CN1105557C - 可持续释放且不经胃肠的药物制剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
可持续释放且不经胃肠的药物制剂及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种不经胃肠的药物制剂,它包括一种含有生理活性多肽或蛋白质和饱和脂肪酸聚甘油二酯的基质,该基质在室温下是固体形式。生理活性多肽或蛋白质的分子量是2,000道尔顿或更高。饱和脂肪酸包括具有16~30个碳原子的脂肪酸,如棕榈酸、硬脂酸等等。该基质可以是柱形或颗粒形的。该不经胃肠的药物制剂能够用作皮下施用的或肌内施用的可注射固体(例如用来植入的丸剂或片剂)、栓剂或类似物,并且能够长久持续地释放生理活性多肽或蛋白质达一个星期或更长时间。
Description
本发明涉及用于生理活性肽或蛋白质的持续或延长释放的一种可持续释放且不经胃肠的制剂及该制剂的制备方法。
对于治疗剂的给药,一般采用口服。然而,口服生理活性肽或蛋白质会促使消化酶对肽或蛋白质的水解,进而降低了从消化道中的吸收率。因此,此类生理活性肽或蛋白质通常是通过多次肌内注射或皮下注射或通过静脉滴注来给药的。但是,这些方法对于长期给药来说不太理想,尽管在多次注射极其受限制的情况下这些方法是可以接受的。作为例举,为了治疗丙型病毒性肝炎,需要在四周或更长时间内连续每天施用干扰素α(参见“Journal of Clinical andExperirnental Medicine(IGAKU NO AYUMI)”,
161,5,359-363(1992))。但在该长期或频繁的给药过程中,病人被迫在很大的程度上受限制。因而,迫切需要开发此类生理活性肽或蛋白质的有效和经济的给药体系。
日本专利申请公开号2930/1988(JP-A-63-2930)披露了一种体系,其中多肽分散在聚交酯中。日本专利公开号502117/1988(JP-B-63-502117)和日本专利申请公开号234820/1992(JP-A-4-234820)公开了使用脂质体的药剂,和日本专利公开号502574/1991(JP-B-3-502574)推荐了一种药剂,其中含有生理活性多肽的脂质体被分散在凝胶中。
然而,当这些药剂被施用时,在给药的最初阶段这些药物意想不到地大量释放出来。因此,血液中药物浓度升高,药物的释放速度不能保持在一定的范围内。此外,由于在制备这些制剂时使用了有机溶剂,使多肽变性,降低了其生理活性。
日本专利申请公开号2930/1988(JP-A-63-2930)披露了生理活性多肽的可持续释放体系,该体系包括硬化胶原(atherocollagen)基质和分散在该基质中的生理活性多肽。然而,作为基质使用的硬化胶原。来源于人类之外的或不同于人类的动物,并可能表现出抗原性。
日本专利申请公开号22012/1988(JP-A-63-22012)披露了一种通过将生理活性多肽分散在水不溶性基质之中并将该分散体压模成形而制得的体系,作为多肽不经胃肠给药的可持续释放的药物制剂。该药物制剂通过利用基质的侵蚀在体内控制生理活性多肽的释放。因此,多肽可以被酶催降解或分解,以至于降低了生物利用率。
日本专利申请公开号85328/1986(JP-A-61-85328)披露了一种药物制剂,它包括生理活性多肽和聚甘油脂肪酸酯的组合物,其中聚甘油脂肪酸酯分散在水中。但是,该药物制剂就其配药形式而言受到限制,因为它是一种溶液。此外,由于聚甘油脂肪酸酯被用来促进生理活性多肽的经皮吸收。该药物几乎不能在较长的一段时间(例如24小时或更长)持续释放。
因此,本发明的一个目的是提供一种可持续释放的不经胃肠的药物制剂,其中可抑制生理活性多肽或蛋白质的水解,可避免降低它们的活性,并且多肽或蛋白质的持续释放可保持很长一段时间。
本发明另一个目的是提供一种可持续释放的不经胃肠的药物制剂,其中生理活性多肽或蛋白质在给药的早期大量释放被抑制了,多肽或蛋白质能够释放较长时间。
本发明还有另外一个目的是提供一种可持续释放的不经胃肠的药物制剂,其中生理活性多肽或蛋白质可持续释放很长时间,限制了高维结构的变性和抑制了生理活性多肽或蛋白质的活性的降低。
本发明的进一步的目的是提供一种可持续释放的不经胃肠的药物制剂,它不含有任何引起抗原性的物质并能释放出生理活性多肽或蛋白质达一个星期或更长时间。
本发明还有进一步的目的是提供一种制备药物制剂的方法,由该方法能够以简单和方便的方式制得具有如上所述优异特性的药物制剂。
