CN110542610A - rock mass stretching, compressing, shearing and twisting integrated test device - Google Patents
rock mass stretching, compressing, shearing and twisting integrated test device Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN110542610A CN110542610A CN201910811519.0A CN201910811519A CN110542610A CN 110542610 A CN110542610 A CN 110542610A CN 201910811519 A CN201910811519 A CN 201910811519A CN 110542610 A CN110542610 A CN 110542610A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- load supporting
- loading
- torsion
- loading end
- oil cylinder
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 153
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 91
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 91
- 210000000078 claw Anatomy 0.000 claims description 15
- 210000004907 gland Anatomy 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012669 compression test Methods 0.000 abstract description 16
- 238000009864 tensile test Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000009417 prefabrication Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005641 tunneling Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
- G01N3/10—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces generated by pneumatic or hydraulic pressure
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
- G01N3/10—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces generated by pneumatic or hydraulic pressure
- G01N3/12—Pressure testing
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/24—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady shearing forces
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/26—Investigating twisting or coiling properties
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0016—Tensile or compressive
- G01N2203/0017—Tensile
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0016—Tensile or compressive
- G01N2203/0019—Compressive
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0023—Bending
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/003—Generation of the force
- G01N2203/0042—Pneumatic or hydraulic means
- G01N2203/0048—Hydraulic means
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0058—Kind of property studied
- G01N2203/0069—Fatigue, creep, strain-stress relations or elastic constants
- G01N2203/0075—Strain-stress relations or elastic constants
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/025—Geometry of the test
- G01N2203/0252—Monoaxial, i.e. the forces being applied along a single axis of the specimen
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/025—Geometry of the test
- G01N2203/0254—Biaxial, the forces being applied along two normal axes of the specimen
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/025—Geometry of the test
- G01N2203/0256—Triaxial, i.e. the forces being applied along three normal axes of the specimen
Abstract
The invention provides a rock body tension, compression, shearing and torsion integrated test device which comprises a device base, three groups of loading systems and a plurality of loading ends, wherein each loading system comprises a transverse loading system, a longitudinal loading system and a vertical loading system; the longitudinal loading system comprises two longitudinal load supporting structures, two load sensors, a longitudinal load force transmission structure and two hydraulic jacks; the vertical loading system comprises an upper load supporting beam, four pull rods, two load sensors and a vertical load force transmission structure; the loading system is connected with the loading end head through a trapezoidal prefabricated interface. The device can be used for performing compression test, tensile test, tension-compression combined test and the like on the rock mass, and can accurately measure the strength and stress-strain relation of the rock mass under the action of complex stress.
Description
Technical Field
the invention relates to the field of rock mechanics, in particular to a test device capable of simultaneously realizing stretching, compression, shearing and torsion of a rock body.
Background
the stress state of the rock mass is very complicated in practical engineering. In deep rock underground cavern and rock slope engineering, except cavern and slope surface, other parts are generally in three-dimensional stress state. Along with the excavation of the side slope and the tunneling of the cavern, the stress states of rock masses at different spatial positions are changed continuously. In actual engineering, the phenomenon that the rock body embodies corresponding tensile stress and torque exists objectively. The research on the mechanical properties of the rock mass is far from enough except for the conventional uniaxial tension and compression test. Although the conventional triaxial or true triaxial equipment widely adopted at present is advanced by a great step compared with single-axis test equipment, the method has limitation on comprehensively and truly reflecting the stress state of the engineering rock mass. Therefore, a set of composite test device capable of stretching, compressing, shearing and twisting the rock mass is developed, the mechanical characteristics, constitutive relation and the like of the engineering rock mass under the composite action of stretching, compressing, shearing and twisting are deeply researched, and the method has important engineering significance.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a rock body tension, compression, shearing and torsion integrated test device which can perform a compression test, a tension-compression combined test, a structural plane shearing test, a tension-shear combined test, a torsion test, a compression-torsion combined test, a tension-torsion combined test and the like on a rock body, and accurately measure the stress-strain relationship of the rock body under the complex stress action.
