JPH04166018A - Method for cultivating plant - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To give a high rooting rate in a plant raised and subsequently transplanted, accelerate the growth of an ornamental foliage plant or promote the growth of the root of lawn grass by applying VA mycorrhiza bacteria, when the plant is cultivated. CONSTITUTION:When a plant is cultivated, VA mycorrhiza bacteria (e.g. the Glomus bacteria or the Gigaspora bacteria) is applied to the plant. The plant is preferably a seedling, a sowed, raised, transplanted and cultured plant, a vegetatively propagated plant, a berbaceously cut and propagated plant, a flowering plant, the Gentianaeae plant, the Compositae plant, the Solanaceae plant, a lawn grass, or a tea plant.

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] [Industrial Application Field] The present invention relates to a method for cultivating plants, and more specifically, in cultivating plants, by applying VA mycorrhizal fungi, plants that require transplant cultivation can be grown. The present invention relates to a method of cultivating plants that improves the establishment rate after transplantation, promotes flowering and increases the number of flower buds in the case of plants that bloom, and generally promotes the growth of plants.

[Prior art, invention or problem to be solved] Plant cultivation methods can be broadly divided into cultivation methods by direct sowing;
There is a method of growing seedlings by cuttings or by sowing seeds in a seeding box and then transplanting the seedlings. Cultivation by transplanting has the problem of low establishment rate due to shock caused by the difference between the soil environment before and after transplanting, and damage to roots caused by the transplanting process.

There are several ways to increase the establishment rate after transplanting, such as ■ being careful not to cut the roots when transplanting, ■ disinfecting the roots with a fungicide when transplanting, and ■ adopting seedling raising methods such as plug seedlings that do not cut the roots. In particular, method (■) is effective and has become popular in recent years. However, although plug seedlings are easy to handle, the roots of seedlings that are wrapped around the roots are difficult to extend even after transplanting, and growth may be extremely delayed. For this reason, some seedlings with roots may be cut off before being transplanted.

In addition, in the agriculture and horticultural industries, so-called forced cultivation, in which crops, flowers, etc., are harvested early and shipped in a high value-added state is widely practiced. Methods for accelerating flowering and shipping time include adjusting day length by cultivating short-day or long-day plants, controlling fertilizer components used in the cultivation of strawberries, etc., combining low-temperature treatment and heating, and unshiu mandarin oranges. Heated cultivation is known. Furthermore, there is also a method of using an ethylene generator. In addition, in the cultivation of flowers and vegetables, methods of regulating plant growth using chemical agents are also used to promote branching.

However, promoting flowering by controlling temperature and light has drawbacks such as high facility costs and high fuel costs. Furthermore, when using chemical agents, it is necessary to pay attention to the applied concentration and treatment timing, and if the method is incorrect, the plants may become poor, plant growth may stop, curdling may occur, or the fruit may not be fully produced. Chemical damage may occur, such as the inability to grow. In addition, flowering and flowering can be achieved by adjusting day length and using physical and chemical methods.

Some plants cannot be harvested earlier.

On the other hand, in addition to the major elements nitrogen, phosphoric acid, and potassium, plant growth requires trace metals such as iron, zinc, and copper, and if there is a shortage of these trace metals, deficiency symptoms may appear. For example, zinc deficiency occurs in citrus fruits, apples, peaches, tomatoes, and konnyaku.

Found in corn, etc. Although copper deficiency is less likely to occur than zinc, it has been observed in mandarin oranges and wheat. In addition, iron is related to the formation of chlorophyll in plants, and iron deficiency causes leaves to turn yellow and white, with symptoms appearing especially in new leaves and leaves becoming smaller. In addition to rice, this deficiency is often observed in eggplants, tomatoes, cucurbits, roses, mandarin oranges, etc. By the way, although soil contains nearly 10% iron, the amount of iron in its effective form is low. However, although soil normally contains enough iron to meet the needs of plants, ■ If the soil is neutral or alkaline, ■
Iron deficiency is more likely to occur when the soil is dry or salts accumulate, ■when phosphoric acid fertilizers are used extensively, or when crops absorb too much manganese and copper from the soil. Element Deficiency, Excess Disease, Published by Layoshige Fishing Village Cultural Association, p. 161, 1981).

Measures against iron deficiency include ferrous sulfate and iron chloride.

Methods include foliar spraying of iron citrate, injection into trees, and acidification of the soil by adding acidic fertilizers.

However, these measures tend to be taken only after the onset of the disease, and soil acidification may inhibit the growth of the next crop. Therefore, it is desired to develop a method that is safe, easy to apply, and sustainable, but there are also various problems with certain plants. For example, asters and other Asteraceae plants are prone to damping off This tendency is especially noticeable when a series of works is produced. There is no effective way to prevent this type of dieback, and conventional methods have been to suppress the occurrence by applying large amounts of organic fertilizers such as compost and chicken manure, and disinfecting the soil with chloropicrin or steam. It was just that.

