CN110725729A - 内燃机的热交换器 - Google Patents

内燃机的热交换器 Download PDF

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CN110725729A
CN110725729A CN201910953651.5A CN201910953651A CN110725729A CN 110725729 A CN110725729 A CN 110725729A CN 201910953651 A CN201910953651 A CN 201910953651A CN 110725729 A CN110725729 A CN 110725729A
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coil
heat exchanger
housing
core tube
gas
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CN110725729B (zh
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于尔根·施魏策尔
格尔德·盖泽
马库斯·比尔勒
马蒂亚斯·费尔巴哈
迪米特尔·彭纳
克里斯多夫·克林格
沃尔夫冈·克莱因
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Ebespech Exhaust Gas Technology Joint Venture
Eberspaecher Exhaust Technology GmbH and Co KG
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N5/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus combined or associated with devices profiting by exhaust energy
    • F01N5/02Exhaust or silencing apparatus combined or associated with devices profiting by exhaust energy the devices using heat
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/16Selection of particular materials
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/18Construction facilitating manufacture, assembly, or disassembly
    • F01N13/1838Construction facilitating manufacture, assembly, or disassembly characterised by the type of connection between parts of exhaust or silencing apparatus, e.g. between housing and tubes, between tubes and baffles
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/0205Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust using heat exchangers
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/04Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust using liquids
    • F01N3/043Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust using liquids without contact between liquid and exhaust gases
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28DHEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D21/00Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
    • F28D21/0001Recuperative heat exchangers
    • F28D21/0003Recuperative heat exchangers the heat being recuperated from exhaust gases
