CN110663135A - 混合式能量供应电路、混合式能量供应电路的应用和用于制造混合式能量供应电路的方法 - Google Patents

混合式能量供应电路、混合式能量供应电路的应用和用于制造混合式能量供应电路的方法 Download PDF

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CN110663135A
CN110663135A CN201880035887.4A CN201880035887A CN110663135A CN 110663135 A CN110663135 A CN 110663135A CN 201880035887 A CN201880035887 A CN 201880035887A CN 110663135 A CN110663135 A CN 110663135A
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S.克斯特纳
大石昌弘
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Abstract

说明了一种经改善的能量供应电路。该混合式能量供应电路包括第一蓄能器和第二蓄能器。第一蓄能器是固态蓄电池。

Description

混合式能量供应电路、混合式能量供应电路的应用和用于制 造混合式能量供应电路的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及用于对能量源有特定要求的电路的混合式能量供应。
背景技术
现代电器件应该具有尽可能小的尺寸而且提供越来越多的电功能。为此,这些电器件需要如下能量源,这些能量源提供尽可能电压稳定的供电电压,在没有递降的情况下经受住数目多的循环而且具有对充电或放电脉冲的短的反应时间。
存在通过电池组或蓄电池给电设备供应电能的可能性。电池组或者蓄电池良好地适合于具有连续的负载电流运行的应用。电池组在具有脉冲式附加负载和/或无规律的充电循环的应用中是有问题的。
在所谓的物联网(Internet of Things,IOT)中,多个不同的电设备优选地应该通过无线电连接来彼此进行通信。在此,并不需要连续的通信。特别是在其中传感器持续运行并且应该定期或不定期地进行与外部环境的通信的设备中,使用电池组是有问题的。如果电池组被设计为使得可以良好地满足持续的负载,则在有附加负载时的能量供应变得有问题。如果电池组被设计为使得该电池组也始终可以承受附加负载,则该电池组在大多数时间内尺寸过大。
因此,存在对满足上面提到的技术条件的能量供应电路的需求。
发明内容
为此,在独立权利要求中说明了一种混合式能量供应电路。从属权利要求说明了本发明的有利的设计方案。
该混合式能量供应电路包括第一蓄能器和第二蓄能器。第一蓄能器和第二蓄能器合并在一个模块中并且电接线。第一蓄能器是固态蓄电池。
两个不同的蓄能器(其中一个蓄能器是固态蓄电池)的组合允许:运行具有持续的持久负载的电设备并且同时以对于短暂的功率峰值、例如脉冲式的附加负载来说足够的功率来提供能量供应。
使用固态蓄电池作为基本上可负责持续的持久负载的第一蓄能器带来很多优点:固态蓄电池可以以几乎任意的形式来制造。固态蓄电池具有高能量密度而且因此可以以小的尺寸来提供。这种蓄电池相对于损坏以及电解质的损失来说相对不敏感,因为不存在流体电解质。在此,固态蓄电池可以附加地由如下材料组成,所述材料与针对其余的电路组件的制造过程兼容。
特别是与由电池组或者一方面常规的蓄电池而另一方面电容器构成的常规的混合式系统相比,这里所描述的混合式能量供应电路是一种改进方案。
因此,相对应地可能的是:第二蓄能器是电容器。第二蓄能器可以从陶瓷电容器、多层电容器、多层陶瓷电容器和双层电容器中选择。
这种电容器同样具有高能量密度而且允许电设备的微型化的持续趋势继续进行下去。
固态蓄电池是电压稳定的能量源。电容器的特点在于高循环稳定性以及对充电和放电脉冲的快速的反应。
在此,所描述的混合式能量供应电路在维护方面中性,也就是说该混合式能量供应电路并没有比常规的混合式能量供应电路更多的维护。更确切地说,该混合式能量供应电路能够实现更小的结构形式而且由于省去了流体电解质而改善了使用寿命和可靠性。
可能的是,该能量供应电路附加地具有ASIC芯片(ASIC = applicationspecificintegrated circuit = 专用集成电路),用来控制或者调节充电或放电过程。
这种ASIC可以针对某些应用有关某些参数、例如能效来优化。这种电路能够实现:保护蓄电池以防深度放电或者在充电时的超负荷。
在此,在ASIC芯片中的电路与第一蓄能器和第二蓄能器电耦合。
第一蓄能器和第二蓄能器同样彼此电耦合。可设想的是:这两个蓄能器串联或者优选地并联。