Seedlings of Gentianaceae plants are grown by sowing or cuttings, but when seedlings are transplanted into open ground or pots, they often fail to take root and often wither or grow late. To counter this problem, cultivation methods such as planting in soil rich in organic matter and avoiding rain as much as possible have been adopted, but these efforts have not been effective enough.

Solanaceae plants also have the problem of being susceptible to damping-off during the young seedling stage, and research has been conducted on ways to control the disease using microorganisms, especially antagonistic microorganisms.
Pseudomonas, Streptomyces, etc. are known to be effective (Agriculture and Horticulture, Vol. 46, Vol. 1).
No., pp. 152-158, 1971). Another method of pest control is soil sterilization, but this method has the drawbacks of being expensive and complicated to operate.

In addition, tea plants are grown using seedlings or cuttings, but these methods require more than four years to reach harvest time, and several more years for full-scale harvest. Therefore, a method to effectively accelerate growth is desired. For this reason, there is a method of applying large amounts of fertilizer, but this requires consideration of root damage caused by too much fertilizer, which makes management difficult and does not provide sufficient effects.

Furthermore, in the case of turf grass, it is frequently cut to a height much lower than its original height, and is exposed to harsh conditions such as being repeatedly trampled on golf courses and parks. In addition, the more carefully managed it is, the more it becomes a single vegetation and is cultivated for a long time without tilling the soil. As described above, under harsh conditions, turfgrass loses its environmental resistance and becomes susceptible to diseases. In particular, golf course greens are under the most severe conditions due to sunlight, rising soil temperature, and tread pressure, so watering them to prevent them from drying up in the summer can cause
Root rot may occur. In order to prevent this root rot, it is necessary to have good drainage, and greens are often made of sandy soil, and the above-ground part is cut down, making photosynthesis insufficient, and the underground part is sandy, making it difficult for roots to develop and regenerate. It becomes defective. Such poor root development weakens the plant, and a method for developing roots even under adverse environments is desired.

N-(2,4-dimethyl-3-(1-lifluoromethyl)sulfonyl)aminophenyl acetimide (trade name: Embark) as a drug that stimulates the growth of grass roots.
It has been known. However, this drug is unstable in soil and has the disadvantage of being easily washed away by rainfall after being sprayed. Therefore, there is a strong desire to develop a method for promoting root growth that is highly stable and safe and does not adversely affect the natural environment.

[Means to solve the problem]

Therefore, as a result of intensive studies to solve the above-mentioned various problems in plant cultivation, the present inventors discovered that it is effective to apply VA mycorrhizal fungi and completed the present invention. Ta.

That is, the present invention provides a method for cultivating plants characterized by applying VA mycorrhizal fungi.

VA fungi are fungi that exist in soil, and it is known that their hyphae form mycorrhizae on the roots of various plants, and that the two coexist.

Examples of VA mycorrhizal fungi include Glomus
Genus Gigaspora, Genus Acaulospora, Genus Entropho-spora, Genus Sclerocystis.

Microorganisms belonging to the genus Scutellispora are known. These VA mycorrhizal fungi are
In addition to collecting from the natural world, the nutrient thin film culture method (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 55-1
18390), a method of culturing using charcoal fertilizer (JP-A-60-49717), a method of using organ-cultured roots (JP-A-62-19028), and the like.

VA mycorrhizal fungi may be applied to the soil before or after rooting of the plants. Plants can be planted in soil in various ways such as sowing, cuttings, cuttings, grafted bulbs, and plant tissues, but V
Mycorrhizal fungi A are applied before or at the same time as planting plants, specifically by mixing them with the soil, applying them in a layer under seeds, buds, etc., or applying them to the planting holes during planting. It is done by such things as Furthermore, if the plant is to be cultivated by transplantation, it can also be applied at the time of transplantation.

Infection of plants with VA mycorrhizal fungi may be carried out by known methods, for example at a temperature of 5 to 60°C, preferably 10 to 40°C.
It is carried out under the conditions of °C1 soil pH 3 to 9.5, preferably 4 to 7.5.

In addition, there are no restrictions on the plants that are the object of the present invention, such as seedlings, those that are grown by sowing and then transplanted, those that are vegetatively propagated, those that are propagated by cuttings, cuttings, grafted single bulbs, etc. There are some cultivated plants, specifically lisianthus, gentian, azamarindo,
Rainbow gentian.

Exacum, Gentianaceae with Gentiana, Chrysanthemum,
Asters, marigolds, cineraria.

Laudanthe, ageratum, gerbera, chrysanthemum,
Coreopsis, zinnia, calendula, dahlia, brachycum, sunflower, rudbeckia, cornflower, cosmos,
Asteraceae plants such as gazania and ammobium, eggplants, and green peppers.

Solanaceae plants such as tomatoes, shishito peppers, salpiglosis, and browarias, primulaceae plants such as cyclamen, primula, and primrose, serranium (belargonium),
Plants of the geranium family, such as geraniums and geraniums, cucumbers, watermelons, and melons.