经过深入的调查和研究而实现上述目的之后,本发明的发明人发现,选自众多的聚甘油脂肪酸酯的、特定的聚甘油脂肪酸酯与生理活性多肽或蛋白质一起使用能够明显地改进生理活性多肽或蛋白质的持续释放,并能在很长的时间内释放出生理活性多肽或蛋白质。本发明正是基于上述发现而完成的。
因此,本发明的可持续释放的不经胃肠的药物制剂包括含有生理活性多肽或蛋白质(下文中只要没有特别声明,简单地称作生理活性多肽)的基质和饱和脂肪酸的聚甘油二酯。该生理活性多肽的平均分子量常常是2,000道尔顿或更高,该二酯在许多情况下是由平均聚合度约为4的聚甘油和具有16~30个碳原子的饱和脂肪酸形成的二酯。该基质可以是柱形、颗粒状或其它形式。该基质可以是用来植入的可注射固体物。
通过将生理活性多肽或蛋白质与熔化或软化了的饱和脂肪酸的聚甘油二酯进行混合并将该熔化混合物进行模压成形而制得可持续释放的药物制剂。
在本说明书中,术语“平均聚合度为4的聚甘油”指作为主要化合物的聚甘油的聚合度(它是由羟值的端基分析法测得的)并包括四甘油以及作为主要组分的四甘油和不可避免的甘油或甘油聚合物(例如二甘油、三甘油、五甘油,等等)的混合物。因此,聚甘油的平均聚合度可以是约3.7至4.3。
术语“二酯”指主要化合物的酯键的平均值(它是从聚甘油脂肪酸酯的酯值测得的),和不仅仅包括一种二酯而且还包括一种混合物,该混合物含有作为主要组分的二酯以及不可避地与其共存的或作为杂质存在的单酯、三酯。因此,在该二酯中酯键的平均值可以是约1.7~2.3。
在基质或脂肪酸聚甘油酯不是单一化合物而是混合物的情况下,该物质不显示出明显的熔点,但在特定的温度下软化。在本说明书中所使用的术语“熔点”在其本意中还包括此类混合物的软化点。
作为本发明中生理活性多肽,各种具有生理活性的多肽和蛋白质都能采用。该生理活性多肽的平均分子量,例如是约2,000道尔顿或更高,优选约5,000~1,000,000道尔顿,更优选约10,000~500,000道尔顿,以及特别是约10,000~100,000道尔顿。优选的生理活性多肽包括划分为蛋白质的分子,该蛋白质在生物化学领域中被表述为具有高维结构。
生理活性多肽按类来分,例如包括蛋白质、酶、核蛋白、糖蛋白、脂蛋白、具有类激素活性的多肽、这些分子的兴奋剂、包括拮抗剂的合成类似物等。
本发明可适用于各种生理活性多肽,并且它们的种类并不严格受限制。作为生理活性多肽的例子,可列举的有免疫控制因子、淋巴细胞活素、单核因子、细胞活素、酶、抗体、生长刺激因子、生长抑制因子、激素、疫苗(包括病毒、细菌、寄生虫和立克次氏体的抗原)、凝血因子,及其各种前体蛋白质、突变蛋白质和与其类似的其它物质。
作为说明,生理活性多肽例如包括以下生理活性高分子化合物,突变蛋白质和其类似物。
(1)干扰素(α-、β-、γ-等),白细胞介素(IL-1,IL-2,IL-3,IL-4,IL-5,IL-6,IL-7,IL-8,IL-10,IL-11),抗变态反应性因子,抑制因子,细胞毒素糖蛋白,免疫—细胞毒素因子,免疫—毒素,淋巴细胞毒素,肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α,TNF-β,或类似物),恶病质素,制瘤素,转化生长因子(TGF-α,TGF-β,等等),造血因子(例如促红细胞生成素),粒细胞—菌落刺激因子(G-CSF),粒细胞—巨噬细胞菌落刺激因子(GM-CSF),巨噬细胞—菌落刺激因子(M-CSF),巨噬细胞多肽,B-细胞因子(例如B-细胞生长因子,等),T-细胞因子,等等。
(2)生长因子,例如,神经生长因子(NGF),神经营养因子(NTF),对头颅神经细胞有作用的多肽,上皮细胞生长因子(EGF),胰岛状生长因子(IGF),生长激素(GH),成纤维细胞生长因子(FGF),成骨质生长因子,atrical促尿钠排泄因子(ANP),软骨诱发因子以及其它物质。属于这一类的生理活性多肽还包括,例如甲状旁腺激素(PTH),内丝氨酸(endoserine)及类似物。
(3)具有血小板生长作用的生理活性多肽,比如血小板衍生的生长因子(PDGF),等等。
(4)具有酶催作用的生理活性多肽,例如包括因子VIII,因子IX,血纤维蛋白溶解因子,组织纤维蛋白溶酶原活化剂(TPA),尿激酶,蛋白尿激酶,链激酶,脂肪皮质素(lipocortin),大皮质素(macrocortin),蛋白质C,C-活性蛋白质,血管紧张肽原酶抑制剂,金属蛋白酶,金属蛋白酶的组织抑制剂(TIMP),超氧化物歧化酶(SOD),等等。
