CN110559395B - 一种石斛速溶冻干块的制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种石斛速溶冻干块的制备方法,包括如下步骤:(1)新鲜石斛原料洗净切段;(2)高速破壁;(3)离心过滤;(4)高速分散;(5)高压均质,(6)添加冻干保护剂;(7)冷冻干燥;(8)包装。本发明通过添加赋形剂使产品保持多空结构,具有更优的复溶速溶,分散均匀,口感滑口,使得本发明制得的石斛速溶冻干块的保质期长、品质好、低温下即能复溶、携带方便特点,具有广阔的市场应用前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于食品加工技术领域,具体涉及一种石斛速溶冻干块的制备方法。
背景技术
石斛是一种草本植物为兰科(Orchidaceae)石斛属(Dendrombium),味甘、淡,性属微寒,具有滋阴清热和养胃生津的功效。2015年版中国药典收录了铁皮石斛、石斛(来源金钗石斛、鼓槌石斛、流苏石斛)。石斛具有“主伤中,除痹,下气,补五脏虚劳赢瘦,强阴,久服厚肠胃,轻身延年”之功效。为传统名贵中药材之一,石斛在民间有着“中华九大仙草之首”的美誉,具有多种生物活性物质的珍贵中药。其化学成分主要有多糖、生物碱、氨基酸、黄铜类、酸酸类、微量元素、菲类和联苄类化合物等。现代药理研究表明,石斛具有抗氧化、增强机体免疫力、降血糖、抗疲劳、抗肿瘤、促消化、促进唾液分泌等药理作用。
目前市场销售的石斛产品,一是鲜品销售,包括茎、花和叶;二是将石斛剪去叶片和须根后,茎烘干制成干品,即枫斗;三是加工产品,主要有浸膏、胶囊、口服液、复方制剂等类型的保健品和药品。目前以石斛鲜品和枫斗为主要的销售品。鲜石斛储藏和运输成本高,加上其加工技术的限制,新鲜石斛保鲜困难,无法进行大规模流通和销售。枫斗加工过程中导致热敏物质的挥发性和活性成分的损失,颜色为棕黄色。鲜品和枫斗均存在服用不方便、有效成分溶出少和生物利用度低等缺点。石斛中含有大量的粘多糖和纤维素成分,其不易分散,开水冲服易粘结成团,影响其服用。CN101700361A公开了一种铁皮石斛速溶粉及其制剂制备方法,所述新鲜铁皮石斛加水榨汁,后冷冻干燥或喷雾干燥再加入辅料制备得铁皮石斛速溶粉,该方法制备石斛速溶粉其复溶度低,且冻干过程已发生鼓泡、起皮、断裂,影响其冻干效率。CN104056069A公开了一种石斛破壁制剂的制备方法,所述石斛进行破壁粉碎再制粒干燥得石斛破壁制剂,该制剂开水冲服易粘团,溶解度不好。CN104623312A公开了一种石斛速溶粉、其制备方法及用途,所述新鲜铁皮石斛加水匀浆,加辅料喷雾干燥再造粒得铁皮石斛速溶粉,该方法制备石斛速溶粉其打浆和喷雾等过程温度较高导致热敏物质的挥发性和活性成分的损失颜色发生变化,且在水中的溶解度不够好,为了是产品在干燥后仍能保持原有的体积和形态,加入水后能迅速完全的溶解,在干燥过程中,常需要添加一定量的赋形剂保持冻干后产品的多孔固状结构。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术缺陷,提供一种石斛速溶冻干块的制备方法。
本发明的技术方案如下:
一种石斛速溶冻干块的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)将新鲜石斛原料洗净后切成1~3cm的小段;
(2)将上述小段置于破壁装置中,与10~20倍体积的水混合,以30000~35000rpm的转速破壁1~2min;
(3)将步骤(2)所得的物料采用三足式离心过滤,其转速为500~800rpm;
