls the temperature and light conditions on the suitable cultivation land and the moisture through opening and closing the rain sheltering shed, avoids the problems that the pesticide residue of soil and medicinal materials exceeds the standard, the quality of the medicinal materials is seriously influenced and the environment is polluted because the pesticide is used for controlling the diseases of the paris polyphylla in rainy seasons, and ensures the normal growth, the yield and the quality of the paris polyphylla are not influenced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of planting of traditional Chinese medicinal materials, and particularly relates to a rain-sheltering cultivation method for a famous and precious traditional Chinese medicinal material paris polyphylla.
Background
Rhizoma paridis is an important component of Chinese medicine, and is a raw material of many Chinese patent medicines, a common medicine of a Chinese medicinal prescription and a common medicine of folk families. Rhizoma paridis is used as the medicine by root, has the effects of clearing heat and detoxicating, relieving swelling and pain, cooling liver and arresting convulsion, and is mainly used for treating difficult and complicated diseases such as carbuncle swelling, sore throat, venomous snake bite, traumatic injury and pain, convulsion and the like. The Chinese medicine rhizoma paridis is mainly from wild plants, and large-scale artificial planting products are not available. The growth period of the medicinal part of the paris polyphylla is long, more than 6 years are needed from planting to harvesting, the supply and demand contradiction causes the market purchase price of the paris polyphylla to be greatly improved, and the current purchase price reaches more than 1000 yuan/kg. With the rapid development of the traditional Chinese medicine industry, the market demand of the traditional Chinese medicine paris polyphylla is increased year by year, and the wild paris polyphylla resources are less and less in a scarce state due to long-term predatory mining. The artificial cultivation of paris polyphylla has become a necessary trend, and the artificial planting area is increasing in recent years.
The paris polyphylla is a paris polyphylla variety mainly cultivated in Yunnan, and paris polyphylla is a root-tuber plant sensitive to moisture, and is easy to cause diseases in rainy seasons to influence plant growth. In production, diseases are mainly controlled by pesticides, and the application of a large amount of pesticides has a positive effect on controlling the diseases of the paris polyphylla, but causes the pesticide residues of soil and medicinal materials to exceed standards, seriously influences the quality of the medicinal materials and pollutes the environment.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems that pesticide is used to control the diseases of the paris polyphylla in rainy seasons in the prior art, so that the soil and pesticide residues of the medicinal materials exceed the standard, the quality of the medicinal materials is seriously affected, and the environment is polluted, the invention aims to provide a method for controlling the growth of the paris polyphylla by a physical control method under a proper temperature and light condition and moisture, which can effectively avoid the problems that the soil and the pesticide residues exceed the standard, the quality of the medicinal materials is seriously affected, and the environment is polluted, and ensure the normal growth, the yield and the quality of the paris polyphylla.
In order to realize the aim of the invention, the provided rain-sheltering cultivation method for rare traditional Chinese medicine paris polyphylla is to build a rain-sheltering shed on a suitable cultivation land and select healthy paris polyphylla seedlings with suitable age to cultivate on the suitable cultivation land.
Specifically, the suitable planting land is slightly acidic land with an altitude of 1800-2600 m, annual sunshine hours of about 1000 hours, illuminance of 1000-3500 Lx, a temperature of 12-20 ℃, rainfall of 800-1900 mm and air humidity of over 75%; the following treatments were carried out:
1) removing weeds, residues and stones;
2) sterilizing, applying decomposed farmyard manure as base fertilizer, and deeply ploughing soil to form loose soil of a certain depth.
Specifically, the method for selecting healthy Yunnan rhizoma paridis seedlings with the suitable age to cultivate on the suitable cultivation land specifically comprises the following steps:
step S01: transplanting, selecting healthy Yunnan rhizoma paridis seedlings with 3 years of age, planting according to a density of 20 multiplied by 20cm, placing the top bud tips upwards, spreading the root systems, covering the soil with fine soil tightly, covering the soil moisture surfaces with fine pine needles, and watering sufficient root fixing water;
step S02: managing, namely reasonably fertilizing the paris polyphylla seedlings cultivated in the step S01, watering at proper time, regulating temperature control and comprehensively preventing and controlling diseases, pests and weeds.
The beneficial effects of the invention include:
by opening and closing the rain sheltering shed, the temperature and light conditions on the suitable planting land are effectively controlled, the moisture is effectively controlled, the problems that pesticide is used for controlling the diseases of the paris polyphylla in rainy seasons, so that the pesticide residues in soil and the pesticide residues exceed the standard, the quality of the medicinal materials is seriously influenced, and the environment is polluted are solved, and the normal growth, the yield and the quality of the paris polyphylla are not influenced.
