CN110731256A - Planting technology for soilless tomatoes - Google Patents
Planting technology for soilless tomatoes Download PDFInfo
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- CN110731256A CN110731256A CN201810718856.0A CN201810718856A CN110731256A CN 110731256 A CN110731256 A CN 110731256A CN 201810718856 A CN201810718856 A CN 201810718856A CN 110731256 A CN110731256 A CN 110731256A
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- tomato
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- seedling
- tomatoes
- soilless
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B1/00—Superphosphates, i.e. fertilisers produced by reacting rock or bone phosphates with sulfuric or phosphoric acid in such amounts and concentrations as to yield solid products directly
- C05B1/02—Superphosphates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a planting technology for soilless tomato cultivation, which comprises the following steps of S1, seed selection and sterilization, wherein when tomato seeds are selected, infinite growth type tomato seeds are selected firstly, when the tomato seeds are planted in winter and spring, low temperature resistant and weak light resistant varieties are selected, meanwhile, varieties resisting tobacco mosaic virus, leaf mold and bacterial wilt need to be selected, when the tomato seeds are sterilized, the dried tomato seeds are placed in a drying box at 60 ℃ for dry heat treatment for 3 days, then the dried and hot tomato seeds are soaked in hot water at 60 ℃ for 25 minutes, and after the soaking is finished, the tomato seeds are placed in a 1% potassium permanganate solution for soaking for 30 minutes.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of medical instruments, in particular to a planting technology for soilless tomato cultivation.
Background
Soilless culture refers to a culture method in which plants are fixed by using media such as water, grass carbon or forest leaf-rotting soil, vermiculite and the like as a matrix of plant roots, and the plant roots can be in direct contact with a nutrient solution.
The tomato is also called tomato, is deeply popular with people, including Diospyros kaki, ancient June persimmon and Xiannewspaper, the fruit is rich in nutrition and has special flavor, and the tomato can be eaten raw, cooked and processed into tomato sauce, juice or canned in the whole fruit, and the tomato is which is the most popular vegetable in the world cultivation.
However, the traditional tomato soilless culture technology has disadvantages in the operation process, such as:
the components of the nutrient solution used by the traditional tomato soilless culture planting technology are not changed in each growth cycle of the tomato, but the nutrient substances required by the tomato in the flowering and fruiting period are far higher than those required by the tomato in the seedling period, so that the traditional west red soilless culture planting technology does not purposefully add more proper trace elements into the tomato nutrient solution, the growth of the tomato plant is limited, the comprehensive nutrient substances cannot be taken, and the taste of the tomato is poor.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a planting technology for soilless tomato cultivation, which aims to solve the problems in the background technology.
In order to realize the aim, the invention provides the following technical scheme that the planting technology for soilless tomato cultivation comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting seeds and sterilizing:
selecting tomato seeds of unlimited growth type, selecting low temperature resistant and weak light resistant varieties when planting in winter and spring, and selecting varieties resisting tobacco mosaic virus, leaf mold and bacterial wilt at the same time; when the tomato seeds are sterilized, firstly, the dried tomato seeds are placed in a drying box at 60 ℃ for dry heat treatment for 3 days, then the tomato seeds after dry heat treatment are soaked in hot water at 60 ℃ for 25 minutes, after the soaking is finished, the tomato seeds are placed in a 1% potassium permanganate solution for soaking for 30 minutes, and finally, the soaked tomato seeds are washed clean by clear water for later use;
s2, seedling culture and planting:
during seedling raising, pieces of clean gauze are folded and laid in a seedling raising tray, the number of the folded layers of the gauze is 3-5, clear water is uniformly sprayed on the gauze in the seedling raising tray to moisten the gauze, soaked tomato seeds are uniformly arranged on the gauze in the seedling raising tray in a 4cm multiplied by 4cm matrix, finally layers of moistened gauze are lightly covered on the arranged tomato seeds, meanwhile, the seedling raising tray is placed in a constant temperature box, the temperature is kept at 25-30 ℃, the seeds and the gauze are washed with clear water for 2 times every day to ensure the wettability and air permeability of the gauze in the germination accelerating process, whether the tomato seeds germinate or not is observed when the seeds and the gauze are washed, and the seeding is carried out along with the germination;
