CN110663595B - Tilapia breeding method - Google Patents

Tilapia breeding method Download PDF

Info

Publication number
CN110663595B
CN110663595B CN201911106684.2A CN201911106684A CN110663595B CN 110663595 B CN110663595 B CN 110663595B CN 201911106684 A CN201911106684 A CN 201911106684A CN 110663595 B CN110663595 B CN 110663595B
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
tilapia
water
culture
days
pond
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
CN201911106684.2A
Other languages
Chinese (zh)
Other versions
CN110663595A (en
Inventor
黎建斌
李大列
陈福艳
黄黎明
杨琼
吕敏
杨学明
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Guangxi Academy of Fishery Sciences
Original Assignee
Guangxi Academy of Fishery Sciences
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Guangxi Academy of Fishery Sciences filed Critical Guangxi Academy of Fishery Sciences
Priority to CN201911106684.2A priority Critical patent/CN110663595B/en
Publication of CN110663595A publication Critical patent/CN110663595A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CN110663595B publication Critical patent/CN110663595B/en
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
    • A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
    • A23K10/16—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions
    • A23K10/18—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions of live microorganisms
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
    • A23K10/33—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from molasses
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
    • A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
    • A23V2400/00—Lactic or propionic acid bacteria
    • A23V2400/11—Lactobacillus
    • A23V2400/169—Plantarum
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
    • Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
    • Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
    • Y02A40/818—Alternative feeds for fish, e.g. in aquacultures
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
    • Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production

Landscapes

  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Animal Husbandry (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Physiology (AREA)
  • Mycology (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Insects & Arthropods (AREA)
  • Birds (AREA)
  • Fodder In General (AREA)
  • Feed For Specific Animals (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a tilapia culture method, belonging to the technical field of aquaculture, and the culture method comprises the following steps: treating a culture pond, treating culture water, culturing algae and adjusting water, stocking tilapia fries, feeding tilapia pretreatment feed and three-yellow powder, adjusting water in the early stage of culture, adjusting water in the middle and later stages of culture and capturing tilapia. The method can effectively reduce the incidence rate of streptococcicosis of tilapia, increase the survival rate of the tilapia, promote the growth of the tilapia and improve the yield of the tilapia. The method for culturing tilapia mossambica does not use antibiotics, is ecological and environment-friendly, and compared with the prior art, the method for culturing tilapia mossambica can reduce the incidence rate of streptococcicosis of tilapia mossambica by more than 73.99%, improve the survival rate by more than 31.22%, improve the average molecular weight by more than 15.91% and improve the yield per mu by more than 52.23%.

