CN110621564B - 具有能量储存器的轨道车辆 - Google Patents

具有能量储存器的轨道车辆 Download PDF

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CN110621564B
CN110621564B CN201880032471.7A CN201880032471A CN110621564B CN 110621564 B CN110621564 B CN 110621564B CN 201880032471 A CN201880032471 A CN 201880032471A CN 110621564 B CN110621564 B CN 110621564B
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C·维特斯伯格
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Plasser und Theurer Export Von Bahnbaumaschinen GmbH
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种轨道车辆(1)，所述轨道车辆(1)具有支撑在轨上行走机构(2)上的车架(3)以及带有至少一个驾驶室(7)的车辆上部结构(4)。动力驱动器包括由电能存储器(12)供电的电动机(13)。根据本发明，电能存储器(12)通过液体电介质(23)进行温度控制，并且车辆上部结构包括与驾驶室(7)隔开的隔室(8)，在隔室中，电能存储器(12)布置在至少一个防火柜(14)内，所述防火柜(14)上方具有电介质储罐(15)。

Description

具有能量储存器的轨道车辆
技术领域
本发明涉及一种轨道车辆，所述轨道车辆具有支撑在轨上行走机构上的车架以及带有至少一个驾驶室的车辆上部结构，其中，动力驱动器包括由电能储存器供电的电动机。本发明还涉及一种在轨道车辆的电能存储器内进行防火或灭火的方法。
背景技术
由于对环境的要求越来越严格，因此创新性的动力概念在汽车工业中得到越来越多的使用。由电池供电的有轨车和柴油混合动力有轨车在轨道车辆构造领域也已知了许多年。由于采用更高效、更轻便、制造成本更低的蓄电池，这些由电池供电的轨道车辆成了未来对人们极具吸引力的选择。特别是对于安装悬链线特别困难且价格昂贵并且内燃机带来的排放物对工人的健康构成极大健康风险的隧道区段，由电池供电的轨道车辆被证明是特别有利的。
例如由DE 10 2012 216 312 A1已知一种适合于利用电池运行的轨道车辆。
与能量相同的铅蓄电池相比，现代蓄电池的重量仅为铅蓄电池的六分之一。这种日益紧凑的设计在小空间内产生巨大的能量密度。这增加了火灾危险，这种火灾危险必须以安全可靠的方式加以消除。
发明内容
本发明的目的是针对开头提及的类型的轨道车辆对现有技术进行的改进。
根据本发明，该目的通过第一方面所述的轨道车辆和第二方面所述的方法来实现。
本发明的第一方面提出一种轨道车辆，所述轨道车辆具有支撑在轨上行走机构上的车架以及带有至少一个驾驶室的车辆上部结构，其中，动力驱动器包括由电能存储器供电的电动机，所述电能存储器通过液体电介质进行温度控制，并且所述车辆上部结构包括与驾驶室隔开的隔室，在所述隔室中，所述电能存储器布置在至少一个防火柜内，在所述防火柜上方具有电介质储罐。通过液体电介质进行温度控制确保了位于防火柜中的电能存储器的运行温度恒定。在发生故障的情况下，电介质储罐用于维持电能存储器的冷却。另外，驾驶室和隔开的隔室之间的空间分隔保证了发生火灾时的安全隔离。
本发明的有利实施例提出，所述隔室是能够进入的并且特别是通过防火壁和/或通道与驾驶室隔开。由于可以进入隔室，所以维护操作和检查操作特别简单。额外的防火壁可在发生火灾时进一步节省时间并且提高安全系数。
