CN110563914A - 一种生物质高容量液态的基膜制备方法 - Google Patents

一种生物质高容量液态的基膜制备方法 Download PDF

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CN110563914A
CN110563914A CN201910844242.1A CN201910844242A CN110563914A CN 110563914 A CN110563914 A CN 110563914A CN 201910844242 A CN201910844242 A CN 201910844242A CN 110563914 A CN110563914 A CN 110563914A
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单志华
王梅
戴睿
陈慧
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Sichuan University
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Abstract

本发明属于人工合成高分子及天然生物高分子复合材料技术领域,公开了一种生物质高容量液态的基膜及其制备方法、地膜、大棚,按照重量份由聚醚基聚氨酯10~30份、天然蛋白降解物70~90份、交联剂1~5份和水500~1000份组成。反应釜中加入聚醚多元醇和二异氰酸酯,制备聚醚基聚氨酯预聚体乳液;在40℃下在聚醚基聚氨酯预聚体乳液中,加入天然蛋白降解产物溶液,制得生物质高容量液态地膜的基膜。本发明将异氰酸酯与多元醇及蛋白多肽作用合成一种高度枝化的水性聚合物,该聚合物在承载30%~50%的生物质材料后仍能够有≥100%的延伸性。可以改善土壤的颗粒结构及具有保湿保墒的功能。