Cucurbitaceae plants such as cucurbits and capocha; Prunusaceae plants such as Calceolaria, Snapdragon, Foxglove, Celsia, and Myrmus; Oxalaceae plants such as begonias; Acanthaceae plants such as delphinium, buttercup, Nigraceae, clematis, anemone, and Cucumberaceae; Anti-users , Forget-me-nots, Plants of the Campanulaceae family such as Oriental lily, Campanulaceae plants such as Campanula and Campanula, Sternus (limonium), Limonaceae plants such as Caspia, Perilla, Morcella, Coleus.

Examples include plants of the Lamiaceae family such as salvia, plants of the family Rosaceae such as roses, strawberries, and rowan, plants of the family Euphorbiaceae such as castor, plants of the family Linaceae such as linum, plants of the family Mallow such as hollyhock, and the like.

By applying VA mycorrhizal fungi when cultivating the above plants, it is possible to promote root elongation, increase branching, and promote flowering, as well as increase the number of flowers, the number of sounds, It can increase the number of fruits, accelerate the harvest time of fruits, improve resistance to soil diseases, prevent damping off, and increase the survival rate of seedlings after transplanting. Furthermore, it can also improve trace element deficiencies such as iron and chlorosis.

〔Example〕

Next, the present invention will be explained in detail with reference to examples.

Example 1 After mixing an appropriate amount of VA mycorrhizal fungi with 9p of potting soil mixed with equal amounts of ripe humus, vermiculite, and Akadama, 25×4
It was placed in a 0x10cm seeding box. Seranium (variety Niorbits Scarlet Eye) was sown in a striped manner in this seeding box, and cultivated for one month in a glass greenhouse (18 to 35°C). After that, we prepared 200 No. 2 vinyl pots with potting soil mixed with ripe leaf mold, vermiculite, and Akadama in a ratio of 1:1:1, and placed geranium seedlings grown in the VA mycorrhizal fungus seeding boxes in 100 of them. Ported.

On the other hand, the remaining 100 pots were treated with VA as a control group.
Geranium seedlings grown without the addition of mycorrhizal fungi were transplanted.

Next, these were cultivated in the greenhouse, and the number of seedlings withering was measured after 80 days. The results are shown in Table 1. As is clear from the table, the survival rate was significantly improved by applying VA mycorrhizal fungi.

, Table 1 VA mycorrhizal fungi Added spores Transplanted seedlings Damping off Rooting rate (
Number (pieces) Bacteria number (pieces) (%) Glomus moseae 8400 10
0 18 82 Survival rate - [
(Number of transplanted seedlings - Number of bacteria withering)/Number of transplanted bacteria]・Caledonium.

11 spores of Glomus fasciculatorum each
They were mixed in proportions of 50 pieces, 230 pieces, and 1530 pieces.

Spread this potting soil into commercially available polyurethane plug seedlings (
In addition, one cyclamen seed (variety: Fornax) was sown for each person. After sufficiently watering, the surface was covered with newspaper and the tray was left in a constant temperature bath at 20°C to allow germination. After sowing, plug seedlings grown for 110 days were mixed with mature leaf mold, Akadama, and cow dung at a ratio of 2:2:1, and then mixed with Magamp K (trade name, manufactured by Hyponex) at a ratio of 2 g/II. I transplanted it into a packed No. 2 vinyl pot. After that, the cultivation was carried out in a heated glass greenhouse so that the night temperature did not drop below 15°C, and after 60 days, the number of damping-off bacteria and the number of poorly grown seedlings (the number of leaves after transplanting was 3 to 5, (which is almost the same as time) was measured. The results are shown in Table 2.

Table 2 VA Mycorrhizal fungi E7) Transplant 1) Damping-off Poor growth
Survival rate G Bacteria count (bottoms) Bacteria count (bottoms) Bacteria count (bottoms) (%) Treated area 120 5 7 90 Untreated area 120 12 19 74
Survival rate - [(h) Number of transplanted plug bacteria - Number of bacteria withering - Number of poorly grown bacteria) / Number of transplanted plug bacteria 1 × 100 Example 3 In Example 1, begonia seeds were used instead of ceranium, and the seeds were sown separately. Afterwards, the seeds were cultivated in a seeding box for 40 days.

Thereafter, 10 seedlings each were grown in a No. 2 vinyl pot prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 in the seeding box containing VA mycorrhizal fungi and in a seeding box without the addition of VA mycorrhizal fungi (control).
0 plants were transplanted. After that, the glass greenhouse (18-35
℃), and the number of damping-off bacteria was measured 60 days later.

The results are shown in Table 3.

Table 3 VA Mycorrhizal fungi Added spores Transplanted seedlings Damping off Rooting rate (
Number (pieces) Number of bacteria (pieces) (%) Glomus moselyoko 8400 100 18
82 Example 4 Kogiku (small chrysanthemums) were cut into soil containing a mixture of Kanuma soil and Akadama soil at a ratio of 2:1. After 30 days, 48 seedlings were grown to approximately the same size.
Divide the books into 24 groups, take one book from each group,
It was divided into 24 sections in A section and 24 sections in B section.