(4)将步骤(3)所得的固体置于高速分散装置中,以8000~15000rpm的转速分散3~5min;
(5)将步骤(4)所得的物料置于高压均质装置中进行高压均质2~4次,每次高压均质均依次包括第一均质和第二均质,其中第一均质的压力为400~500Bar,第二均质的压力为1500~2000Bar;
(6)在步骤(5)所得的物料中加入1~5wt%的冻干保护剂,该冻干保护剂为乳糖、葡萄糖、蔗糖、甘露醇和右旋糖酐中的至少一种;
(7)将步骤(6)所得的物料进行冻干,获得含水量为2.0~5.0wt%的石斛速溶冻干块,该冻干依次包括预冻、升华干燥和解吸附干燥,具体如下:
预冻:板层温度在2~2.5h内匀速降温到-40~-50℃,并在此温度保存3~5h;
升华干燥:冻干机前箱压力降至26Pa±2Pa,板层温度从-40~-50℃快速升温至-20~-10℃并保持2~3h,接着板层温度从-20~-10℃快速升温至-1~1℃并保持24~72h,然后板层温度从-1~1℃快速升温至4~6℃并保持6~12h,最后板层温度从4~6℃快速升温至9~11℃并保持10h;
解吸附干燥:冻干机前箱压力保持在26Pa±2Pa,板层温度从9~11℃快速升温至34~36℃并保持10~24h。
在本发明的一个优选实施方案中,所述新鲜石斛原料为环草石斛Dendrobiumloddigesii Rolfe.、马鞭石斛Dendrobiumfimbriatum Hook.var.oculatum Hook.、黄草石斛Dendrobium chrysanthum Wall.、铁皮石斛Dendrobium candidum Wall.ex Lindl.或金钗石斛Dendrobium nobile Lindl.的新鲜茎。
在本发明的一个优选实施方案中,所述冻干保护剂为乳糖、葡萄糖、蔗糖、甘露醇和右旋糖酐中的一种或两种。
在本发明的一个优选实施方案中,所述冻干保护剂为乳糖、葡萄糖、蔗糖、甘露醇或右旋糖酐。
在本发明的一个优选实施方案中,所述预冻为:板层温度在2h内匀速降温到-40℃,并在此温度保存3h。
在本发明的一个优选实施方案中,所述升华干燥为:冻干机前箱压力降至26Pa±2Pa,板层温度从-40℃快速升温至-20℃并保持2h,接着板层温度从-20℃快速升温至0℃并保持24h,然后板层温度从0℃快速升温至5℃并保持6h,最后板层温度从5℃快速升温至10℃并保持10h。
在本发明的一个优选实施方案中,所述解吸附干燥为:冻干机前箱压力保持在26Pa±2Pa,板层温度从10℃快速升温至35℃并保持10h。
本发明的有益效果是:
1、本发明应用高速破壁、高速分散、高压均质、冷冻干燥等现代加工技术,将石斛鲜品加工成速溶冻干块,外形丰满、不萎缩、不鼓泡、色泽均匀、呈多孔性、结构牢靠、复溶速度快、残余水分低,且与新鲜石斛有相同的感官效果。
2、本发明通过添加赋形剂使产品保持多空结构,具有更优的复溶速溶,分散均匀,口感滑口,使得本发明制得的石斛速溶冻干块的保质期长、品质好、低温下即能复溶、携带方便特点,具有广阔的市场应用前景。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例3制得的石斛速溶冻干块的扫描电镜照片。
具体实施方式
以下通过具体实施方式对本发明的技术方案进行进一步的说明和描述。
下述实施例中的新鲜石斛原料为环草石斛Dendrobium loddigesii Rolfe.、马鞭石斛Dendrobium fimbriatum Hook.var:oculatum Hook.、黄草石斛Dendrobiumchrysanthum Wall.、铁皮石斛Dendrobium candidum Wall.ex Lindl.或金钗石斛Dendrobium nobile Lindl.的新鲜茎。