Description

Tilapia breeding method
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of aquaculture, in particular to a tilapia breeding method.
Background
Tilapia is a high-quality fish variety recommended to be cultivated by food and agriculture organizations of the United nations all over the world, has the characteristics of quick growth, high yield, easy propagation, poor appetite, wide application, tender meat, delicious taste, no muscle thorns and the like, and is deeply welcomed by the majority of producers and consumers. However, in recent years, with the rapid development of the tilapia industry, the breeding density is increased, the breeding environment is worsened, the incidence of streptococcicosis of tilapia is more and more frequent, and the cross-regional circulation of tilapia is increased, so that the spread and infection of streptococcicosis are accelerated.
Three main methods for controlling diseases of aquaculture animals: medicine prevention and cure, ecological prevention and cure, and immune prevention and cure. For the prevention and treatment of streptococcicosis of tilapia, no legal vaccine is sold in the market at present, and the prevention and treatment are mainly carried out by a medicament (antibiotic) method, but clinical comprehensive curative effect results in recent years show that although the medicament has certain effect in the early stage of disease occurrence, the phenomena of continuous death and even quantity aggravation of tilapia often occur once stress conditions such as medicament stopping, material adding increasing, water quality deterioration, water temperature rising or catching occur, the prevention and control effect is not ideal, and the yield of tilapia is low.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a tilapia mossambica breeding method which does not use antibiotics, is green and environment-friendly, and can effectively reduce the incidence rate of streptococcicosis of tilapia mossambica and improve the yield of tilapia mossambica.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the invention provides a tilapia breeding method, which comprises the following steps:
1) treatment of culture ponds
Sterilizing the culture pond for 2 days, and adjusting the pH value to 7.2-7.8 to obtain a clean culture pond;
2) treatment of aquaculture water
Filtering and disinfecting culture water to obtain clean culture water, and injecting the clean culture water into the clean culture pond until the water depth is 1.8-3 m;
3) algae cultivation and water regulation
Applying amino acid water-soluble fertilizer or the organic-inorganic fermentation bacterial fertilizer in pool water;
4) fry of free-range tilapia
Stocking tilapia fries which are not infected with pathogenic bacteria of streptococcicosis of tilapia in a culture pond, wherein the stocking density is 1300-2200 tails/mu;
5) feeding tilapia pretreated feed and Sanhuang powder;
the feeding frequency of the tilapia mossambica pretreatment feed is 2 times/d, and the feeding amount of each time is 1.5 percent of the mass of the tilapia mossambica; during ordinary prevention, feeding the three-yellow powder for 1 time every 10-15 days, and feeding the three-yellow powder for 3 days for 1 time, wherein the feeding amount of the three-yellow powder for each time accounts for 5 per mill of the feeding amount of the pretreated feed for each time; the feeding frequency in the disease peak period is once every 10 days, the medicine is continuously used for 3 days, and the feeding amount of the three-yellow powder in each time accounts for 2.5 per thousand of the feeding amount of the pretreated feed of the tilapia in each time;
the tilapia pretreatment feed comprises the following raw materials: the tilapia mossambica feed comprises complete compound feed of tilapia mossambica, lactobacillus plantarum microbial inoculum, bacillus cereus microbial inoculum, molasses and water; the mass ratio of the complete formula feed for tilapia, the lactobacillus plantarum microbial inoculum, the bacillus cereus microbial inoculum and the molasses is 90-110: 3.5-4.5: 0.2-0.4: 3.5 to 4.5; the mass ratio of the total mass of the tilapia mossambica complete formula feed, the lactobacillus plantarum microbial inoculum, the bacillus cereus microbial inoculum and the molasses to the water is 75-80: 20-25;
6) water transfer in earlier stage of cultivation
Feeding tilapia fries for 0-30 days, and applying probiotic bacteria in the culture pond at a frequency of applying 1 time every 7-10 days, wherein the application amount is 0.3-9 mg/L each time;
7) water transfer in middle and later period of cultivation
After tilapia fries are put for 30 days, hydrogen potassium persulfate composite salt sheets are applied to the culture pond, and molasses and probiotic bacteria are applied after 10-14 h intervals; the application frequency of the potassium hydrogen persulfate composite salt tablet is once per 14-16 d, and the application amount per time is 500 g/mu; the application frequency of the molasses and the probiotic agent is independently once every 14-16 d, and the application amount of each time is independently 3 kg/mu;
8) trapping tilapia
After 6-8 months of culture, capturing tilapia;
the probiotic agent in the steps 6) and 7) is independently one or two of a photosynthetic bacterium agent, a bacillus agent and a lactic acid bacterium agent.
Preferably, the regulator used for pH regulation in step 1) comprises quicklime.
Preferably, the disinfectant used in the disinfection in the step 1) and the step 2) comprises a strong chlorine concentrate aqueous solution; the concentration of the strong chlorine in the strong chlorine aqueous solution is 1.5-12 mg/L.
Preferably, the effective viable count of the lactobacillus plantarum in the lactobacillus plantarum microbial inoculum in the step 5) is more than or equal to 5.0 multiplied by 108CFU/mL; the effective viable count of the bacillus cereus in the bacillus cereus agent is more than or equal to 200 multiplied by 108CFU/g。
Preferably, the tilapia mossambica pretreatment feed in the step 5) is prepared by adopting the following method: and mixing the tilapia complete formula feed, a lactobacillus plantarum microbial inoculum, a bacillus cereus microbial inoculum, molasses and water, and carrying out anaerobic fermentation for 18-36 h at the temperature of 20-30 ℃ to obtain the tilapia pretreatment feed.
Preferably, the feeding mode of the three-yellow meal in the step 5) is to feed the mixture after the mixture is mixed with the tilapia pretreated feed
Preferably, the effective viable count of the photosynthetic bacteria in the photosynthetic bacteria microbial inoculum is more than or equal to 8.0 multiplied by 108CFU/mL; the effective viable count of bacillus in the bacillus agent is more than or equal to 100 multiplied by 108CFU/g; the effective viable count of the lactobacillus in the lactobacillus agent is more than or equal to 5.0 multiplied by 108CFU/mL。
Preferably, the culture method further comprises the steps of not changing water or adding water in the fry cultured for 30 d; after the tilapia fries are stocked for 30 days, water is changed for 1 time every 30 days, and the water changing amount of each time accounts for 8-12% of the total pond water by mass percent.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention provides a tilapia breeding method, which comprises the following steps: treating a culture pond, treating culture water, culturing algae and adjusting water, stocking tilapia fries, feeding tilapia pretreatment feed and three-yellow powder, adjusting water in the early stage of culture, adjusting water in the middle and later stages of culture and capturing tilapia. The method can effectively reduce the incidence rate of streptococcicosis of tilapia, increase the survival rate of the tilapia, promote the growth of the tilapia and improve the yield of the tilapia. The method for culturing tilapia mossambica does not use antibiotics, is ecological and environment-friendly, and compared with the prior art, the method for culturing tilapia mossambica can reduce the incidence rate of streptococcicosis of tilapia mossambica by more than 73.99%, improve the survival rate by more than 31.22%, improve the average molecular weight by more than 15.91% and improve the yield per mu by more than 52.23%. The culture method solves the problems of environmental pollution, feed potential safety hazard and frequent diseases in pond culture of tilapia, ensures the edible safety of culture products, and obtains remarkable economic, social and ecological benefits.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a tilapia breeding method, which comprises the following steps:
1) treatment of culture ponds
Sterilizing the culture pond for 2 days, and adjusting the pH value to 7.2-7.8 to obtain a clean culture pond;
2) treatment of aquaculture water
Filtering and disinfecting culture water to obtain clean culture water, and injecting the clean culture water into the clean culture pond until the water depth is 1.8-3 m;
3) algae cultivation and water regulation
Applying amino acid water-soluble fertilizer or the organic-inorganic fermentation bacterial fertilizer in pool water;
4) fry of free-range tilapia
Stocking tilapia fries which are not infected with pathogenic bacteria of streptococcicosis of tilapia in a culture pond, wherein the stocking density is 1300-2200 tails/mu;
5) feeding tilapia pretreated feed and Sanhuang powder;
the feeding frequency of the tilapia mossambica pretreatment feed is 2 times/d, and the feeding amount of each time is 1.5 percent of the mass of the tilapia mossambica; during ordinary prevention, feeding the three-yellow powder for 1 time every 10-15 days, and feeding the three-yellow powder for 3 days for 1 time, wherein the feeding amount of the three-yellow powder for each time accounts for 5 per mill of the feeding amount of the pretreated feed for each time; the feeding frequency in the disease peak period is once every 10 days, the medicine is continuously used for 3 days, and the feeding amount of the three-yellow powder in each time accounts for 2.5 per thousand of the feeding amount of the pretreated feed of the tilapia in each time;
the tilapia pretreatment feed comprises the following raw materials: the tilapia mossambica feed comprises complete compound feed of tilapia mossambica, lactobacillus plantarum microbial inoculum, bacillus cereus microbial inoculum, molasses and water; the mass ratio of the complete formula feed for tilapia, the lactobacillus plantarum microbial inoculum, the bacillus cereus microbial inoculum and the molasses is 90-110: 3.5-4.5: 0.2-0.4: 3.5 to 4.5; the mass ratio of the total mass of the tilapia mossambica complete formula feed, the lactobacillus plantarum microbial inoculum, the bacillus cereus microbial inoculum and the molasses to the water is 75-80: 20-25;
6) water transfer in earlier stage of cultivation
Feeding tilapia fries for 0-30 days, and applying probiotic bacteria in the culture pond at a frequency of applying 1 time every 7-10 days, wherein the application amount is 0.3-9 mg/L each time;
7) water transfer in middle and later period of cultivation
After tilapia fries are put for 30 days, hydrogen potassium persulfate composite salt sheets are applied to the culture pond, and molasses and probiotic bacteria are applied after 10-14 h intervals; the application frequency of the potassium hydrogen persulfate composite salt tablet is once per 14-16 d, and the application amount per time is 500 g/mu; the application frequency of the molasses and the probiotic agent is independently once every 14-16 d, and the application amount of each time is independently 3 kg/mu;
8) trapping tilapia
After 6-8 months of culture, capturing tilapia;
the probiotic agent in the steps 6) and 7) is independently one or two of a photosynthetic bacterium agent, a bacillus agent and a lactic acid bacterium agent.
The method comprises the steps of firstly disinfecting the culture pond, adjusting the pH value to 7.2-7.8 after disinfecting for 2 days, and obtaining the clean culture pond.
In the invention, the culture pond is preferably a pond which has no industrial, agricultural and living pollution, is convenient for traffic, electric power matching and water feeding and discharging, is internally provided with an aerator, has bottom microporous aeration and is provided with an internet water quality on-line monitoring and an automatic bait casting machine, and has no special limit on the area of the pond; the disinfectant used for disinfection is preferably a strong chlorine concentrate aqueous solution; the concentration of the strong chlorine in the strong chlorine aqueous solution is preferably 12 mg/L; the application amount of the strong chlorine aqueous solution is preferably 10-15 mg/L; the time for the disinfection is preferably 2 d; the pH value after adjustment is preferably 7.5; the regulator used for regulating the pH is preferably quicklime. In the invention, the drug property basically disappears after the strong chlorine aqueous solution is treated for 2 days, so the pH value is adjusted after two days; the strong chlorine concentrate water solution is strong acid, and the quicklime is strong alkali, so that the quicklime is selected for neutralization regulation.
After the clean culture pond is obtained, the culture water is filtered and disinfected to obtain the clean culture water, and the clean culture water is injected into the clean culture pond until the water depth is 1.8-3 m.
In the present invention, the culture water preferably includes well water, lake water, river water and reservoir water; the aperture of the filter screen used for filtering is preferably 80 meshes; the filtering function is to remove wild trash fishes, enemy organisms, large-particle-size suspended matters and floating matters in the culture water; the disinfectant used for disinfection is preferably a strong chlorine concentrate aqueous solution; the application amount of the strong chlorine aqueous solution is preferably 1.0-1.5 mg/L; the concentration of the strong chlorine in the strong chlorine aqueous solution is preferably 1.2 mg/L; the water depth is preferably 2-2.5 m; when the water depth is less than 1.8m, the yield cannot be improved, the internal balance system of the water body is easy to break, and particularly in summer, the weather is hot, the direct sunlight intensity is high, and the water temperature can rise rapidly. The water body is too shallow, so that the temperature can not be adjusted by self, and sunstroke of the fish can be caused; when the water depth exceeds 3 meters, the oxygen production capacity can be rapidly reduced due to insufficient or no light of the water bottom layer, so that the dissolved oxygen is insufficient or super-oxygen-free, the fish can not move on the water bottom layer, the water body is wasted, and the culture cost is increased.
The water depth set by the method is 1.8-3 m, so that the method is not only beneficial to improving the yield of the tilapia, but also capable of keeping the internal balance of the aquaculture water body and beneficial to reducing the aquaculture cost.
After clean culture water is injected into the culture pond, amino acid water-soluble fertilizer or the organic-inorganic fermentation bacterial fertilizer is applied to the pond water.
In the invention, when the culture pond is a clean culture pond (a thin pond and a sand bottom pond), organic-inorganic fermentation bacterial manure is applied; the application amount of the organic-inorganic fermentation bacterial fertilizer is preferably 3.0-4.0 kg/mu; the organic-inorganic fermented bacterial fertilizer is from the conventional market, and in the specific implementation process of the invention, the organic-inorganic fermented bacterial fertilizer is preferably prepared by compounding fermented organic fertilizer, a proper amount of inorganic nutrients and the like; the preferable ratio of N to P of the organic-inorganic fermentation bacterial fertilizer is 2 to 1; when the culture pond is a pond (a fertilizer pond) with rich organic matters at the bottom of the pond, applying amino acid water-soluble fertilizer, wherein the application amount of the amino acid water-soluble fertilizer is preferably 1.5-2.5 kg/mu; the amino acid water-soluble fertilizer is from conventional market, and in the specific implementation process of the invention, the amino acid water-soluble fertilizer is preferably prepared by compounding beneficial viable bacteria, biochemical potassium fulvate, compound amino acid, trace elements and the like; the preferred ratio of N to P of the amino acid water-soluble fertilizer is 2 to 1; the application mode of the amino acid water-soluble fertilizer or the organic-inorganic fermentation bacterial fertilizer is independent and preferably water-added sprinkling, and the application time is independent and preferably 5-7 d before the tilapia fries are put in the open in the morning on a sunny day.