Through effective cultivation management, the diseases of the artificially cultivated paris polyphylla can be reduced by 20-30%, the diseases are controlled to be 5%, and the disease index can be reduced by 50%.
The method has the advantages of simple operation, low cost, high benefit, small risk, land saving and environment protection, and provides technical support for breeding and large-scale planting of the paris polyphylla.
Detailed Description
Example embodiments will now be described more fully, however, they can be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein; rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the concept of example embodiments to those skilled in the art.
The invention provides a method for cultivating Yunnan rhizoma paridis by taking advantage of the advantages of effectively controlling the warm-light condition on the suitable cultivation land, effectively controlling the moisture, avoiding the problem that the pesticide residue of soil and medicinal materials exceeds the standard in the rainy season due to the control of the diseases of the rhizoma paridis by using the pesticide, seriously affecting the quality of the medicinal materials and polluting the environment, ensuring the normal growth of the Yunnan rhizoma paridis and ensuring the unaffected yield and quality of the Yunnan rhizoma paridis.
The paris polyphylla is a perennial herbaceous plant of paris polyphylla of trilobate of trillidaceae, has the habits of 'being easy to shade and sun, being easy to wet and dry', being easy to wet and concealed, and having great influence on the growth and development of the paris polyphylla due to environmental factors such as soil, temperature, illumination, humidity and the like. The fertilizer can grow well in loose and fertile loam soil with a lot of humus and high organic matter content in hilly land and climate, and has good water drainage. The cultivation method is suitable for growing in a region with an altitude of 1200-3100, the annual average temperature is 12-18 ℃, the rainfall is 850-1200 mm, the rainfall is concentrated in 6-9 months, the air humidity is more than 75%, and the annual average sunlight intensity is 100 W.m2Above, the hiding degree is maintained at about 70% in the growth process, and the scattered light energy hasEffectively promote the growth and development of the paris polyphylla.
The rain-sheltering cultivation method for the rare traditional Chinese medicinal material paris polyphylla comprises the following measures:
1. suitable planting area
According to the ecological characteristics of subtropical zones and the growth habits of the paris polyphylla, in regions with the selected altitude of 1800-2600 m, the annual sunshine hours of about 1000h, the illuminance of 1000-3500 Lx, the temperature of 12-20 ℃, the rainfall of 800-1900 mm, the air humidity of more than 75% and slightly acidic loam, the paris polyphylla is suitable for being planted by rain sheltering cultivation;
2. land leveling
Selecting a sloping field and a loose and fertile land, and carefully removing weeds, residues and stones; 50kg of quicklime is used for sterilizing land parcels per mu, 2500 + 3000kg of decomposed farmyard manure is used as a base fertilizer per mu, the soil is deeply turned over, and the soil loosening depth is 20-25 cm.
3. Building rain shelter
A rain shelter shed is built according to the terrain, a single or connected shed can be built, the span is 8-12 m, the length is 30-60 m, the ridge height is 3-4.5 m, and the shoulder height is 1.8-3 m. The top end of the shed body is covered with an arch film, the outer side of the shed body is covered with a 75% sunshade net, the opening and closing of the shed body are realized through a film rolling device, specifically, the side film of the shed body is controlled to be opened or closed through the film rolling device, and the effects of ventilation and temperature control are achieved.
4. Transplanting
Healthy seedlings with the seedling age of 3 years are selected and planted according to the density of 20 multiplied by 20cm, the bud tips of the terminal buds are placed upwards, the root systems are spread smoothly, and fine soil is covered tightly. Covering the dead soil surface with fine-grained pine needles, watering the soil surface with sufficient root-fixing water, regularly observing, and timely irrigating according to the situation to ensure soil wetting and seedling survival.