Description

一种生物质高容量液态的基膜制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于高分子合成及天然生物高分子材料技术领域,尤其涉及一种生物质高容量液态的基膜及其制备方法、地膜、大棚。
背景技术
目前,业内常用的现有技术是这样的:随着国家和社会对环保问题的重视,使用传统聚乙烯地膜所带来的白色污染受到高度关注,迫切需要一种环境友好型的地膜材料来取代传统地膜的使用。天然高分子材料作为制备地膜的原料一直成为可降解地膜研究的首选,但是,单纯的天然高分子材料所制备的地膜存在成膜性较差、耐温性较差、降解速度过快的缺陷。近年来,利用天然可降解高分子材料与合成高分子材料复合制备地膜的研究非常突出。聚氨酯由于其优异的成膜性和耐温性等性质被作为制备可降解合成高分子材料的首选,聚氨酯的使用可以大幅提升天然高分子材料的成膜性、耐温性和耐微生物作用,通过调整二者配比可以达到调整降解周期的目的。天然动物蛋白(明胶等)和植物蛋白(大豆蛋白等)具有来源丰富,容易生物降解,是良好的可降解地膜原料来源。但是,天然蛋白存在结晶度高(质脆)、延展性差、易吸水溶胀、不耐微生物作用等缺点。因此,在实际应用中需要对其进行改性,在保证其生物可降解性的基础上降低其结晶性,提高其成膜性、耐温性、耐微生物作用等性能。蛋白质的改性方法很多,其中化学交联改性可以显著提升蛋白质的结构稳定性。聚氨酯中的异氰酸酯基、羧基、羟基等基团均可以与蛋白质发生反应形成有效的交联改性。同时,聚氨酯中混入蛋白质之后能够显著提升提生物降解性能。传统地膜使用过程中需要将材料制备成固态薄膜之后方可使用,不仅需要消耗大量的能源而且施用过程中需要大量的人工操作。
综上所述,现有技术存在的问题是:传统地膜使用过程中需要将材料制备成固态薄膜之后方可使用,需要消耗大量的能源而且施用过程中需要大量的人工操作。
发明内容
针对现有技术存在的问题,本发明提供了一种生物质高容量液态的基膜及其制备方法、地膜、大棚。
本发明是这样实现的,一种生物质高容量液态的基膜,所述生物质高容量液态的基膜按照重量份由聚醚基聚氨酯30~50份、天然蛋白降解物70~90份、交联剂1~5份和水500~1000份组成。
本发明的另一目的在于提供一种所述生物质高容量液态的基膜的制备方法,所述生物质高容量液态的基膜的制备方法包括以下步骤:
第一步,反应釜中加入聚醚多元醇和二异氰酸酯,在60℃下搅拌反应60min;加入适量DMPA,70℃下反应120min;滴加扩链剂,70℃下反应60min;降温至30℃,滴加三乙胺进行中和,中和度控制为80%~100%,中和时间30min;加入蒸馏水高速搅拌乳化30min,获得聚醚基聚氨酯预聚体乳液;
第二步,在40℃下在30~50份聚醚基聚氨酯预聚体乳液中,加入70~90份天然蛋白降解产物溶液,升温至70℃,搅拌120min,加入交联剂1~5份,搅拌30min,制得生物质高容量液态地膜的基膜。
进一步,所述聚醚基聚氨酯乳液制备中所用材料为:
1)聚醚为聚丙烯二醇PPG、聚乙烯二醇PEG、甘油聚醚三醇中的一种,分子量为1000~4000;
2)异氰酸酯为甲苯二异氰酸酯TDI、二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯MDI、六次甲基二异氰酸酯HDI、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯IPDI中的一种;
3)亲水基团为二羟甲基丙酸DMPA,扩链剂为乙二醇EG、丁二醇BDO、乙二胺中的一种。
4)天然蛋白质制造是用100份的动物皮,300~400份水,用1~1.5份的胰蛋白酶,在39~40℃下保温搅拌120~180min,使动物皮完全溶解,反应结束后加入1~5份的EDTA终止反应,获得的降解产物质量分数为25%~30%。
5)交联剂为丙三醇和三乙醇胺中的一种。
本发明的另一目的在于提供一种由所述生物质高容量液态的基膜的制备的地膜。
综上所述,本发明的优点及积极效果为:将异氰酸酯与多元醇及蛋白多肽作用合成一种高度枝化的水性聚合物,该聚合物在承载30%~50%的生物质材料后仍能够有≥100%的延伸性。该基膜与植物生物质及土壤有良好的相容性以及自身的可降解性,可以改善土壤的颗粒结构及具有保湿保墒的功能。
附图说明
图1是本发明实施例提供的生物质高容量液态的基膜的制备方法流程图。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白,以下结合实施例,对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解,此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明,并不用于限定本发明。
本发明将地膜以液态的形式喷洒到农田,不仅能够通过成膜和吸水溶胀等方式增加土壤含水率降低水分蒸发同时达到保湿保墒的效果。产品通过喷洒方法使用,可以大幅降低人工成本。通过调整聚氨酯与蛋白降解物的配比可以调整液态地膜的耐微生物作用性,达到控制其降解周期的目的,在实现保水、保墒的同时解决传统地膜带来的“白色污染”问题。
下面结合附图对本发明的应用原理作详细的描述。
本发明实施例提供的生物质高容量液态的基膜按照重量份由聚醚基聚氨酯30~50份、天然蛋白降解物70~90份、交联剂1~5份和水500~1000份组成。
如图1所示,本发明实施例提供的生物质高容量液态的基膜的制备方法包括以下步骤:
S101:反应釜中加入聚醚多元醇和二异氰酸酯,在60℃下搅拌反应60min;加入适量DMPA,70℃下反应120min;缓慢滴加适量扩链剂,70℃下反应60min;降温至30℃,滴加三乙胺进行中和,中和度控制为80%~100%,中和时间30min;加入计量的蒸馏水高速搅拌乳化30min,获得聚醚基聚氨酯预聚体乳液;
S102:在40℃下在30~50份聚醚基聚氨酯预聚体乳液中,加入70~90份天然蛋白降解产物溶液,升温至70℃,搅拌120min,加入1~5份交联剂,搅拌30min,制得生物质高容量液态地膜的基膜。
在本发明的优选实施例中:聚醚基聚氨酯乳液制备中所用材料为:
1)聚醚为聚丙烯二醇(PPG)、聚乙烯二醇(PEG)、甘油聚醚三醇中的一种,分子量为1000~4000;
2)异氰酸酯为甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)、二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI)、六次甲基二异氰酸酯(HDI)、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)中的一种。
3)亲水基团为二羟甲基丙酸(DMPA),扩链剂为乙二醇(EG)、丁二醇(BDO)、乙二胺中的一种。
在本发明的优选实施例中:于反应釜中加入100份的动物皮,用1~1.5份的胰蛋白酶在40℃下保温搅拌120~180min,使动物皮完全溶解,反应结束后加入1份的EDTA终止反应,获得的降解产物质量分数为25%~30%。
在本发明的优选实施例中:高容量是指生该基膜物在加入膜重30%~50%的生物质材料,如木屑粉、纸浆、木质素后,厚度为0.1~0.5mm膜的延伸率可以≥100%。
下面结合具体实施例对本发明的应用原理作进一步的描述。
实施例1
本发明实施例提供的生物质高容量液态的基膜的制备方法包括以下步骤:
1)于反应釜中加入一定量的聚丙二醇和六亚甲基二异氰酸酯,在60℃下搅拌反应60min;加入适量DMPA,70℃下反应120min;缓慢滴加适量1,4-丁二醇,70℃下反应60min;降温至30℃,滴加三乙胺进行中和,中和度控制为100%,中和时间30min;加入计量的蒸馏水高速搅拌乳化30min,获得水性聚氨酯乳液(含固量~30%)。
2)在40℃下加入30份聚氨酯乳液,加70份胶原蛋白降解产物和500g水,搅拌使蛋白降解物充分溶解,升温至70℃,继续搅拌120min,加入1份交联剂,搅拌30min,制得生物质高容量液态地膜的基膜。
5)加入基膜重30%的木屑粉可以直接使用。
实施例2
本发明实施例提供的生物质高容量液态的基膜的制备方法包括以下步骤:
1)于反应釜中加入一定量的聚乙二醇和甲苯二异氰酸酯,在60℃下搅拌反应60min;然后加入适量DMPA,70℃下反应120min;缓慢滴加适量乙二醇,70℃下反应60min;降温至30℃,滴加三乙胺进行中和,中和度控制为80%,中和时间控制为30min;加入计量的蒸馏水高速搅拌乳化30min,获得水性聚氨酯乳液(含固量~30%)。
2)在40℃下加入40份聚氨酯乳液,加入80份胶原蛋白降解产物和600份,水搅拌使蛋白降解物充分溶解,升温至70℃,继续搅拌120min,加入1份交联剂,搅拌30min,制得生物质高容量液态地膜的基膜。
5)加入基膜重30%的木屑粉可以直接使用。
实施例3
本发明实施例提供的生物质高容量液态的基膜的制备方法包括以下步骤:
1)于反应釜中加入一定量的甘油聚醚三醇和异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯,在60℃下搅拌反应60min;加入适量DMPA,70℃下反应120min;缓慢滴加适量1,4-丁二醇,70℃下反应60min;降温至30℃,滴加三乙胺进行中和,中和度控制为100%,中和时间30min;加入计量的蒸馏水高速搅拌乳化30min,获得水性聚氨酯乳液(含固量~30%)。
2)在40℃下加入50份聚氨酯乳液,加入90份胶原蛋白降解产物和800份水,搅拌使蛋白降解物充分溶解,升温至70℃,继续搅拌120min,加入交联剂,搅拌30min,制得生物质高容量液态地膜的基膜。
5)加入基膜重50%的纸浆可以直接使用。
实例4
实例3基膜制备地膜的应用:蔬菜种子下种后,按照100g/m2施加结果。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (3)