A plastic container lined with a 120 x I 20 x 30 cm screen was filled up to 26 cm above the screen with a mixture of 7 parts of humus, 3 parts of Akadama soil, and 1.5 parts of plant ash. Four of these containers were prepared, two for the A section and the remaining two for the B section.

In the containers in Area A, 12 small chrysanthemum seedlings were planted per container, and at that time, 360 spores of Glomus moseae, Glomus caledonium, and Glomus fasciculatorum were each placed in the planting holes.

60 and 410 pieces were inoculated. On the other hand, seedlings were transplanted to control plot B without inoculating these VA mycorrhizal fungi.

The containers were placed in an outdoor glass greenhouse (IO x 5 m) and watered daily. The number of days in which five flowers bloomed for each plant was recorded for the plants in A and B, and the average number of days of flowering from transplantation was calculated. In addition, for the 20 plants in A and B, excluding two plants with an early average flowering date and two plants with a late average flowering date, the average values for A and B were further determined. As a result, the A area, which is the VA mycorrhizal fungus treatment area, was 46.
3 days, whereas in the control group B it was 581 days.
A large difference was observed between the two.

Example 5 After sterilizing ripe leaf humus with methyl bromide and thoroughly degassing, it was placed in a 25 x 40 x 10 cm seeding box.

Five grooves with a depth of 2 cm were made in this seeding box, and 1,200 spores of the VA mycorrhizal fungus Glomus caledonium were inoculated in each groove. Thereafter, about 1 cm of soil was covered, and 40 green pepper seeds (variety: Suzumito) were sown per furrow, and soil was further covered.

This box was placed in a greenhouse (18-27°C) and seedlings were raised for 25 days. On the other hand, for comparison, green pepper seedlings were raised in the same manner except that VA mycorrhizal fungi were not inoculated.

The same soil used for sowing was placed in a No. 3 plastic pot, and the seedlings were transplanted one needle per needle. After raising the seedlings for 40 days, they were planted in a vinyl greenhouse in black soil. Flowering and yield were investigated for 10 seedlings infected with VA mycorrhizal fungi and 10 seedlings uninfected. The VA mycorrhizal fungus-infected seedlings flowered earlier and harvest began on the 102nd day after sowing, but the non-infected seedlings started flowering on the 102nd day after sowing.
The first harvest took place on the third day. On the 130th day after sowing, the number and weight of young plants harvested were measured, and the average value per plant was determined. The results are shown in Table 4.

Table 4: Number of harvested plants Weight (pieces/plant) (27 plants) Treatment area 20.6 447 Control area 14.5 312 As is clear from the table, the VA mycorrhizal fungus treatment area has an earlier harvest due to earlier flowering. or increased.

Example 6 Metromix 350 (product name, W.

(manufactured by Brace Co., Ltd.) and 1 part of Akadama clay was used. 400 and 620 spores of the VA mycorrhizal fungi Glomus moceae and Glomus fascitatum were inoculated per 11 pieces of this soil, respectively. Pour this soil into plastic connected pots (49 rows, 1 pot 3.5 x 3.
Anchusa (variety: Blue Charm) was sown in the pot (5 x 3.5 cm), and the seedlings were raised in this pot in a greenhouse for 55 days. Next, 50 No. 4 pots were filled with the same soil, seedlings were transplanted into these, and 20 g of oil cake per needle was applied as fertilizer. This pot was placed in a greenhouse, and liquid fertilizer was applied as needed for cultivation. The flowering status was examined on the 95th day. For comparison,
Seedlings were raised in the same manner except that VA mycorrhizal fungi were not inoculated at the time of sowing. The results are shown in Table 5.

Table 5 Flowering Bud Number of needles with no flower buds formed Number of needles Number of needles treated plot 26 16 6 Control plot 14 20 16 Example 7 Commercially available peat bread (trade name, Golden Peat Ban FH
-180,18X]3X2.5cm) after absorbing water,
Seeds of Calceolaria (variety: Anytime Yellow Spot) were sown on top of the seeds and placed in a glass greenhouse (20°C).
It was left for O days. After that, thin out with tweezers,
Cultivation was continued for an additional 40 days. During this time, I added the VA mycorrhizal fungus Glomus moceae to the soil mixed with Akadama soil and ripe leaf mold in a ratio of 2:1.

1150, 230 and 15 spores of Glomus caledonium, Glomus fasciculatorum, respectively.
They were added at a ratio of 30 pieces. Twenty No. 3 vinyl pots filled with this VA mycorrhizal fungus-added soil and non-additive soil were prepared, and the seedlings grown in the peat pans were transplanted. After that, the seedlings were left in the above-mentioned glass greenhouse and observed on the 50th day, and 18 of the seedlings in the area without the addition of VA mycorrhizal fungi showed a phenomenon of chlorosis in which leaves turned yellow and white, but with the addition of VA mycorrhizal fungi, the phenomenon of chlorosis occurred. However, only two plants developed chlorosis.