s3, cultivation management:
s31, seedling stage:
the method comprises the steps of adopting a seedling-stage nutrient solution prepared by unit measurement of 595mg/L of calcium nitrate, 605mg/L of potassium nitrate, 490mg/L of magnesium sulfate and 0.13mg/L of calcium superphosphate to cultivate the tomatoes in the seedling stage, uniformly spraying the seedling-stage nutrient solution in a seedling-stage matrix, keeping the seedling-stage matrix wet all the time, and simultaneously maintaining the temperature of the tomatoes in the seedling stage between 25 ℃ and 30 ℃;
s32, strong seedling stage:
replacing the seedling culture substrate in the planting container with a culture substrate, transplanting strong tomato seedlings, spraying a strong seedling period nutrient solution prepared by unit measurement of 1215mg/L of calcium nitrate, 42.1mg/L of ammonium nitrate, 205mg/L of monopotassium phosphate, 205mg/L of potassium sulfate, 395mg/L of potassium nitrate and 460mg/L of magnesium sulfate on the seedling culture substrate in the planting container to cultivate the strong tomato seedlings, keeping the relative water content in the culture substrate at 55-75%, and removing withered and yellow leaves and diseased leaves generated on the strong tomato seedlings;
s33, flowering and fruiting period:
cultivating tomato plants by using a fruiting period nutrient solution prepared by unit measurement of 425mg/L urea, 600mg/L diammonium phosphate, 435mg/L monopotassium phosphate, 670mg/L potassium sulfate, 6.44mg/L magnesium sulfate 500mg/L, EDTA sodium iron salt, 1.72mg/L manganese sulfate, 1.46mg/L zinc sulfate, 2.38mg/L boric acid, 0.2mg/L copper sulfate and 0.13mg/L sodium molybdate, and keeping the relative water content in the cultivation substrate at 55-75%; meanwhile, the nighttime growth temperature of the tomato plants is reduced, and the daytime growth temperature of the tomato plants is increased.
, soaking the tomato seeds in the S1 solution in 1% potassium permanganate solution for 30 minutes, then taking out, washing the tomato seeds in clear water for 3-5 times, completely washing the potassium permanganate solution on the surfaces of the tomato seeds, after the tomato seeds are naturally dried, soaking the dried tomato seeds in 100 times of 40% formalin for 30 minutes, and finally taking out the soaked tomato seeds and washing the tomato seeds clean by clear water.
, if the tomato seeds in S2 can not be sown in time after germination, the temperature in the incubator needs to be reduced to 5-10 ℃ to prevent the tomato seeds from overgrowing.
, the container in the S2 is a vertical square box with the diameter of 5cm multiplied by 20cm, and the top of the box is provided with a circular planting hole with the diameter of 2 cm.
, the seedling substrate is prepared by adopting grass carbon and vermiculite in a ratio of 5: 1.
, preparing the culture medium by using coarse sand, wheat bran and wheat straw in a ratio of 1:2: 2.
, in the s33, after the tomato plant is strong, the branches of the growing tomato fruits need to be supported and fixed, so that the tomato branches are prevented from being broken due to the fact that the weight of the tomato fruits is too large.
, the tomato fruit is bagged in the tomato seed setting period.
And , respectively spraying disease-preventing pesticides at the seedling stage, the strong seedling stage and the flowering and fruiting stage of the tomato plants in the cultivation and management process, wherein the pesticide spraying metering ratio in the three growth stages of the tomato plants is 1:2: 3.
, during the period of flowering and fruiting of the tomato, sodium hydroxide and phosphoric acid are used for adjusting the pH value of the nutrient solution during the period of fruiting.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the method, the seedling stage nutrient solution is added into the seedling culture substrate at the seedling stage of the tomatoes, the seedling stage nutrient solution is added into the culture substrate at the seedling stage of the tomatoes, the fruiting stage nutrient solution is added into the culture substrate at the flowering and fruiting stage of the tomatoes, the nutrient element types in the seedling stage nutrient solution are more than those in the seedling stage nutrient solution, and the nutrient element types in the fruiting stage nutrient solution are more than those in the seedling stage nutrient solution.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only partial embodiments of of the present invention, rather than all embodiments.