The technical scheme adopted for solving the problems in the prior art is as follows:
the utility model provides a tensile, compression, shearing of rock mass and twist reverse integrative test device, includes device base, three loading systems of group and a plurality of loading end, its characterized in that: the loading system comprises a transverse loading system, a longitudinal loading system and a vertical loading system, wherein the transverse loading system comprises two transverse load supporting structures, two load sensors, a transverse load force transmission structure and two hydraulic jacks, and the two transverse load supporting structures consist of a pair of transverse buttress type load supporting beams, a sliding plate and a supporting plate; the longitudinal loading system comprises two longitudinal load supporting structures, two load sensors, a longitudinal load force transmission structure and two hydraulic jacks, wherein the two load supporting structures consist of a pair of longitudinal buttress type load supporting beams, a sliding plate and a supporting plate; the central lines of the transverse buttress type load supporting beam and the longitudinal buttress type load supporting beam are mutually vertical; the vertical loading system comprises an upper load supporting beam, four pull rods, two load sensors and a vertical load force transmission structure, wherein the four pull rods are orthogonal to the central lines of the two groups of horizontal load supporting structures and are vertically installed; the vertical load force transmission structure consists of a height adjusting rod, a torsion oil cylinder and a steel cylinder; the loading system is connected with the loading end head through a trapezoidal prefabricated interface.
The loading end comprises a tensile loading end, a pressure loading end and a torsion loading end, the front end of the tensile loading end is provided with a tension claw, and the rear end of the tensile loading end is connected with a short steel cylinder; the front end of the pressure loading end is a square steel plate, and the rear end of the pressure loading end is connected with a short steel cylinder; the front end of the torsion loading end is a steel plate with the periphery connected with the height of 50mm, the steel plate is in a square groove shape and used for fixing a test piece, and the rear end of the torsion loading end is connected with a short steel cylinder; the loading end heads are connected with the three groups of loading systems through trapezoidal prefabricated interfaces, the diameter of the cross section of the short steel cylinder is 80mm, and the length of the cross section of the short steel cylinder is 50 mm; the short steel cylinder is provided with a trapezoidal protruding prefabricated interface; the front end of the short steel cylinder is integrally manufactured with the loading end head or is connected with the loading end head in a welding mode.
the pair of transverse buttress type load supporting beams and the pair of longitudinal buttress type load supporting beams are arranged in opposite directions; the buttress type load supporting beams are all arranged on the sliding plate; two hexagon bolts are respectively arranged on the side plates at the two sides of the sliding plate to adjust the horizontal position of the buttress type load supporting beam; the height of the side plates at the two sides of the sliding plate is 20 mm; two hexagon bolts are respectively arranged on two sides of the sliding plate in the long edge direction to limit the front and back positions of the counterfort type load supporting beam and prevent the counterfort from sliding forwards and backwards; the supporting plate is fixed on the base through a supporting bolt, and two parallel sliding grooves facing the height adjusting rod from outside to inside are formed in the supporting plate; the two sliding grooves are symmetrical about the longitudinal central line of the buttress type load supporting beam; the sliding grooves occupy the left side and the right side of 2/3 of the supporting plate, and the tail ends of the sliding grooves are arranged close to the height adjusting rods; a plurality of steel balls which can freely move along the groove are arranged in the sliding groove; 2/3, the steel balls are arranged in a close manner, wherein the steel balls occupy the length of the groove; the sliding plate can move along the sliding groove of the bearing plate through the steel ball, so that the load force transmission structures in the same direction can be automatically centered.
The buttresses of the transverse buttress type load supporting beam and the longitudinal buttress type load supporting beam are two rib plates; the upper ends of the rib plates are welded with the buttress type load supporting beam; the two rib plates are symmetrical about the longitudinal central line of the buttress type load supporting beam; the lower end of the ribbed plate is connected with the bearing plate through a bolt; the angle between the rib plate and the horizontal bearing plate is 45 degrees; the vertical projection of the two ribbed plates is the same with the distance between the two sliding chutes on the two sides, and the distance is 1/3 of the distance between the two sliding chutes; bolt holes are arranged in the middle of the sliding groove on the supporting plate at three equal intervals along the direction of the sliding groove; the loading section is a connecting area of the lower end of the rib plate and the bearing plate when the test piece is loaded;
two vertically arranged strip-shaped holes are formed in the inner sides of the transverse buttress type load supporting beam and the longitudinal buttress type load supporting beam; the length of the strip-shaped hole is 1/3 of the height of the buttress type load supporting beam; the strip-shaped holes are symmetrical about the central line of the load supporting beam, and the oil cylinder and the counterfort type load supporting beam are fixed by the bolts through the strip-shaped holes.
the transverse load force transmission structure and the longitudinal load force transmission structure both comprise an oil cylinder and a steel cylinder; the steel cylinder is connected with the load sensor and the oil cylinder through a connecting gland, and the other end of the steel cylinder is provided with a trapezoidal sunken prefabricated interface and connected with the loading end; the oil cylinders are fixed at the symmetrical center positions of the buttress type load supporting beams; the oil cylinder passes through a strip-shaped hole formed in the buttress type load supporting beam through a bolt to be fixed; the oil cylinder can vertically move along the strip-shaped hole; the maximum telescopic stroke of the oil cylinder piston is 100 mm; the hydraulic jack is arranged on the sliding plate and connected with the sliding plate through a bolt; the upper part of the hydraulic jack is propped against the oil cylinder, so that the oil cylinder can move up and down.
