CN110603296A - 具有电磁波透射特性的光亮性颜料和包含该颜料的组合物以及涂装体 - Google Patents

具有电磁波透射特性的光亮性颜料和包含该颜料的组合物以及涂装体 Download PDF

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CN110603296A
CN110603296A CN201780090046.9A CN201780090046A CN110603296A CN 110603296 A CN110603296 A CN 110603296A CN 201780090046 A CN201780090046 A CN 201780090046A CN 110603296 A CN110603296 A CN 110603296A
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中村浩一郎
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Abstract

本发明提供一种能够兼顾电磁波透射性、和反射率高且色调为非彩色的外观的光亮性颜料。基于本发明的光亮性颜料具备片状玻璃(1)、以及在片状玻璃(1)上依次形成的氧化钛层(2)和银层(3),用nm单位表示光学厚度时,片状玻璃(1)的光学厚度与氧化钛层(2)的光学厚度的乘积为61000以上且66000以下,银层(3)的物理厚度为35nm以上且55nm以下。

Description

具有电磁波透射特性的光亮性颜料和包含该颜料的组合物以 及涂装体
技术领域
本发明涉及光亮性颜料,具体而言涉及以片状玻璃作为基体且在其上形成有层叠膜的光亮性颜料,更具体而言,涉及具有电磁波透射特性且适于提供亮度高的非彩色(neutral)色调的反射光的光亮性颜料。本发明还涉及含有光亮性颜料的组合物和涂膜包含光亮性颜料的涂装体。
背景技术
光亮性颜料被添加至各种制品中并对该制品赋予粒子状的光反射。以汽车为代表的车辆的涂装所使用的涂料也是其中的一例。作为车辆涂膜中的光亮性颜料,大多使用片状铝(铝片)。铝片薄且反射率高,因此,从这些方面出发,适合于车辆的涂装。
随着高速公路交通系统(ITS)的逐渐开发和普及,具备接收/发送电磁波的毫米波雷达等接收/发送装置的车辆正在增加。预测该倾向会随着自动驾驶技术的逐渐开发而进一步加速。接收/发送装置为了不阻碍电磁波的接收/发送而通常设置在保险杠或其它非金属部件的内侧。但是,作为光亮性颜料而使用铝片的涂料会阻碍电磁波的透射。从这种情况出发,寻求即使涂布至非金属部件的表面也不损害电磁波透射性的涂料。
专利文献1提出了增大车辆涂膜中的铝片间隔来确保电磁波透射性。但是,该提案基本以在某种程度上牺牲由光亮性颜料实现的高反射率作为前提。
还提出了使用在片状无机基体的表面形成有薄金属膜的光亮性颜料来代替铝片。片状无机基体具体为片状玻璃、云母等。例如,专利文献2公开了一种在片状无机基体的表面形成有银合金膜的光亮性颜料。银合金膜在包含银的同时,还包含选自金、钯和铂中的至少1种贵金属。该技术是为了解决若仅利用银进行覆盖则显色偏黄而开发的。但是,该光亮性颜料在同时需要银和价格比银昂贵的贵金属这一点上尚有改善的余地,并且也不适于提供充分排除了不需要的着色的非彩色色调。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1:日本特开2010-30075号公报
专利文献2:日本特开2009-102626号公报
发明内容
发明要解决的课题
鉴于上述情况,本发明的目的在于,提供具有电磁波透射性、和反射率高且色调为非彩色的外观的光亮性颜料。
用于解决课题的方案
本发明提供一种光亮性颜料,其具备片状玻璃、以及在上述片状玻璃上依次形成的氧化钛层和银层,
用nm单位表示光学厚度时,上述片状玻璃的光学厚度与上述氧化钛层的光学厚度的乘积为61000以上且66000以下,
上述银层的物理厚度为35nm以上且55nm以下。
发明效果
根据本发明,可提供具有电磁波透射性、和反射率高且色调为非彩色的外观的光亮性颜料。
附图说明
图1是表示基于本发明的光亮性颜料的一个方案的构成的截面图。
图2是表示片状玻璃的一个方案的立体图。
图3是表示片状玻璃的制造装置的一例的示意图。
图4是表示片状玻璃的制造装置的另一例的示意图。
具体实施方式
以下,说明本发明的详情,但下述说明并不是指将本发明限定为特定的实施方式。
本说明书中,“非彩色”是指:在L*a*b*表色系中,a*和b*的绝对值均为30以下、优选为28以下、更优选为25以下、特别优选为20以下。
[光亮性颜料的层构成]