Calceolaria is a plant that is prone to iron deficiency, but by spraying a 01% solution of ferrous sulfate on the leaves of seedlings that have developed chlorosis, all strains can be treated with iron deficiency.
The green color returned after ~6 days.

Example 8 Soil 61 mixed with 1 part of Akadama soil, 1 part of vermiculite, and 1 part of humus! Seeding box (25X40X10cm)
3,200 spores of the VA mycorrhizal fungus Glomus moceae were uniformly scattered on the surface of the soil.

This was further covered with soil 31, and 80 seeds of geranium (variety Niobic White) were sown.

Seedlings were raised in this seeding box in a greenhouse at 25 to 32°C for 40 days.

After that, put the same soil as above in a No. 2 vinyl pot, and
0 seedlings were transplanted one by one into pots. Then 18-29
After growing the seedlings for 120 days in a greenhouse at °C, 30 seedlings were transplanted into 30 No. 4 pots filled with soil. After transplantation, 1
Seedlings are grown for 60 days in a greenhouse at 6 to 25°C, and the leaves of the trees are grown from the bottom.
The leaf length and leaf width of each sheet were measured, and the average value of 30 sheets was determined. In addition, during the cultivation period, Peters liquid fertilizer 20-20-20 (
The product names (W, R, manufactured by Brace Co., Ltd.) were given as appropriate. Also,
For comparison, geraniums were grown in the same manner except that they were not infected with VA mycorrhizal fungi as a control.

The results are shown in Table 6.

Table 6 Leaf length (cm) Leaf width (cm) Treatment plot 5.1 7.4 Control plot 4.0 5.9 As is clear from the table, the VA mycorrhizal fungus treatment plot has both leaf length and leaf width. It grew and the leaves became huge.

Example 9 Kogiku (small chrysanthemums) were cut into soil containing a mixture of Kanuma soil and Akadama soil at a ratio of 2:1. On the 25th day, 48 seedlings were grown to approximately the same size.
The students were divided into 24 groups, each group consisting of a book.

One tube was taken from each group and divided into 24 tubes in Group A and 24 tubes in Group 8.

A 120 x 120 x 30 cm plastic container lined with a screen was filled with a mixture of 7 parts of humus, 3 parts of Akadama soil, and 1.5 parts of plant ash to a depth of 26 cm above the screen. Four of these containers were prepared, two for area A and the remaining two for area 8.

In the containers in Area A, 12 small chrysanthemum seedlings were planted per container. At that time, 360, 60, and 410 spores of the VA mycorrhizal fungi Glomus moceae, Glomus caledonium, and Glomus fasciculatorum were placed in the planting holes, respectively. On the other hand, for comparison, seedlings were transplanted to plot B without adding VA mycorrhizal fungi.

Place this container in a glass greenhouse (16-35°C),
Watered daily. Sixty days after transplanting the seedlings, the number of chrysanthemum flowers on each plant was measured. The average value was calculated for 20 plants for A and B, excluding two plants with the highest number of flowers and two plants with the lowest number of flowers. As a result, in Ward A, 51 pieces/
In contrast, in Ward B, there were 36 books/book, and VA
The number of flowers increased significantly in the mycorrhizal fungi-treated plot.

Examples 1O and 11 Ripe humus was steam sterilized at 120°C for 15 minutes 9
1 was packed in a 40 x 30 x 10 cm seedling growing box.

Five grooves with a depth of 2 cm were made on this soil, and spores of the VA mycorrhizal fungus Glomus moceae were placed at the bottom of the groove at 1260 spores per pod.
A plot containing 0 spores (Archive A) and a plot containing 6300 spores (Archive B) were established, and at the same time, a plot containing no spores at all (Archive 0) was also created. Next, cover the spores with soil to a depth of about 1 cm, sow 200 eggplants (variety: Senryo 2) on top of the soil, water thoroughly, cover the seedling box with newspaper, and keep the seedlings at 22-28°C. Germinated in a greenhouse. After 10 days, the newspaper was removed and cultivation continued.

Next, sterilized leaf mold was filled into No. 3 vinyl pots, and 100 seedlings of uniform height 24 days after sowing were transplanted into each pot. Place the pot in the greenhouse (18-32'C) for another 4
After raising seedlings for 0 days, 60 seedlings of uniform size were transplanted to the main field. Harvest work started on the 12,525th day after sowing.
Harvesting was carried out every day until the 38th day, the harvest amount was determined, and the average harvest amount per tree in each area was calculated. The results are shown in Table 7.

Table 7 Examples Average weight Average number (g/piece) (pieces/piece) 10 (A section) 2120 39.1 11 (B section) 1990 35.8 Control (
0 area) 1380 23.9 As is clear from the table, branching is promoted by VA mycorrhizal fungal infection,
Since more flower buds are attached, the number of fruit set also increases, resulting in an increase in yield.

