CN110558180A - Planting method for high-yield rice in karst region - Google Patents
Planting method for high-yield rice in karst region Download PDFInfo
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- CN110558180A CN110558180A CN201910919689.0A CN201910919689A CN110558180A CN 110558180 A CN110558180 A CN 110558180A CN 201910919689 A CN201910919689 A CN 201910919689A CN 110558180 A CN110558180 A CN 110558180A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
- A01G22/22—Rice
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
- A01G24/23—Wood, e.g. wood chips or sawdust
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
- A01N37/44—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and a nitrogen atom attached to the same carbon skeleton by a single or double bond, this nitrogen atom not being a member of a derivative or of a thio analogue of a carboxylic group, e.g. amino-carboxylic acids
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
- A01N65/40—Liliopsida [monocotyledons]
- A01N65/44—Poaceae or Gramineae [Grass family], e.g. bamboo, lemon grass or citronella grass
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B1/00—Superphosphates, i.e. fertilisers produced by reacting rock or bone phosphates with sulfuric or phosphoric acid in such amounts and concentrations as to yield solid products directly
- C05B1/02—Superphosphates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C9/00—Fertilisers containing urea or urea compounds
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of rice, in particular to a planting method of high-yield rice in a karst region; the method comprises the following steps: seed treatment; sowing; seedling management; transplanting; managing the field; and (4) pest control. According to the method provided by the invention, through seed soaking treatment, seedling raising and antibacterial base fertilizer combined treatment, the disease and insect resistance of the rice is enhanced, and the incidence rate of plant diseases and insect pests in the rice planting process is reduced; through reasonable fertilization management, the maturing rate and the grain weight of the rice are improved, and the yield of the rice is increased.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of rice, and particularly relates to a planting method of high-yield rice in a karst region.
Background
Rice is an important food crop for human beings, and about 50% of the world population uses rice as staple food. In asia, the population with rice as the staple food accounts for approximately 95% of the total asian population. In recent years, with the increase of population and the drastic reduction of available land, China is under pressure of food demand. Therefore, the research of ultra-high yield breeding and cultivation of rice is paid attention, and the research of maximally mining the genetic potential of crop varieties and improving cultivation management technology is always the key point of agricultural research. The southern Qianxie area is one of the main rice producing areas in Guizhou province. The southwest area of Qianxiang belongs to karst landform, mainly mountainous regions and hills, has complex topography, lacks scientific planting and management technology, and has lower rice yield.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems in the prior art, the invention provides a planting method of high-yield rice in a karst region, which is realized by the following technical scheme:
A planting method of high-yield rice in karst regions comprises the following steps:
(1) Seed treatment: sun-drying the rice seeds for 1-2 days, soaking in the seed soaking solution for 30-40min, taking out, and accelerating germination;
(2) Sowing: watering the seedling substrate thoroughly, then uniformly spreading a layer of nutrient, and then sowing the rice seeds after germination acceleration according to the proportion of 1-1.2kg/25m2the amount of the seed is sowed on a seedling culture substrate, and then 1 layer of thin film is covered on an arch frame to culture seedlings;
(3) Seedling management: when the seedlings grow to 2.5-3.5 leaves, uncovering the film, and spraying 1 time of water-soluble fertilizer; spraying a water soluble fertilizer 5 days before transplanting seedlings;
(4) Transplanting: applying an antibacterial base fertilizer in the rice field, deep ploughing to 30cm deep, cutting seedlings according to the plant row spacing of 9 inches multiplied by 6 inches, inserting about 1.1 ten thousand holes per mu, and inserting two seedlings in each hole;
(5) Field management: in the tillering stage, the young ear differentiation stage and the full heading stage of the main stem of the rice, additional fertilizer is respectively applied by tillering fertilizer, spike fertilizer and grain fertilizer; irrigating according to a conventional method;
(6) and (3) pest control: the pests of the rice borers and the leaf rollers are prevented and controlled by chlorantraniliprole for 2 times; the rice planthopper insect pests are prevented and controlled by pymetrozine for 3 times; the rice blast is controlled by Fushiyi in the tillering stage of the rice for 4 times, and the key control is the late heading stage; the rice sheath blight disease is controlled by validamycin for 2 times; the ustilaginoidea virens is used for preventing and treating 1 time 5 days before the rice is cut.