在此,两个蓄能器可以与第一连接端和第二连接端接线,经由该第一连接端和该第二连接端可以给该混合式能量供应电路充电,而且经由该第一连接端和该第二连接端,该能量供应电路可以将电能释放给电路环境。
可能的是:第一蓄能器被实施为第一SMD器件(SMD = surface mounted device =表面安装的电路元件)。第二蓄能器被实施为第二SMD器件。第一SMD器件和第二SMD器件相叠地或者并排地布置并且彼此接线。替选地,可能的是:第一蓄能器和第二蓄能器共同在多层工艺中整体地被制造成多层系统。
在此,多层系统具有多个相叠地布置的由不同的材料构成的层。在此,介电层和导电层可以交替。
电容性元件例如可具有多个电极层,这些电极层在金属喷镀层中,这些金属喷镀层具有布置在其间的介电层。在此,相叠地布置的、相邻的电极层与两个连接电极中的分别一个连接电极交替地接线。
类似于此,固态蓄电池同样可以具有相叠地布置的层,这些层由结构化的电极层和布置在其间的电解质层构成。
针对多层系统、例如HTCC层堆(HTCC = High temperature cofire ceramics(高温共烧陶瓷))或者LTCC多层系统(LTCC = Low temperature cofire ceramics(低温共烧陶瓷))的制造过程通过相对应的公知的并且能良好地掌握的多层工艺来制造。
可能的是找出一组材料,利用该组材料,一方面可以制造多层电容器而另一方面可以制造固态蓄电池。在此,这些材料优选地被挑选为使得这些材料与用于制造这种多层组件的方法兼容。
即已经发现:可以制造不仅包含电容器而且包含固态蓄电池的多层陶瓷衬底。由此可以得到超常的能量和功率密度。
但是,以电容器和固态蓄电池为形式的SMD器件的相叠的布置也允许极其高的能量和功率密度。
优选的是:固态蓄电池有回流(reflow)能力。也就是说,固态蓄电池热稳定,使得该固态蓄电池经受得住在经历回流焊接过程时的温度,而不发生损坏。
可能的是:例如作为对以多层结构来实现的元件的替选方案或者除此之外,第二蓄能器是普通的陶瓷电容器、MegaCap型电容器(TDK公司的品名)、CeraLink型、尤其是Ultrabar型电容器(EPCOS公司的品名)或者其它UltraCap型或SuperCap型电容器或者容量密度特别高的陶瓷电容器。
可能的是,该能量供应电路还包括压敏电阻和/或二极管、例如齐纳二极管,用于将电压限制到最小值(例如在放电时)或者最大值(例如在充电时)。
在此,压敏电阻是如下电路元件,该电路元件具有取决于所施加的电压的电阻。在此,电阻随着所施加的电压增加而降低。
在此,压敏电阻优选地与第一蓄能器并联和/或与第二蓄能器并联。
如果使用齐纳二极管,则该齐纳二极管同样有助于限压和/或用作防止过载的保护。
相对应地可能的是:第一蓄能器和第二蓄能器直接彼此接线,例如焊接。
第一蓄能器和第二蓄能器可以相叠地布置或者并排地布置。
相对应地,也可能的是:固态蓄电池由如下材料组成,这些材料与共烧工艺、例如用于制造HTCC或LTCC多层组件的共烧工艺兼容。
在此,固态蓄电池的固态电解质可以从如下化合物中选择:
Li1+xAlxTi2−x(PO4)3 (0≦x≦0.6),
La0.5Li0.5TiO3
Li14Zn(GeO4)4
Li7La3Zr2O12
Li1.3Al0.3Ti1.7(PO4)3
Li1.5Al0.5Ge1.5(PO4)3
Li3.25Ge0.25P0.75S4
Li3PS4
Li2S—P2S5
Li2O—V2O5—SiO2
Li3PO4
Li3.5Si0.5P0.5O4
Li2.9PO3.3N0.46
在此,固态蓄电池的电极的材料可以从如下材料中选择:LiVOPO4和Li3V2(PO4)3
可能的是,在如下电器件中应用该能量供应电路,该电器件附加地具有HF发射器、HF接收器和/或HF收发器。
同样可能存在相对应的天线和前端电路。
用于制造混合式能量供应电路的方法包括将电容器与固态蓄电池组合在紧凑模块中。
在此可能的是:用于该电容器的层系统和用于该固态蓄电池的层系统在多层工艺中合并成一个整体模块。
换句话说:该电容器和该固态蓄电池在使用针对多层工艺的工艺步骤的情况下共同被制造,使得得到一个紧凑的整体集成的模块。
具有这种混合式能量供应系统的电设备或这种设备的混合式能量供应系统可以通过不同的能量源来充电。光伏充电系统和压电式发电机就属于所述不同的能量源。这种充电系统以及其它充电系统例如与由电网来馈电的充电设备的区别在于充电功率非常可变。在此,该混合式能量供应系统能够轻易地在没有热或者其它问题的情况下吸收所属的无规律的充电电流。
固态蓄电池可以由如下这种材料组成,所述材料相对于深度放电、也许直至0V的深度放电来说不敏感。在其它情况下,ASIC可以阻止深度放电或者在充电时的超负荷。