The application of the amino acid water-soluble fertilizer or the organic-inorganic fermentation bacterial fertilizer in the pond water has the functions of culturing algae and regulating water, namely culturing plankton in a water body by manually applying the fertilizer, and aims to provide palatable natural bait for tilapia, reduce the culture cost, increase the dissolved oxygen in the pond, reduce ammonia nitrogen, nitrite and hydrogen sulfide, inhibit pathogenic bacteria and harmful organisms, reduce the occurrence of diseases and achieve the effect of improving the yield per unit.
After the amino acid water-soluble fertilizer or the organic-inorganic fermentation bacterial fertilizer is applied to the pool water, the tilapia fries which are not infected with pathogenic bacteria of streptococcicosis of tilapia are released and cultured in the culture pond, and the released and cultured density is 1300-2200 tails/mu, preferably 1500-2000 tails/mu.
In the invention, the length of the tilapia fry is preferably 2.5-4.5 cm; the tilapia fry is preferably detected by a rapid detection kit for the pathogenic bacteria of the tilapia streptococcicosis, and the detection result is positive, which indicates that the tilapia fry is infected with the pathogenic bacteria of the streptococcicosis and cannot be put into the market; negative results show that the tilapia fries are not infected with streptococcicosis pathogens and can be put into the breeding; the pathogen of the tilapia fry infected with streptococcicosis is preferably purchased from the animal health research institute of Tongwei shares; the optimal stocking selection is to breed in clear weather; stocking in summer, preferably selecting 8-9 am or afternoon and sunset, and avoiding stocking seedlings in the noon; the stocking method is preferably to soak the fry bag in the sheltered place of the pond for 30min to ensure that the water temperature of the fry bag is fully adapted to the water temperature of the pond without generating temperature difference, and after the tilapia fries are fully adapted to the water temperature, the fry bag is opened to ensure that the pond water flows in and the fries swim out along the water.
After tilapia fries are stocked, the tilapia pretreatment feed and the three-yellow rice flour are fed; the tilapia pretreatment feed comprises the following raw materials: the tilapia mossambica feed comprises complete compound feed of tilapia mossambica, lactobacillus plantarum microbial inoculum, bacillus cereus microbial inoculum, molasses and water; the mass ratio of the complete formula feed for tilapia, the lactobacillus plantarum microbial inoculum, the bacillus cereus microbial inoculum and the molasses is 90-110: 3.5-4.5: 0.2-0.4: 3.5-4.5, preferably 100: 4: 0.3: 4; the mass ratio of the total mass of the tilapia mossambica complete formula feed, the lactobacillus plantarum microbial inoculum, the bacillus cereus microbial inoculum and the molasses to the water is 75-80: 20-25, preferably 78: 22;
the feeding frequency of the tilapia mossambica pretreatment feed is 2 times/d, and the feeding amount of each time is 1.5 percent of the mass of the tilapia mossambica; during ordinary prevention, feeding the three-yellow powder for 1 time every 10-15 days, and feeding the three-yellow powder for 3 days for 1 time, wherein the feeding amount of the three-yellow powder for each time accounts for 5 per mill of the feeding amount of the pretreated feed for each time; the feeding frequency in the disease peak period is once every 10 days, the medicine is continuously used for 3 days, and the feeding amount of the three-yellow powder in each time accounts for 2.5 per thousand of the feeding amount of the pretreated feed of the tilapia in each time; the feeding mode of the three-yellow meal is preferably to feed the three-yellow meal after mixing the three-yellow meal with the tilapia pretreatment feed; the Sanhuang powder has the functions of clearing away heat and toxic materials and is used for treating and preventing bacterial fish diseases; the invention preferably also comprises that water is not changed or added within 30 days of stocking the tilapia fries; after the tilapia fries are stocked for 30d, water is changed for 1 time every 30d, and the water changing amount in each time accounts for 8-12% of the total pond water by mass percent, and the tilapia fries are preferably 10 d.
In the invention, plants in the lactobacillus plantarum microbial inoculumThe effective viable count of lactobacillus is preferably not less than 5.0 × 108CFU/mL; the effective viable count of the bacillus cereus in the bacillus cereus agent is preferably more than or equal to 200 multiplied by 108CFU/g。
In the invention, the tilapia complete formula feed is preferably tilapia puffed formula feed purchased from south-China Nippon feed Co., Ltd, and the product number is 4027; the lactobacillus plantarum is purchased from Guangxianing Haikehale microbial engineering Co., Ltd, and has the product name of lactobacillus for fishing, the product number of Q/GXNNHK 06-2016; the bacillus cereus is purchased from Guangxianing Haikehale microbial engineering Limited company, and is named as bacillus cereus for fishing, and the product number is Q/GXNNHK 07-2016; the molasses is purchased from Nanning Jun chen trade company, the product name is organic active carbon source, and the production batch number is 2018-09-10.
In the invention, the lactobacillus plantarum and the bacillus cereus have the advantages of acid production, enzyme production, disease resistance and excellent fermentation characteristics, and can degrade and remove toxic and harmful substances in the feed (especially rapeseed cakes and cottonseed cakes) depending on the self life activities and metabolites thereof, thereby greatly improving the safety of the feed.
In the invention, the tilapia mossambica pretreatment feed is preferably prepared by the following method: and mixing the tilapia complete formula feed, a lactobacillus plantarum microbial inoculum, a bacillus cereus microbial inoculum, molasses and water, and carrying out anaerobic fermentation for 18-36 h at the temperature of 20-30 ℃ to obtain the tilapia feed.
The mixing mode is not particularly limited, and the uniform mixing is taken as the standard; the temperature of the anaerobic fermentation is preferably 25 ℃; the anaerobic fermentation equipment is preferably a fermentation barrel or a plastic bag; the time of anaerobic fermentation is preferably 20-30 h, so that the flavor of the distiller's yeast with slightly sweet and sour feed can be smelled.
According to the invention, the tilapia pretreatment feed can relieve the digestion stress of animals caused by excessive digestion burden, and better exert the production performance; the digestibility of the whole feed is promoted, and better production performance is realized by using less feed, which is a process of saving grains and energy and has great economic and social significance. The method provided by the invention can furthest exert the effects of detoxification and pathogenic bacterium antagonism of the functional microbial feed, and solves the problems of the safety of the current feed and the intestinal health of aquaculture animals. When the method is implanted into tilapia culture production, the growth performance and the streptococcal disease infection resistance of tilapia can be effectively improved, and the survival rate after the tilapia is infected with germs is increased.
And (3) putting tilapia fries for 0-30 days, and applying the probiotic agent in the culture pond at the frequency of applying for 1 time every 7-10 days, wherein the application amount is 0.3-9 mg/L each time.
In the invention, the probiotic bacteria agent is used for absorbing and utilizing micromolecular organic matters and inorganic matters, can decompose dissolved organic matters by adding the probiotic bacteria agent into pond water, balance the propagation of floating microalgae, absorb harmful factors such as ammonia nitrogen, nitrite, hydrogen sulfide and the like in the culture water and purify the water.
In the invention, the probiotic agent is independently selected from one or two of photosynthetic bacteria agent, bacillus agent and lactic acid bacteria agent; preferably any one of the following formulations: 4.5mg/L of photosynthetic bacterial agent, 0.3mg/L of bacillus agent, 4.5mg/L of lactobacillus agent, 4.5mg/L of photosynthetic bacterial agent, 0.15mg/L of bacillus agent and 4.5mg/L of photosynthetic bacterial agent; the dosage form of the photosynthetic bacteria agent is preferably aqueous agent, and the effective viable count of the photosynthetic bacteria is preferably more than or equal to 8.0 multiplied by 108CFU/mL; the formulation of the bacillus agent is preferably powder, and the effective viable count of the bacillus is preferably more than or equal to 100 multiplied by 108CFU/g; the formulation of the lactobacillus preparation is preferably water aqua, and the effective viable count of the lactobacillus is preferably more than or equal to 5.0 multiplied by 108CFU/mL。