Preferably, the seed soaking liquid is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 3-4 parts of arabidopsis thaliana, 2-3 parts of wintergreen bud, 8-10 parts of calamus, 3-4 parts of Chinese pulsatilla root, 8-10 parts of bitter bamboo leaf, 6-7 parts of purple brown leaf tree bark, 6-7 parts of rosemary and 0.02-0.04 part of EDTA; the preparation method of the seed soaking liquid comprises the following steps: mixing Arabidopsis thaliana and Chinese ilex bud, adding 10 times of 85% cold ethanol, grinding, leaching at 4 deg.C for 24 hr, filtering, and recovering ethanol from filtrate to obtain leaching solution A; pulverizing rhizoma Acori Calami, radix Pulsatillae, folium Pleioblasti, Machilus Photiniae, and herba Rosmarini officinalis, mixing, adding 10 times of 75% ethanol, leaching at 40-50 deg.C for 2 hr, filtering, and recovering ethanol from filtrate to obtain leaching solution B; mixing and diluting the leaching liquor A, the leaching liquor B and EDTA by 10 times to obtain the leaching liquor.
Preferably, the seedling substrate is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100-150 parts of garden soil, 60-80 parts of wormcast, 8-10 parts of reed stems, 10-15 parts of liquorice herb residues, 4-5 parts of waste tobacco leaves, 6-7 parts of bitter bamboo leaves, 8-10 parts of rough leaf barks, 2-3 parts of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer and 0.05 part of potassium chloride.
preferably, the preparation method of the seedling substrate comprises the following steps: pulverizing reed stem, Glycyrrhrizae radix residue, waste tobacco leaf, folium Pleioblasti, and cortex Et cacumen Tataricae, mixing with wormcast, inoculating 0.01-0.02 wt% of yeast, and fermenting for 3-4 days to obtain primary fermented product; mixing the primary fermentation product with the garden soil, inoculating Sclerotinia of 0.02-0.03% of the mass of the mixture, and performing heap fermentation for 4-5d to obtain a secondary fermentation product; and uniformly mixing the secondary fermentation product with the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer and potassium chloride to obtain the seedling culture substrate.
Preferably, the nutrient is prepared by mixing 40-50 parts of calcium superphosphate, 6-10 parts of decomposed oil cake, 4-6 parts of turfy soil, 3-4 parts of shell powder and 0.1-0.2 part of sodium selenite in parts by weight; 55-60kg of nutrients are applied to the surface of each 25 square meters of seedling raising substrate.
Preferably, the water soluble fertilizer is prepared by mixing 8-10 parts of urea, 6-8 parts of 80% ethylicin missible oil, 1-2 parts of 0.33% validamycin powder, 0.5-1 part of trehalose, 0.1-0.2 part of pyroligneous liquor and 1000 parts of water in parts by weight.
Preferably, the antibacterial base fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30-40 parts of oil cake, 20-30 parts of mushroom dregs, 10-20 parts of licorice dregs, 8-10 parts of waste tobacco leaves, 5-10 parts of seaweed, 3-5 parts of ammonia oxidation lignin, 80-100 parts of calcium superphosphate, 30-40 parts of silicon-calcium fertilizer, 20-30 parts of potassium chloride and 8-10 parts of urea; 250-300kg of antibacterial base fertilizer is applied per mu.
Preferably, the preparation method of the antibacterial base fertilizer comprises the following steps: adding sodium carbonate accounting for about 1% of the weight of seaweed and water accounting for about 5 times of the weight of seaweed into the seaweed to prepare slurry, and uniformly mixing the slurry with ammonia oxidized lignin, calcium superphosphate, a silicon-calcium fertilizer, potassium chloride and urea to obtain a mixed inorganic fertilizer; mixing oil cake, mushroom dregs, licorice dregs and waste tobacco leaves, crushing, inoculating 0.03-0.04% of bacillus subtilis, and fermenting for 4-5 days to obtain an organic fertilizer; and (3) uniformly mixing the mixed inorganic fertilizer and the organic fertilizer to obtain the antibacterial base fertilizer.