(5)具有激素那样的作用的生理活性多肽,比如胰岛素,肠促胰激素,生长激素释放因子(GRF),高血糖素,胃泌激素,催乳激素,促肾上腺皮质激素(ACTH),甲状腺刺激激素(TSH),促黄体生长激素(LH),促卵泡刺激激素(FSH),缩胆囊肽,人绒毛膜促性腺激素(HCG),白细胞激肽,胸腺素(thymocin),蠕动素,激肽释放酶,等等。
(6)作为疫苗抗原的生理活性多肽包括这些抗原:例如HTLV-I,HTLV-II,受滋病毒类(例如HTLV-III/LAV/HIV和HIV-2,等等),细胞巨化病素,甲型肝炎病毒,乙型肝炎病毒,丙型肝炎病毒,单纯性I型疱疹病毒,单纯性II型疱疹病毒,疟疾,隐蔽性狂犬病逆转录病毒,传染性胃肠炎病毒,副流感病毒,流感病毒,轮病毒类,呼吸多核病毒,水痘—带状疱疹病毒,EB病毒,百日咳;和革兰氏阴性细菌如假单胞菌属,内毒素,破伤风类毒素及其它。此类生理活性多肽可以单独施用,或与半抗原配合使用,或与辅助剂结合使用。
这些生理活性多肽可以是天然的,或通过遗传组合而制得的。生理活性多肽可以有糖基链,该糖基链的结构可以不同。此外,生理活性多肽的例子还包括突变体,衍生物,相关物或类似物,或上述多肽和蛋白质的活性片段。
生理活性多肽可以单独使用或结合使用。能够激活该生理活性多肽的物质和/或与该物质具有算术的或协同的效应的其他试剂能够较好地与该生理活性多肽结合使用。例如,干扰素α能够与激活物质或试剂例如白细胞介素、香菇糖、minophagen或类似物结合使用。激活物质或试剂可以单独作用或与生理活性多肽结合使用。
本发明的特征在于,通过与众多聚甘油脂肪酸酯中的物定聚甘油脂肪酸酯结合,该生理活性多肽可持续释放很长时间。
在聚甘油脂肪酸酯中,术语“聚甘油”指“一种多羟基醇,在其每一个分子中有n(当是环状结构时)至n+2(当是直链或支链时)个羟基,和n-1(当是直链或支链时)至n(当是环状结构时)个醚键”〔“聚甘油酯”Sakamoto Yakuhin Kogyo CO.Ltd,Japan出版发行,PP12(May 2,1986)〕。聚甘油能够通过甘油的脱水缩合制得,或者从甘油蒸馏后的残留物中回收而得。
当该组分与生理活性多肽结合使用时,本发明采用了饱和脂肪酸的聚甘油二酯。当脂肪酸是不饱和脂肪酸时,生理活性多肽会在早期释放出来,极大地减弱或降低了持续释放作用。此外,甚至当该化合物是由聚甘油和饱和脂肪酸形成的酯时,单酯、三酯、四酯、五酯或类似物会显著损害或降低生理活性多肽的持续释放作用。
饱和脂肪酸的例子包括具有16~30个碳原子的饱和脂肪酸,比如棕榈酸,十七烷酸,硬脂酸,花生酸,山萮酸,二十四烷酸,蜡酸,褐煤酸,蜂花酸,等等。饱和脂肪酸的优选例子包括具有16~22个碳原子的脂肪酸(例如,棕榈酸,硬脂酸,山萮酸,等),特别好的是棕榈酸,硬脂酸及类似物。
这些饱和脂肪酸的二酯可以是由单独的脂肪酸或由两种或多种脂肪酸的混合物形成的二酯。
聚甘油的聚合度并不特意限定在特定值(该值对持续释放性能没有不利影响)并选自取决于脂肪酸种类的范围。
优选的聚甘油具有平均聚合度为约3-5,尤其是4。当平均聚合度低于3或高于5时,取决于饱和脂肪酸的种类,生理活性多肽易于被释放或解脱出来,并且在某些情况下几乎不会赋予其很高的持续释放性能。因此,平均聚合度为4的聚甘油使用起来是合理的。
饱和脂肪酸的聚甘油二酯的熔点例如是40~60℃,优选约42~58℃和更优选的45~55℃。
优选的饱和脂肪酸的聚甘油二酯是由平均聚合度为4的聚甘油和具有16~22个碳原子的饱和脂肪酸形成的。
饱和脂肪酸的聚甘油二酯的例子包括三甘油二酯,比如二棕榈酸三甘油酯,二硬脂酸三甘油酯和二山萮酸三甘油酯;四甘油二酯,比如二棕榈酸四甘油酯,双十七烷酸四甘油酯,二硬脂酸四甘油酯,二花生酸四甘油酯,二山萮酸四甘油酯;双二十四烷酸四甘油酯,二蜡酸四甘油酯,三褐煤酸四甘油酯,二蜂花酸四甘油酯,单棕榈酸单硬脂酸四甘油酯,单棕榈酸单山萮酸四甘油酯和单硬脂酸单山萮酸四甘油酯;五甘油二酯,比如二棕榈酸五甘油酯,二硬脂酸五甘油酯,二山萮五甘油酯及类似物。二酯的优选实例包括四甘油二酯类,比如二棕榈酸四甘油酯,二硬脂酸四甘油酯,二山萮酸四甘油酯和其它类似物。这些二酯可以独立地使用或结合使用。
聚甘油二酯可用作乳化剂,作为食品添加剂,其在体内的安全性已被证实。此外,二酯最终在体内被吸收而且不存在抗原性。
包括聚甘油较高级脂肪酸酯和多肽或蛋白质的基质已披露于日本专利申请公开号223533/1990(JP-A-2-223533),EP-A-443572,日本专利申请公开号237/1993(JP-A-5-2237)和132416/1993(JP-A-5-132416)。然而,这些现有的文献并没有报道,包括饱和脂肪酸聚甘油二酯和生理活性多肽的结合物的基质能够在非常长的时间内释放出生理活性多肽。
