CN110615721A - Soil biological denitrifier and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Soil biological denitrifier and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN110615721A CN110615721A CN201810633011.1A CN201810633011A CN110615721A CN 110615721 A CN110615721 A CN 110615721A CN 201810633011 A CN201810633011 A CN 201810633011A CN 110615721 A CN110615721 A CN 110615721A
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- soil
- denitrifier
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- soil biological
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
- C12N1/20—Bacteria; Culture media therefor
Abstract
The soil biological denitrifier comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.01-5% of graphene sol solution, 0-10% of bacillus mucilaginosus, 1-10% of denitrifying bacteria, 0.1-5% of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 10-15% of water, 30-40% of bran or bran coat and the balance of solid filler. The graphene sol-gel solution is formed by nanocrystallization, wherein the proportion of the diameter of the graphene particles not more than 200 nanometers is not less than 10%. The invention can solve the problem of the accumulation of secondary nitrate in the facility cultivation soil, reduce the enrichment of nitrate nitrogen in facility cultivation crops and improve the quality of agricultural products. The invention also provides a preparation method and application of the soil biological denitrifying agent.
Description
The technical field is as follows:
the invention relates to soil environment improvement and restoration, in particular to soil biological deoxidizer for improving and restoring soil secondary salinization, more particularly to soil biological deoxidizer for improving and restoring soil secondary nitrate salinization in the facility cultivation process, a preparation method and application.
Background
The facility agriculture area and the yield of China are the first in the world and account for more than 85 percent of the total area of the facility agriculture in the world. In 2016, the facility cultivation area of China is about 6160 ten thousand mu, facility vegetable planting is the main mode of facility cultivation, the facility vegetable area is about 5700 more than ten thousand mu, and the facility vegetable area accounts for 92.5% of the facility cultivation area. The facility cultivation mostly adopts an intensive planting mode with high input, high output and high yield, the temperature and soil temperature of the facility cultivation environment are far higher than those of the external environment, better temperature conditions are provided for soil moisture transpiration, and the salt and water movement law is not beneficial to the salt of the facility soil to enter underground water downwards so as to be gathered on the surface layer of the soil; on the other hand, soil salinity can reduce along with natural rainwater drip washing, but the facility takes closing measures such as film, glass more, and isolated external natural rainwater is to facility soil's influence, therefore very easy aggravation facility soil salinity gathers on the top layer, forms the secondary salinization phenomenon of facility soil, surpasss the scope that crops can bear soil salinity to lead to following planting obstacle: (1) the growth and development of the root system of the plant are hindered, the root system becomes yellow, and the plant wilts; (2) inhibiting the growth and development of crops, and causing leaf atrophy, dark green and leaf margin reverse rolling; (3) the quality of crops is deteriorated and the yield is reduced; (4) the damage of soil structure, the deterioration of cultivated land, the rampant of soil-borne diseases and the like. Especially, more than 90% of facility agriculture in China is vegetable facility cultivation, the requirement of nitrogen fertilizer is large, nitrate and nitrite are accumulated seriously, and the nitrite in vegetables exceeds the standard seriously, so that the quality and safety of agricultural products are seriously endangered, and the method forms a great potential threat to the health of residents in China.
The measures for solving the secondary salinization of the facility soil relate to a scientific soil-bearing method, film uncovering and leaching, scientific fertilization, biological salt elimination, engineering drainage and the like. Wherein, the biological improvement measure has the advantages of low investment, no secondary pollution and the like, but takes effect slowly; the measures such as engineering drainage, soil-passenger law and the like have quick effect, but the cost is higher. Therefore, a scientific, reasonable, environment-friendly, efficient and low-cost treatment way meeting the sustainable development strategy of modern agriculture needs to be found, and the water-soluble salt of facility soil is effectively reduced while secondary pollution caused by soil nutrient loss to the ecological environment of the surrounding water body is avoided.
The main reason for the secondary salinization is that the surface soil N0 is caused by excessive input nitrogen fertilizer3 -Accumulating 50-60% of salt, and prolonging planting life N03 -The content increases year by year. Therefore, the reduction of N0 should be surrounded when improving such soils3 -The content is taken as a measure.