Preferably, in the step (5), the tillering fertilizer is applied to 7-10kg of urea per mu; the ear fertilizer is prepared by applying 6-7.5kg of urea and 10kg of potassium chloride per mu; the granular fertilizer is prepared by applying 5-7kg of urea per mu and spraying 100g of grains with 60kg of water per mu on leaf surfaces.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the extract of calamus, Chinese pulsatilla root, bitter bamboo leaf, bark of brown leaf tree and rosemary has good bactericidal and deinsectization effects, and can enhance the antibacterial and anti-pest immunity of rice seeds; the extract of arabidopsis thaliana and wintergreen buds contains plant growth hormone substances, so that the germination of rice seeds can be promoted, and the absorption of the rice seeds to a nutrient solution can be promoted; the EDTA can further promote the absorption of the rice seeds on the nutrient solution; therefore, the nutrient solution has the functions of enhancing the antibacterial and disease and insect resistance of the rice seeds and promoting the germination of the rice seeds. The seedling raising medium adopted in seedling raising contains rich nutrients and plant active ingredients, so that the antibacterial and disease and insect resistance of seedlings can be enhanced, and strong seedlings can be cultured; when the seedling substrate is prepared, mycorrhizal fungi Scotch glomus fermentation is added, so that the absorption of the seedlings to active ingredients in the seedling substrate can be promoted, and the insect-resistant and disease-resistant capabilities of the seedlings are improved. During seedling raising, a layer of nutrient is sprayed on the surface of the seedling raising substrate to promote germination of the germination accelerating seeds and growth of root systems. The antibacterial base fertilizer can further enhance the antibacterial and disease and insect resistant capability of rice plants and reduce the incidence rate of plant diseases and insect pests in the growth process of rice. In the field management process, the seed setting rate and the grain weight of the rice are improved and the yield of the rice is increased through reasonable application of the tillering fertilizer, the panicle fertilizer and the grain fertilizer.
According to the method provided by the invention, through seed soaking treatment, seedling raising and antibacterial base fertilizer combined treatment, the disease and insect resistance of the rice is enhanced, and the incidence rate of plant diseases and insect pests in the rice planting process is reduced; through reasonable fertilization management, the maturing rate and the grain weight of the rice are improved, and the yield of the rice is increased.
Detailed Description
the technical solution of the present invention is further defined below with reference to the specific embodiments, but the scope of the claims is not limited to the description.
example 1
A planting method of high-yield rice in karst regions comprises the following steps:
(1) seed treatment: sun-drying the rice seeds for 1-2 days, soaking in the seed soaking solution for 30-40min, taking out, and accelerating germination;
(2) Sowing: watering the seedling substrate thoroughly, then uniformly spreading a layer of nutrient, and then sowing the rice seeds after germination acceleration according to the proportion of 1-1.2kg/25m2The amount of the seed is sowed on a seedling culture substrate, and then 1 layer of thin film is covered on an arch frame to culture seedlings;
(3) Seedling management: when the seedlings grow to 2.5-3.5 leaves, uncovering the film, and spraying 1 time of water-soluble fertilizer; spraying a water soluble fertilizer 5 days before transplanting seedlings;
(4) transplanting: applying an antibacterial base fertilizer in the rice field, deep ploughing to 30cm deep, cutting seedlings according to the plant row spacing of 9 inches multiplied by 6 inches, inserting about 1.1 ten thousand holes per mu, and inserting two seedlings in each hole;
(5) Field management: in the tillering stage, the young ear differentiation stage and the full heading stage of the main stem of the rice, additional fertilizer is respectively applied by tillering fertilizer, spike fertilizer and grain fertilizer; the tillering fertilizer is formed by applying 7-10kg of urea per mu; the ear fertilizer is prepared by applying 6-7.5kg of urea and 10kg of potassium chloride per mu; the grain fertilizer is characterized in that 5-7kg of urea is applied per mu, and 100g of grains are mixed with 60kg of water for foliar spraying per mu; irrigating according to a conventional method;
(6) and (3) pest control: the pests of the rice borers and the leaf rollers are prevented and controlled by chlorantraniliprole for 2 times; the rice planthopper insect pests are prevented and controlled by pymetrozine for 3 times; the rice blast is controlled by Fushiyi in the tillering stage of the rice for 4 times, and the key control is the late heading stage; the rice sheath blight disease is controlled by validamycin for 2 times; the ustilaginoidea virens is used for preventing and treating 1 time 5 days before the rice is cut.
The seed soaking liquid is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 3-4kg of arabidopsis thaliana, 2-3kg of wintergreen bud, 8-10kg of calamus, 3-4kg of Chinese pulsatilla root, 8-10kg of bitter bamboo leaf, 6-7kg of purple brown leaf tree bark, 6-7kg of rosemary and 0.02-0.04kg of EDTA; the preparation method of the seed soaking liquid comprises the following steps: mixing Arabidopsis thaliana and Chinese ilex bud, adding 10 times of 85% cold ethanol, grinding, leaching at 4 deg.C for 24 hr, filtering, and recovering ethanol from filtrate to obtain leaching solution A; pulverizing rhizoma Acori Calami, radix Pulsatillae, folium Pleioblasti, Machilus Photiniae, and herba Rosmarini officinalis, mixing, adding 10 times of 75% ethanol, leaching at 40-50 deg.C for 2 hr, filtering, and recovering ethanol from filtrate to obtain leaching solution B; mixing and diluting the leaching liquor A, the leaching liquor B and EDTA by 10 times to obtain the leaching liquor.