5. Managing
(1) Rational fertilization
And respectively fertilizing the Yunnan paris polyphylla in the seedling stage, the full growth stage, the middle and later stages, the flower and fruit stage and after seedling pouring. The fertilizer application is mainly carried out by organic fertilizer, compound fertilizer and various trace element fertilizers are supplemented, and the application amount of the fertilizer in the seedling stage, the flower and fruit stage and after seedling pouring is 1500kg of decomposed farmyard manure or 50kg of humic acid organic fertilizer per mu (the humic acid is more than or equal to 30g/L, N + P)2O5+K2O is more than or equal to 200g/L) and special compound fertilizer (N: P: K)15:15:15) and 10kg of potassium sulfate (potassium oxide is more than or equal to 52.0 percent, chlorine content is less than or equal to 1.5 percent, and sulfur content is more than or equal to 17.5 percent); wherein, the seedling stage is reapplied and the middle and later stages are moderate, and particularly the seedling stage is as follows: the fertilizing amount in the middle and later periods is as follows: 2:1. In the full growth period (6-8 months), applying fertilizer on leaf surface, and applying 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH) per mu2PO4≥99.0％、P2O5≥52％、K2O is more than or equal to 34 percent) or 100 times of amino acid water-soluble fertilizer (the amino acid is more than or equal to 100g/L, the Ca is more than or equal to 30g/L), the foliage spraying is carried out in sunny days and windless days, the spraying is carried out once every 15 days for 4 times, the plant growth is promoted, the maturing rate is improved, and the full grain is promoted. Wherein, the middle and later period refers to the period from the full growth period to the flowering period; the fertilizer is applied by broadcasting or watering.
(2) Watering in good time
And (3) in the positive value seedling falling period of the paris polyphylla from 11 months to 2 months of the next year, the period is dry and rainless, the paris polyphylla is watered by sprinkling at least 1 time every week for 30-60 min, and the soil humidity is controlled to be about 30-40%. In 3-5 months, the paris polyphylla from the seedling emergence stage to the bolting stage has high water demand, and depending on the rainfall condition, the paris polyphylla is irrigated by sprinkling for 1 time every week for 60-120 min, the soil humidity is controlled to be about 40%, and the air relative humidity is controlled to be about 75%. In the centralized rainfall period of 6-8 months, sprinkling irrigation needs to be carried out timely by detecting the water content of soil, sprinkling irrigation is carried out for 1 time in 10-15 days generally, the sprinkling irrigation lasts for about 30min, and when the rainfall weather lasts for several days, the side film needs to be controlled to be in a closed state in time through the film rolling device, so that the phenomenon that the air and the soil humidity in the shed are too high due to excessive rain invasion is avoided, and the side film is opened in time after the rain stops to ventilate and dissipate moisture; the relative humidity of air in the greenhouse is about 70 percent, and the soil humidity is about 40 percent. In 9-10 months, the overground stems of the paris polyphylla begin to decline, the rainy weather is reduced, manual watering is carried out in time, sprinkling irrigation and watering are carried out for 1 time every week for 60-120 min, the relative air humidity is over 75%, the soil humidity is about 40%, the stem and leaf growth time is prolonged, and the growth and development of the roots and stems in the second year are promoted.
(3) Temperature control regulation
In the period from 12 months to 2 months, winter and spring next year, the temperature difference between morning and evening is large, the temperature difference at night is 2-4 ℃, the average temperature in daytime is 18-25 ℃, the temperature difference between 3-5 months, the temperature at night is 10-12 ℃, the temperature in daytime is 18-22 ℃, the temperature difference change is large, a greenhouse needs to be opened in daytime for ventilation and heat dissipation, the greenhouse needs to be closed at night for temperature increase, specifically, the greenhouse needs to be manually closed to increase the temperature in the greenhouse in the period from 20:00 in the afternoon to 12:00 in the next day, and the greenhouse is opened in the period from 10:00 to 20:00, so that ventilation. In subtropical rainy season with the value of 6-8 months, the temperature is suitable, but the rainfall is large and concentrated, the temperature at night is 13-15 ℃, the temperature in daytime is 17-20 ℃, the greenhouse needs to be opened for ventilation and heat dissipation in sunny days, and the greenhouse needs to be closed in continuous rainy days. In 9-11 months, the seasonal change causes the air temperature to gradually decrease, the temperature at night is 8-10 ℃, the temperature in the daytime is 14-18 ℃, the closing time of the greenhouse needs to be increased, specifically, the greenhouse needs to be manually closed to increase the temperature in the greenhouse in the time period from 18:00 in the afternoon to 10:00 in the next day, and the greenhouse is opened for ventilation and light transmission in the time period from 10:00 to 18: 00.
(4) Comprehensive control of diseases, pests and weeds
The principle of 'prevention is mainly and agricultural prevention' should be adhered to in the aspect of prevention and control of diseases, pests and weeds, and the specific measures are as follows:
① prevention and cure of disease
During the growth of Paris polyphylla, especially in the season of 6-7 months of high temperature and dampness, the disease peak period is the period of infection, and attention should be paid to the prevention and control of root, stem and leaf diseases. And (4) control measures: before setting, deeply tedding the land, killing germs, and spreading quicklime on the land to sufficiently sterilize; selecting healthy and robust seedlings; spraying 50% carbendazim and 500 times of wettable powder solution on the seedbed and the seedlings or soaking the seedlings, timely pulling out diseased plants after disease attack, and disinfecting diseased holes with quicklime; the land is timely dehumidified, waterlogging is prevented, and ventilation and light transmission are enhanced by opening the shed; applying decomposed organic fertilizer, exposing to sunlight, sterilizing with carbendazim, and applying.
