CN1106194C - 组合物 - Google Patents

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CN1106194C
CN1106194C CN94192243A CN94192243A CN1106194C CN 1106194 C CN1106194 C CN 1106194C CN 94192243 A CN94192243 A CN 94192243A CN 94192243 A CN94192243 A CN 94192243A CN 1106194 C CN1106194 C CN 1106194C
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I·蒂利曼斯
I·理查德
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种直肠用药的药剂组合物,其中含有作为活性组分的游离碱形式的1,2,3,9-四氢-9-甲基-3-[(2-甲基-1H-咪唑-1-基)-甲基]-4H-咔唑-4-酮或其药学上可接受的溶剂化物,以及一种或多种药学上可接受的载体或赋形剂。还公开了制造这种组合物和用它治疗通过5-羟色胺在5-HT3处的作用引起的病症的方法。

Description

组合物
本发明涉及其中含有1,2,3,9-四氢-3-甲基-3-[(2-甲基-1H-咪唑-1-基)-甲基]-4H-咔唑-4-酮作为活性组分的药物组合物,特别是直肠用药的组合物。
GB 2153821公开了1,2,3,9-四氢-9-甲基-3-[(2-甲基-1H-咪唑-1-基)-甲基]-4H-咔唑-4-酮及其生理上可接受的盐和溶剂化物,它可用式(I)表示
Figure C9419224300031
据称式(I)化合物是5-羟色胺(5-HT)在位于初级传入神经末端的那类“神经元”5-HT受体处的有效和选择性的拮抗剂。这类受体现在称为5-HT3受体,它们还存在于中枢神经系统中。 5-HT广泛存在于中枢神经系统的神经元通道中,已知这些含有5-HT的通道的紊乱会改变行为表现,如情绪、精神运动活性、胃口和记忆等。
据称此化合物可用于治疗患有由神经元5-HT功能失调引起的疾病的人或动物,例如治疗患偏头痛或神经病(例如神经分裂症)的人。还提到此化合物可用于治疗诸如焦虑、肥胖和躁狂等病症。
随后公布的专利申请公开了使用式(I)化合物和其它的5-HT3拮抗剂治疗许多其它病症,例如痴呆、识别障碍和呕吐。
许多临床研究已证实式(I)化合物对治疗呕吐的效力,特别是治疗与癌症化疗和放疗有关的以及手术后发生的呕吐和恶心。迄今为止,该药物一直是以盐的形式,特别是以盐酸盐二水合物的形式,经注射或口服用药。
口服用药一般是服用药剂的优选途径。遗感的是,口服组合物可能会有某些不便,特别是在治疗伴有呕吐和/或恶心的病症时。最好是,药剂组合物迅速而一致地开始作用,同时有持久的活性及良好的生物利用率,在治疗急症时尤其希望这样。快速吸收可以通过非肠道注射实现,但对于某些患者不能采用,尤其是如果不在直接的医疗监督下用药、即自我用药的话。
在GB 2153821中提出了式(I)化合物的其它用药途径,包括直肠用药。 GB 2153821具体公开了一些含有1,2,3,9-四氢-9-甲基-3-[(2-甲基-1H-咪唑-1-基)-甲基]-4H-咔唑-4-酮盐酸盐二水合物作为活性组分的药物制剂,在例如EP-0278161中公开了一种含这种活性组分的直肠用药栓剂。
本发明提供了一种此前未曾具体公开的特别有助的药物制剂,它适合于式(I)化合物的直肠用药。
根据本发明,提供了一种直肠用药的药剂组合物,其中含有游离碱形式的1,2,3,9-四氢-9-甲基-3-[(2-甲基-1H-咪唑-1-基)-甲基]-4H-咔唑-4-酮或其药学上可接受的溶剂化物作为活性组分,同时还含有一种或多种药学上可接受的载体或赋形剂。
与先有技术的组合物不同,本发明组合物含有游离碱形式的活性组分或其药学上可接受的溶剂化物。申请人发现,当活性化合物直肠用药时,使用式(I)化合物的游离碱而不用盐酸盐有出乎意料的好处。
本发明的组合物可以是保留灌肠剂的形式,固体剂量形式(例如栓剂或软明胶胶囊),或半固体剂量形式(例如直肠用凝胶或乳膏)。这些组合物最好配制成适当成型的固体单位剂量形式,例如用于直肠用药的锥形、园柱形或鱼雷形。这些固体剂量形式可以在体温下熔化或者溶解或分散于体腔的粘液分泌物中。
可以在本发明组合物中使用的常规载体包括可可油、硬脂、脂肪酸甘油酯、甘油-明胶基料、碳蜡(聚乙二醇)及它们的混合物。优选的组合物含有硬脂基料,例如酯化、氢化或分级的植物油,以及以adeps solidus名称生产的合成的甘油三酯混合物。
优选的脂肪基料是含有饱和的C9-18脂肪酸甘油单酯、二酯和三酯混合物的硬脂。硬脂基料最好是含有由植物来源的脂肪酸与甘油酯化得到的硬脂,聚氧乙烯链中含20-24个氧乙烯基的聚乙二醇醚(例如聚乙二醇(20)十六/十八醇混合醚)和甘油酯(例如蓖麻油酸甘油酯)。硬脂基料最好具有高的羟值(美国药典化学试验),例如羟值在20至100之间,如40至80,特别是60至70。