The invention content is as follows:
the invention aims to provide a soil biological denitrifying agent which can solve the problem of accumulation of secondary nitrate in facility cultivation soil, reduce nitrate nitrogen enrichment of facility cultivation crops and improve the quality of agricultural products.
The invention also aims to provide a preparation method of the soil biological denitrifying agent.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide the use of a biological denitrifier.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following steps:
the soil biological denitrifier comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
0.01 to 5 percent of graphene sol solution,
0 to 10 percent of bacillus mucilaginosus,
1 to 10 percent of denitrifying bacteria,
0.1 to 5 percent of monopotassium phosphate,
10 to 15 percent of water,
30 to 40 percent of bran or bran coat,
and the balance of solid filling material.
The graphene sol-gel solution is formed by nanocrystallization, wherein the proportion of the diameter of the graphene particles not more than 200 nanometers is not less than 10%.
The denitrifying bacteria is at least one of aerobic denitrifying bacteria, heterotrophic aerobic denitrifying bacteria and autotrophic denitrifying bacteria.
The solid filler is at least one of diatomite, bentonite, kaolin, edible fungus residues and light calcium carbonate.
The preparation method of the soil biological denitrifier comprises the following steps:
1) preparing materials according to a proportion;
2) bacillus mucilaginosus (B.), (Bacillus mucilaginosus) Denitrifying bacteria and graphene sol solution under the condition of stirringThen slowly adding the mixture into water in sequence, continuously stirring for 0.5-1 hour to prepare a disperse system graphene bacteria mixed solution, gradually mixing the mixed solution with bran or bran from small to large, and stirring until the mixture is uniform;
3) and (3) gradually mixing the mixed material prepared in the steps with potassium dihydrogen phosphate and solid fillers to 100% in sequence under the condition of slow stirring, and stirring and mixing for 0.5-1 hour after completely mixing to prepare the soil biological denitrifying agent.
The soil biological denitrifying agent is used for secondary nitrate salinization improvement of facility cultivation soil, namely, the soil biological denitrifying agent is spread on the surface of a cultivated layer according to the dosage of 1-10 kilograms per mu, then the cultivated layer is ploughed under the soil cultivated layer and leveled into ridges or compartments, then a mulching film is covered on the surface of the cultivated layer, the peripheral edge of the mulching film is buried under a soil thin layer so as to form a relatively sealed environment, the restoration is completed in 14-21 days, and the mulching film is lifted 1-2 times in the period. The cultivation level for plowing, leveling and forming ridges (forming compartments) generally refers to a manual operation level in the facility cultivation process, has no strict width or length size limitation, and is convenient to manually operate.
In the application, the soil biological nitrogen removal agent is firstly applied under a plough layer of soil to be improved according to the dosage of 1-10 kg per mu, then the soil is leveled and covered on a mulching film, and the periphery of the mulching film is buried under thin soil and compacted.
The soil biological denitrifier has the following advantages:
(1) releasing redundant inorganic nitrogen in the soil by using denitrification;
(2) activating a carbon source required by microorganism rapid propagation by using graphene, and promoting nitrate radical to be converted into organic nitrogen;
(3) no secondary pollution of soil.
The soil biological deoxidizer has simple preparation method and good improvement and repair effects when being used for soil secondary nitrate salinization in the facility cultivation process.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
example 1:
100kg of the biological denitrifier product of the embodiment 1 is prepared from the following raw materials:
0.01kg of graphene sol solution
Bacillus alcaligenes eutrophus (A), (B), (C), (Alcaliegenes eutrophus) 1.0 kg
Potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.1kg
10kg of water
Bran coat 30 kg
The balance of bentonite.
The preparation method of the biological denitrifier in the embodiment 1 comprises the following steps: bacillus alcaligenes eutrophus (A), (B), (CAlcaliegenes eutrophus) Slowly adding 1kg of denitrifying bacteria into 10kg of water, uniformly mixing, adding 0.01kg of graphene sol solution containing 10% of graphene particles with the diameter not more than 200 nanometers under the stirring condition, controlling the stirring speed at 20-30 rpm, continuously stirring for 0.5 hour, sequentially adding 30 kg of bran, 0.1kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and bentonite, supplementing 100kg, and continuously stirring for 1 hour to obtain a mixture, namely the biological denitrifier required by the embodiment 1, wherein the graphene sol solution is formed by nanocrystallization treatment.