② Pest control
The paris polyphylla is easily eaten by the polyphagia pests such as cutworms, wireworms, scarab and the like in the growth process, so that the whole plant is lodged and necrotized to cause virus diseases. And (4) control measures: timely ploughing and turning soil before field planting; carrying out physical trapping by using a trapping lamp; weeds in the field are removed, egg laying places of insects are removed, and insect population density is reduced; using sugar: vinegar: white spirit: water: 1, dipterex: 2: 0.5: 10: 0.1, mixing to obtain vinegar liquid, placing in a container, and placing in the field for trapping and killing cutworms and the like; and (3) uniformly hanging a pest sticking plate in the field to kill pests and the like.
③ preventing and controlling weed
The fast-growing weeds such as the sauerkraut, the equisetum vulgare and the aeroponica are seriously influenced on the growth of the paris polyphylla. And (4) control measures: in the seedling stage of paris polyphylla, pine needles or fine crushed fallen leaves with the thickness of about 5cm are covered on the moisture surface, and the effects of preventing and controlling weed cluster, preserving moisture and increasing fertilizer can be achieved by more than 85%. Artificial weeding is carried out in due time, the weeds gathered around the plants are pulled out in time, the occurrence of weeds is controlled, and chemical herbicides are used with caution or not.
6. Harvesting and reserving seeds
Selecting strong plants which grow vigorously and have no diseases and insect pests, reserving seeds, picking after the seeds are mature, removing seed coats, and storing with sterilized wet sand. Digging when overground part withers, avoiding damaging rootstocks as much as possible, removing soil, cutting off terminal buds 2-3cm below bud marks for reserving seeds, removing fibrous roots from the rest parts, washing with water, and drying in the air. Mixing the part with terminal bud with plant ash, cooling slightly to make the cut dry and hard, sowing into the ground as seed source, and harvesting after 3 years.
The temperature and humidity in the rain sheltering shed can be judged according to planting artificial experience, and when the temperature and humidity in the rain sheltering shed can be known more accurately, so that the opening and closing of the shed body can be controlled better and more accurately.
In order to realize the convenience of sprinkling irrigation, sprinkling irrigation facilities are also distributed in the rain shelter, and watering, medicine sprinkling and the like are realized by utilizing the sprinkling irrigation facilities.
The cultivation method of the invention builds a rain shelter on the suitable cultivation land, and selects healthy rhizoma paridis Yunnanensis seedlings with suitable age to cultivate on the suitable cultivation land; through two-year same-field comparison tests, the average disease incidence rate of the paris polyphylla planted by using a sunshade net is 25-35%, and the disease incidence rate of the paris polyphylla planted by using a rain shelter is 5%; the average disease index of the paris polyphylla planted by the sunshade net is 40.1 percent, and the disease index of the paris polyphylla planted by the sunshade shed is 20 percent, which can be reduced by 50 percent.
The present disclosure has been described in terms of the above-described embodiments, which are merely exemplary of the implementations of the present disclosure. It must be noted that the disclosed embodiments do not limit the scope of the disclosure. Rather, variations and modifications are possible within the spirit and scope of the disclosure, and these are all within the scope of the disclosure.
Claims (10)
1. A rain-sheltering cultivation method for a famous and precious traditional Chinese medicine paris polyphylla is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the steps of building a rain shelter on a suitable planting land, and selecting healthy rhizoma paridis Yunnanensis seedlings with suitable ages to be planted on the suitable planting land.
2. The method for cultivating paris polyphylla as a rare traditional Chinese medicinal material according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the suitable planting land is slightly acidic land with the altitude of 1800-2600 m, the annual sunshine hours of about 1000h, the illuminance of 1000-3500 Lx, the temperature of 12-20 ℃, the rainfall of 800-1900 mm and the air humidity of over 75 percent; the following treatments were carried out:
1) removing weeds, residues and stones;
2) sterilizing, applying decomposed farmyard manure as base fertilizer, and deeply ploughing soil to form loose soil of a certain depth.