进一步有利的是，所述电能存储器包括蓄电池块，所述蓄电池块均由主模块和至少一个从模块形成，并且每个模块具有若干个电池单元，电介质围绕这些电池单元流动。由于模块化设计，所以电能存储器特别匹配运行要求和特定的应用范围。另外，电介质围绕蓄电池单元均匀地流动，并且在运行期间产生的热量被有效地散发。
在此，有用的是，所述电能存储器包括若干个蓄电池块，这些蓄电池块由防火板分离地布置在防火柜中。因此，蓄电池块以最节省空间且最有效的方式彼此叠置地容纳在防火柜中。在发生火灾的情况下，由防火板进行的附加分隔进一步提高了安全性。
根据本发明的装置的进一步改进提出，所述电介质储罐经由能够通过可控阀关闭的灭火管线连接到所述防火柜。发生火灾时，经由打开的可控阀从电介质储罐向防火柜注入额外的电介质。
在本发明的进一步改进中，所述电介质储罐经由补偿管线连接到电介质回路，以便对电能存储器进行温度控制。因此，电介质储罐用作电介质回路的补偿容器。电介质变热时的体积增加经由补偿管线和电介质储罐进行补偿。
在此，有用的是，电介质回路包括至少一个泵、热泵和温度探测器。泵使得电介质在电介质回路中强制循环，从而优化了散热。热泵用于对驾驶室进行空气调节。在此期间，电能存储器中产生的热量被热泵吸收并升高到较高的温度水平。必要时，经由热交换器与辅助介质进行热交换，以加热或冷却驾驶室。因此，需要施加的加热或冷却功率较少，这使得具有恒定蓄电池容量的车辆的行驶里程（Reichweitensteigerung）显著增加。温度探测器监控电介质的温度，并将这些值传递给控制器。
此外，有利的是，轨道车辆具有警报单元，并且警报单元耦合到布置在防火柜中的烟雾传感器和/或温度传感器。经由布置在防火柜中的烟雾传感器和/或温度传感器立即检测到发生火灾，并且警报单元将紧急报告发送给紧急呼叫中心。
本发明的进一步改进提出，在隔室中的单独的电力转换器柜中布置有电力转换器，并且在电力转换器柜中布置有至少一个气雾剂盒。由于电力转换器柜和防火柜在空间上隔开，因此在发生火灾时它们彼此是隔开的。但是，如果电力转换器柜中着火，则应立刻通过气雾剂盒进行灭火。
根据本发明的第二方面的在电能存储器内进行防火或灭火的方法提出，在非运行状态下，在由于故障而发生泄漏的情况下，经由打开的灭火管线由来自电介质储罐的电介质对电介质的泄漏进行补偿。在发生泄漏或蓄电池单元烧坏的情况下，电介质通过打开的可控阀自由地流过防火柜。
在此，有用的是，在轨道车辆熄火的情况下，通过断电的电磁阀打开灭火管线。因此，即使电源中断，电磁阀在停放的轨道车辆中也始终保持打开状态，从而在发生火灾时电介质可以自由地流入防火柜中。
进一步有利的是，在运行状态下，当检测到电能存储器中的温度极限时，增加电介质回路的冷却能力，并且经由电介质回路与电介质储罐之间的补偿管线补偿电介质的体积变化。在此，通过温度探测器连续记录电介质的温度，或者记录防火柜中的测量点处的温度。如果达到温度极限，则通过增强电介质循环来提高冷却功率。
附图说明
下面将参考附图通过示例描述本发明。附图中示意地示出了：
图1示出了轨道车辆的侧视图；
图2示出了舱室的俯视图；
图3示出了防火舱的视图；
图4示出了蓄电池块的详细视图；
图5示出了蓄电池的热管理的示意图；
图6示出了防火蓄电池的示意图；
图7示出了电力转换器舱的示意图。
具体实施方式
图1示出了轨道车辆1的简化表示，轨道车辆1具有支撑在轨上行走机构2上的车架3以及车辆上部结构4，在车辆的纵向方向5上，车辆上部结构4具有位于端部的驾驶室7与隔室8之间的通道6。除了通道6之外，隔室8还通过防火壁9与驾驶室7隔开。在相对的前侧，设有第二驾驶室10。在隔室8与第二驾驶室10之间布置有工作平台11。动力驱动器包括由电能存储器12供电的电动机13。