After tilapia fries are put for 30 days, hydrogen potassium persulfate composite salt sheets are applied to a culture pond, and molasses and probiotic bacteria are applied after 10-14 h intervals; the application frequency of the potassium hydrogen persulfate composite salt tablet is once per 14-16 d, and the application amount per time is 500 g/mu; the application frequency of the molasses and the probiotic agent is independently once every 14-16 d, and the application amount of each time is independently 3 kg/mu.
The source of the potassium hydrogen persulfate water substrate modifier is not particularly limited, and the conventional commercial product in the field can be adopted. In the embodiment of the invention, the potassium hydrogen persulfate water substrate modifier is produced by Shanghai Taiyuan biotechnological Limited company, and has the following standard number: Q31/0117000095C 014-2016; record number name: composite potassium hydrogen persulfate particles; trade name: jiedu Ding' an; the main components are as follows: is compounded by potassium hydrogen persulfate complex salt, organic acid, chelating agent, surfactant and dispersant; the content specification is as follows: with potassium hydrogen persulfate complex salt (with KHSO)5Calculated) is more than or equal to 20.0 percent; the characteristics are as follows: 1g of light yellow round pieces; the potassium hydrogen persulfate composite salt tablet has the effects that the potassium hydrogen persulfate water quality substrate modifier is used as a novel strong oxidant, and the potassium hydrogen persulfate water quality substrate modifier is scattered into the bottom of a pond in a dry mode to break the hardening of the pond substrate, degrade harmful pollution sources in water and substrate sludge, recover the benign substance exchange of the water and the substrate and enable the bottom of the pond to turn yellow and loose; the phenomena of blackening, heating and smelling of the sediment are eliminated, and the culture water environment is comprehensively and permanently improved; the application frequency of the molasses and the probiotic agent is independently once every 14-16 d, and the application amount of each time is 3 kg/mu; the molasses has the functions of adjusting the carbon-nitrogen ratio (C/N) of the water body and increasing the number of heterotrophic bacteria in the water environment; the probiotic agent can absorb and utilize small molecular organic matters and inorganic matters, can decompose dissolved organic matters by adding into pond water, balance the propagation of floating microalgae, absorb harmful factors such as ammonia nitrogen, nitrite and hydrogen sulfide in aquaculture water, and purify water.
After the tilapia fries are stocked for 30d, the method preferably further comprises the step of replacing water for 1 time every 30d, the water amount of water replacement for each time accounts for 8-12% of the total pond water by mass percent, the water amount is preferably 10%, the water exchange amount is too large, the culture ecological environment is easily changed, the cultured animals are easy to generate stress, and diseases are induced.
After 6-8 months of culture, the method captures tilapia; the cultivation time is preferably 7 months.
The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below with reference to examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
1. Pond selection
26 days in 2018 and 3 months to 25 days in 2018 and 9 months, carrying out 'tilapia streptococcicosis ecological comprehensive prevention and/or treatment innovation demonstration' in Jie nong aquaculture science and technology cooperative society in Liuzhou city, wherein the base has no industrial, agricultural and living pollution, is convenient to traffic and matched with electric power, 5 demonstration ponds are selected, the pond area is 8-10 mu, the aquaculture water depth is 2-2.6 m, and an aerator and an automatic bait casting machine are arranged in the ponds.
2. Pool cleaning
Clearing the pond with water: the water depth is 60-80 cm, the strong chlorine is splashed into the whole pool by 12mg/L, and the pH value of the pool water is adjusted to 7.5 by using 20mg/L quicklime after 2 days.
3. Filtering and sterilizing water
The water for cultivation is filtered by a screen of 80 meshes, the water is taken in until the water depth is 2m, and strong chlorine is splashed by 1.5mg/L for water body disinfection.
4. Algae cultivation and water regulation
And 3mg/L of amino acid water-soluble fertilizer is sprinkled in the whole pond after 5 days of sunny morning before the seedlings are put in the pond.
5. Fry detection
Before putting the tilapia streptococcicosis pathogen rapid detection kit developed by Tongwei stock animal health research institute, the use flow is as follows:
firstly, collecting diseased fish to be detected;
selecting tissues to be detected (pea size);
thirdly, placing the tissue into a blank tube, adding a small amount of sample diluent, and mashing the tissue with yellow tip;
adding the sample diluent to 0.5mL of scale mark, uniformly mixing and detecting by using test paper;
judging the result after 5min, wherein two red lines are positive for streptococcicosis pathogen, and one line is negative; the detection result is negative.
6. Fry stocking
In 2018, 4 and 18 months, 9:00 am in clear weather, the seedlings are put in bags at the sheltered place of the pond for 30min, 1800 tails/mu and 3.3-4.2 cm in body length.
7. Pretreatment before feeding of feed
Adding 4 percent of plant lactobacillus, 0.3 percent of Bacillus cereus and 4 percent of molasses into the tilapia formula feed by mass percent, adding water to adjust the water content of the mixture to be 20 percent, uniformly mixing, then putting the mixture into a fermentation barrel or a plastic bag, sealing and carrying out anaerobic fermentation for 24 hours at the temperature of 25 ℃, feeding the mixture after smelling the flavor of slightly sweet and sour distiller's yeast, and continuously using the whole process.
8. Pond water quality substrate regulation
1) Beneficial microorganism water regulation
Method (1)
In the early stage of cultivation (within 30 d), 1 time of beneficial microbial preparation is splashed in the whole pond every 10 d: bacillus powder (effective viable count is more than or equal to 100 multiplied by 10)8CFU/g) water diluent 0.15mg/L and photosynthetic bacteria aqua (effective viable count is more than or equal to 8.0 × 10)8CFU/mL)4.5mg/L。
② attention points
The bacteria liquid can not be used for disinfection within 1 week before and after use, can be used in sunny days when the water temperature is above 20 ℃, can be used after being illuminated for more than 10 hours before use and is oxygenated for 2 hours after starting, and can not be stored in a metal vessel.
2) Chemical water mixing
Method (1)
In the middle and later period (after 30 days), 0.4-0.6 mg/L of potassium hydrogen persulfate composite salt tablets (the effective components are more than or equal to 20.0%) are uniformly and dry-scattered in the whole pond every 15 days, and 1 time of bacillus powder (the effective viable count is more than or equal to 100 multiplied by 10) is splashed in the whole pond after 12 hours8CFU/g) water dilution 0.15mg/L and molasses 4.5 mg/L.
② attention points
The simultaneous or sequential use of the composition and the alkaline medicament or the guanidine medicament is avoided.
3) Limited water change
First, water is not changed in the early stage
And water is not changed or added in the fry stocking period of 30 d.
② limited water change at middle and later period
After stocking the fry for 30 days, changing water for 1 time every 30 days, and changing water for 10 percent every time.
9. Chinese herbal medicine immunoprophylaxis and/or treatment
The three-yellow-powder Chinese herbal medicine preparation is taken orally after being mixed regularly, and the adding amount is 5 per mill of the feeding amount. In the early stage: the medicine is taken once every 15 days for 3 days; and (3) in the middle and later periods: the addition amount is reduced by half, and the medicine is taken once every 10 days for 3 days.