本发明的药物制剂是由包括生理活性多肽和二酯的基质组成。通常,优选的制剂是由生理活性多肽分散在二酯中的基质制得的。该基质优选在室温下或环境温度(5~35℃)下为固体形式,并且,生理活性多肽通常均匀分散在二酯中。当生理活性多肽在制备过程中溶于熔化了的二酯中时,均匀混合得到的药物制剂是理想的,其中多肽在室温下以固体形式进行分散。此类药物制剂的特征在于:在很大的程度上抑制了生理活性多肽在施用的早期阶段的释放,并在很长的时间内持续地或连续地释放多肽,同时保持其高维结构。
生理活性多肽对于二酯的比例可在宽范围内选择,生理活性多肽在由两组分组成的基质中的比率例如是约0.0001~50%(重量),优选约0.001~20%(重量)和更优选约0.001~10%(重量),剩下的由二酯构成。
如果需要,该基质中可添加通常在固体药物制剂的领域中使用的试剂,比如赋形剂,粘合剂和崩解剂,以及各种添加剂如稳定剂、防腐剂和类似物。稳定剂的例子包括明胶,清蛋白,球蛋白,鱼精蛋白,海藻糖,D-葡萄糖,葡聚糖及其它。作为防腐剂,例如可列举对羟苯甲酸酯类(例如径苯甲酸甲酯,羟苯甲酸丙酯等),苄醇,氯代丁醇,乙基汞硫代水杨酸钠,等等。
可持续释放的不经胃肠的药物制剂可以是任何形式的,只要不经胃肠施用或非口服,而且通常以这样一种剂量形式由基质形成,以使病人不经受过多的疼痛或痛苦,例如,一种小型或压缩的基质。本发明的特征是,甚至这样的小型或压缩基质可以借助于(例如)注射针来施用,该生理活性多肽能够持续释放很长时间。作为说明,与生理活性多肽的单独或独立施用相比较,本发明药物制剂的非口服施用能够延长生理活性多肽在血液中的时间,例如7天或更长。因此,能够极大地减少该制剂的剂量时间和疼痛或痛苦。
该药物制剂可用作,例如能够皮下注射施用或肌内注射施用(例如药丸或植入物,等)的可注射固体,转化粘液质可吸收的组合物如栓剂。该制剂的形状或形式能够从取决于配药形式的范围内选择,并且,例如可以是粉料或颗粒料形式如粉剂、粒剂或丸剂;以扁平、椭圆、棒条或柱的形式如用来植入的可注射药丸或片剂;或以球形或椭圆形如栓剂。当用来注射时,该制剂常常以柱或粉的形式。该药物制剂的优选形式包括,例如柱形如圆柱形式,和颗粒形式如球形。
根据配药形式还可选择本发明的非经胃肠的或非口服的药物制剂的尺寸,只要它不使病人过分痛苦。对于注射来说,当制剂是柱形基质时,其尺寸例如是:直径约3mm或以下,长约30mm或以下,优选直径约1mm或以下,长度约20mm或以下,它能够通过使用11G或以下的针头施用,更优选直径约0.1~1mm和长度约1-20mm,在实际使用时优选的是以圆筒或圆柱形式的。可注射粒状基质的粒径是:最大直径约1mm或以下,优选约150μm或以下,更优选约1~100μm。根据药物制剂的形式或形状可以选择基质的重量,对于注射来说,其重量常常是,例如约40mg或以下,优选约1~25mg。
可通过各种方法制备本发明的药物制剂,最好是不使用可使多肽变性的有机溶剂。作为这样的方法例如可列举一种方法,该方法包括:将生理活性多肽混合到熔化或软化了的饱和脂肪酸聚甘油二酯中,然后将所得熔化混合物模压成一种制剂。虽然生理活性多肽在水溶液中是热力学不稳定的,但是,固体形式如冻干粉末却是稳定的。因此,呈固体粉末或颗粒形式如干粉的生理活性多肽能够较好地用于均匀混合。
在模压时,可根据药物制剂的形式或形状使用任何一种模压方法。例如,通过以下方式能够得到一种注剂:用针头将熔化混合物吸入注射器,然后将吸入物从针头挤出得到柱状产品;或将熔化混合物滴入旋转板或盘中,然后离心或翻滚该液滴得到球状产品。此外,细颗粒药物制剂可通过以下方式制得:将熔化混合物喷成雾状并急冷粉末产品;或将成形产品如丸剂通入粉碎装置如喷射碾机中得到细粒料。
下面的实施例和试验例仅仅是想要进一步说明本发明,而不应认为是限制本发明的范围。
实施例
实施例1
二棕榈酸四甘油酯(300mg;酯键数:2.0;由SakamotoYakuhin Kogyo Co,Ltd.Japan制造)在48℃下加热熔化,然后添加7.2mg冻干粉末干扰素α。通过使用注射器,部分熔化混合物被吸进11G的针头,在室温下冷却,吸入物从针头挤出得到圆柱形基质药物制剂(直径1mm,长度10mm,重量约10mg)。
实施例2