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28DHEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/02Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being helically coiled
    • F28D7/024Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being helically coiled the conduits of only one medium being helically coiled tubes, the coils having a cylindrical configuration
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28FDETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F21/00Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2240/00Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
    • F01N2240/02Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being a heat exchanger
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2240/00Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
    • F01N2240/36Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being an exhaust flap
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2310/00Selection of sound absorbing or insulating material
    • F01N2310/02Mineral wool, e.g. glass wool, rock wool, asbestos or the like
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2310/00Selection of sound absorbing or insulating material
    • F01N2310/04Metallic wool, e.g. steel wool, copper wool or the like
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2310/00Selection of sound absorbing or insulating material
    • F01N2310/14Wire mesh fabric, woven glass cloth or the like
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2410/00By-passing, at least partially, exhaust from inlet to outlet of apparatus, to atmosphere or to other device
    • F01N2410/03By-passing, at least partially, exhaust from inlet to outlet of apparatus, to atmosphere or to other device in case of low temperature
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2470/00Structure or shape of gas passages, pipes or tubes
    • F01N2470/24Concentric tubes or tubes being concentric to housing, e.g. telescopically assembled
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/28Construction of catalytic reactors
    • F01N3/2839Arrangements for mounting catalyst support in housing, e.g. with means for compensating thermal expansion or vibration