实施例1
(1)将新鲜石斛原料去掉叶子,洗净后切成1-2cm的小段;
(2)将上述小段置于破壁装置中,与10倍体积的蒸馏水混合,以30000rpm的转速破壁1min;
(3)将步骤(2)所得的物料采用三足式离心过滤,其转速为500~800rpm;
(4)将步骤(3)所得的固体置于高速分散装置中,以8000rpm的转速分散3min;
(5)将步骤(4)所得的物料置于高压均质装置中进行高压均质2次,每次高压均质均依次包括第一均质和第二均质,其中第一均质的压力为400Bar,第二均质的压力为1500Bar;
(6)在步骤(5)所得的物料中加入5wt%的乳糖;
(7)将步骤(6)所得的物料进行冻干,获得含水量为2.0~5.0wt%的石斛速溶冻干块,该冻干依次包括预冻、升华干燥和解吸附干燥,具体如下:
预冻:板层温度在2h内匀速降温到-40℃,并在此温度保存3h;
升华干燥:冻干机前箱压力降至26Pa±2Pa,板层温度从-40℃快速升温至-20℃并保持2h,接着板层温度从-20℃快速升温至0℃并保持24h,然后板层温度从0℃快速升温至5℃并保持6h,最后板层温度从5℃快速升温至10℃并保持10h;
解吸附干燥:冻干机前箱压力保持在26Pa±2Pa,板层温度从10℃快速升温至35℃并保持10h;
(8)将上述干燥好的石斛速溶冻干块按照10g/罐分装,包装,得到成品。
实施例2
(1)将新鲜石斛原料去掉叶子,洗净后切成1-2cm的小段;
(2)将上述小段置于破壁装置中,与10倍体积的蒸馏水混合,以30000rpm的转速破壁1min;
(3)将步骤(2)所得的物料采用三足式离心过滤,其转速为500~800rpm;
(4)将步骤(3)所得的固体置于高速分散装置中,以8000rpm的转速分散3min;
(5)将步骤(4)所得的物料置于高压均质装置中进行高压均质2次,每次高压均质均依次包括第一均质和第二均质,其中第一均质的压力为400Bar,第二均质的压力为1500Bar;
(6)在步骤(5)所得的物料中加入5wt%的蔗糖;
(7)将步骤(6)所得的物料进行冻干,获得含水量为2.0~5.0wt%的石斛速溶冻干块,该冻干依次包括预冻、升华干燥和解吸附干燥,具体如下:
预冻:板层温度在2h内匀速降温到-40℃,并在此温度保存3h;
升华干燥:冻干机前箱压力降至26Pa±2Pa,板层温度从-40℃快速升温至-20℃并保持2h,接着板层温度从-20℃快速升温至0℃并保持24h,然后板层温度从0℃快速升温至5℃并保持6h,最后板层温度从5℃快速升温至10℃并保持10h;
解吸附干燥:冻干机前箱压力保持在26Pa±2Pa,板层温度从10℃快速升温至35℃并保持10h;
(8)将上述干燥好的石斛速溶冻干块按照10g/罐分装,包装,得到成品。
实施例3
(1)将新鲜石斛原料去掉叶子,洗净后切成1-2cm的小段;
(2)将上述小段置于破壁装置中,与10倍体积的蒸馏水混合,以30000rpm的转速破壁1min;
(3)将步骤(2)所得的物料采用三足式离心过滤,其转速为500~800rpm;
(4)将步骤(3)所得的固体置于高速分散装置中,以8000rpm的转速分散3min;
(5)将步骤(4)所得的物料置于高压均质装置中进行高压均质2次,每次高压均质均依次包括第一均质和第二均质,其中第一均质的压力为400Bar,第二均质的压力为1500Bar;
(6)在步骤(5)所得的物料中加入5wt%的葡萄糖;
(7)将步骤(6)所得的物料进行冻干,获得如图1所示的含水量为2.0~5.0wt%的石斛速溶冻干块,该冻干依次包括预冻、升华干燥和解吸附干燥,具体如下:
预冻:板层温度在2h内匀速降温到-40℃,并在此温度保存3h;
升华干燥:冻干机前箱压力降至26Pa±2Pa,板层温度从-40℃快速升温至-20℃并保持2h,接着板层温度从-20℃快速升温至0℃并保持24h,然后板层温度从0℃快速升温至5℃并保持6h,最后板层温度从5℃快速升温至10℃并保持10h;
解吸附干燥:冻干机前箱压力保持在26Pa±2Pa,板层温度从10℃快速升温至35℃并保持10h;
(8)将上述干燥好的石斛速溶冻干块按照10g/罐分装,包装,得到成品。
实施例4
(1)将新鲜石斛原料去掉叶子,洗净后切成1-2cm的小段;
(2)将上述小段置于破壁装置中,与10倍体积的蒸馏水混合,以30000rpm的转速破壁1min;
(3)将步骤(2)所得的物料采用三足式离心过滤,其转速为500~800rpm;
(4)将步骤(3)所得的固体置于高速分散装置中,以8000rpm的转速分散3min;
(5)将步骤(4)所得的物料置于高压均质装置中进行高压均质2次,每次高压均质均依次包括第一均质和第二均质,其中第一均质的压力为400Bar,第二均质的压力为1500Bar;
(6)在步骤(5)所得的物料中加入5wt%的甘露醇;
(7)将步骤(6)所得的物料进行冻干,获得含水量为2.0~5.0wt%的石斛速溶冻干块,该冻干依次包括预冻、升华干燥和解吸附干燥,具体如下:
预冻:板层温度在2h内匀速降温到-40℃,并在此温度保存3h;
升华干燥:冻干机前箱压力降至26Pa±2Pa,板层温度从-40℃快速升温至-20℃并保持2h,接着板层温度从-20℃快速升温至0℃并保持24h,然后板层温度从0℃快速升温至5℃并保持6h,最后板层温度从5℃快速升温至10℃并保持10h;
解吸附干燥:冻干机前箱压力保持在26Pa±2Pa,板层温度从10℃快速升温至35℃并保持10h;
(8)将上述干燥好的石斛速溶冻干块按照10g/罐分装,包装,得到成品。
实施例5
(1)将新鲜石斛原料去掉叶子,洗净后切成1-2cm的小段;
(2)将上述小段置于破壁装置中,与10倍体积的蒸馏水混合,以30000rpm的转速破壁1min;
(3)将步骤(2)所得的物料采用三足式离心过滤,其转速为500~800rpm;
(4)将步骤(3)所得的固体置于高速分散装置中,以8000rpm的转速分散3min;
(5)将步骤(4)所得的物料置于高压均质装置中进行高压均质2次,每次高压均质均依次包括第一均质和第二均质,其中第一均质的压力为400Bar,第二均质的压力为1500Bar;
(6)在步骤(5)所得的物料中加入5wt%的右旋糖酐;
(7)将步骤(6)所得的物料进行冻干,获得含水量为2.0~5.0wt%的石斛速溶冻干块,该冻干依次包括预冻、升华干燥和解吸附干燥,具体如下:
预冻:板层温度在2h内匀速降温到-40℃,并在此温度保存3h;
升华干燥:冻干机前箱压力降至26Pa±2Pa,板层温度从-40℃快速升温至-20℃并保持2h,接着板层温度从-20℃快速升温至0℃并保持24h,然后板层温度从0℃快速升温至5℃并保持6h,最后板层温度从5℃快速升温至10℃并保持10h;
解吸附干燥:冻干机前箱压力保持在26Pa±2Pa,板层温度从10℃快速升温至35℃并保持10h;
(8)将上述干燥好的石斛速溶冻干块按照10g/罐分装,包装,得到成品。
实施例6
(1)将新鲜石斛原料去掉叶子,洗净后切成1-2cm的小段;
(2)将上述小段置于破壁装置中,与10倍体积的蒸馏水混合,以30000rpm的转速破壁1min;
(3)将步骤(2)所得的物料采用三足式离心过滤,其转速为500~800rpm;