The invention provides technical schemes, a planting technology for soilless tomatoes, which comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting seeds and sterilizing:
when selecting tomato seeds, firstly selecting infinite growth type tomato seeds to enable the tomato to have higher income, selecting low-temperature-resistant and weak-light-resistant varieties when planting in winter and spring to avoid slow growth of the tomato caused by low temperature in winter and spring, and simultaneously paying attention to selecting varieties resisting tobacco mosaic virus, leaf mold and bacterial wilt to avoid the invasion of the tomato by the virus; when the tomato seeds are sterilized, firstly, the dried tomato seeds are placed in a drying box at 60 ℃ for dry heat treatment for 3 days, then the tomato seeds after dry heat treatment are soaked in hot water at 60 ℃ for 25 minutes, after the soaking is finished, the tomato seeds are placed in a 1% potassium permanganate solution for soaking for 30 minutes, and finally, the soaked tomato seeds are washed clean by clear water for later use;
s2, seedling culture and planting:
during seedling cultivation, pieces of clean gauze are folded and laid in a seedling cultivation plate, the number of the folded layers of the gauze is 3-5, so that tomato seeds can be sunk into the gauze, the tomato seeds can contact more water to promote germination, clear water is uniformly sprayed on the gauze in the seedling cultivation plate to be wetted, the soaked tomato seeds are uniformly arranged on the gauze in the seedling cultivation plate in a 4cm x 4cm matrix to facilitate germination of the tomato seeds, finally, layers of wetted gauze are lightly covered on the arranged tomato seeds to enable the tops of the tomato seeds to be soaked by the water to promote quick germination, meanwhile, the seedling cultivation plate is placed in a constant temperature box, the germination speed is accelerated at high temperature, the seeds and the gauze are washed for 2 times every day by the clear water, so that the wettability and the air permeability of the gauze in the germination accelerating process are ensured, whether the tomato seeds germinate or not is observed when the seeds and the gauze are washed, the seedling cultivation substrate is uniformly filled in a planting container when the seedling cultivation is fixedly planted, the planting container is arranged at the interval of 40cm x 40cm, the seedling cultivation substrate is placed at the center of the seedling cultivation groove, and the seedling cultivation groove is covered with the seedling cultivation substrate at the seedling cultivation depth of 1cm, and the seedling cultivation groove is opened, and the seedling cultivation groove is completed;
s3, cultivation management:
s31, seedling stage:
the method comprises the steps of adopting a seedling-stage nutrient solution prepared by unit measurement of 595mg/L of calcium nitrate, 605mg/L of potassium nitrate, 490mg/L of magnesium sulfate and 0.13mg/L of calcium superphosphate to cultivate the tomatoes in the seedling stage, uniformly spraying the seedling-stage nutrient solution in a seedling-stage matrix, keeping the seedling-stage matrix wet all the time, and simultaneously maintaining the temperature of the tomatoes in the seedling stage between 25 ℃ and 30 ℃;
s32, strong seedling stage:
replacing the seedling culture substrate in the planting container with a culture substrate, transplanting strong tomato seedlings, spraying a strong seedling period nutrient solution prepared by unit measurement of 1215mg/L of calcium nitrate, 42.1mg/L of ammonium nitrate, 205mg/L of monopotassium phosphate, 205mg/L of potassium sulfate, 395mg/L of potassium nitrate and 460mg/L of magnesium sulfate on the seedling culture substrate in the planting container to cultivate the strong tomato seedlings, keeping the relative water content in the culture substrate at 55-75%, and removing withered and yellow leaves and diseased leaves generated on the strong tomato seedlings;
s33, flowering and fruiting period:
cultivating tomato plants by using a fruiting period nutrient solution prepared by unit measurement of 425mg/L urea, 600mg/L diammonium phosphate, 435mg/L monopotassium phosphate, 670mg/L potassium sulfate, 6.44mg/L magnesium sulfate 500mg/L, EDTA sodium iron salt, 1.72mg/L manganese sulfate, 1.46mg/L zinc sulfate, 2.38mg/L boric acid, 0.2mg/L copper sulfate and 0.13mg/L sodium molybdate, and keeping the relative water content in the cultivation substrate at 55-75%; meanwhile, the nighttime growth temperature of the tomato plants is reduced, and the daytime growth temperature of the tomato plants is increased.
, the tomato seeds in the S1 are soaked in 1% potassium permanganate solution for 30 minutes and then taken out, the tomato seeds are placed in clear water and washed for 3-5 times, so that the potassium permanganate solution on the surfaces of the tomato seeds is completely washed, after the tomato seeds are naturally dried in the air, the dried tomato seeds are placed in 100 times of 40% formalin for soaking for 30 minutes, finally, the soaked tomato seeds are taken out and washed clean by clear water, viruses can be passivated, and the tomato seeds are prevented from being infected by the viruses.