The seedling raising substrate is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100-150kg of garden soil, 60-80kg of wormcast, 8-10kg of reed stems, 10-15kg of liquorice herb residues, 4-5kg of waste tobacco leaves, 6-7kg of bitter bamboo leaves, 8-10kg of rough leaf bark, 2-3kg of nitrogen phosphorus potassium compound fertilizer and 0.05kg of potassium chloride.
The preparation method of the seedling substrate comprises the following steps: pulverizing reed stem, Glycyrrhrizae radix residue, waste tobacco leaf, folium Pleioblasti, and cortex Et cacumen Tataricae, mixing with wormcast, inoculating 0.01-0.02 wt% of yeast, and fermenting for 3-4 days to obtain primary fermented product; mixing the primary fermentation product with the garden soil, inoculating Sclerotinia of 0.02-0.03% of the mass of the mixture, and performing heap fermentation for 4-5d to obtain a secondary fermentation product; and uniformly mixing the secondary fermentation product with the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer and potassium chloride to obtain the seedling culture substrate.
The nutrient is prepared by mixing 40-50kg of calcium superphosphate, 6-10kg of decomposed oil cake, 4-6kg of turfy soil, 3-4kg of shell powder and 0.1-0.2kg of sodium selenite in parts by weight; 55-60kg of nutrients are applied to the surface of each 25 square meters of seedling raising substrate.
The water soluble fertilizer is prepared by mixing 8-10kg of urea, 6-8kg of 80% ethylicin missible oil, 1-2kg of 0.33% validamycin powder, 0.5-1kg of trehalose, 0.1-0.2kg of pyroligneous liquor and 1000kg of water according to parts by weight.
the antibacterial base fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30-40kg of oil cake, 20-30kg of mushroom dregs, 10-20kg of liquorice medicine dregs, 8-10kg of waste tobacco leaves, 5-10kg of seaweed, 3-5kg of ammonia oxidation lignin, 80-100kg of calcium superphosphate, 30-40kg of silicon-calcium fertilizer, 20-30kg of potassium chloride and 8-10kg of urea; 250-300kg of antibacterial base fertilizer is applied per mu.
the preparation method of the antibacterial base fertilizer comprises the following steps: adding sodium carbonate accounting for about 1% of the weight of seaweed and water accounting for about 5 times of the weight of seaweed into the seaweed to prepare slurry, and uniformly mixing the slurry with ammonia oxidized lignin, calcium superphosphate, a silicon-calcium fertilizer, potassium chloride and urea to obtain a mixed inorganic fertilizer; mixing oil cake, mushroom dregs, licorice dregs and waste tobacco leaves, crushing, inoculating 0.03-0.04% of bacillus subtilis, and fermenting for 4-5 days to obtain an organic fertilizer; and (3) uniformly mixing the mixed inorganic fertilizer and the organic fertilizer to obtain the antibacterial base fertilizer.
Example 2
example 1
a planting method of high-yield rice in karst regions comprises the following steps:
(1) seed treatment: sun-drying the rice seeds for 1-2 days, soaking in the seed soaking solution for 30-40min, taking out, and accelerating germination;
(2) sowing: watering the seedling substrate thoroughly, then uniformly spreading a layer of nutrient, and then sowing the rice seeds after germination acceleration according to the proportion of 1-1.2kg/25m2The amount of the seed is sowed on a seedling culture substrate, and then 1 layer of thin film is covered on an arch frame to culture seedlings;
(3) seedling management: when the seedlings grow to 2.5-3.5 leaves, uncovering the film, and spraying 1 time of water-soluble fertilizer; spraying a water soluble fertilizer 5 days before transplanting seedlings;
(4) Transplanting: applying an antibacterial base fertilizer in the rice field, deep ploughing to 30cm deep, cutting seedlings according to the plant row spacing of 9 inches multiplied by 6 inches, inserting about 1.1 ten thousand holes per mu, and inserting two seedlings in each hole;
(5) Field management: in the tillering stage, the young ear differentiation stage and the full heading stage of the main stem of the rice, additional fertilizer is respectively applied by tillering fertilizer, spike fertilizer and grain fertilizer; the tillering fertilizer is formed by applying 7-10kg of urea per mu; the ear fertilizer is prepared by applying 6-7.5kg of urea and 10kg of potassium chloride per mu; the grain fertilizer is characterized in that 5-7kg of urea is applied per mu, and 100g of grains are mixed with 60kg of water for foliar spraying per mu; irrigating according to a conventional method;
(6) And (3) pest control: the pests of the rice borers and the leaf rollers are prevented and controlled by chlorantraniliprole for 2 times; the rice planthopper insect pests are prevented and controlled by pymetrozine for 3 times; the rice blast is controlled by Fushiyi in the tillering stage of the rice for 4 times, and the key control is the late heading stage; the rice sheath blight disease is controlled by validamycin for 2 times; the ustilaginoidea virens is used for preventing and treating 1 time 5 days before the rice is cut.