The vertical loading system consists of an upper load supporting beam, four pull rods, two load sensors and a vertical load force transmission structure; the four pull rods connect the upper load supporting beam and the base together through nuts and washers, and are vertically installed in a way of being orthogonal to the central line of the load supporting structure in the horizontal direction; the lower ends of the four pull rods penetrate through the base and are fixed through the screw cap, and the lower ends of the four pull rods are directly propped against the supporting screw rods; the area of the upper load supporting beam is larger than that of the transverse and longitudinal buttress type load supporting beams; the top of the upper load supporting beam is connected with a lifting ring, so that the whole device can be lifted;
the vertical load force transmission structure consists of a height adjusting rod, a vertical torsion oil cylinder and a steel cylinder; the height adjusting rod can adjust the vertical height of the test piece; the diameter of the lower part of the height adjusting rod is 150mm, the height of the height adjusting rod is 630mm, the diameter of the upper end of the height adjusting rod is 80mm, and the height of the height adjusting rod is 50 mm; the upper end of the height adjusting rod is provided with a trapezoidal sunken prefabricated interface which is used for being connected with a loading end; the steel cylinder is connected with the load sensor and the oil cylinder through a gland, and the other end of the steel cylinder is provided with a trapezoidal sunken prefabricated interface which is connected with the loading end;
the rotor is arranged in the vertical torsion oil cylinder, is provided with two oil paths and is provided with a valve, the rotor is connected with an oil cylinder piston, and the piston is stretched and twisted under the control of oil pressure and the valve; the vertical torsion oil cylinder is fixed at the symmetrical center of the upper load supporting beam; the maximum telescopic stroke of the piston of the vertical torsion oil cylinder is 100 mm.
The diameter of the cross section of the steel cylinder is 80mm, and the length of the cross section of the steel cylinder is 200 mm; the front end of the steel cylinder is provided with a trapezoidal sunken prefabricated interface, and the rear end of the steel cylinder is connected with a gland; the gland is connected with the oil cylinder and the load sensor through bolts.
The load sensor can accurately measure the size of the load; the load sensor is respectively connected with the oil cylinder and the steel cylinder through pressing covers at two ends.
the inner surface size of the tensile loading end is 150mm multiplied by 150mm or 100mm multiplied by 100m and the like, the thickness is 15mm, and the tensile claw is bonded with a test piece through a reinforcing plate; the reinforcing plate is a steel sheet with the thickness of 2 mm; the inner surface of the pressure loading end head has the size of 100mm multiplied by 50mm, 100mm multiplied by 100mm, 150mm multiplied by 75mm, 150mm multiplied by 150mm and the like, and the thickness is 15 mm; the torsion loading end is a square groove-shaped steel plate with the periphery connected with the width of 15mm and the height of 50mm and is used for placing a test piece in the torsion loading end; the internal dimension of the square groove is 100mm multiplied by 100mm or 150mm multiplied by 150mm and the like.
The trapezoidal prefabricated interface comprises a trapezoidal convex prefabricated interface and a trapezoidal concave prefabricated interface which are matched, the trapezoidal convex prefabricated interface is a convex trapezoid with the inner width being wide and the outer width being narrow, and a small square steel block radially protrudes from the wider side end; the trapezoidal sunken prefabricated interface is sunken trapezoidal wide inside and narrow outside, and wider one side tip radially opens little square groove on trapezoidal limit, prevents loading end landing.
the invention has the following advantages:
the rock body tension, compression, shearing and torsion integrated test device can perform compression test, tension and compression combined test, structural plane shear test, tension and shear combined test, torsion test, compression and torsion combined test, tension and torsion combined test and the like on a rock body, realizes accurate measurement of strength and stress-strain relation of the rock body under complex stress action, obtains multiple strength indexes of the rock body, obtains strength characteristics, constitutive relation and stress state of the engineering rock body in the tension and compression, tension and shear, tension and torsion combined state, deeply studies the stress state in the construction process, and solves the problem that the conventional triaxial, true triaxial apparatus, tension and torsion true triaxial apparatus and the like which are widely adopted at present can not comprehensively and truly reflect the stress state of the engineering rock body.
drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the construction of the test apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view A-A of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view B-B of FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a three-view illustration of a tension loading head of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a three-dimensional view of the pressure loading head of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a three-view illustration of a torsional loading head of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the horizontal loading system of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a left side view of the horizontal direction loading system of the present invention;
in the figure: 1. three groups of loading systems, 2-1, a tensile loading end, 2-2, a pressure loading end, 2-3, a torsional loading end, 3, a base, 4, a transverse loading system, 5, a longitudinal loading system, 6, a vertical loading system, 7, a supporting screw, 8, a supporting plate, 9, a sliding plate, 10, a sliding groove, 11, an oil cylinder, 11-1 transverse oil cylinder, 11-2 longitudinal oil cylinder, 11-3, a vertical torsional oil cylinder, 12, a load force transmission structure, 12-1, a transverse load force transmission structure, 12-2, a longitudinal load force transmission structure, 12-3, a vertical load force transmission structure 13, a load supporting structure, 13-1, a transverse load supporting structure, 13-2 longitudinal load supporting structure, 14, a hydraulic jack, 14-1, a transverse hydraulic jack, 14-2, A longitudinal hydraulic jack, 15, a load sensor, 15-1, a transverse load sensor, 15-2, a longitudinal load sensor, 15-3, a vertical load sensor, 16, a buttress load support beam, 16-1 a transverse buttress load support beam, 16-2, a longitudinal buttress load support beam, 17, a hexagon bolt, 18, a support bolt, 19, a steel ball, 20, a rib plate, 21, a bolt hole, 22, a strip-shaped hole formed on the buttress load support beam, 22-1, a transverse strip-shaped hole, 22-2, a longitudinal strip-shaped hole, 23, an upper load support beam, 24, four pull rods, 24-1, a nut, 24-2, a gasket, 25, a steel cylinder, 26, a height adjusting rod, 27, a lifting ring, 28, a trapezoidal prefabricated interface, 28-1, a trapezoidal protruding prefabricated interface, 28-2 and a trapezoidal recessed prefabricated interface, 30. short steel cylinder.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further specifically described by the following embodiments and the accompanying drawings, and as shown in fig. 1-8, the rock body tension, compression, shearing and torsion integrated test device comprises three groups of loading systems 1, loading ends and a base 3, wherein the three groups of loading systems 1 comprise a transverse loading system 4, a longitudinal loading system 5 and a vertical loading system 6.
the transverse loading system 4 and the longitudinal loading system 5 can slide along a sliding groove 10 on a supporting plate 8 through a sliding plate 9 to reach a proper loading position, and then the loading of the test piece is realized through the expansion and contraction of an oil cylinder 11, wherein the maximum stroke of a piston of the oil cylinder 11 is 100 mm. The vertical loading system 6 is formed by connecting an upper load supporting beam 23 and the base 3 together through four pull rods 24, and is vertically arranged in a way of being orthogonal to the central lines of the load supporting structures 13-1 and 13-2 in the horizontal direction. The vertical load force transmission structure 12-3 comprises a vertical torsion oil cylinder 11-3, a height adjusting rod 26 and a steel cylinder 25, and the steel cylinder 25 is connected with the loading end head 2 through a trapezoid prefabricated interface 28. The height adjusting rod 26 is connected with the loading end 2 through a trapezoid prefabricated interface 28, so that the test piece is at a certain height, and then the test piece is loaded through the stretching and twisting of the vertical twisting oil cylinder 11-3 on the upper load supporting beam 23.
The loading end 2 is connected with the three groups of loading systems 1 through trapezoid prefabricated interfaces 28 respectively, the loading end 2 comprises a tensile loading end 2-1, a pressure loading end 2-2 and a torsion loading end 2-3, the loading end 2 is connected with the load force transmission structure 12 through trapezoid protruding prefabricated interfaces 28-1, and the rear end of the loading end 2 is welded with a short steel cylinder 30.
the inner surface size of the tensile loading end 2-1 is 150mm multiplied by 150mm or 100mm multiplied by 100m and the like, the thickness is 15mm, and the tensile claw is bonded with a test piece through a reinforcing plate 29; the thickness of the reinforcing plate is a steel sheet of 2 mm.