, if the tomato seeds in the S2 can not be sown in time after sprouting, the temperature in the incubator needs to be reduced to 5-10 ℃ to prevent the tomato seeds from overgrowing and keep the nutrient substances in the tomato seeds not consumed.
, the container in S2 is a vertical square box with the diameter of 5cm multiplied by 20cm, and the top of the box is provided with a circular planting hole with the diameter of 2cm, so that tomato plants can grow out of the planting hole, and impurities in the air can be prevented from falling into the container to a certain extent in .
, the seedling culture medium is prepared by adopting grass carbon and vermiculite in a ratio of 5:1, more grass carbon can provide more organic substances for tomatoes, and seedlings grow faster.
, the culture medium is prepared from coarse sand, wheat bran and wheat straw in a ratio of 1:2:2, the wheat bran, the straw and other substances can be fully utilized, the influence of the straw on the environment is avoided, the environment protection effect is achieved to a certain extent at , air circulation in the culture medium can be increased through the straw and the wheat bran, and oxygen breathing at the root of the tomato is enabled to be smooth.
, in the s33, after the tomato plant is strong, the branches of the growing tomato fruits need to be supported and fixed, so that the tomato branches are prevented from being broken due to the fact that the weight of the tomato fruits is too large.
, the tomato fruit is bagged in the tomato seed setting stage to avoid the attack of birds and insects on the fruit.
And , respectively spraying disease-preventing pesticides at the seedling stage, the strong seedling stage and the flowering and fruiting stage of the tomato plants in the cultivation and management process, wherein the pesticide spraying metering ratio in the three growth stages of the tomato plants is 1:2:3, so that germs can be treated maximally according to the pesticide bearing capacity of the tomato plants, and the plants cannot be damaged.
, during the tomato cultivation process, sodium hydroxide and phosphoric acid are adopted to adjust the pH value of the nutrient solution during the fruiting period, so that the tomato plants grow healthier.
It is noted that, herein, relational terms such as , second, and the like are used solely to distinguish entities or operations from another entities or operations without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or operations, further, the terms "comprise," "include," or any other variation thereof are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a series of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (10)
1, planting technique for soilless tomato cultivation, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, selecting seeds and sterilizing:
selecting tomato seeds of unlimited growth type, selecting low temperature resistant and weak light resistant varieties when planting in winter and spring, and selecting varieties resisting tobacco mosaic virus, leaf mold and bacterial wilt at the same time; when the tomato seeds are sterilized, firstly, the dried tomato seeds are placed in a drying box at 60 ℃ for dry heat treatment for 3 days, then the tomato seeds after dry heat treatment are soaked in hot water at 60 ℃ for 25 minutes, after the soaking is finished, the tomato seeds are placed in a 1% potassium permanganate solution for soaking for 30 minutes, and finally, the soaked tomato seeds are washed clean by clear water for later use;
s2, seedling culture and planting:
during seedling raising, pieces of clean gauze are folded and laid in a seedling raising tray, the number of the folded layers of the gauze is 3-5, clear water is uniformly sprayed on the gauze in the seedling raising tray to moisten the gauze, soaked tomato seeds are uniformly arranged on the gauze in the seedling raising tray in a 4cm multiplied by 4cm matrix, finally layers of moistened gauze are lightly covered on the arranged tomato seeds, meanwhile, the seedling raising tray is placed in a constant temperature box, the temperature is kept at 25-30 ℃, the seeds and the gauze are washed with clear water for 2 times every day to ensure the wettability and air permeability of the gauze in the germination accelerating process, whether the tomato seeds germinate or not is observed when the seeds and the gauze are washed, and the seeding is carried out along with the germination;
s3, cultivation management:
s31, seedling stage:
the method comprises the steps of adopting a seedling-stage nutrient solution prepared by unit measurement of 595mg/L of calcium nitrate, 605mg/L of potassium nitrate, 490mg/L of magnesium sulfate and 0.13mg/L of calcium superphosphate to cultivate the tomatoes in the seedling stage, uniformly spraying the seedling-stage nutrient solution in a seedling-stage matrix, keeping the seedling-stage matrix wet all the time, and simultaneously maintaining the temperature of the tomatoes in the seedling stage between 25 ℃ and 30 ℃;