图2示出了隔室8的俯视图。在隔室8中，在背离驾驶室7的一侧并排地布置有两个双层防火柜14。在每个双层防火柜14的上方分别设有电介质储罐15。电力转换器16相对地定位在电力转换器柜17中。在防火柜14与电力转换器柜17之间设置有穿行区域。在该区域中布置有热泵18，该热泵18用于利用由电能存储器12发出的热量。
为了清楚该布置，图3以前视图示出了隔室8的示意性横截面，隔室8具有两个双层防火柜14和位于防火柜14上方的电介质储罐15。通过若干个间隔件将防火柜14布置成与覆盖车架3的底板隔开。以这种方式，可以通过叉车简单地安装或移除防火柜14。
图4示出了防火柜14内部的电能存储器12的示意性结构。在此，三个蓄电池块19彼此叠置，分别通过防火板20彼此隔开。防火柜14的壁也被衬以防火板。蓄电池块19分别由主模块21和三个单独的从模块22组成。每个模块21、22由若干个蓄电池单元24组成，电介质23围绕蓄电池单元24流动。
通过电介质23对蓄电池单元24进行温度控制，因此蓄电池单元24在最佳温度范围内运行。在蓄电池单元24过热或着火的情况下，电介质23还用作灭火介质，防止火情扩散到邻近的蓄电池单元24。为了对电介质23进行温度控制，设置了电介质回路25。
图5以示意性框图示出了对电能存储器12的热管理，其中设置电介质回路25和第二冷却回路26用于对驾驶室7和其他单元进行温度控制。在由热泵18提供的热量不足的情况下，第二冷却回路26利用乙二醇混合物运行并且包括外部冷却器27以及辅助加热器28。
连接到第二冷却回路26的单元例如是电动机13和发电机29，发电机29耦合到内燃机并且用于给电能存储器12充电。经由热交换器30进行电介质回路25与第二冷却回路26之间的热交换。
电介质回路25包括温度探测器31，该温度探测器31经由信号线32连接到热泵18。热泵18由电力转换器33供电，电力转换器33经由另一条信号线32连接到控制器34。
供给管线35从热泵18经由热交换器30通向泵36，泵36将电介质23泵入防火柜14内的每个电能存储器12中。通过调节的泵送功率，对防火柜14内的每个电能存储器12进行单独温度控制。回流管线37将电介质23携带回到热泵。
图6在没有第二冷却回路26的情况下示出了电介质回路25。在此，布置有四个电能存储器12（均容纳在防火柜14中），这四个电能存储器12具有公共的电介质储罐15。在此，电介质储罐15通过灭火管线38连接到回流管线37，回流管线37在防火柜14上方被引导。在正常运行期间，灭火管线38通过通电的电磁阀39关闭。
当轨道车辆1停车时或在电源故障的情况下，电磁阀39打开。一旦由于蓄电池单元24的缺陷导致系统中出现泄漏，电介质23就在重力的作用下经由灭火管线38和回流管线37自动地流入相关的电能存 储器12中。因此，即使在轨道车辆1没有电流的情况下，电介质23仍然围绕有缺陷的蓄电池单元24流动，从而使得在邻近的蓄电池单元24受到损坏之前，可以抑制任何过热或蓄电池单元着火。
在此，电介质回路25与电介质储罐15之间的电介质23的体积补偿经由补偿管线40进行。补偿管线40配备有切断阀41来锁定电介质储罐15以进行维护。另外，电介质储罐15具有带通流阀42的盖。出于维护目的，在每个防火柜14的下侧还布置有带排放阀44的排放管线43。
作为附加的安全措施，两个温度传感器46与电能存储器12的每个蓄电池块19相关联。此外，在相应的电能存储器12的上部区域中布置有烟雾传感器45。这些传感器45、46经由信号线32连接到警报单元47。一旦超过预设的温度阈值或检测到烟雾，就向紧急呼叫中心发出报告。有利地，警报单元47包括单独的电池，以便在车辆1停车时也可运行。
另外，每个温度传感器46经由信号线32连接到控制器34。在检测到电能存储器12的温度升高的情况下，经由控制器34提高相应的泵36的泵送功率。由此实现的冷却功率的增加消散了额外的热量，并且防止了任何超过临界运行温度的情况。