诸如栓剂等固体剂量形式可以用常规方式制备,例如将活性组分与载体(最好是熔融的载体)充分混合。活性组分在加到熔融的载体中之前最好先研磨或过筛。然后可以将熔融的组合物倒入合适的模具中,例如聚氯乙烯、聚乙烯或铝质模具。可以任选地将栓剂在包装前用例如十六醇、聚乙二醇或聚乙烯醇以及聚山梨酸酯涂敷,以便增加崩解时间或润滑性,或减小贮存时的粘结。
固体剂量形式的总重量以约1或2g为宜,活性组分可以占组合物重量的0.05-20%,优选0.1-20%,最好是0.2-5%,例如0.4-3.2%。
本发明组合物中使用的1,2,3,9-四氢-9-甲基-3-[(2-甲基-1H-咪唑-1-基)-甲基]-4H-咔唑-4-酮游离碱的数量以在约0.1mg至约100mg的范围内为宜,优选约1mg至50mg,例如约2-35mg,如约5-20mg。
本发明的另一方面提供了一种方法,用于治疗患有或容易患有通过5-羟色胺在5-HT3受体处的作用引起的病症的哺乳动物,包括人,该方法包括经直肠服用一种药剂组合物,该组合物中含有游离碱形式的1,2,3,9-四氢-9-甲基-3-[(2-甲基-1H-咪唑-1-基)-甲基]-4H-咔唑-4-酮或其药学上可接受的溶剂化物作为活性组分,同时还含有一种或多种药学上可接受的载体或赋形剂。应该明白,所谓治疗包括预防和减轻已有的症状在内。
通过5-HT在5-HT3受体处的作用引起的病症包括识别障碍,例如痴呆,特别是退化性痴呆(包括老年性痴呆、早老性痴呆、皮克病、亨廷顿舞蹈病、帕金森氏病和克罗伊费尔特-雅各布综合症)和血管性痴呆(包括多发梗塞性痴呆),以及与侵占颅内空间的损伤、外伤、感染及有关病症(包括爱滋病毒感染)、代谢、毒素、缺氧和缺乏维生素有关的痴呆;与年龄有关的轻度的识别削弱,特别是与年龄有关的记忆削弱;精神病,例如精神分裂症和躁狂;焦虑症,包括恐慌症、广场恐惧症、社交恐惧症、单一恐惧症、强迫行为症、外伤后紧张症、混合型焦虑与压郁症以及扩散性焦虑症;呕吐和恶心,特别是与癌症化疗和放疗有关以及手术后发生的呕吐和恶心;应漱性肠综合症和药物依赖及滥用物质症。以这种方式引起的其它病症包括胃停滞;胃肠机能障碍症,例如消化性溃疡、消化性食管炎、气胀和消化不良;偏头痛;肥胖及诸如贪食等症状;疼痛以及压郁。
本发明的药剂组合物在治疗呕吐与恶心方面,特别是与癌症化疗和放疗有关的呕吐与恶心方面特别有用,但也适用于手术后发生的呕吐与恶心。
应该明白,活性化合物的准确的治疗剂量将随患者的年龄和状况以及要治疗的病症的本质而变,这将由护理医师最终自行处理。
但一般来说,用于治疗通过5-羟色胺在5-HT3受体处的作用引起的病症(例如手术后的呕吐和恶心)时,有效剂量为每单位剂量含0.1至200mg、优选0.5-100mg、最好是1-50mg(例如4、8、16或32mg)活性组分,可以每天服用一次或按均分剂量服用例如1到4次。
以下的非限制性实施例进一步说明了本发明。实施例1 直肠用药的栓剂                            单位配方
                                      (每只栓剂)1,2,3,9-四氢-9-甲基-3-[(2-甲基-1H-咪唑-1-基)-甲基]-4H-咔唑-4-酮                          8mg(过筛的游离碱)硬脂NF17、聚乙二醇(20)十六/十八醇混合醚NF17和蓖麻油酸甘油酯的混合物(商品名称Witepsol S58),                     至1g羟值60至70
制备活性组分在熔融基料中的悬浮液并以常规方式装入1g大小的栓剂模具中。实施例2、3、4和5
如对实施例1的栓剂所述,制备含1、2、4或16mg1,2,3,9-四氢-9-甲基-3-[(2-甲基-1H-咪唑-1-基)-甲基]-4 H-咔唑-4-酮(过筛的游离碱)的栓剂。实施例6 直肠用药的栓剂                             单位配方
                                       (每只栓剂)1,2,3,9-四氢-9-甲基-3-[(2-甲基-1H-咪唑-1-基)-甲基]-4H-咔唑-4-酮                           16mg(过筛的游离碱)硬脂NF17、聚乙二醇(20)十六/十八醇混合醚NF17和蓖麻油酸甘油酯的混合物(商品名称Witepsol S58),                      至2g羟值60至70
制备活性组分在熔融基料中的悬浮液,以常规方式装入2g大小的栓剂模具中。实施例7和8
如对实施例6中所述,制备含8或32mg 1,2,3,9-四氢-9-甲基-3-[(2-甲基-1H-咪唑-1-基)-甲基]-4H-咔唑-4-酮(过筛的游离碱)。实施例9
如对实施例6中所述,制备含4mg 1,2,3,9-四氢-9-甲基-3-[(2-甲基-1H-咪唑-1-基)-甲基]-4H-咔唑-4-酮(过筛的游离碱)的栓剂。