s32, strong seedling stage:
replacing the seedling culture substrate in the planting container with a culture substrate, transplanting strong tomato seedlings, spraying a strong seedling period nutrient solution prepared by unit measurement of 1215mg/L of calcium nitrate, 42.1mg/L of ammonium nitrate, 205mg/L of monopotassium phosphate, 205mg/L of potassium sulfate, 395mg/L of potassium nitrate and 460mg/L of magnesium sulfate on the seedling culture substrate in the planting container to cultivate the strong tomato seedlings, keeping the relative water content in the culture substrate at 55-75%, and removing withered and yellow leaves and diseased leaves generated on the strong tomato seedlings;
s33, flowering and fruiting period:
cultivating tomato plants by using a fruiting period nutrient solution prepared by unit measurement of 425mg/L urea, 600mg/L diammonium phosphate, 435mg/L monopotassium phosphate, 670mg/L potassium sulfate, 6.44mg/L magnesium sulfate 500mg/L, EDTA sodium iron salt, 1.72mg/L manganese sulfate, 1.46mg/L zinc sulfate, 2.38mg/L boric acid, 0.2mg/L copper sulfate and 0.13mg/L sodium molybdate, and keeping the relative water content in the cultivation substrate at 55-75%; meanwhile, the nighttime growth temperature of the tomato plants is reduced, and the daytime growth temperature of the tomato plants is increased.
2. The planting technique for soilless tomatoes as claimed in claim 1, wherein the seeds of tomatoes in S1 are soaked in 1% potassium permanganate solution for 30 minutes and then taken out, the seeds are washed in clear water for 3-5 times, the potassium permanganate solution on the surfaces of the seeds is completely washed, after the seeds are naturally air-dried, the air-dried seeds are soaked in 100 times of 40% formalin for 30 minutes, and finally the soaked seeds are taken out and washed clean with clear water.
3. The planting technique of soilless tomatoes as claimed in claim 1, wherein the temperature inside the incubator is lowered to 5-10 ℃ to prevent the tomato sprouts from growing too much if the seeds of the tomatoes in S2 are not sown in time after germination.
4. The planting technique for soilless tomatoes as claimed in claim 1, wherein the container in S2 is a vertical square box of 5cm x 20cm, and the top of the box is provided with a circular planting hole of 2cm in diameter.
5. The planting technology for soilless tomato cultivation as claimed in claim 1, wherein the seedling substrate is prepared by using grass carbon and vermiculite at a ratio of 5: 1.
6. The planting technology for soilless tomatoes as claimed in claim 1, wherein the culture medium is prepared from coarse sand, wheat bran and wheat straw in a ratio of 1:2: 2.
7. The planting technique of soilless tomatoes as claimed in claim 1, wherein the branches of tomato growing in s33 need to be supported and fixed after the tomato plant is strong, so as to avoid breaking the branches of tomato due to over-weight of tomato.
8. The planting technique for soilless tomatoes as claimed in claim 1, wherein the tomatoes are bagged during the maturing stage.
9. The planting technique for soilless tomatoes as claimed in claim 1, wherein during the cultivation and management process, the pesticide spraying for preventing diseases is carried out in the seedling stage, the strong seedling stage and the flowering and fruiting stage of the tomato plant, and the ratio of the pesticide spraying in the three growth stages of the tomato plant is 1:2: 3.
10. The planting technique for soilless tomatoes as claimed in claim 1, wherein during the tomato cultivation, sodium hydroxide and phosphoric acid are used to adjust the pH of the nutrient solution during the fruiting period.
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2018
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| RU2065691C1 (en) * | 1992-06-23 | 1996-08-27 | Малое Предприятие "Патент" Всесоюзного Центрального Научно-Исследовательского И Проектного Института "Гипронисельпром" | Multiple-stage hydroponic method for tomato growing |
| CN101822164A (en) * | 2010-05-18 | 2010-09-08 | 浙江林学院 | Cultivation method of tomatoes with high nutriment content |
| CN102060599A (en) * | 2010-07-26 | 2011-05-18 | 西北农林科技大学 | Formula and preparation method of tomato sand soilless cultivation composite medium |
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| CN105519420A (en) * | 2016-01-07 | 2016-04-27 | 福建农林大学 | Cherry tomato soilless cultivation method |
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