The seed soaking liquid is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 3-4kg of arabidopsis thaliana, 2-3kg of wintergreen bud, 8-10kg of calamus, 3-4kg of Chinese pulsatilla root, 8-10kg of bitter bamboo leaf, 6-7kg of purple brown leaf tree bark, 6-7kg of rosemary and 0.02-0.04kg of EDTA; the preparation method of the seed soaking liquid comprises the following steps: mixing Arabidopsis thaliana and Chinese ilex bud, adding 10 times of 85% cold ethanol, grinding, leaching at 4 deg.C for 24 hr, filtering, and recovering ethanol from filtrate to obtain leaching solution A; pulverizing rhizoma Acori Calami, radix Pulsatillae, folium Pleioblasti, Machilus Photiniae, and herba Rosmarini officinalis, mixing, adding 10 times of 75% ethanol, leaching at 40-50 deg.C for 2 hr, filtering, and recovering ethanol from filtrate to obtain leaching solution B; mixing and diluting the leaching liquor A, the leaching liquor B and EDTA by 10 times to obtain the leaching liquor.
the seedling raising substrate is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100-150kg of garden soil, 60-80kg of wormcast, 8-10kg of reed stems, 10-15kg of liquorice herb residues, 4-5kg of waste tobacco leaves, 6-7kg of bitter bamboo leaves, 8-10kg of rough leaf bark, 2-3kg of nitrogen phosphorus potassium compound fertilizer and 0.05kg of potassium chloride.
The preparation method of the seedling substrate comprises the following steps: pulverizing reed stem, Glycyrrhrizae radix residue, waste tobacco leaf, folium Pleioblasti, and cortex Et cacumen Tataricae, mixing with wormcast, inoculating 0.01-0.02 wt% of yeast, and fermenting for 3-4 days to obtain primary fermented product; mixing the primary fermentation product with the garden soil, inoculating Sclerotinia of 0.02-0.03% of the mass of the mixture, and performing heap fermentation for 4-5d to obtain a secondary fermentation product; and uniformly mixing the secondary fermentation product with the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer and potassium chloride to obtain the seedling culture substrate.
The nutrient is prepared by mixing 40-50kg of calcium superphosphate, 6-10kg of decomposed oil cake, 4-6kg of turfy soil, 3-4kg of shell powder and 0.1-0.2kg of sodium selenite in parts by weight; 55-60kg of nutrients are applied to the surface of each 25 square meters of seedling raising substrate.
The water soluble fertilizer is prepared by mixing 8-10kg of urea, 6-8kg of 80% ethylicin missible oil, 1-2kg of 0.33% validamycin powder, 0.5-1kg of trehalose, 0.1-0.2kg of pyroligneous liquor and 1000kg of water according to parts by weight.
The antibacterial base fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30-40kg of oil cake, 20-30kg of mushroom dregs, 10-20kg of liquorice medicine dregs, 8-10kg of waste tobacco leaves, 5-10kg of seaweed, 3-5kg of ammonia oxidation lignin, 80-100kg of calcium superphosphate, 30-40kg of silicon-calcium fertilizer, 20-30kg of potassium chloride and 8-10kg of urea; 250-300kg of antibacterial base fertilizer is applied per mu.
the preparation method of the antibacterial base fertilizer comprises the following steps: adding sodium carbonate accounting for about 1% of the weight of seaweed and water accounting for about 5 times of the weight of seaweed into the seaweed to prepare slurry, and uniformly mixing the slurry with ammonia oxidized lignin, calcium superphosphate, a silicon-calcium fertilizer, potassium chloride and urea to obtain a mixed inorganic fertilizer; mixing oil cake, mushroom dregs, licorice dregs and waste tobacco leaves, crushing, inoculating 0.03-0.04% of bacillus subtilis, and fermenting for 4-5 days to obtain an organic fertilizer; and (3) uniformly mixing the mixed inorganic fertilizer and the organic fertilizer to obtain the antibacterial base fertilizer.