Claims (6)

1.一种用於直肠用药的栓剂,其中含有游离碱形式的1,2,3,9-四氢-9-甲基-3-[(2-甲基-1H-咪唑-1-基)-甲基]-4H-咔唑-4-酮或其药学上可接受的溶剂化物作为活性组分,还含有一种或多种羟基值为60至70的硬脂基料。
2.权利要求1的栓剂,其中含有0.05%至20%重量的活性组分。
3.权利要求1或2的栓剂,其中含有0.1mg至100mg的活性组分。
4.制造权利要求1至3中任何一项的栓剂的方法,其中包括使活性组分与载体充分混合。
5.游离碱形式的1,2,3,9-四氢-9-甲基-3-[(2-甲基-1H-咪唑-1-基)-甲基]-4H-咔唑-4-酮或其药学上可接受的溶剂化物作为活性组分,连同一种或多种羟基值为60至70的硬脂基料,在制备权利要求1至4中任何一项的栓剂中的应用,该栓剂可用於治疗患有或容易患有通过5-羟色胺在5-HT3受体处的作用引起病症的哺乳动物,包括人。
6.权利要求5的应用,其中的病症是呕吐和恶心。
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SI0700290T1 (en) 1999-12-31
FR2705569B1 (fr) 1995-11-10
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