    • F01N3/2853Arrangements for mounting catalyst support in housing, e.g. with means for compensating thermal expansion or vibration using mats or gaskets between catalyst body and housing
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28DHEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/10Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged one within the other, e.g. concentrically
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28FDETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2235/00Means for filling gaps between elements, e.g. between conduits within casings
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28FDETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2250/00Arrangements for modifying the flow of the heat exchange media, e.g. flow guiding means; Particular flow patterns
    • F28F2250/06Derivation channels, e.g. bypass
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12Improving ICE efficiencies

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
  • Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及内燃机(1)的热交换器(18),用于在气流(8)和工作介质流(10)之间进行热传递,所述热交换器(18)具有围绕气路(38)的壳体(28)和至少一个导引工作介质通路(30)的盘管(29),所述盘管(29)设置在气路(38)内并相对于壳体(28)的纵向中心轴线(31)螺旋延伸。提高的疲劳强度由弹性外支撑层(32)而实现,所述弹性外支撑层(32)设置在所述壳体(28)和所述至少一个盘管(29)之间。

Description

内燃机的热交换器
技术领域
本发明涉及内燃机的热交换器,用于在气流和工作介质流之间进行热传递。
相关技术描述
在内燃机中、特别是机动车的内燃机中,热交换器被认为具有广泛的应用范围。例如,环境空气可流过的热交换器可被结合在引擎冷却回路中,以将热量从冷却回路移除,传递至环境中。此外,热耦合至引擎冷却回路的热交换器可经受内部隔间气流,从而以这种方式加热内部隔间气流。此外,如下的应用也是可行的,即热交换器被结合在内燃机的排气系统中以从废气中吸取热量,从而例如由此而加热机动车内部隔间或者从而由此蒸发废热回收回路中的工作介质。同样,增压空气冷却器和废气再循环冷却器是已知的,其中气流在工作介质流的帮助下被冷却。
如果热交换器被暴露至其相应应用的主要的温度范围内和/或主要的温度波动范围内,热交换器就会产生高热和机械负载。特别是在热交换器在气体侧被暴露至废气流或废气再循环流的情况下,所使用的热交换器在疲劳强度方面就存在较高的需求。机动车应用还由于振动和冲击而暴露至高负载。
发明概述
本发明旨在解决的问题是:就最开始所提出的热交换器类型提出一种改进的实施方式,其特征特别在于通过高的疲劳强度。
根据本发明,该问题通过独立权利要求的技术方案解决。从属权利要求的技术方案为优选的实施方式。
本发明基于这样的总体构思,即,对于壳体包围着气路的热交换器,通过弹性外支撑层将至少一个盘管安装在壳体上。在这种情况下,所述盘管被设置在气路中并相对于壳体的纵向中心轴线螺旋延伸。工作介质通路通过所述盘管引导,因此,气流和工作介质流之间的热传递最终通过在气路内设置盘管的方式实现。在这种情况下,外支撑层被径向设置在壳体和所述至少一个盘管之间。实际上,外支撑层在这种情况中在圆周方向上被完全周向地设置。通过使用盘管,盘管内的热膨胀效应就可以相对容易地被吸收,这是因为这些热膨胀效应主要导致了盘管长度上的变化,并且因此而基本上仅在轴向上有影响。此外,外支撑层确保了径向膨胀效应还可被弹性地吸收。在这方面,热交换器的疲劳强度可被相应地提高。
根据有利的实施方式,如果外支撑层在组装状态中被径向压缩在壳体和至少一个管内,外支撑层还可被用于使盘管相对于壳体轴向固定,这样就可以减少或者甚至省略其它的固定装置。