二硬脂酸四甘油酯(300mg,酯键数:2.0;由SakamotoYakuhin Kogyo Co.Ltd,Japan制造。)在58℃下加热熔化,然后向该熔化物加入7.2mg冻干粉末干扰素α。用注射器将一部分熔化混合物吸进11G的针头,在室温下冷却。吸入物被挤出得到圆柱形基质药物制剂(直径1mm,长度10mm,重量约10mg)。
实施例3
按照与实施例1中相同的方法制备二棕榈酸四甘油酯和冻干粉末干扰素α的熔化混合物。将熔化混合物吸进1ml注射器(Terumo Co,Ltd,Japan),并保持温度在50℃,用空气喷枪(Hakuko Co,Ltd,Japan)将该基质雾化,并从27G的针头(Terumo Co,Ltd,Japan)挤出得到球形物料。该球形物料通过筛网(16目)除去直径1mm或更高的粒状产品。
实施例4
在48℃下加热熔化后,向熔化了的二棕榈酸四甘油酯(300mg;Sakamoto Yakuhin Kogyo Co,Ltd,Japan)中加入1.5mg冻干粉末白细胞介素-2。用注射器将一部分熔化混合物吸进11G的针头,在室温下冷却,然后将吸入物从针头挤出得到圆柱形基质药物制剂,其直径为1mm,长度为20mm和重量为约20mg。
实施例5
二棕榈酸四甘油酯(300mg;Sakamoto Yakuhin Kogyo Co,Ltd,Japan)在48℃下加热熔轮,然后向该熔化物添加1.5mg冻干粉末胰岛素。用注射器将熔化混合物吸进11G的针头,并在室温下冷却。吸入物从针头中挤出得到圆柱形基质药物制剂(直径1mm,长度20mm,约20mg重量)。
对比实施例1
代替二棕榈酸四甘油酯,使用单棕榈酸甘油酯(酯键数:1.0;Riken Vitamin Co,Ltd,Japan)按照与实施例1中同样的方法得到圆柱形基质药物制剂(直径1mm,长度10mm,重量约10mg)。
对比实施例2
代替二棕榈酸四甘油酯,使用单棕榈酸二甘油酯(酯键数:1.0;Sakamoto Yakuhin Kogyo Co,Ltd,Japan)重复实施例1的操作过程得到圆柱形基质药物制剂,其直径1mm,长度10mm和重量约10mg。
对比实施例3
代替二硬脂酸四甘油酯,使用单硬脂酸甘油酯(酯键数:1.0;Takeda Chemical Industries,Ltd,Japan),按照与实施例2中同样方法制得圆柱形药物制剂(直径1mm,长度10mm,重量约10mg)。
对比实施例4
代替二硬脂酸四甘油酯,使用单硬脂酸二甘油酯(酯键数:1.0;由Sakamoto Yakuhin Kogyo Co,Ltd,Japan制造),重复实施例2的操作过程得到圆柱形基质药物制剂,其直径为1mm,长度为10mm和重量约10mg。
对比实施例5
代替二硬脂酸四甘油酯,使用单硬脂酸四甘油酯(酯链数:1.0,Sakamoto Yakuhin Kogyo Co,Ltd,Japan),按照与实施例2中同样操作过程制得圆柱形药物制剂(直径1mm,长度10mm和重量约10mg)。
对比实施例6
代替二硬脂酸四甘油酯,使用三硬脂酸四甘油酯(酯键数:3.0;由Sakamoto Yakuhin Kogyo Co,Ltd,Japan制造),重复实施例2中同样的操作过程得到圆柱形药物制剂(直径1mm,长度10mm,重量约10mg)。
实施例6
代替二棕榈酸四甘油酯,使用二肉豆蔻酸四甘油酯(酯键数:2.0;Sakamoto Yakuhin Kogyo Co,Ltd,Japan)之外,按照与在实施例2中同样方法制得圆柱形药物制剂(直径1mm,长度10mm,重量约10mg)。
试验例
在实施例1和2以及对比实施例1~6中得到的基质药物制剂分别用注射器由11G的针头按10mg的剂量在雄性JCL-SD小鼠(龄期:6个星期)以背部进行皮下注射。每一圆柱形基质药物制剂含有4×107国际单位(IU)的干扰素α的水溶液。
在施药后,随着时间的推移从小鼠尾部静脉收集0.6ml血液,得到血浆样本。血浆样本分别取自三只小鼠,使用两种抗干扰素α抗体,由叠层(Sandwich)ELISA测定每一血浆样本中干扰素α的浓度,并计算其平均值。作为干扰素α标准单位,使用了Canferon-TM(Takeda Chemical Industries,Ltd,Japan)。在施用后随着时间的推移,血浆中干扰素α的浓度平均值被列于表1和2。
表1和2中,术语“ND”指“不可检测的”。
从表1和2可明显看出,通过使用聚甘油较高级脂肪酸酯当中的二棕榈酸四甘油酯和二硬脂酸四甘油酯分别获得的实施例1和实施例2的药物制剂能够持续释放干扰素α达一个星期或更长时间,而且干扰素α的释放时间比对比实施例的药物制剂的长2倍或更多。
表1
施用后的时间过程(hr) | 血浆中干扰素的浓度(IU/ml) | ||||