该混合式能量供应系统可包括附加的电路元件,例如附加的无源电路元件或者附加的有源电路元件。在ASIC芯片中可以实现看门狗功能,以便优化对电池组的充电、尤其是在充电脉冲无规律时对电池组的充电。
附图说明
重要的功能原理和优选的实施方式的细节在示意性附图中进一步予以阐述。
其中:
图1示出了混合式能量供应电路的等效电路图;
图2示出了蓄能器的可能的并排的布置;
图3示出了蓄能器的可能的相叠的布置;
图4示出了压敏电阻的使用;
图5示出了ASIC的使用;
图6示出了经过相对应的器件的横截面;
图7示出了经过该器件的一个替选的实施方式的横截面;
图8示出了多层组件的透视图;
图9示出了与外部电路的可能的接线;
图10示出了与充电电路的可能的接线。
具体实施方式
图1示出了混合式能量供应电路HEVS的等效电路图,该混合式能量供应电路具有第一蓄能器ES1和第二蓄能器ES2。第一蓄能器ES1和第二蓄能器ES2彼此并联。两个蓄能器与第一连接端A1和第二连接端A2接线。通过两个连接端A1、A2,该混合式能量供应电路可以将电能释放给外部电路环境或者从外部电路环境接收电能。
在此,第一蓄能器ES1是固态蓄电池。第二蓄能器ES2优选地是电容器。
优选地,不仅第一蓄能器ES1而且第二蓄能器ES2都可具有多层组件,该多层组件具有在金属喷镀层中的电极层作为结构化的元件和布置在这些金属喷镀层之间的介电层或者在蓄电池的情况下的电解质层。
图2示出了第一蓄能器ES1相对于第二蓄能器ES2的可能的并排布置。优选的是:使这些蓄能器相对于彼此布置为使得得到整体上尽可能小的结构。优选地,不仅第一蓄能器而且第二蓄能器都是具有扁平的结构的多层组件,其中宽度和厚度可以分别明显高于高度。
图3示出了这两个蓄能器的可能的相叠的布置。
尤其是当这两个蓄能器实施为扁平组件时,将两个组件相叠地布置是有利的。
这样,不仅第一蓄能器ES1而且第二蓄能器ES2都可以被制造成有SMD能力的单个组件。紧接着,这些蓄能器可以相叠地布置并且彼此焊接并且由此导电接线并且机械上固定连接。
图4示出了混合式能量供应电路HEVS的可能的等效电路图,其中压敏电阻V与第一蓄能器ES1并联并且与第二蓄能器ES2并联。在此,当该能量供应电路通过连接端A1、A2被充电时,该压敏电阻是以防过度充电的保护。
在此,第二蓄能器ES2可以轻易地承受短暂的电压峰值或电荷峰值。
图5示出了ASIC(application-specific integrated circuit = 专用集成电路)的使用。在此,该ASIC与这些蓄能器和这两个连接端A1、A2连接,而且可以被用于控制充电的过程或放电的过程。
在此,ASIC可以嵌入在ASIC芯片中并且被设计为具有尽可能低的能耗、也就是说尽可能高能效地工作。
图6示出了经过器件的横截面,其中第一蓄能器ES1和第二蓄能器ES2嵌入在载体衬底TS中。ASIC芯片布置在载体衬底的上侧。其它电路元件SE可以嵌入在载体衬底中。经由在载体衬底中或者在载体衬底的上侧的经金属喷镀的信号线并且通过经过载体衬底的通孔敷镀,这些不同的组件可以彼此接线。
替选地,也可能的是:第一蓄能器和/或第二蓄能器或者其它电路元件布置在载体衬底TS的上侧并且接线。
图7以横截面示出了将第一蓄能器ES1的组件和第二蓄能器ES2的组件整体地集成在载体衬底TS中的可能性。
在此,尤其是可以考虑陶瓷多层衬底,例如LTCC衬底或者HTCC衬底,作为载体衬底。
图8以为了更好的可视化而被切开的元件的透视图来示出了多层组件的原理结构,该元件例如可以是第一蓄能器ES1或者第二蓄能器ES2。在介电材料DM中布置有金属喷镀层ML。在此,这些金属喷镀层ML提供用于结构化的电极层的材料。这些电极层相叠地布置。相邻的电极层与作为外部电极的分别对置的电极EL1、EL2连接并且接线。
图9示出了通过两个连接端A1、A2来给外部电路或者外部电路环境ES供应电能的可能性。在此,持续的持久负载可以基本上由第一蓄能器ES1满足。需要高功率的附加负载可以由第二蓄能器ES2来承受。
图10示出了通过充电电路LS经由连接端A1和A2来给这些蓄能器供应电能的可能性。在此,该充电电路可包括热、光伏或者压电式发电机。第二蓄能器ES2有助于吸收无规律的充电电流。
在此,外部电路例如可包括收发器RXTX和天线ANT,以便与外部无线电环境进行通信。
该混合式能量供应电路并不限于这些实施方式的所示出的细节。该混合式能量供应电路可具有其它电路元件,如其它蓄能器、其它集成电路和其它开关以及其它连接端。
附图标记列表
A1、A2: 第一、第二连接端
ASIC: application-specific integrated circuit = 专用集成电路
DM: 介电材料
EL1、EL2: 多层组件的外部电极
ES: 外部电路
ES1: 一蓄能器
ES2: 二蓄能器
HEVS: 合式能量供应电路
LS: 电路
ML: 属喷镀层
SE: 它电路元件
TS: 体衬底
V: 敏电阻