Examples 12 and 13 Ripe leaf mold was steam sterilized at 120°C for 15 minutes and packed in a No. 3 vinyl pot. The center of this pot has a diameter of 3 cm.
Holes were drilled and two pots were prepared, one in which 290 spores of the VA mycorrhizal fungus Glomus caledonium were placed in each pot (area A) and one in which 145 spores were placed in each pot (area B). We also created 50 pots in each ward. This was placed in a greenhouse at 14-33°C, watered, and when the soil surface was dry, water was given and left for 2 days.

After that, I sowed cucumber seeds (variety: Arctic No. 1), and
Seedlings were raised for days. Next, 42 fully grown seedlings were planted in open ground in each area, and poles were erected to attract them. 75 days after sowing
Since it became possible to harvest from day one, we harvested each day and measured the number and weight of the plants. Table 8 shows the results of the investigation over 30 days from the start of harvest.

Table 8 Example Total harvest amount Total number of harvested plants (kg)
(Book) 12 (A Ward) 218.6 274213 (B Ward)
220.6 2532 control (0th district) 2
00.3 As is clear from the 2236 table, VA
Mycorrhizal fungal infection promoted branching, resulting in an increase in lateral branches and flower buds, and increased yield.

Example 14 5 parts humus, 1 part black soil, 2 parts peat moss.

The soil is a mixture of 1 part of Akadama soil and 1 part of vermiculite. This soil 9j1' is placed in a seedling box, 9200 spores of the VA mycorrhizal fungus Glomus moceae are added, and after mixing, aster (variety: Pinocchio) is grown. 100 seeds were sown.

The seedling boxes were cultivated in a greenhouse at 20 to 28°C for 50 days to be infected with VA bacteria, and then potted into No. 3 polyethylene pots. The same soil was used, and 15 g of chemical fertilizer (10-1 O-10) was added per 20 A of soil. After growing in this plastic pot for 40 days, the planter (58X33X20c)
m, 38jl').

The planters were filled with soil to which 25 g of the chemical fertilizer (10-10-10) was added per planter, six planters were prepared, and eight seedlings were transplanted per planter. Next, this planter was cultivated in a greenhouse at a temperature of 22 to 34°C, and the condition of damping-off of the seedlings 60 days after transplantation was observed. In addition, for comparison, asters were cultivated in the same manner except that VA mycorrhizal fungi were not added at the time of sowing, and this was used as a control.

As a result, 5 out of 48 seedlings in the VA mycorrhizal fungus-treated area withered and withered, while in the control area without VA mycorrhizal fungi, 16 seedlings withered and withered. Root fungi showed a strong damping-off inhibiting effect.

Example 15 5 parts of Metromix (trade name: W, R, manufactured by Brace Co., Ltd.), 1 part of Akadama clay, and 1 part of sand were mixed and steam sterilized at 120°C for 5 minutes. Fill a No. 3 vinyl pot with this potting soil, make a hole with a diameter of 2 cm in the center, add 140 spores of the VA mycorrhizal fungus Glomus caledonium, and cover it with a small amount of potting soil. ) seeds were sown.

This pot was transferred to a greenhouse (21-28°C) and seedlings were raised for 32 days.

On the other hand, the soil was prepared by mixing 5 parts of ripe humus, 1 part of peat moss, 1 part of Akadama soil, and 1 part of sand, and steam sterilizing the mixture at 120°C for 5 minutes. Fertilizers and chemical fertilizers (10-10-1
0) were added at a rate of 1.5g per 1j2 of potting soil, mixed, and packed in a planter (33 x 58 x 20 cm).

Transplant the above-mentioned potted seedlings (2 to 3 plants) into planters (8 pots per planter), thin them out after 5 days, and
Eight seedlings were left behind. Cultivation continued for another 80 days in this planter. The test was conducted using 10 planters, and for comparison, asters were cultivated in the same manner except that VA mycorrhizal fungi were not added at the time of sowing, and used as a control.

As a result, in the VA mycorrhizal fungus-treated area, 8 out of 80 seedlings withered, while in the control area without the addition of VA mycorrhizal fungi, 32 seedlings withered.

Examples 16 and 17 A material containing VA mycorrhizal fungi was added to potted seedlings of Lisianthus (variety: ), Airy White, which had grown to a height of 8 cm, when transplanted into a vinyl greenhouse. That is, a predetermined amount of spores of the VA mycorrhizal fungi Glomus moceae, Glomus caledonium, and Glomus fasciculatorum were added to the planting hole. In addition, for comparison, a control area without the addition of VA mycorrhizal fungi was set up.

35 plants were planted in each area with VA mycorrhizal fungi added, and 30 in the area without additives.
The stock was planted. After that, normal fertilization management is carried out, and planting 3
After several months, the number of surviving plants in each area was counted.

As a result, as shown in Table 9, it was found that the survival rate of plants in the VA mycorrhizal fungi-added area was high, and the effect was higher as the amount of VA mycorrhizal fungi added was increased.