1.一种生物质高容量液态的基膜,其特征在于,所述生物质高容量液态的基膜按照重量份由聚醚基聚氨酯乳液30~50份、天然蛋白降解物70~90份、交联剂1~5份和水500~1000份组成。
2.一种如权利要求1所述生物质高容量液态的基膜的制备方法,其特征在于,所述生物质高容量液态的基膜的制备方法包括以下步骤:
第一步,反应釜中加入聚醚多元醇和二异氰酸酯,在60℃下搅拌反应60min;加入适量DMPA,70℃下反应120min;滴加扩链剂,70℃下反应60min;降温至30℃,滴加三乙胺进行中和,中和度控制为80%~100%,中和时间30min;加入蒸馏水高速搅拌乳化30min,获得聚醚基聚氨酯预聚体乳液;
第二步,在40℃下在聚醚基聚氨酯预聚体乳液中,加入天然蛋白降解产物溶液,升温至70℃,搅拌120min,加入交联剂1~5份,搅拌30min,制得生物质高容量液态地膜的基膜。
3.如权利要求2所述的生物质高容量液态的基膜的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的制备中所用材料为:
1)聚醚为聚丙烯二醇PPG、聚乙烯二醇PEG、甘油聚醚三醇中的一种,分子量为1000~4000;
2)异氰酸酯为甲苯二异氰酸酯TDI、二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯MDI、六次甲基二异氰酸酯HDI、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯IPDI中的一种;
3)亲水基团为二羟甲基丙酸DMPA,扩链剂为乙二醇EG、丁二醇BDO、乙二胺中的一种;
4)天然蛋白质制造是用100份的动物皮,300~400份水,用1~1.5份的胰蛋白酶,在39~40℃下保温搅拌120~180min,使动物皮完全溶解,反应结束后加入1~5份的EDTA终止反应,获得的降解产物质量分数为25%~30%;
5)交联剂为丙三醇和三乙醇胺中的一种。
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