The biological denitrifying agent in the embodiment 1 is used for improving secondary nitrate salinized soil, namely, the biological denitrifying agent is applied to the surface of a cultivated layer according to the dosage of 10 kilograms per mu, then the soil is ploughed under the cultivated layer of soil, and then the soil is leveled into ridges (chambers) and covered with a mulching film, the peripheral edge of the mulching film is buried under a soil thin layer to form a relatively sealed environment, the mulching film is lifted 1 time after every 7 days, and soil samples of the cultivated layer are taken to detect the nitrate content. The nitrate content in the soil was measured after three weeks as shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 nitrate nitrogen content (mg. kg) of plough layer soil (0-20cm) in different periods-1)
Example 2:
100kg of the biological denitrifier product of the embodiment 2 is prepared from the following raw materials:
5.0kg of graphene sol solution,
10.0 kg of bacillus mucilaginosus,
10kg of JSY bacterial powder (Hubei clean water source environmental protection science and technology Co., Ltd.),
5.0kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate,
15.0 kg of water is added into the reaction kettle,
40.0 kg of bran is added into the mixture,
the balance of diatomite.
The preparation method of the biological denitrifier in the embodiment 2 comprises the following steps: 10kg of purchased bacillus mucilaginosus and 10kg of denitrifying bacteria JSY bacterial powder (Hubei clean water resource environmental protection science and technology Co., Ltd.) are slowly added into 15 kg of water to be uniformly mixed, then 5kg of graphene sol solution containing 10% of graphene particles with the diameter not more than 200 nanometers is sequentially added under the stirring condition, the stirring speed is controlled to be 20-30 r/min, the stirring is continuously carried out for 1 hour, then 40 kg of bran, 5.0kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and diatomite are sequentially and slowly added, the amount is supplemented to 100kg, the stirring is continuously carried out for 1 hour, and the obtained mixture is the biological denitrifier required by the embodiment 2.
The biological denitrifier in the embodiment 1 is used for improving secondary nitrate salinized soil, namely, the biological denitrifier is applied to the surface of a cultivated layer according to the dosage of 1 kilogram per mu, then the biological denitrifier is ploughed under the soil cultivated layer, and then the biological denitrifier is leveled into ridges (chambers) and covered with a mulching film, the peripheral edge of the mulching film is buried under a soil thin layer to form a relatively sealed environment, the mulching film is lifted 1 time after every 5 days, and soil samples of the cultivated layer are taken to detect the nitrate content. The nitrate content in the soil after 14 days was determined as shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2 nitrate nitrogen content (mg. kg) of plough layer soil (0-20cm) in different periods-1)
Example 3:
100kg of the biological denitrifier product of the embodiment 3 is prepared from the following raw materials:
1.0kg of graphene sol solution,
2.0kg of bacillus mucilaginosus,
denitrifying bacteria of Chromobacterium (C.), (Chromobacterium denitrificans) 1.5 kg
Chromobacterium violaceum (A)Chromobacteriumviolaceum) 1.5 kg
3.0kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate,
10.0 kg of water is added into the reaction kettle,
25.0 kg of the bran coat is added,
the balance of kaolin.
The preparation method of the biological denitrifier in the embodiment 3 comprises the following steps: 2.0kg of purchased Bacillus mucilaginosus and denitrifying bacteria (B), (C)Chromobacterium denitrificans) 1.5 kg of Chromobacterium violaceum (I) ((II))Chromobacteriumviolaceum) 1.5 kg of the biological denitrifier is sequentially and slowly added into 10kg of water to be uniformly mixed, 1.0kg of graphene sol solution containing 10% of graphene particles with the diameter not more than 200 nanometers is added under the stirring condition, the stirring speed is controlled to be 20-30 r/min, 25 kg of bran, 3.0kg of monopotassium phosphate and kaolin are sequentially added after the stirring is continuously carried out for 1 hour, the balance is 100kg, the stirring is continuously carried out for 0.5 hour, and the obtained mixture is the biological denitrifier required by the embodiment 3.