Claims (10)

1.混合式能量供应电路(HEVS),所述混合式能量供应电路包括:
- 第一蓄能器(ES1);和
- 第二蓄能器(ES2),
其中
- 所述第一蓄能器(ES1)和所述第二蓄能器(ES2)合并在一个模块中并且电接线,而且
- 所述第一蓄能器(ES1)是固态蓄电池。
2.根据上一权利要求所述的能量供应电路,
其中所述第二蓄能器(ES2)从陶瓷电容器、多层电容器、多层陶瓷电容器、双层电容器中选择。
3.根据上述权利要求之一所述的能量供应电路,所述能量供应电路还包括ASIC芯片(ASIC),用于控制或者调节充电或放电过程。
4.根据上述权利要求之一所述的能量供应电路,其中
- 所述第一蓄能器(ES1)被实施为第一SMD器件而所述第二蓄能器(ES2)被实施为第二SMD器件,而且所述第一SMD器件和所述第二SMD器件相叠地或者并排地布置并且彼此接线,
或者
- 所述第一蓄能器(ES1)和所述第二蓄能器(ES2)共同在多层工艺中整体地被制造成多层系统。
5.根据上述权利要求之一所述的能量供应电路,所述能量供应电路还包括压敏电阻(V)和/或齐纳二极管,用于将电压限制到最小值或者最大值。
6.根据上述权利要求之一所述的能量供应电路,其中所述第一蓄能器(ES1)和所述第二蓄能器(ES2)直接彼此焊接。
7.根据上述权利要求之一所述的能量供应电路,其中所述固态蓄电池由如下材料组成,所述材料与共烧工艺兼容。
8.根据上述权利要求之一所述的能量供应电路在具有HF发射器、HF接收器和/或HF收发器的电器件中的应用。
9.用于制造混合式能量供应电路(HEVS)的方法,所述方法包括将电容器与固态蓄电池组合在紧凑模块中。
10.根据上一权利要求所述的方法,其中用于所述电容器的层系统和用于所述固态蓄电池的层系统在多层工艺中合并成一个整体模块。
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