在图1所示的一个方案中,光亮性颜料10具备片状玻璃1、以及在片状玻璃1上依次形成的氧化钛层2和银层3。更详细而言,氧化钛层2和银层3在片状玻璃1的彼此处于相反侧的第一主面1a和第二主面1b上形成,进而还在侧面1s上形成。换言之,包含氧化钛层2和银层3的层叠膜覆盖片状玻璃1的整体。第一主面1a和第二主面1b是实质上相互平行的一对主面,其间隔相当于片状玻璃1的厚度t。
将片状玻璃1的典型形状示于图2。如图2所示,片状玻璃1例如为鳞片状的薄片。
光亮性颜料10在沿着片状玻璃1的厚度t的方向上,作为光学干涉系统而具有银层3/氧化钛层2/片状玻璃1/氧化钛层2/银层3。以往的通常的光亮性颜料中,仅将除了片状玻璃等基体之外的覆膜视作厚度调整的对象。与此相对,光亮性颜料10通过调整包含作为基体的片状玻璃1的5层构成的光学干涉系统的各层的厚度来控制光学特性。
以下,针对片状玻璃1、氧化钛层2和银层3进行说明。
(片状玻璃)
片状玻璃是也被称为鳞片状玻璃等的微细的板状玻璃基体。构成片状玻璃的玻璃组合物没有特别限定,通常使用以二氧化硅作为主成分且还包含氧化铝、氧化钙、氧化钠等其它金属氧化物成分的物质。需要说明的是,此处,“主成分”被用作表示以质量基准计含有率达到最大的成分的术语。作为可使用的玻璃组合物,可例示出钠钙玻璃、A玻璃、C玻璃、E玻璃、硼硅酸盐玻璃、铝硅酸盐玻璃等。由于这些玻璃组合物的主成分相同(二氧化硅),因此这些玻璃组合物的折射率虽然略有不同,但大致处于1.50~1.60的范围内。作为玻璃组合物,优选为钠钙玻璃、C玻璃、E玻璃、硼硅酸盐玻璃,它们的折射率处于1.52~1.58的范围内。
片状玻璃的优选平均粒径为1~1000μm、进而为3~500μm、特别为5~200μm。需要说明的是,片状玻璃的平均粒径根据在利用激光衍射法而测定的光散射当量直径的粒度分布中从粒径小的一侧起的体积累积相当于50%时的粒径(D50)来确定。
为了获得亮度高且非彩色色调的反射光,片状玻璃的光学厚度优选以其与氧化钛层的光学厚度的乘积达到61000~66000、进而达到61100~65800、尤其达到61300~65700、根据情况达到61500~65500的方式进行设定。此处,光学厚度的乘积以用nm单位表示的数值乘积的形式来表示。以光学厚度的乘积达到上述范围作为前提,片状玻璃的光学厚度优选为400nm~850nm、进一步优选为420nm~830nm、特别优选为430nm~820nm,可以为450nm~810nm。
在分散至薄涂膜中的情况下,片状玻璃的物理厚度优选为500nm以下、进一步优选为470nm以下、特别优选为450nm以下,可以为420nm以下。若考虑到因破损而导致制造时的成品率降低等,则片状玻璃的物理厚度优选为300nm以上、特别优选为350nm以上,可以为370nm以上。
已经确立了将片状玻璃成形为期望厚度的制造技术。作为这种片状玻璃的制造技术,可列举出吹胀法和旋转法。
图3示出用于通过吹胀法来制造片状玻璃的装置的一例。该制造装置具备耐火窑槽12、吹胀喷嘴15和挤压辊17。在耐火窑槽12(熔解槽)中发生了熔融的玻璃坯料11因吹胀喷嘴15所送入的气体而膨胀成气球状,形成中空状玻璃膜16。通过利用挤压辊17将中空状玻璃膜16进行粉碎,能够获得片状玻璃1。通过调节中空状玻璃膜16的拉伸速度、从吹胀喷嘴15送入的气体流量等,能够控制片状玻璃1的厚度。
图4示出用于通过旋转法来制造片状玻璃的装置的一例。该装置具备旋转杯22、一组环状板23和环状旋流型捕集机24。熔融玻璃坯料11流入至旋转杯22中,因离心力而从旋转杯22的上缘部呈放射状流出,穿过环状板23之间而被空气流吸引,并导入至环状旋流型捕集机24中。在通过环状板23的期间,玻璃以薄膜的形状发生冷却和固化,进而被破碎成微小片,由此得到片状玻璃1。通过调节环状板23的间隔、空气流的速度等,能够控制片状玻璃1的厚度。
[氧化钛层]
在片状玻璃等片状基体上以呈现期望的膜厚及结晶形态的方式成膜氧化钛层的技术自身已经确立且已熟知。氧化钛层以其光学膜厚与片状玻璃的光学膜厚的乘积达到上述范围内的方式成膜。将其作为前提,氧化钛层的光学厚度优选为60nm~165nm、进一步优选为70nm~160nm、特别优选为75nm~150nm,可以为78nm~145nm。氧化钛层的物理厚度优选为30nm~82nm、进一步优选为35nm~80nm、特别优选为37nm~75nm,可以为39nm~72nm。
氧化钛层优选由金红石型氧化钛构成。作为氧化钛的结晶形态,还已知锐钛矿型。但是,锐钛矿型氧化钛作为光催化剂的活性高,会有将周围的有机物分解的情况。构成光学干涉单元的氧化钛层适合为处于相对稳定的结晶形态且折射率高的金红石型。