Table 9 Example Amount of spores added (number) Planting Survival Survival rate a
IU Number of shares Number of shares (%) 16 '360 60 410 35 20
57.117 720 120 820 35 26
74.3 Control 000309/30.0 Example 18 Metromix (trade name, W, R, manufactured by Brace) was used as soil, and VA mycorrhizal fungi Glomus moceae, Glomus caledonium, and Glomus fasciculator per 11 soils. 1150, 230 and 1530 spores of each species were mixed together. This soil 91 was placed in a seeding box (25 x 40 x 10 cm), watered, and then left in a constant temperature bath at 26°C for 7 days. Thereafter, 60 buds of gentian (variety: Shinkirishima) with 10 leaves were inserted.

On the other hand, for comparison, gentian cuttings were made in the same manner as a control group except that VA mycorrhizal fungi were not added.

Place this seeding box in an artificial climate chamber at a temperature of 23°C, and
Seedlings were grown for 4 days. Thereafter, the seedlings were picked up, the soil was washed with water to remove the roots, and the water was removed using filter paper, and the weight of the roots was measured. The total weight of 50 seedlings and the average value per seedling are shown in Table 1O.

Table 10 Root weight per 50 seedlings (g) Average value (g) Example 19.8 0.396 Control 15.4
0.308 Example 19 After adding 8,400 spores of the VA mycorrhizal fungus Glomus moceae to ripe leaf humus 91, a seeding box (25×40×IOc
m) and thoroughly watered. Next, the surface was covered with newspaper, heated at night so that the temperature did not drop below the minimum temperature of 20°C, and left in a greenhouse for 7 days. Thereafter, eggplants (variety Nisenryo No. 2) were sown in five rows in this seeding box, and the seeds were covered with newspaper for 10 days to germinate. After that, the newspaper was removed and the germination rate was measured. Thereafter, the seedlings were managed with the newspaper removed, and the number of dead seedlings that appeared 20 days after sowing was measured. The results are shown in Table 11.

Table 11 Number of seeds Germinated seedlings Dry-off seedlings Dry-off (plants) Number (plants) Number (plants) Rate (%) Example 22
1 146 42 29 control 226
As is clear from Table 117, 60, and 51, the VA mycorrhizal fungus-treated plots showed a remarkable suppressive effect on the occurrence of seedling damping-off.

Example 20 In Example 19, shishito peppers (variety
The procedure was carried out in the same manner except that the same method was used (Suiyama). The results are shown in Table 12.

Table 12 Number of seeds Germinated seedlings Dry-off seedlings Dry-off (plants) Number (plants) Number (plants) Rate (%) Example 17
7 134 8 6 control 176 14
9 36 24 Example 21 In Example 19, green peppers (variety:
The same procedure was carried out except that Suzu Midori) was used. The results are shown in Table 13.

Table 13 Number of seeds Germinated seedlings Dry-off seedlings Dry-off (plants) Number (plants) Number (plants) Rate (%) Example 16
3 153 15 10 control 152
110 22 20 Examples 22 and 23 In Example I9, Glomus caledonium or Glomus fasciculatorum was used instead of Glomus moceae as the VA mycorrhizal fungus, and the amount of spores added was 3300 for the former and 10100 for the latter. The procedure was the same except that it was made individually.

The results are shown in Table 14.

Table 14 Number of seeds Germinated seedlings Dry-off seedlings Example of damping-off (plants) Number (plants) Number (plants) Rate (%) control
222 130 54 42 Example 24 Disinfect Akadama soil with methyl bromide and put it in a plastic container (60X100
x 20 cm) to a thickness of 15 cm.

Along with these five containers, scions were taken one by one from each branch of an adult Japanese bush tree, and 25 scions were prepared in one section, with two leaves remaining per scion and the size of each scion was uniform.

When making cuttings, a predetermined amount of spores of different types of VA mycorrhizal fungi were inoculated under the scion. The plastic container containing the cuttings was placed in a greenhouse, and the top was covered with black cheesecloth. In addition, rapeseed meal, fish meat extract, and ammonium sulfate were applied as fertilizers.

The cuttings were dug up at 90 years of age after cutting, and 10 seedlings that had settled and rooted were taken at random, and the weight of the above-ground part and the weight of the roots were measured. The results are shown in Table 15.

Table 15 VA mycorrhizal fungi Inoculum amount Above ground average Root area average (
Number of spores/Scion) Weight (g) Weight (g) Glomus Moseryoko 420
2.56 0.98 Glomus fasnokicolatum 380 2.31
0.76g0mus caledoni f)mu
410 2.42
0.73 control
1.71 0.39As is clear from the table,
By adding VA mycorrhizal fungi, a remarkable growth-promoting effect was observed in both above-ground and root parts.

Examples 25 to 27 Sixteen Hugner pots of 115,000 a were prepared and filled with sandy soil. The particle size and composition of the sandy soil used at this time are as follows.