在另一种有利的实施方式中,芯管可被设置在优选为管状的壳体中,其与壳体的纵向中心轴线共轴地延伸。然后,气路径向地形成在壳体和芯管之间。相应地,至少一个盘管也径向延伸在壳体和芯管之间。芯管相应地包围支路,所述支路在所述至少一个盘管的区域内旁通气路。采用这种方式,在热交换器内形成两个相互平行延伸的气路,即一种是用于与工作介质热耦合(heat coupling)的实际气路,另一种是用于旁通这种热耦合的支路。对于运行状态来说,气流和工作介质流之间的热耦合是不需要的,因此,气流可以通过支路导引,这样,相应盘管的热负载最终被降低。根据有利的实施方式,支路可被流体连接至所述至少一个盘管的气路上游和下游。据此,气路和支路之间的流体耦合(fluid coupling)仍发生在热交换器的壳体内。例如,对于至气路的相应流体耦合来说,芯管可以具有中断或穿孔。
在另一种有利的实施方式中,提供了一个弹性内支撑层,其被径向设置在芯管和至少一个盘管之间。该内支撑层被完全周向地设置,特别是在圆周方向上。这样,通过内支撑层的方式,相应盘管可被芯管额外地支撑,其中,在这种情况下,内支撑层的弹性还可补偿热膨胀效应。根据有利的实施方式,内支撑层可被径向压缩在芯管和至少一个盘管之间,这样,内支撑层可被用于相对于芯管来固定盘管位置并由此固定在壳体内。
在另一种有利的实施方式中,芯管可以包括一个控制设备,用于控制支路的通流截面(throughflow-capable cross section)。在这样的控制设备的帮助下,气流可以近乎任意地分布在位于壳体和芯管之间的环形空间中的气路之上以及支路之上。在简化的实施方式中,控制设备至少可以开启和阻断支路的通流截面。然而,在优选的实施方式中,至少一个中间位置是可能的。特别地,多个或任意数量的中间位置可调,特别地无级可调,使得在芯管和环形空间之上近乎任意的流动分布成为可能。
在另一种有利的实施方式中,芯管可以在壳体的两个纵向末端延伸到壳体之外,形成壳体的气体入口和气体出口。这样,能够通过气体入口和气体出口,即通过芯管,将热交换器并入引导气流的线路中。在这种情况下,壳体可以被芯管支撑。
根据另一种有利的实施方式,芯管可由三个管部分而轴向组装而成,其中,入口部分包含气体入口,出口部分包含气体出口,控制部分设置在所述入口部分和所述出口部分之间,所述控制部分包括前述提及的控制设备。因此,就得到可以以特别简单的方式实现的结构,促进了热交换器的组装。
在另一种有利的实施方式中,至少一个盘管可以包含多个凸进气路的翅片。这样的翅片可以,例如,实现为环形圆盘的形式,多个翅片可被装配在盘管的中央管体上。或者,还可能在辐板(web)的帮助下实现翅片,所述辐板沿着中央管体螺旋延伸。在翅片的帮助下,气体和工作介质之间的热传递得到大幅改善。
在另一种有利的实施方式中,相应的弹性支撑层可以是陶瓷纤维垫或编织网或编织金属丝网或泡沫金属或泡沫陶瓷结构或吸收垫。复合结构也是可行的。相应的支撑垫可以被构建为单层的或者多层的。相应的支撑垫还可被构建为一件式的或者多件式的。
实际上,相应的支撑层可被构建为耐热的。
在可选的实施方式中,相应的支撑层可以利用弹簧元件和/或瓦垅形金波纹状金属片形成和/或通过弹性金属片层形成。
在另一种有利的实施方式中,相应的支撑层可以具有在暴露至气流的至少一侧上的支撑衬垫物(support mounting)。特别地,外支撑层可以由此而在其面向盘管的内侧上装备有这样的支撑衬垫物。另外地或者可替换地,内支撑层可以在其面向盘管的外侧上装备有这样的支撑衬垫物。同样可行的是,相应的支撑层可以在其内侧和外侧上均装备有这样的支撑衬垫物。此外,相应的支撑层可以被这样的支撑衬垫物完全覆盖。支撑衬垫物可以改善支撑层的机械强度。特别地,支撑衬垫物可以保护每个支撑层免于机械性磨损。
根据另一种有利的进一步改进,相应的支撑衬垫物例如可以是特别地经过滚压的,金属丝网或金属箔或石墨箔或石墨层或耐热纺织结构或耐热织物或金属编织或金属丝网或泡沫金属。前述实施方式的组合同样是可行的。
在另一种有利的实施方式中,支撑层可以包含纤维材料或者完全由这样的纤维材料构成。那么,所述支撑衬垫物被构建为实际上对于纤维材料的纤维是不可渗透的。通过这种设计,可以避免纤维从支撑层中露出,那么,就可以提高所述支撑衬垫物的耐久性。
在另一种有利的实施方式中,相应的支撑层可被构建为一个支撑垫,其在圆周方向上闭合延伸。所述支撑垫的特征在于其能够径向挤压,例如所述支撑垫可被用于相对于壳体或芯管来定位相应的盘管。这样的挤压可以通过支撑垫的方式永久地保持,甚至是在高温的时候,其中,与此同时,其存在足够的弹性以能够可逆地补偿热膨胀效应。这样的支撑垫可被用于,例如,定位催化转化器或者颗粒过滤器的金属、圆柱形壳体内的陶瓷载体。
在另一种有利的实施方式中,相应的支撑层可以与径向内侧和径向外侧相邻的元件相接触。此外,相应支撑层可被径向压缩。
相应的支撑层还可以进一步配置以使得其同时可以是热绝缘的。这样,外支撑层会导致壳体相对于气流热绝缘。内支撑层会导致芯管的热绝缘,从而使得向外的热辐射在支路模式中被降低。
本发明其它重要的特征和优点根据所附的权利要求、附图以及依据附图所做的附图描述而获得。
应当理解如上所述的特征以及将在下文中描述的特征并不仅仅用于各自所述的组合中,而且还可以应用于其它的组合或者仅单独使用,其均不会脱离本发明的范围。
本发明优选的示例性实施方式在附图中示出并在下述的描述中进行更加详细的解释,其中,相同的附图标记涉及相同的或者相似的或者功能相同的组件。
附图说明