10. After 7 months of culture, the tilapia is caught in a dry pond. The results are shown in Table 1.
Comparative example 1
1. Pond selection
16 days in 2018 and 16 days in 2018 to 25 days in 2018 and 9 and 25 days in 2018, the 'tilapia streptococcicosis ecological comprehensive prevention and/or treatment innovation demonstration' is developed in Jie nong aquaculture science and technology cooperative society in Liuzhou, the base has no industrial, agricultural and living pollution, the transportation is convenient, the electric power is matched, 1 control pond is selected, the area of the pond is 10 mu, the aquaculture water depth is 1.5-2.0 m, and an aerator and an automatic bait casting machine are arranged in the pond.
2. Pool cleaning
And 3, 16 days in 2018, draining the pond water, draining, and splashing quicklime at a weight of 120 kg/mu for cleaning and disinfecting the pond.
3. Water receiving and filtering
After the pond is cleaned for 10 days, the culture water is filtered by a 80-mesh screen and is taken in water to the water depth of 1 m.
4. Fry stocking
In 2018, 4 and 18 months, 9:00 am in clear weather, the seedlings are put in bags at the sheltered place of the pond for 30min, 1800 tails/mu and 3.3-4.2 cm in body length.
5. Feed feeding
Feeding tilapia puffed compound feed in the whole process, wherein the feeding frequency is 2 times/d, and the feeding amount of each time is 2.5 percent of the fish mass.
6. Pond water quality substrate regulation
1) Water is not changed and added in the fry stocking period of 30 d; after stocking the fry for 30 days, changing water for 1 time every 10 days, and changing water for 30cm every time until the water depth is 1.6 m;
2) regulating and controlling water quality by taking measures of water changing or oxygenation and the like, draining water with the depth of 20-30 cm in the pond when the fish has poor appetite or the water transparency is lower than 30cm, then adding new water to the original water level, and arranging the water changing time in the daytime; the aerator is started from 22:00 o 'clock every night to 6:00 o' clock the next day, and the starting time at night is prolonged when meeting rainy days.
7. Prevention and treatment of fish diseases
Prevention of fish diseases: fish diseases are prevented by water changing, high temperature control and material control measures. The method comprises the following specific steps: monitoring the water temperature condition of the pond when the high temperature comes, and controlling the water temperature of the pond by adopting a water changing method when the water temperature of the pond is higher than 31 ℃ and has an ascending trend; when the water temperature is higher than 31 ℃, the feeding rate is controlled within 1 percent, and when the water temperature is lower than or equal to 31 ℃, the feeding rate is gradually increased.
Treatment of fish diseases: when abnormal fish movement, obvious decrease of appetite and dead fish are found, the treatment is carried out by using antibiotics.
8. After 7 months of culture, the tilapia is caught in a dry pond. The results are shown in Table 1.
Table 1 production performance of each culture pond of example 1 (exemplary pond) and comparative example 1 (comparative pond)
Figure BDA0002271528460000131
Example 2
1. Pond selection
The ecological comprehensive prevention and/or treatment innovation demonstration of the streptococcicosis of tilapia is developed in professional cooperative society of tilapia and farmers in Xinyuan county of Bingyang county of Guangxi Zhuang province from 6 days in 2019 to 25 days in 2019, the base has no industrial, agricultural and living pollution, is convenient to traffic and matched with electricity, 7 demonstration ponds are selected, the pond area is 80-200 mu, the culture water depth is 2.5-2.8 m, and an aerator and an automatic bait casting machine are arranged in the pond.
2. Pool cleaning
Clearing the pond with water: the water depth is 50-60 cm, the strong chlorine is splashed by water in the whole pool by 12mg/L, and the pH value of the water in the pool is adjusted to 7.5 by using 20mg/L quicklime after 2 days.
3. Filtering and sterilizing water
The water for cultivation is filtered by a 80-mesh screen, the water is taken to 2.5m, and strong chloramine is sprinkled by 1.5mg/L in the whole pool for water body disinfection.
4. Algae cultivation and water regulation
And 3.0mg/L of amino acid water-soluble fertilizer is sprinkled in the whole pond after 5 days of sunny morning before the seedlings are put in the pond.
5. Fry detection
Before the stock placement, the fast detection kit for the pathogen of the streptococcicosis of the tilapia, which is developed by the Tongwei animal health research institute, is applied, and the detection result is negative.
6. Fry stocking
In 2019, 4, 21, 8 am at 30: 21 am, the weather is clear, firstly, the seedlings are put in bags at the sheltered place of the pond for 30min, the length of the seedlings is 2000 tails/mu, and the body length is 2.8 cm-3.5 cm.
7. Pretreatment before feeding of feed
Adding 4% of plant lactobacillus, 0.3% of bacillus cereus and 4% of molasses into the tilapia formula feed, adding water to adjust the water content of the mixture to be 20%, uniformly mixing, then putting into a fermentation barrel or a plastic bag, sealing and carrying out anaerobic fermentation for 24 hours at normal temperature, smelling the slightly sweet and sour flavor of the feed and then feeding, and the whole process is used continuously.
8. Pond water quality substrate regulation
1) Beneficial microorganism water regulation
Method (1)
In the early stage of cultivation (within 30 d), 1 time of beneficial microbial preparation is splashed in the whole pond every 10 d: lactic acid bacteria aqua (effective viable count is more than or equal to 5.0 multiplied by 10)8CFU/mL)4.5mg/L and photosynthetic bacteria aqua (effective viable count is more than or equal to 8.0 multiplied by 10)8CFU/mL)4.5mg/L。
② attention points
The bacteria liquid can not be used for disinfection within a week before and after use, the bacteria liquid can be used in sunny days when the water temperature is more than 20 ℃, the bacteria liquid is irradiated for more than 10 hours before use, the bacteria liquid is oxygenated for 2 hours for reuse, and the bacteria liquid can not be stored in a metal vessel.
2) Chemical water mixing
Method (1)
In the middle and later period (after 30 days), 0.4-0.6 mg/L of potassium hydrogen persulfate compound salt tablets (the effective components are more than or equal to 20.0%) are uniformly and dry-scattered in the whole pond every 15 days, and 1 time of lactobacillus water agent (the effective viable count is more than or equal to 2.0 multiplied by 10) is splashed in the whole pond after 12 hours8CFU/mL)4.5mg/L and molasses 4.5 mg/L.
② attention points
The simultaneous or sequential use of the composition and the alkaline medicament or the guanidine medicament is avoided.
3) Limited water change
First, water is not changed in the early stage
And water is not changed or added in the fry stocking period of 30 d.
② limited water change at middle and later period
After stocking the fry for 30 days, changing water for 1 time every 30 days, and changing water for 10 percent every time.
9. Chinese herbal medicine immunoprophylaxis and/or treatment
The three-yellow-powder Chinese herbal medicine preparation is taken orally after being mixed regularly, and the adding amount is 5 per mill of the feeding amount. In the early stage: the medicine is taken once every 15 days for 3 days; and (3) in the middle and later periods: the addition amount is reduced by half, and the medicine is taken once every 10 days for 3 days.
10. After 7 months of culture, the tilapia is caught in a dry pond. The results are shown in Table 2.
Comparative example 2
1. Pond selection
26 days in 2019 and 10 and 25 days in 2019, carrying out 'tilapia streptococcicosis ecological comprehensive prevention and/or treatment innovation demonstration' on Xinyuan tilapia farmer professional cooperative society in Bingyang county of Guangxi Zhuang nationality, having no industrial, agricultural and living pollution in a base, convenient traffic and electric power matching, selecting 1 control pond, wherein the area of the pond is 200 mu, the culture water depth is 1.5-2.0 m, and an automatic aerator and an automatic bait casting machine are arranged in the pond.