图7示意性地示出了电力转换器柜48，电力转换器33位于电力转换器柜48中，在该电力转换器柜48中布置有两个气雾剂盒49，用于在发生火灾时进行灭火。

Claims (10)

1.一种轨道车辆（1），所述轨道车辆具有支撑在轨上行走机构（2）上的车架（3）以及带有至少一个驾驶室（7）的车辆上部结构（4），其中，动力驱动器包括由电能存储器（12）供电的电动机（13），其特征在于，所述电能存储器（12）通过液体电介质（23）进行温度控制，并且所述车辆上部结构（4）包括与所述驾驶室（7）隔开的隔室（8），在所述隔室中，所述电能存储器（12）布置在至少一个防火柜（14）内，在所述防火柜（14）的上方具有电介质储罐（15），所述液体电介质（23）还用作灭火介质，其中，所述电介质储罐（15）经由能够通过电磁阀（39）关闭的灭火管线（38）连接到所述防火柜（14），在所述轨道车辆（1）熄火的情况下，能够通过断电的电磁阀（39）打开所述灭火管线（38），并且其中液体电介质（23）能够在重力的作用下经由所述灭火管线（38）和回流管线（37）自动地流入相关的电能存储器（12）中。
2.根据权利要求1所述的轨道车辆（1），其特征在于，所述隔室（8）是能够进入的并且通过防火壁（9）和/或通道（6）与所述驾驶室（7）隔开。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的轨道车辆（1），其特征在于，所述电能存储器（12）包括蓄电池块（19），所述蓄电池块（19）均由主模块（21）和至少一个从模块（22）形成，并且每个主模块（21）和从模块（22）均具有若干个电池单元（24），液体电介质（23）围绕这些电池单元（24）流动。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的轨道车辆（1），其特征在于，所述电能存储器（12）包括若干个蓄电池块（19），这些蓄电池块（19）由防火板（20）分离地布置在所述防火柜（14）中。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的轨道车辆（1），其特征在于，所述电介质储罐（15）经由补偿管线（40）连接到电介质回路（25），以便对所述电能存储器（12）进行温度控制。
6.根据权利要求5所述的轨道车辆（1），其特征在于，所述电介质回路（25）包括至少一个用于将液体电介质（23）泵入所述防火柜（14）内的每个电能存储器12中的泵（36）、热泵（18）和温度探测器（31）。
7.根据权利要求1或2所述的轨道车辆（1），其特征在于，所述轨道车辆（1）具有警报单元（47），并且所述警报单元（47）耦合到布置在所述防火柜（14）中的烟雾传感器（45）和/或温度传感器（46）。
8.根据权利要求1或2所述的轨道车辆（1），其特征在于，在所述隔室（8）中的单独的电力转换器柜（48）中布置有电力转换器（16），并且在所述电力转换器柜（48）中布置有至少一个气雾剂盒（49）。
9.一种在根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的轨道车辆（1）的电能存储器（12）内进行防火或灭火的方法，其特征在于，在非运行状态下，在由于故障而发生泄漏的情况下，经由打开的灭火管线（38）由来自所述电介质储罐（15）的液体电介质（23）对液体电介质（23）的泄漏进行补偿，其中，在所述轨道车辆（1）熄火的情况下，通过断电的电磁阀（39）打开所述灭火管线（38）。
10.根据权利要求9所述的方法，其特征在于，在运行状态下，当检测到所述电能存储器（12）内的温度极限时，增加电介质回路（25）的冷却能力，并且经由所述电介质回路（25）与所述电介质储罐（15）之间的补偿管线（40）补偿所述电介质（23）的体积变化。
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