Example 3
Example 1
a planting method of high-yield rice in karst regions comprises the following steps:
(1) Seed treatment: sun-drying the rice seeds for 1-2 days, soaking in the seed soaking solution for 30-40min, taking out, and accelerating germination;
(2) sowing: watering the seedling substrate thoroughly, then uniformly spreading a layer of nutrient, and then sowing the rice seeds after germination acceleration according to the proportion of 1-1.2kg/25m2The amount of the seed is sowed on a seedling culture substrate, and then 1 layer of thin film is covered on an arch frame to culture seedlings;
(3) seedling management: when the seedlings grow to 2.5-3.5 leaves, uncovering the film, and spraying 1 time of water-soluble fertilizer; spraying a water soluble fertilizer 5 days before transplanting seedlings;
(4) transplanting: applying an antibacterial base fertilizer in the rice field, deep ploughing to 30cm deep, cutting seedlings according to the plant row spacing of 9 inches multiplied by 6 inches, inserting about 1.1 ten thousand holes per mu, and inserting two seedlings in each hole;
(5) field management: in the tillering stage, the young ear differentiation stage and the full heading stage of the main stem of the rice, additional fertilizer is respectively applied by tillering fertilizer, spike fertilizer and grain fertilizer; the tillering fertilizer is formed by applying 7-10kg of urea per mu; the ear fertilizer is prepared by applying 6-7.5kg of urea and 10kg of potassium chloride per mu; the grain fertilizer is characterized in that 5-7kg of urea is applied per mu, and 100g of grains are mixed with 60kg of water for foliar spraying per mu; irrigating according to a conventional method;
(6) And (3) pest control: the pests of the rice borers and the leaf rollers are prevented and controlled by chlorantraniliprole for 2 times; the rice planthopper insect pests are prevented and controlled by pymetrozine for 3 times; the rice blast is controlled by Fushiyi in the tillering stage of the rice for 4 times, and the key control is the late heading stage; the rice sheath blight disease is controlled by validamycin for 2 times; the ustilaginoidea virens is used for preventing and treating 1 time 5 days before the rice is cut.
The seed soaking liquid is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 3-4kg of arabidopsis thaliana, 2-3kg of wintergreen bud, 8-10kg of calamus, 3-4kg of Chinese pulsatilla root, 8-10kg of bitter bamboo leaf, 6-7kg of purple brown leaf tree bark, 6-7kg of rosemary and 0.02-0.04kg of EDTA; the preparation method of the seed soaking liquid comprises the following steps: mixing Arabidopsis thaliana and Chinese ilex bud, adding 10 times of 85% cold ethanol, grinding, leaching at 4 deg.C for 24 hr, filtering, and recovering ethanol from filtrate to obtain leaching solution A; pulverizing rhizoma Acori Calami, radix Pulsatillae, folium Pleioblasti, Machilus Photiniae, and herba Rosmarini officinalis, mixing, adding 10 times of 75% ethanol, leaching at 40-50 deg.C for 2 hr, filtering, and recovering ethanol from filtrate to obtain leaching solution B; mixing and diluting the leaching liquor A, the leaching liquor B and EDTA by 10 times to obtain the leaching liquor.
The seedling raising substrate is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100-150kg of garden soil, 60-80kg of wormcast, 8-10kg of reed stems, 10-15kg of liquorice herb residues, 4-5kg of waste tobacco leaves, 6-7kg of bitter bamboo leaves, 8-10kg of rough leaf bark, 2-3kg of nitrogen phosphorus potassium compound fertilizer and 0.05kg of potassium chloride.
the preparation method of the seedling substrate comprises the following steps: pulverizing reed stem, Glycyrrhrizae radix residue, waste tobacco leaf, folium Pleioblasti, and cortex Et cacumen Tataricae, mixing with wormcast, inoculating 0.01-0.02 wt% of yeast, and fermenting for 3-4 days to obtain primary fermented product; mixing the primary fermentation product with the garden soil, inoculating Sclerotinia of 0.02-0.03% of the mass of the mixture, and performing heap fermentation for 4-5d to obtain a secondary fermentation product; and uniformly mixing the secondary fermentation product with the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer and potassium chloride to obtain the seedling culture substrate.
The nutrient is prepared by mixing 40-50kg of calcium superphosphate, 6-10kg of decomposed oil cake, 4-6kg of turfy soil, 3-4kg of shell powder and 0.1-0.2kg of sodium selenite in parts by weight; 55-60kg of nutrients are applied to the surface of each 25 square meters of seedling raising substrate.