实施例1 | 实施例2 | 对比实施例1 | 对比实施例2 | 对比实施例3 | |
0.250.51.02.04.06.08.024.048.078.0102.0120.0144.0168.0192.0216.0288.0 | --2086.42394.1353.53380.1-1651.31196.4913.7-636.3509.4629.0568.1243.011.8 | --2717.94366.23088.62233.9-1235.0810.3421.1-365.5184.7304.0777.4612.543.4 | --7544.110692.87021.87555.4-1666.8315.0-12.5ND | --5712.413973.012734.915510.4-3312.31374.4597.1-60.541.8ND | --7790.515576.810122.68134.6-2586.5664.2205.5-42.610.8ND |
表2
施用后的时间过程(hr) | 血浆中干扰素的浓度(IU/ml) | |||
对比实施例4 | 对比实施例5 | 对比实施例6 | 对照 | |
0.250.51.02.04.06.08.024.048.078.0120.0144.0168.0192.0216.0288.0 | --12288.519530.810826.08680.0-1932.5492.0-43.3ND | --6521.314726.318105.317533.5-2605.299.543.3ND | --2058.2959.7582.6585.8-58.838.911.3ND | 29991.744498.152899.651446.017055.23770.41041.8117.7ND |
Claims (18)
1.一种可持续释放的不经胃肠的药物制剂,它包括一种含有生理活性多肽或蛋白质和饱和脂肪酸聚甘油二酯的基质,其中聚甘油的平均聚合度为4。
2.根据权利要求1的可持续释放的不经胃肠的药物制剂,其中饱和脂肪酸具有16~30个碳原子。
3.根据权利要求1的可持续释放的不经胃肠的药物制剂,其中聚甘油的平均聚合度为4和饱和脂肪酸具有16~30个碳原子。
4.根据权利要求1的可持续释放的不经胃肠的药物制剂,其中该生理活性多肽或蛋白质被分散在该二酯中。
5.根据权利要求1的可持续释放的不经胃肠的药物制剂,其中该生理活性多肽或蛋白质具有的分子量为2,000道尔顿或更高。
6.根据权利要求1的可持续释放的不经胃肠的药物制剂,其中生理活性多肽或蛋白质是干扰素、白细胞介素或胰岛素。
7.根据权利要求1的可持续释放的不经胃肠的药物制剂,其中该饱和脂肪酸具有16-22个碳原子。
8.根据权利要求1的可持续释放的不经胃肠的药物制剂,其中该饱和脂肪酸是棕榈酸或硬脂酸。
9.根据权利要求1的可持续释放的不经胃肠的药物制剂,其中生理活性多肽或蛋白质在基质中所占比例为0.0001~50%重量。
10.根据权利要求1的可持续释放的不经胃肠的药物制剂,其中该基质是以柱形或颗粒形成的。
11.根据权利要求1的可持续释放的不经胃肠的药物制剂,其中该基质是用来植入的可注射固体。
12.根据权利要求1的可持续释放的不经胃肠的药物制剂,它包括一种含有平均分子量为5,000~1,000,000道尔顿的生理活性多肽或蛋白质和平均聚合度为4的聚甘油与具有16~22个碳原子的饱和脂肪酸的二酯的基质,其中该基质是可以皮下注射施用或肌内注射施用的,以及,以该基质为基础有0.001~20%重量的生理活性多肽或蛋白质分散在该二酯中。
13.根据权利要求12的可持续释放的不经胃肠的药物制剂,其中该饱和脂肪酸是棕榈酸、硬脂酸或山萮酸。
14.根据权利要求12的可持续释放的不经胃肠的药物制剂,其中该二酯的熔点为40~60℃,该基质在室温下是固体形式。
15.根据权利要求12的可持续释放的不经胃肠的药物制剂,其中该生理活性多肽或蛋白质是干扰素。
16.一种制备可持续释放的不经胃肠的药物制剂的方法,它包括将生理活性多肽或蛋白质与熔化了的或软化了的饱和脂肪酸聚甘油二酯进行混合,然后模压该熔化了的混合物,其中聚甘油的平均聚合度为4。
17.根据权利要求16的制备可持续释放的不经胃肠的药物制剂的方法,其中熔化混合物被模压成柱形或颗粒形。
18.根据权利要求16的制备可持续释放的不经胃肠的药物制剂的方法,其中以干粉形式的生理活性多肽或蛋白质与熔化了的或软化了的二酯混合。