2. Pool cleaning
And 3, 26 days in 2018, draining the pond water, draining, and splashing quicklime at a weight of 120 kg/mu for cleaning and disinfecting the pond.
3. Water receiving and filtering
After the pond is cleaned for 10 days, the culture water is filtered by a 80-mesh screen and is taken in water to the water depth of 1 m.
4. Fry stocking
In 2018, 4, 21, 9:00 am in 21 days, the weather is clear, the seedlings are put in bags at the sheltered place of the pond for 30min, the length of the seedlings is 2000 tails/mu, and the body length is 2.8 cm-3.5 cm.
5. Feed feeding
Feeding tilapia puffed compound feed in the whole process, wherein the feeding frequency is 2 times/d, and the feeding amount of each time is 2.5 percent of the fish mass.
6. Pond water quality substrate regulation
1) Water is not changed and added in the fry stocking period of 30 d; after stocking the fry for 30 days, changing water for 1 time every 10 days, and changing water for 30cm every time until the water depth is 1.8 m;
2) regulating and controlling water quality by taking measures of water changing or oxygenation and the like, draining water with the depth of 20-30 cm in the pond when the fish has poor appetite or the water transparency is lower than 30cm, then adding new water to the original water level, and arranging the water changing time in the daytime; the aerator is started from 22:00 o 'clock every night to 6:00 o' clock the next day, and the starting time at night is prolonged when meeting rainy days.
7. Prevention and treatment of fish diseases
Prevention of fish diseases: fish diseases are prevented by water changing, high temperature control and material control measures. The method comprises the following specific steps: monitoring the water temperature condition of the pond when the high temperature comes, and controlling the water temperature of the pond by adopting a water changing method when the water temperature of the pond is higher than 31 ℃ and has an ascending trend; when the water temperature is higher than 31 ℃, the feeding rate is controlled within 1 percent, and when the water temperature is lower than or equal to 31 ℃, the feeding rate is gradually increased.
Treatment of fish diseases: when abnormal fish movement, obvious decrease of appetite and dead fish are found, the treatment is carried out by using antibiotics.
8. After 7 months of culture, the tilapia is caught in a dry pond. The results are shown in Table 2.
Table 2 production performance of each culture pond of example 2 (exemplary pond) and comparative example 2 (comparative pond)
Figure BDA0002271528460000161
As can be seen from tables 1 and 2, compared with the prior art, the tilapia mossambica cultivated by the cultivation method disclosed by the invention has the advantages that the incidence rate of streptococcicosis of the tilapia mossambica is reduced by more than 73.99%, the survival rate is increased by more than 31.22, the average weight is increased by more than 15.91, the yield per mu is increased by more than 52.23%, and the disease control effect is good.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. A tilapia culture method comprises the following steps:
1) treatment of culture ponds
Sterilizing the culture pond for 2 days, and adjusting the pH value to 7.2-7.8 to obtain a clean culture pond;
2) treatment of aquaculture water
Filtering and disinfecting culture water to obtain clean culture water, and injecting the clean culture water into the clean culture pond until the water depth is 1.8-3 m;
3) algae cultivation and water regulation
Applying amino acid water-soluble fertilizer or the organic-inorganic fermentation bacterial fertilizer in pool water;
4) fry of free-range tilapia
Stocking tilapia fries which are not infected with pathogenic bacteria of streptococcicosis of tilapia in a culture pond, wherein the stocking density is 1300-2200 tails/mu;
5) feeding tilapia pretreated feed and Sanhuang powder;
the feeding frequency of the tilapia mossambica pretreatment feed is 2 times/d, and the feeding amount of each time is 1.5 percent of the mass of the tilapia mossambica; during ordinary prevention, feeding the three-yellow powder for 1 time every 10-15 days, and feeding the three-yellow powder for 3 days for 1 time, wherein the feeding amount of the three-yellow powder for each time accounts for 5 per mill of the feeding amount of the pretreated feed for each time; the feeding frequency in the disease peak period is once every 10 days, the medicine is continuously used for 3 days, and the feeding amount of the three-yellow powder in each time accounts for 2.5 per thousand of the feeding amount of the pretreated feed of the tilapia in each time;
the tilapia pretreatment feed consists of the following raw materials: the tilapia mossambica feed comprises complete compound feed of tilapia mossambica, lactobacillus plantarum microbial inoculum, bacillus cereus microbial inoculum, molasses and water; the mass ratio of the complete formula feed for tilapia, the lactobacillus plantarum microbial inoculum, the bacillus cereus microbial inoculum and the molasses is 90-110: 3.5-4.5: 0.2-0.4: 3.5 to 4.5; the mass ratio of the total mass of the tilapia mossambica complete formula feed, the lactobacillus plantarum microbial inoculum, the bacillus cereus microbial inoculum and the molasses to the water is 75-80: 20-25;
6) water transfer in earlier stage of cultivation
Feeding tilapia fries for 0-30 days, and applying probiotic bacteria in the culture pond at a frequency of applying 1 time every 7-10 days, wherein the application amount is 0.3-9 mg/L each time;
7) water transfer in middle and later period of cultivation
After tilapia fries are put for 30 days, hydrogen potassium persulfate composite salt sheets are applied to the culture pond, and molasses and probiotic bacteria are applied after 10-14 h intervals; the application frequency of the potassium hydrogen persulfate composite salt tablet is once per 14-16 d, and the application amount per time is 500 g/mu; the application frequency of the molasses and the probiotic agent is independently once every 14-16 d, and the application amount of each time is independently 3 kg/mu;
8) trapping tilapia
After 6-8 months of culture, capturing tilapia;
the tilapia pretreatment feed in the step 5) is prepared by adopting the following method: mixing the tilapia complete formula feed, a lactobacillus plantarum microbial inoculum, a bacillus cereus microbial inoculum, molasses and water, and carrying out anaerobic fermentation for 18-36 h at the temperature of 20-30 ℃ to obtain a tilapia pretreated feed;
the probiotic agent in the step 6) and the step 7) is independently selected from one or two of a photosynthetic bacterium agent, a bacillus agent and a lactic acid bacterium agent; the effective viable count of the photosynthetic bacteria in the photosynthetic bacteria microbial inoculum is more than or equal to 8.0 multiplied by 108CFU/mL; the effective viable count of bacillus in the bacillus agent is more than or equal to 100 multiplied by 108CFU/g; the effective viable count of the lactobacillus in the lactobacillus agent is more than or equal to 5.0 multiplied by 108CFU/mL。
2. The culture method of claim 1, wherein the regulator used for pH regulation in step 1) comprises quicklime.
3. The culture method according to claim 1, wherein the disinfectant used in the disinfection of step 1) and step 2) comprises a strong aqueous solution of chloramine; the concentration of the strong chlorine in the strong chlorine aqueous solution is 1.5-12 mg/L.
4. The culture method of claim 1, wherein the effective viable count of Lactobacillus plantarum in the Lactobacillus plantarum microbial inoculum in step 5) is not less than 5.0 x 108CFU/mL; the effective viable count of the bacillus cereus in the bacillus cereus agent is more than or equal to 200 multiplied by 108CFU/g。
5. The culture method of claim 1, wherein the Sanhuang powder in the step 5) is fed after being mixed with the tilapia pretreatment feed.
6. The culture method of claim 1, further comprising the steps of not changing and adding water in the fry for 30 d; after the tilapia fries are stocked for 30 days, water is changed for 1 time every 30 days, and the water changing amount of each time accounts for 8-12% of the total pond water by mass percent.
CN201911106684.2A 2019-11-13 2019-11-13 Tilapia breeding method Expired - Fee Related CN110663595B (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201911106684.2A CN110663595B (en) 2019-11-13 2019-11-13 Tilapia breeding method