The biological denitrifying agent in the embodiment 1 is used for improving secondary nitrate salinized soil, namely, the biological denitrifying agent is applied to the surface of a cultivated layer according to 5 kilograms of dosage per mu, then the soil is ploughed under the cultivated layer of soil, and then the soil is leveled into ridges (chambers) and covered with a mulching film, the peripheral edge of the mulching film is buried under a soil thin layer to form a relatively sealed environment, the mulching film is lifted 1 time after every 6 days, and soil samples of the cultivated layer are taken to detect the nitrate content. The nitrate content in the soil after 18 days was determined as shown in Table 3.
TABLE 3 nitrate nitrogen content (mg. kg) of plough layer soil (0-20cm) in different periods-1)
The result of comparison of the effects of the embodiment of the method for restoring the nitrate-saline soil shows that the soil biological denitrification agent can obviously solve the problem of the accumulation of the secondary nitrate in the facility cultivation soil in a short time and reduce the enrichment of nitrate nitrogen in the facility cultivation crops. The method can be widely applied to the restoration and improvement of secondary nitrate salinization soil in the process of facility cultivation in highly intensive agricultural areas, the content of nitrate in the soil is reduced, the granular structure of the soil is improved, the soil fertility is updated, the soil is fertilized, and the quality of facility cultivation crops is obviously improved.
The above embodiments are further illustrative of the present invention, but it should not be construed that the scope of the above subject matter is limited to the above embodiments. All the technologies realized based on the above contents belong to the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. The soil biological denitrifier comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
0.01 to 5 percent of graphene sol solution,
0 to 10 percent of bacillus mucilaginosus,
1 to 10 percent of denitrifying bacteria,
0.1 to 5 percent of monopotassium phosphate,
10 to 15 percent of water,
30 to 40 percent of bran or bran coat,
the balance of the solid filling material is,
the graphene sol-gel solution is formed by nanocrystallization, wherein the proportion of the diameter of the graphene particles not more than 200 nanometers is not less than 10%.
2. The soil organism denitrifying agent according to claim 1, wherein the denitrifying bacteria are at least one of heterotrophic anaerobic denitrifying bacteria, heterotrophic aerobic denitrifying bacteria, autotrophic denitrifying bacteria.
3. The soil biological denitrifier according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the solid filler is at least one of diatomite, bentonite, kaolin, edible fungus dregs and light calcium carbonate.
4. The preparation method of the soil biological denitrifier is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) proportioning according to a proportion;
2) slowly adding bacillus mucilaginosus, denitrifying bacteria and graphene sol solution into water in sequence under the condition of stirring, continuously stirring for 0.5-1 hour to prepare a dispersion graphene bacteria mixed solution, gradually mixing the dispersion graphene bacteria mixed solution with bran or bran coat from small to large, and stirring until the mixture is uniform;
3) and (3) gradually mixing the mixture prepared in the steps with potassium dihydrogen phosphate and solid fillers to 100% in sequence under the condition of slow stirring, and stirring and mixing for 0.5-1 hour after completely mixing to prepare the soil biological denitrifying agent.
5. The use of the soil biological denitrifier according to claim 1, characterized in that the use is for the secondary nitrate salinization improvement of facility cultivation soil, namely, the soil biological denitrifier is spread on the surface of a cultivated layer according to the dosage of 1-10 kg per mu, then the soil biological denitrifier is ploughed under the cultivated layer of the soil and leveled into ridges or compartments, then a mulching film is covered on the surface of the cultivated layer, the periphery of the mulching film is buried under a soil thin layer so as to form a relatively sealed environment, the restoration is completed in 14-21 days, and the mulching film is opened for 1-2 times.
6. The use of the soil biological denitrifier according to claim 5, characterized in that the soil biological denitrifier is first applied under the soil to be improved in a quantity of 1-10 kg per mu, then the soil is leveled and covered with a mulching film, and the periphery of the mulching film is buried under the subsoil and compacted.
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Application publication date: 20191227 |