Coarse sand Fine sand Below silt pH 0.25~
2mm 0.05~0.25mm <0.05mm
84.2% 14.3% 1.5% 6.
The turf of Penncross bentgrass that was not infected with 4VA mycorrhizal fungi was extracted using a hole cutter with a diameter of 4 cm. Four seedlings were planted in each pot. In addition, when planting, spores of a predetermined VA mycorrhizal fungus were added to the planting hole in the test plot, and the VA mycorrhizal fungus was not added to the control plot for comparison. Prepare 4 pots for each area, and use liquid fertilizer (product name: Resident Liquid Fertilizer No. 1, N:P:Ni~15) after transplanting.
・6:6) diluted 100 times, 100ml per pot? Gave. After that, apply 50 ml of liquid fertilizer every 20 days.
ml and cultivated for 80 days after transplantation.

From the first week after transplantation, the above-ground part was cut to a thickness of 5 mm once a week, and the stems and leaves were removed. After 80 days, the plants were dug up, the roots thoroughly washed with water, and the above-ground parts were excised. 8 roots
After drying at 0°C for 8 hours, the dry root weight was determined. The results are shown in Table 16.

Table 16 Example VA mycorrhizal fungi Number of spores added Root weight 9 (pcs/
bot) (g/pot) 25 Glomus mosaeae 1520
3.0226 Glomus caledonium 480 2.812
7 Glomus Fut Sunkicolatum 1680
2.41 Control -1,87 As is clear from the table of average values for 94 pots, the growth of grass roots was promoted even in the pruned state by inoculating VA mycorrhizal fungi.

Examples 28 to 30 Sixteen Hugner pots of 115,000 a were prepared and filled with sandy soil. The particle size and composition of the sandy soil used at this time are as follows.

Coarse sand Fine sand Below silt pH 0.25~
21111110.05~0.25mm <0.05
mm84.2% 14.3% 1.5%
6.8 VAi Cut out the turf of Penncross bentgrass that is not infected with root fungi using a hole cutter with a diameter of 10 cm, cut it to a thickness of 3 cm, and use 1 piece per pot.
transplanted.

At the time of transplantation, spores of a predetermined VA mycorrhizal fungus were added to the planting hole in the test plot, and the VA mycorrhizal fungus was not added to the control plot for comparison. Prepare 4 pots for each area, and after transplanting, apply liquid fertilizer (product name: Resident Liquid Fertilizer No. 1, N:P: to 15:6:
6) diluted 200 times, 50ml per pot.
ρ was given. After that, apply 50ml of liquid fertilizer every 30 days.
The plants were cultivated for 90 days after transplantation.

Starting from the first week after transplantation, the above-ground parts were cut in seven steps once a week, and the stems and leaves were removed. After 90 days, the plants were dug up, the roots thoroughly washed with water, and the above-ground parts were excised. 80 roots
After drying at ℃ for 8 hours, the dry root weight was determined. The results are shown in Table 17.

Table 17 Example VA mycorrhizal fungi Number of spores added Root weight 1 (pcs/
bot) (g/pot) 28 Glomus mosaeae 1520
1.9829 Glomus caledonium 480 2.123
0 Glomus FuT Sushikicolatum 1680
1.74 Control −1.26″ As is clear from the table of average values for 4 pots, the growth of grass roots was promoted even in the pruned state by inoculation with VA mycorrhizal fungi.

〔Effect of the invention〕

When plants are cultivated by the method of the present invention, V
Since mycorrhizal fungi A are efficiently infected, plants that are transplanted and cultivated after raising seedlings can achieve a high colonization rate and promote growth. In addition, flowering plants can be promoted to flower, and plants susceptible to iron deficiency can be prevented from developing the disease.

Furthermore, for plants where large leaves are desired, such as ornamental plants, the purpose can be achieved by promoting the growth of the plants. In addition, it blooms more flowers, increases the yield of fruits, and prevents plants that tend to wither, such as Asteraceae and Solanaceae, to improve yields and increase yields. You can increase it. Furthermore, for plants such as Gentianaceae plants, which have a low yield at the time of transplantation, the yield can be improved and the growth can be promoted. Similarly, according to the present invention, the growth of tea plants is promoted, and the growth of roots of turfgrass is promoted, thereby increasing the amount of grass.

Therefore, the method of the invention is widely used in agriculture and horticulture.

Can contribute to fields such as landscaping and seedling industry.

(Issuance of procedural amendment) December 6, 1990

Claims (11)

[Claims] (1) A method for cultivating plants, which comprises applying VA mycorrhizal fungi. (2) The cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein the plant is a seedling. (3) The cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein the plants are cultivated by transplanting sown seedlings after raising them. (4) Claims 1 to 3, wherein the plant is vegetatively propagated.
The cultivation method described in any of the above. (5) The cultivation method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the plants are propagated by cuttings. (6) The cultivation method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the plant blooms. (7) The cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein the plant is a Gentianaceae plant. (8) The cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein the plant is a plant of the Asteraceae family. (9) The cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein the plant is a Solanaceae plant. (10) The cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein the plant is turfgrass. (11) The cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein the plant is a tea plant.