(4)将步骤(3)所得的固体置于高速分散装置中,以8000rpm的转速分散3min;
(5)将步骤(4)所得的物料置于高压均质装置中进行高压均质2次,每次高压均质均依次包括第一均质和第二均质,其中第一均质的压力为400Bar,第二均质的压力为1500Bar;
(6)将步骤(5)所得的物料进行冻干,获得含水量为2.0~5.0wt%的石斛速溶冻干块,该冻干依次包括预冻、升华干燥和解吸附干燥,具体如下:
预冻:板层温度在2h内匀速降温到-40℃,并在此温度保存3h;
升华干燥:冻干机前箱压力降至26Pa±2Pa,板层温度从-40℃快速升温至-20℃并保持2h,接着板层温度从-20℃快速升温至0℃并保持24h,然后板层温度从0℃快速升温至5℃并保持6h,最后板层温度从5℃快速升温至10℃并保持10h;
解吸附干燥:冻干机前箱压力保持在26Pa±2Pa,板层温度从10℃快速升温至35℃并保持10h;
(7)将上述干燥好的石斛速溶冻干块按照10g/罐分装,包装,得到成品。
上述各实施例制得的成品的产品外观及复溶时间的数据如下表所示:
以上所述,仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已,故不能依此限定本发明实施的范围,即依本发明专利范围及说明书内容所作的等效变化与修饰,皆应仍属本发明涵盖的范围内。
Claims (2)
1.一种石斛速溶冻干块的制备方法,其特征在于:包括如下步骤:
(1)将新鲜石斛原料洗净后切成1~3cm的小段;
(2)将上述小段置于破壁装置中,与10~20倍体积的水混合,以30000~35000rpm的转速破壁1~2min;
(3)将步骤(2)所得的物料采用三足式离心过滤,其转速为500~800rpm;
(4)将步骤(3)所得的固体置于高速分散装置中,以8000~15000rpm的转速分散3~5min;
(5)将步骤(4)所得的物料置于高压均质装置中进行高压均质2~4次,每次高压均质均依次包括第一均质和第二均质,其中第一均质的压力为400~500Bar,第二均质的压力为1500~2000Bar;
(6)在步骤(5)所得的物料中加入1~5wt%的冻干保护剂,该冻干保护剂为乳糖、葡萄糖、蔗糖、甘露醇或右旋糖酐;
(7)将步骤(6)所得的物料进行冻干,获得含水量为2.0~5.0wt%的石斛速溶冻干块,该冻干依次包括预冻、升华干燥和解吸附干燥,具体如下:
预冻:板层温度在2h内匀速降温到-40℃,并在此温度保存3h;
升华干燥:冻干机前箱压力降至26Pa±2Pa,板层温度从-40℃快速升温至-20℃并保持2h,接着板层温度从-20℃快速升温至0℃并保持24h,然后板层温度从0℃快速升温至5℃并保持6h,最后板层温度从5℃快速升温至10℃并保持10h;
解吸附干燥:冻干机前箱压力保持在26Pa±2Pa,板层温度从10℃快速升温至35℃并保持10h。
2.如权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于:所述新鲜石斛原料为环草石斛Dendrobium loddigesii Rolfe.、马鞭石斛Dendrobium fimbriatum Hook. var. oculatum Hook .、黄草石斛Dendrobium chrysanthum Wall.、铁皮石斛Dendrobium candidum Wall. ex Lindl.或金钗石斛Dendrobium nobile Lindl.的新鲜茎。
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