在每种情况中示意性地示出:
图1高度简化的线路图,示意性地表示了内燃机,
图2热交换器的纵向截面图,
图3热交换器的等距放大视图。
具体实施方式
根据图1,内燃机1通常情况下包括具有多个燃烧室3的引擎模块2,用于将新鲜空气供给至燃烧室3的新风系统4,用于将废气从燃烧室3排出的排气系统5,以及用于利用废气所载热量的废热回收系统6。所述新风系统4中传导的新鲜气流7通过箭头来指示。所述排气系统5内传导的废气流8通过多个箭头来指示。废热回收系统6包括废热回收回路9,工作介质在所述废热回收回路9中循环,其中,工作介质流10通过多个箭头来指示。在废热回收回路9中,用于驱动工作介质的输送设备11、用于蒸发工作介质的蒸发器12、用于膨胀工作介质的膨胀装置13以及用于冷凝工作介质的冷凝器14被一个接一个地设置在工作介质10的流动方向上。
所述膨胀装置13例如可以驱动用于发电的发电机15。所述冷凝器14可被结合在冷却回路16中,其可被流体耦合和/或热耦合至用于冷却引擎模块2的引擎冷却回路17。特别地,冷却回路16可以由引擎冷却回路17的支路而形成。蒸发器12可以由热交换器18来形成,其被以恰当的方式组装在排气系统5内。这样,热交换器18应用在排气系统5内,用于在废气流8和工作介质流10之间进行热传递。废热回收系统6可以优选地根据克劳修斯——朗肯(Clausius-Rankine)循环工艺的原理来运行。通常情况下,排气系统5还可以包括至少一个废气再处理设备19,例如催化转化器或颗粒过滤器,以及至少一个消音器20。若所述催化转化器19为氧化催化转化器,在图1中被简化表示的热交换器18优选设置在催化转化器19的下游。
所述内燃机1,完全示例性地再现在图1中,还包括废气再循环系统21,在其帮助下废气可由排气系统5再循环至新风系统4。相应的废气再循环气流在图1中由多个箭头表示并被标记为22。为了这一目的,提供了废气再循环线路23,所述废气再循环线路23流体连接排气线路24和新风线路25,废气再循环冷却器26设置在所述废气再循环线路23中,在所述废气再循环冷却器26的帮助下,再循环的废气可以被冷却。为此,废气再循环冷却器26可被结合在冷却回路27中,所述冷却回路27同样可由引擎冷却回路17的支路或者单独的冷却回路而形成。废气再循环冷却器26与热交换器18类似。
参照图2和3,所述热交换器18的构造将在下文进行更加详细的解释,其原则上可被任意使用,然而,优选的是作为蒸发器12或者废气再循环冷却器26。
根据图2和3,热交换器18包括壳体28,其在圆周方向上包围气路38。壳体28被配置为,例如,圆柱形的,并且可由图3所示的两个半壳构成。此外,热交换器18包含至少一个盘管29,在所述盘管29的内部隔间中包含工作介质通路30,从而使得工作介质通过盘管29传导。盘管29被设置在气路38内并相对于壳体28的纵向中心轴线31螺旋延伸。
弹性外支撑层32被径向设置在壳体28和盘管29之间。
在壳体28中,还以以下方式设有芯管33,即,相对于管状壳体28的纵向中心轴线31共轴地延伸。在芯管33和壳体28之间,径向形成环形空间34。此时气路38位于环形空间34内。盘管29同样位于该环形空间34内,即,径向位于壳体28和芯管33之间。芯管33包围支路35,所述支路35旁通盘管29区域内的气路38。芯管33流体连接盘管29上游和下游的气路38。在图2和3的实施例中,在每种情况下,这是通过穿孔36的方式来实现,所述穿孔36在芯管33内形成。例如,穿孔36包括多个轴向定位延伸的孔或槽,所述孔或槽分布在圆周方向上。在这样的穿孔的帮助下,芯管33在支路35和废气通路38之间的流体连接区域内就不需要被中断。这样,特别是根据图2和3的实施例,就能够将芯管33设计为连续管。作为所述穿孔36的替换,为了产生气路38和支路35之间相应的流体连接,芯管33的中断在原则上也是可行的。
在芯管33和盘管29之间,径向设置有弹性内支撑层37。
在芯管33内还设置有控制设备39,在所述控制设备39的帮助下,支路35的通流截面就可被控制。在这里,控制设备39被设计为蝶形皮瓣(butterfly flap)40,在驱动轴41的帮助下所述蝶形皮瓣40可旋转地被促动。在这种情况下,驱动轴41横向地延伸至近似穿过芯管33的中心的纵向中心轴线31,并且所述驱动轴41可驱动连接芯管33外侧以及优选地壳体28外侧至促动器42。
在图2和3的实施例中,芯管33被设置成在壳体28的两个纵向末端延伸到壳体28之外,从而使得芯管33形成壳体28的气体入口43和气体出口44。除了圆柱形管体45,所述壳体28还包括入口通道46和出口通道47。所述入口通道46在气体入口43区域内将芯管33连接至管体45。流入侧的穿孔36位于入口通道46的区域内。在气体出口44的区域内,出口通道47将管体45连接至芯管33。流出侧的穿孔36位于出口通道47的区域内。在该实施例中,芯管33由三个轴向管部分组装而成,即入口部分48、出口部分49和控制部分50。入口部分48包括气体入口43以及流入侧上的穿孔36。出口部分49包括气体出口44和流出侧上的穿孔36。控制部分50包括控制设备39,并被轴向设置在入口部分48和出口部分49之间。
盘管29具有螺旋盘管体51,所述螺旋盘管体的外侧承载有多个翅片52。这样,翅片52延伸至气路38内。