3. The method for cultivating paris polyphylla as a rare traditional Chinese medicinal material according to claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that: the method specifically comprises the following steps of selecting healthy Yunnan rhizoma paridis seedlings with suitable ages to be cultivated on suitable cultivation land:
step S01: transplanting, selecting healthy Yunnan rhizoma paridis seedlings with 3 years of age, planting according to a density of 20 multiplied by 20cm, placing the top bud tips upwards, spreading the root systems, covering the soil with fine soil tightly, covering the soil moisture surfaces with fine pine needles, and watering sufficient root fixing water;
step S02: managing, namely reasonably fertilizing the paris polyphylla seedlings cultivated in the step S01, watering at proper time, regulating temperature control and comprehensively preventing and controlling diseases, pests and weeds.
4. The method for cultivating paris polyphylla as a rare traditional Chinese medicinal material according to claim 3, which is characterized in that: the reasonable fertilization in the step S02 is respectively carried out in the seedling stage, the full growth stage, the flower and fruit stage and after seedling pouring, and the application amount in the seedling stage, the middle and later stages, the flower and fruit stage and after seedling pouring is 1500kg of decomposed farmyard manure or 50kg of humic acid organic fertilizer, 20kg of special compound fertilizer and 10kg of potassium sulfate mixed fertilizer per mu; in the full growth period, 0.2 percent potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution or 100 times of amino acid water soluble fertilizer is regularly sprayed on the leaves per mu.
5. The method for cultivating paris polyphylla as a rare traditional Chinese medicinal material according to claim 3, which is characterized in that: the timely watering in the step S02 is performed by selecting one of the following conditions:
1) in the seedling pouring period, sprinkling and watering are carried out for at least 1 time every week for 30-60 min, and the soil humidity is controlled to be about 30-40%;
2) from the seedling emergence period to the bolting period, depending on the rainfall condition, sprinkling and watering for 1 time every week for 60-120 min, controlling the soil humidity to be about 40%, and controlling the air relative humidity to be about 75%;
3) in the full growth period, sprinkling for 1 time in 10-15 days for about 30min, controlling the soil humidity to be about 40% and the air relative humidity to be about 70%;
4) and in the stem recession period, sprinkling irrigation and watering are carried out for 1 time every week for 60-120 min, the soil humidity is controlled to be about 40%, and the air relative humidity is controlled to be over 75%.
6. The method for cultivating paris polyphylla as a rare traditional Chinese medicinal material according to claim 3, which is characterized in that: the temperature control adjustment in step S02 is performed according to one of the following conditions:
1) in winter and spring, the rain sheltering shed needs to be opened for ventilation and heat dissipation in the daytime, and the rain sheltering shed is closed for temperature increase at night;
2) in rainy seasons of subtropics, the rain sheltering shed is opened to ventilate and radiate in sunny days, and the rain sheltering shed is closed in continuous rainy days;
3) in autumn, the rain shelter is closed to increase the temperature within a time period of 18:00 in the afternoon to 10:00 in the next day, and the rain shelter is opened to ventilate and transmit light within a time period of 10: 00-18: 00.
7. The method for cultivating paris polyphylla as a rare traditional Chinese medicinal material according to claim 3, which is characterized in that: the comprehensive control of diseases, pests and weeds in the step S02 comprises disease control, pest control and weed control.
8. The method for cultivating paris polyphylla as a rare traditional Chinese medicinal material according to claim 7, which is characterized in that: the disease control comprises the following steps:
1) before field planting, deeply tedding to kill germs and sterilize;
2) spraying 50% carbendazim and 500 times of wettable powder solution or soaking seedlings in the seedbed and seedlings, timely pulling out diseased plants after disease occurrence, and sterilizing;
3) the land is timely dehumidified, waterlogging is prevented, and ventilation and light transmission are enhanced by opening the shed;
4) applying decomposed organic fertilizer, exposing to sunlight, sterilizing with carbendazim, and applying.
9. The method for cultivating paris polyphylla as a rare traditional Chinese medicinal material according to claim 7, which is characterized in that: the pest control includes one or more of the following control measures:
1) timely ploughing and turning soil before field planting;
2) carrying out physical trapping by using a trapping lamp;
3) removing weeds in the field and removing the egg laying place of the worms;
4) using sugar: vinegar: white spirit: water: 1, dipterex: 2: 0.5: 10: 0.1, mixing to obtain vinegar liquid, filling into a container, and placing in a field;
5) the insect sticking plate is evenly hung in the field.
10. The method for cultivating paris polyphylla as a rare traditional Chinese medicinal material according to claim 7, which is characterized in that: the weed control is to cover a certain thickness of pine needles or fine broken leaves on the soil moisture surface during the seedling falling period of the paris polyphylla, or to artificially weed.
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