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CA2709712C (en) | 2007-12-20 | 2016-05-10 | Surmodics Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Process for preparing microparticles having a low residual solvent volume |
WO2009080275A1 (en) * | 2007-12-21 | 2009-07-02 | Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität | Extruded rod-shaped devices for controlled release of biological substances to humans and animals |
US20100260844A1 (en) | 2008-11-03 | 2010-10-14 | Scicinski Jan J | Oral pharmaceutical dosage forms |
US9532946B2 (en) | 2012-11-20 | 2017-01-03 | Intervet Inc. | Manufacturing of semi-plastic pharmaceutical dosage units |
CN105120659A (zh) | 2013-03-15 | 2015-12-02 | 度瑞公司 | 用于降低溶解可变性的具有流变改性剂的组合物 |
EP4090353A4 (en) | 2020-01-13 | 2023-08-09 | Durect Corporation | REDUCED IMPURITY EXTENDED-RELEASE DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS AND METHODS |
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CN1071845A (zh) * | 1991-10-01 | 1993-05-12 | 伊莱利利公司 | 可注射的缓释配制品及其方法 |
Family Cites Families (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CA1257199A (en) * | 1986-05-20 | 1989-07-11 | Paul Y. Wang | Preparation containing bioactive macromolecular substance for multi-months release in vivo |
NZ231281A (en) * | 1988-11-08 | 1991-01-29 | Takeda Chemical Industries Ltd | Sustained release pharmaceutical preparations comprising the active agent dispersed in a solid matrix of a fatty acid ester of a polyglycerol |
CA2020654A1 (en) * | 1989-07-07 | 1991-01-08 | Yohko Akiyama | Stabilized fgf composition and production thereof |
JP3078859B2 (ja) * | 1990-02-23 | 2000-08-21 | 武田薬品工業株式会社 | 安定な放出制御性製剤用コーティング剤 |
IE65045B1 (en) * | 1990-04-28 | 1995-10-04 | Takeda Chemical Industries Ltd | Granulated preparations and method of producing the same |
TW209174B (zh) * | 1991-04-19 | 1993-07-11 | Takeda Pharm Industry Co Ltd | |