支撑层32、37每个都可以由耐热的和持久弹性的材料来制造。对于这种目的来说不同的材料都是可以的,特别是纤维材料。特别地,相应的支撑层32、37可以是支撑垫,所述支撑垫在圆周方向上闭合地延伸。图3示出两个支撑层32、37,所述支撑垫在圆周方向上闭合延伸。在根据图2的组装状态中,盘管29或其翅片52与两个支撑层32、37之间存在接触。进一步的,所述外支撑层32与壳体28连接,同时内支撑层37与芯管33相接触。优选地,组装以这样的方式来实施,即支撑垫32、37被径向地压缩,即在盘管29和芯管33之间,并且另一方面在盘管29和壳体28之间,产生特定的径向预负载。
根据有利的实施方式,如图3所示,内支撑层37至少在其面向盘管29的外侧上装备有支撑衬垫物53。另外地或者可替换地,外支撑层32至少在其面向盘管29的内侧上装备有支撑衬垫物53。相应的支撑衬垫物53的特征在于,支撑衬垫物53具有比装备有支撑衬垫物53的支撑层32、37更高的机械强度。

Claims (11)

1.一种内燃机(1)的热交换器,用于在气流(8)和工作介质流(10)之间进行热传递,
- 具有壳体(28),所述壳体(28)包围气路(38),
- 具有至少一个盘管(29),用于引导工作介质通路(30),所述盘管(29)被设置在所述气路(38)内并且相对于所述壳体(28)的纵向中心轴线(31)螺旋延伸;
- 具有弹性外支撑层(32),所述弹性外支撑层(32)被设置在所述壳体(28)和所述至少一个盘管(29)之间,并且所述弹性外支撑层(32)确保径向膨胀效应可被弹性地吸收;
- 其中,壳体(28)中设置有芯管(33),所述芯管(33)与壳体(28)的纵向中心轴线(31)共轴地延伸,
- 其中,芯管(33)包围支路(35),所述支路(35)旁通所述至少一个盘管(29)的区域内的气路(38),
- 其中,所述芯管(33)包括控制设备(39),用于控制所述支路(35)的通流截面,在所述控制设备的帮助下,多个或任意数量的中间位置无级可调,使得在芯管和环形空间之上任意的流动分布成为可能;
-其中,气路(38)被径向形成在壳体(28)和芯管(33)之间,从而使得所述至少一个盘管(29)被设置在壳体(28)和芯管(33)之间,
- 其中,所述支路(35)通过上游连接和下游连接流体连接至气路(38),所述上游连接轴向地布置在所述至少一个盘管(29)的上游,所述下游连接轴向地布置在所述至少一个盘管(29)的下游,
- 其中,所述上游连接形成为穿孔(36)或中断(54),
- 其中,所述下游连接形成为穿孔(36)或中断(54),
- 其中,所述芯管(33)在壳体(28)的两个轴向末端上轴向地延伸至所述壳体(28)之外,并形成所述壳体(28)的气体入口(43)和气体出口(44),
- 其中,所述芯管(33)由三个独立的管部分轴向组装而成,分别是入口部分(48)、出口部分(49)和轴向布置在入口部分(48)和出口部分(49)之间的控制部分(50),
- 其中,所述入口部分(48)包括气体入口(43)和所述上游连接,
- 其中,所述出口部分(49)包括气体出口(44)和所述下游连接,以及
- 其中,所述控制部分(50)包括所述控制设备(39)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的热交换器,其特征在于,弹性内支撑层(37)被设置在所述芯管(33)和所述至少一个盘管(29)之间。
3.根据权利要求2所述的热交换器,其特征在于,
-所述弹性内支撑层(37)至少在其面向所述盘管(29)的外侧上装备有支撑衬垫物(53),
-所述弹性外支撑层(32)至少在其面向所述盘管(29)的内侧上装备有支撑衬垫物(53),
-相应的支撑衬垫物(53)具有比装备有相应的支撑衬垫物(53)的相应的弹性支撑层(32、37)更高的机械强度。
4.根据权利要求2或3所述的热交换器,其特征在于,相应的弹性支撑层(32、37)为陶瓷纤维垫或编织网或编织金属丝网或泡沫金属或泡沫陶瓷结构或耐温度材料或复合结构或吸收垫。
5.根据权利要求2或3所述的热交换器,其特征在于,相应的支撑衬垫物(53)为金属丝网或金属箔或石墨箔或石墨层或耐热纺织结构或耐热织物或金属编织物或金属丝网或泡沫金属。
6.根据权利要求4所述的热交换器,其特征在于,相应的支撑衬垫物(53)为金属丝网或金属箔或石墨箔或石墨层或耐热纺织结构或耐热织物或金属编织物或金属丝网或泡沫金属。
7.根据权利要求3或6所述的热交换器,其特征在于,所述支撑层(32、37)包含纤维材料,其中,所述支撑衬垫物(53)被配置成对于纤维材料的纤维是不可渗透的。
8.根据权利要求1所述的热交换器,其特征在于,所述相应的支撑层(32、37)被构建为支撑垫,所述支撑垫在圆周方向上闭合地延伸。
9.根据权利要求1所述的热交换器,其特征在于,相应的支撑层(32、37)在径向内侧和径向外侧与相应的相邻元件(28、29、33)相接触。
10.根据权利要求1所述的热交换器,其特征在于,所述相应的支撑层(32、37)被径向压缩。
11.根据权利要求1所述的热交换器,其特征在于,所述至少一个盘管(29)包含多个凸进所述气路(38)的翅片(52)。
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