金红石型氧化钛层可通过将锐钛矿型氧化钛加热至800℃左右以上的高温而相转成金红石型来形成。此外,通过使锡化合物附着于要形成氧化钛层的表面并使氧化钛析出,从而能够形成金红石型氧化钛层而无需高温下的加热。后一方法的详情公开在专利文献2、日本特开2001-31421号公报等中。
[银层]
在片状玻璃等片状基体上以达到期望膜厚的方式成膜银层的技术自身已经确立且已熟知。作为银层的成膜技术,还已知溅射法、CVD法等,但从容易以均匀的厚度覆盖基体整体的成膜这一点出发,关于片状玻璃上的成膜,适合为无电解镀敷法。作为无电解镀敷法的原料,经常使用硝酸银。
由过厚的银层无法获得高电磁波透射性。银层的物理厚度适合为55nm以下,优选为50nm以下、进一步优选为47nm以下,可以为45nm以下。铝片的厚度通常为0.3μm左右。即使是物理厚度为60nm的银层,其电磁波屏蔽性也只不过是物理厚度为0.2μm的铝片的一半左右。物理厚度为55nm的银层的电磁波屏蔽性充分低于具有通常程度的厚度的铝片的电磁波屏蔽性的一半。
另一方面,若银层过薄,则难以获得良好的光学特性。因此,银层的物理厚度适合为35nm以上,优选为36nm以上、进一步优选为37nm以上,可以为38nm以上。
[含颜料的组合物和含颜料的涂装体]
基于本发明的光亮性颜料通过配合至各种组合物而显示鲜艳的白色系颜色。本发明从其它方面出发提供包含基于本发明的光亮性颜料的含颜料的组合物。作为含颜料的组合物,可例示出选自涂料、油墨、化妆品和树脂组合物中的至少1种。作为树脂组合物,可例示出包含光亮性颜料且包含作为PMMA和/或聚碳酸酯的树脂的树脂组合物。树脂组合物可以为人造大理石成型品。
此外,本发明从其它方面出发提供一种含颜料的涂装体,其具备基材和在基材上形成的涂膜,所述涂膜包含基于本发明的光亮性颜料。含颜料的涂装体可以为涂装纸。此时的基材为纸,但基材不限定于纸,可以为金属、树脂、陶瓷或其它基材。涂膜可以由基于本发明的含颜料的组合物构成,也可以通过将基于本发明的含颜料的组合物涂布在基材上来形成。
[光学模拟]
对在片状玻璃上依次形成有氧化钛层和银层、且与片状玻璃一同构成光学干涉系统的颜料中的玻璃和层的厚度与光的透射和反射特性的关系进行了计算。包括透射和反射特性在内的光学特性如已熟知的那样,可以根据构成层叠结构(片状基体和层)的材料在各波长下的折射率(n)和消光系数(k)与厚度,基于光的直线传播性和反射、折射(Snell)的定律进行计算。已知通过几何光学理论而计算的反射特性与实际制品的特性高度一致。
本次计算所使用的构成的模型是周围(外部环境)/Ag/TiO2/片状玻璃/TiO2/Ag/周围(外部环境)。作为片状玻璃而设想钠钙玻璃,氧化钛层设为金红石型。外部环境设为空气(折射率为1.0)。设想的光源为D65光源,设想的光入射角为5度,设想的反射光的测定位置为反射角5度的方向。关于反射特性的计算结果示于下表。T和R分别是日本工业标准(JIS)R3106:1998中规定的可见光透射率和可见光反射率(%),L*、a*和b*的数值基于L*a*b*表色系。
此处,一并评价反射特性和透射特性是因为:考虑到穿透了光亮性颜料的一部分光被基底反射而成为反射光的一部分。若透射光的着色程度高(即,若a*和/或b*的绝对值大),则无法获得充分非彩色的反射光的色调。
[表1]
[表2]
[表3]
如表1~3所示,若将片状玻璃的光学厚度(A)与氧化钛层的光学厚度(B)的乘积设为6.1×104~6.6×104的范围内、且将银层的物理厚度设为35nm~55nm的范围内,则反射光和透射光均呈现非彩色的色调,且反射率R达到90%以上。

Claims (6)

1.一种光亮性颜料,其具备片状玻璃、以及在所述片状玻璃上依次形成的氧化钛层和银层,
用nm单位表示光学厚度时,所述片状玻璃的光学厚度与所述氧化钛层的光学厚度的乘积为61000以上且66000以下,
所述银层的物理厚度为35nm以上且55nm以下。
2.根据权利要求1所述的光亮性颜料,其中,所述乘积为61300以上且65700以下。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的光亮性颜料,其中,所述片状玻璃的物理厚度为300nm以上且500nm以下。
4.根据权利要求1~3中任一项所述的光亮性颜料,其中,所述氧化钛层的物理厚度为35nm以上且80nm以下。
5.一种含颜料的组合物,其包含权利要求1~4中任一项所述的光亮性颜料。
6.一种含颜料的涂装体,其具备基材和在所述基材上形成的涂膜,所述涂膜包含权利要求1~4中任一项所述的光亮性颜料。
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