The water soluble fertilizer is prepared by mixing 8-10kg of urea, 6-8kg of 80% ethylicin missible oil, 1-2kg of 0.33% validamycin powder, 0.5-1kg of trehalose, 0.1-0.2kg of pyroligneous liquor and 1000kg of water according to parts by weight.
The antibacterial base fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30-40kg of oil cake, 20-30kg of mushroom dregs, 10-20kg of liquorice medicine dregs, 8-10kg of waste tobacco leaves, 5-10kg of seaweed, 3-5kg of ammonia oxidation lignin, 80-100kg of calcium superphosphate, 30-40kg of silicon-calcium fertilizer, 20-30kg of potassium chloride and 8-10kg of urea; 250-300kg of antibacterial base fertilizer is applied per mu.
The preparation method of the antibacterial base fertilizer comprises the following steps: adding sodium carbonate accounting for about 1% of the weight of seaweed and water accounting for about 5 times of the weight of seaweed into the seaweed to prepare slurry, and uniformly mixing the slurry with ammonia oxidized lignin, calcium superphosphate, a silicon-calcium fertilizer, potassium chloride and urea to obtain a mixed inorganic fertilizer; mixing oil cake, mushroom dregs, licorice dregs and waste tobacco leaves, crushing, inoculating 0.03-0.04% of bacillus subtilis, and fermenting for 4-5 days to obtain an organic fertilizer; and (3) uniformly mixing the mixed inorganic fertilizer and the organic fertilizer to obtain the antibacterial base fertilizer.
Comparative example 1
The difference between the comparative example 1 and the example 1 is that the base fertilizer used is a compound fertilizer.
Comparative example 2
Comparative example 2 differs from example 1 in that the only aqueous fertilizer used is urea.
comparative example 3
Comparative example 3 is different from example 1 in that conventional seedling raising method, in which rice seeds are sown in garden soil after being soaked, is used for raising seedlings.
The results of counting the effects of the examples 1 to 3 and the comparative examples 1 to 3 are shown in Table 1:
TABLE 1
It should be noted that the above examples and test examples are only for further illustration and understanding of the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not to be construed as further limitations of the technical solutions of the present invention, and the invention which does not highlight essential features and significant advances made by those skilled in the art still belongs to the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A planting method of high-yield rice in a karst region is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) seed treatment: sun-drying the rice seeds for 1-2 days, soaking in the seed soaking solution for 30-40min, taking out, and accelerating germination;
(2) Sowing: watering the seedling substrate thoroughly, then uniformly spreading a layer of nutrient, and then sowing the rice seeds after germination acceleration according to the proportion of 1-1.2kg/25m2the amount of the seed is sowed on a seedling culture substrate, and then 1 layer of thin film is covered on an arch frame to culture seedlings;
(3) seedling management: when the seedlings grow to 2.5-3.5 leaves, uncovering the film, and spraying 1 time of water-soluble fertilizer; spraying a water soluble fertilizer 5 days before transplanting seedlings;
(4) Transplanting: applying an antibacterial base fertilizer in the rice field, deep ploughing to 30cm deep, cutting seedlings according to the plant row spacing of 9 inches multiplied by 6 inches, inserting about 1.1 ten thousand holes per mu, and inserting two seedlings in each hole;
(5) field management: in the tillering stage, the young ear differentiation stage and the full heading stage of the main stem of the rice, additional fertilizer is respectively applied by tillering fertilizer, spike fertilizer and grain fertilizer; irrigating according to a conventional method;
(6) And (3) pest control: the pests of the rice borers and the leaf rollers are prevented and controlled by chlorantraniliprole for 2 times; the rice planthopper insect pests are prevented and controlled by pymetrozine for 3 times; the rice blast is controlled by Fushiyi in the tillering stage of the rice for 4 times, and the key control is the late heading stage; the rice sheath blight disease is controlled by validamycin for 2 times; the ustilaginoidea virens is used for preventing and treating 1 time 5 days before the rice is cut.