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201911106684.2A CN110663595B (en) 2019-11-13 2019-11-13 Tilapia breeding method

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN110663595A CN110663595A (en) 2020-01-10
CN110663595B true CN110663595B (en) 2021-10-19

Family

ID=69087076

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN201911106684.2A Expired - Fee Related CN110663595B (en) 2019-11-13 2019-11-13 Tilapia breeding method

Country Status (1)

Country Link
CN (1) CN110663595B (en)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113142104A (en) * 2020-12-24 2021-07-23 通威股份有限公司 Efficient cultivation method for tilapia fries
CN113845270A (en) * 2021-09-27 2021-12-28 广东石油化工学院 Tilapia culture water quality combined regulation and control method based on inorganic matter-photosynthetic bacteria system
CN115152688A (en) * 2022-08-12 2022-10-11 广西壮族自治区水产科学研究院 Land-based circular pond recirculating aquaculture system and aquaculture method based on same

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101225007A (en) * 2008-02-03 2008-07-23 武汉市科洋生物工程有限公司 Special biological fish-fertilizer for aquaculture and preparation method thereof
CN103392654A (en) * 2013-08-16 2013-11-20 海南省水产研究所 Streptococcicosis prevention and control method for tilapia
CN107211934A (en) * 2017-06-08 2017-09-29 何庆堃 Tilapia mossambica cage culture
CN107821239A (en) * 2017-10-26 2018-03-23 南宁市浩发科技有限公司 A kind of cultural method of Tilapia mossambica
CN109122424A (en) * 2018-09-17 2019-01-04 海南儋州翔泰养殖有限公司 A kind of control method of Tilapia mossambica bacterial infection
CN109526817A (en) * 2018-12-26 2019-03-29 珠海市浩淼水产养殖有限公司 Sparus Latus pond brackish culture technology
CN109619324A (en) * 2018-12-05 2019-04-16 广西壮族自治区水产科学研究院 A kind of aquatic feeds predigestion method and products thereof and application
CN109924146A (en) * 2017-12-18 2019-06-25 李成军 A kind of cultural method of ecological fresh water fish

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101225007A (en) * 2008-02-03 2008-07-23 武汉市科洋生物工程有限公司 Special biological fish-fertilizer for aquaculture and preparation method thereof
CN103392654A (en) * 2013-08-16 2013-11-20 海南省水产研究所 Streptococcicosis prevention and control method for tilapia
CN107211934A (en) * 2017-06-08 2017-09-29 何庆堃 Tilapia mossambica cage culture
CN107821239A (en) * 2017-10-26 2018-03-23 南宁市浩发科技有限公司 A kind of cultural method of Tilapia mossambica
CN109924146A (en) * 2017-12-18 2019-06-25 李成军 A kind of cultural method of ecological fresh water fish
CN109122424A (en) * 2018-09-17 2019-01-04 海南儋州翔泰养殖有限公司 A kind of control method of Tilapia mossambica bacterial infection
CN109619324A (en) * 2018-12-05 2019-04-16 广西壮族自治区水产科学研究院 A kind of aquatic feeds predigestion method and products thereof and application
CN109526817A (en) * 2018-12-26 2019-03-29 珠海市浩淼水产养殖有限公司 Sparus Latus pond brackish culture technology

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
十七年的厚积终迎上量黄金期，永荣如何凭过硫酸氢钾复合盐在行业拼出一席之地;当代水产编辑部;《当代水产》;20180415;第43卷(第4期);第55-56页 *
罗非鱼健康高效养殖技术;祝素玉;《当代水产》;20141215;第39卷(第6、8-12期);第6期第68-69页、第8期第64页、第9期第63-64页、第10期第65页、第11期第71页、第12期第67页 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN110663595A (en) 2020-01-10

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
CN101023780B (en) Ferment fungis biological clean-water shrimp-crab nutrient material and preparing method
CN110122386A (en) A method of being suitble to high salinity mariculture prawn
CN110663595B (en) Tilapia breeding method
CN103392642B (en) Method for breeding mandarin fish by utilizing microorganic feed
CN103355235A (en) Efficient feed breeding method for chicken lobsters
CN106380004B (en) Aquaculture waters restoration of the ecosystem agent and preparation method thereof
CN102429127A (en) Aquatic bio-feed
CN106867933A (en) The probiotics of purification of water quality and preparation and application in being cultivated to Environment of Litopenaeus vannamei Low
CN106834174A (en) Suppress probiotics and the preparation and application of vibrios in being cultivated to Environment of Litopenaeus vannamei Low
CN103349152A (en) Functional complex microbial agent serving as aquaculture bait and aquaculture method
CN101376605B (en) Preparation of activated fertilizer by viable bacteria fermentation
CN107162726A (en) It is a kind of to be conserved for pasture and water and the multi-functional composite bacteria agent preparation of water ecology reparation and application process
CN103242064B (en) Biological fish manure for aquaculture
CN107494340A (en) A kind of ecological fish culture method
CN103478049A (en) Method for feeding crayfishes by nano feeds
CN110627564A (en) Biological fish manure for aquaculture and preparation method thereof
CN105085088A (en) Water fertilizing paste for cultivating green algae in aquaculture pond
CN107777838A (en) A kind of water body purification of aquaculture method
CN103689284B (en) A kind of bighead organic debris cenobium bait and preparation method thereof
CN106305510B (en) Pond aquaculture method
CN103392645A (en) Method for breeding finless eel by utilizing multifunctional compound feed
CN109020667A (en) A kind of method and rich water material using black soldier flies cultivation excrement slag production rich water material
CN104798700A (en) Fry pond management method
CN111990297A (en) Intercropping method for channel catfish and litopenaeus vannamei
CN103145460A (en) Bio-organic fertilizer for preventing disease for aquaculture and preparation method thereof

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PB01 Publication
PB01 Publication
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
GR01 Patent grant
GR01 Patent grant
CF01 Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee

Granted publication date: 20211019