YU87892A (sh) * | 1991-10-01 | 1995-12-04 | Eli Lilly And Company Lilly Corporate Center | Injektibilne formulacije produženog otpuštanja i postupci za njihovo dobijanje i primenu |
JPH06219960A (ja) * | 1993-01-25 | 1994-08-09 | Takeda Chem Ind Ltd | 生理活性ポリペプチド含有組成物の製造法 |
TW282403B (zh) * | 1993-08-26 | 1996-08-01 | Takeda Pharm Industry Co Ltd |
-
1994
- 1994-07-12 TW TW083106287A patent/TW282403B/zh active
- 1994-07-12 JP JP6184078A patent/JPH07112940A/ja not_active Withdrawn
- 1994-08-17 KR KR1019940020306A patent/KR100338400B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1994-08-19 DE DE69401691T patent/DE69401691T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1994-08-19 DK DK94306145.7T patent/DK0640336T3/da active
- 1994-08-19 EP EP94306145A patent/EP0640336B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-08-19 AT AT94306145T patent/ATE148625T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1994-08-24 US US08/294,972 patent/US5628993A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1994-08-24 CN CN94115750A patent/CN1105557C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1994-08-25 CA CA002130868A patent/CA2130868A1/en not_active Abandoned
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1996
- 1996-10-21 US US08/734,636 patent/US5750100A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN1071845A (zh) * | 1991-10-01 | 1993-05-12 | 伊莱利利公司 | 可注射的缓释配制品及其方法 |
Also Published As
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DE69401691D1 (de) | 1997-03-20 |
KR100338400B1 (ko) | 2002-11-22 |
JPH07112940A (ja) | 1995-05-02 |
CA2130868A1 (en) | 1995-02-27 |
TW282403B (zh) | 1996-08-01 |
US5628993A (en) | 1997-05-13 |
DK0640336T3 (da) | 1997-04-01 |
CN1104488A (zh) | 1995-07-05 |
US5750100A (en) | 1998-05-12 |
KR950005329A (ko) | 1995-03-20 |
EP0640336B1 (en) | 1997-02-05 |
DE69401691T2 (de) | 1997-07-17 |
ATE148625T1 (de) | 1997-02-15 |
EP0640336A1 (en) | 1995-03-01 |
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