2. the planting method of high-yield rice in the karst region as claimed in claim 1, wherein the seed soaking liquid is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 3-4 parts of arabidopsis thaliana, 2-3 parts of wintergreen bud, 8-10 parts of calamus, 3-4 parts of Chinese pulsatilla root, 8-10 parts of bitter bamboo leaf, 6-7 parts of purple brown leaf tree bark, 6-7 parts of rosemary and 0.02-0.04 part of EDTA; the preparation method of the seed soaking liquid comprises the following steps: mixing Arabidopsis thaliana and Chinese ilex bud, adding 10 times of 85% cold ethanol, grinding, leaching at 4 deg.C for 24 hr, filtering, and recovering ethanol from filtrate to obtain leaching solution A; pulverizing rhizoma Acori Calami, radix Pulsatillae, folium Pleioblasti, Machilus Photiniae, and herba Rosmarini officinalis, mixing, adding 10 times of 75% ethanol, leaching at 40-50 deg.C for 2 hr, filtering, and recovering ethanol from filtrate to obtain leaching solution B; mixing and diluting the leaching liquor A, the leaching liquor B and EDTA by 10 times to obtain the leaching liquor.
3. the planting method of the high-yield rice in the karst region as claimed in claim 1, wherein the seedling raising substrate is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100-150 parts of garden soil, 60-80 parts of wormcast, 8-10 parts of reed stems, 10-15 parts of liquorice herb residues, 4-5 parts of waste tobacco leaves, 6-7 parts of bitter bamboo leaves, 8-10 parts of rough leaf barks, 2-3 parts of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer and 0.05 part of potassium chloride.
4. The planting method of the high-yield rice in the karst region as claimed in claim 3, wherein the preparation method of the seedling culture substrate comprises the following steps: pulverizing reed stem, Glycyrrhrizae radix residue, waste tobacco leaf, folium Pleioblasti, and cortex Et cacumen Tataricae, mixing with wormcast, inoculating 0.01-0.02 wt% of yeast, and fermenting for 3-4 days to obtain primary fermented product; mixing the primary fermentation product with the garden soil, inoculating Sclerotinia of 0.02-0.03% of the mass of the mixture, and performing heap fermentation for 4-5d to obtain a secondary fermentation product; and uniformly mixing the secondary fermentation product with the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer and potassium chloride to obtain the seedling culture substrate.
5. The planting method of the high-yield rice in the karst region as claimed in claim 1, wherein the nutrient is prepared by mixing 40-50 parts by weight of calcium superphosphate, 6-10 parts by weight of decomposed oil cake, 4-6 parts by weight of turfy soil, 3-4 parts by weight of shell powder and 0.1-0.2 part by weight of sodium selenite; 55-60kg of nutrients are applied to the surface of each 25 square meters of seedling raising substrate.
6. The planting method of high-yield rice in the karst region as claimed in claim 1, wherein the water soluble fertilizer is prepared by mixing 8-10 parts by weight of urea, 6-8 parts by weight of 80% ethylicin emulsifiable solution, 1-2 parts by weight of 0.33% validamycin powder, 0.5-1 part by weight of trehalose, 0.1-0.2 part by weight of pyroligneous liquor and 1000 parts by weight of water.
7. The planting method of the high-yield rice in the karst region as claimed in claim 1, wherein the antibacterial base fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30-40 parts of oil cake, 20-30 parts of mushroom dregs, 10-20 parts of licorice dregs, 8-10 parts of waste tobacco leaves, 5-10 parts of seaweed, 3-5 parts of ammonia oxidation lignin, 80-100 parts of calcium superphosphate, 30-40 parts of silicon-calcium fertilizer, 20-30 parts of potassium chloride and 8-10 parts of urea; 250-300kg of antibacterial base fertilizer is applied per mu.
8. The planting method of the high-yield rice in the karst region as claimed in claim 1, wherein the preparation method of the antibacterial base fertilizer comprises the following steps: adding sodium carbonate accounting for about 1% of the weight of seaweed and water accounting for about 5 times of the weight of seaweed into the seaweed to prepare slurry, and uniformly mixing the slurry with ammonia oxidized lignin, calcium superphosphate, a silicon-calcium fertilizer, potassium chloride and urea to obtain a mixed inorganic fertilizer; mixing oil cake, mushroom dregs, licorice dregs and waste tobacco leaves, crushing, inoculating 0.03-0.04% of bacillus subtilis, and fermenting for 4-5 days to obtain an organic fertilizer; and (3) uniformly mixing the mixed inorganic fertilizer and the organic fertilizer to obtain the antibacterial base fertilizer.
9. The method for planting high-yield rice in the karst region according to claim 1, wherein in the step (5), the tillering fertilizer is 7-10kg of urea applied per mu; the ear fertilizer is prepared by applying 6-7.5kg of urea and 10kg of potassium chloride per mu; the granular fertilizer is prepared by applying 5-7kg of urea per mu and spraying 100g of grains with 60kg of water per mu on leaf surfaces.
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