The pressure-application tip 2-2 has various inner surface dimensions of 100mm × 50mm, 100mm × 100mm, 150mm × 75mm, 150mm × 150mm, and the like, and has a thickness of 15 mm.
The torsion loading end 2-3 is a square groove-shaped steel plate with the periphery connected with the width of 15mm and the height of 50mm, and a test piece can be placed in the square groove, wherein the internal dimensions of the square groove are 100mm multiplied by 100mm, 150mm multiplied by 150mm and the like.
the trapezoidal prefabricated interface 28 comprises a trapezoidal convex prefabricated interface 28-1 and a trapezoidal concave prefabricated interface 28-2; the trapezoidal protruding prefabricated interface 28-1 is a protruding trapezoid with a wide inner part and a narrow outer part, and a small square steel block radially protrudes from the wider side end; the trapezoidal recessed prefabricated interface 28-2 is a recessed trapezoid with a wide inner part and a narrow outer part, and the end part of the wider side is provided with a small square groove along the radial direction on the trapezoidal side to prevent the loading end head from sliding off; the trapezoidal convex prefabricated interface is just connected with the trapezoidal concave prefabricated interface;
And the base 3 is provided with 13 supporting screw rods 7 for adjusting the level of the equipment, and the transverse loading system 4 and the longitudinal loading system 5 are fixed on the base by the supporting plate 8 and the base 3 through supporting bolts 18.
the transverse and longitudinal load supporting structure comprises a pair of buttress type load supporting beams 16-1 and 16-2, a sliding plate 9 and a supporting plate 8; the central lines of the transverse and longitudinal two pairs of buttress type load supporting beams 16-1 and 16-2 are vertical to each other; a pair of buttress load-bearing beams 16 are oppositely disposed; the buttress type load supporting beam 16 is arranged on the sliding plate 9; two hexagon bolts 17 are respectively arranged on the side plates 9-1 at the two sides of the sliding plate to adjust the horizontal position of the buttress type load supporting beam 16; the height of the side plates 9-1 at the two sides of the sliding plate is 20 mm; two hexagon bolts 17 are respectively arranged on two sides of the sliding plate 9 in the long edge direction to limit the front and back positions of the buttress type load supporting beam 16 and prevent the front and back sliding; the support plate 8 is fixed on the base 3 through a support bolt 18, and two parallel sliding grooves 10 facing the height adjusting rod 26 from outside to inside are arranged on the support plate 8; the slide groove 10 occupies about 2/3 of the support plate 8 and is provided near the height adjusting lever 26; a plurality of steel balls 19 which can freely move along the chute are arranged in the chute 10; 2/3 steel balls 19 are arranged in a close manner to occupy the length of the groove; the sliding plate 9 can move along the sliding chute 10 of the bearing plate through the steel ball 19, so that the load force transmission structures 12 in the same direction can be automatically centered;
the buttress of the transverse and longitudinal buttress type load-bearing beam is two ribbed plates 20; the upper ends of the rib plates 20 are welded with the buttress type load supporting beam 16; the two rib plates are symmetrical about the longitudinal central line of the buttress type load supporting beam; the lower end of the ribbed plate is connected with the bearing plate 8 through a bolt 17; the angle between the rib plate and the horizontal bearing plate is 45 degrees; bolt holes 21 are arranged in the middle of the sliding groove on the bearing plate at three equal intervals along the direction of the sliding groove; the loading section is a connecting area of the lower end of the rib plate 20 and the bearing plate 8 when the test piece can be loaded;
the buttress type load supporting beam 16 is provided with a strip-shaped hole 22; the length of the strip-shaped hole is 1/3 of the height of the buttress type load supporting beam; the strip-shaped holes are symmetrical about the central line of the load supporting beam, and the horizontal direction oil cylinders 11-1 and 11-2 and the counterfort type load supporting beam 16 are fixed by the bolts 17 through the strip-shaped holes 22;
The transverse and longitudinal load force transmission structure 12 comprises an oil cylinder 11 and a steel cylinder 25; the steel cylinder 25 is connected with the gland and can be connected with the load sensor 15 or the oil cylinder 11, and the other end of the steel cylinder is provided with a trapezoidal prefabricated interface 28 which can be connected with the loading end 2; the trapezoid prefabricated interface 28 is a sunken trapezoid with a wide inner part and a narrow outer part, and the end part of the wider side is provided with a small square groove along the radial direction on the trapezoid side to prevent the steel plate from sliding off and is connected with the loading end head 2; the transverse and longitudinal oil cylinders 11-1 and 11-2 are fixed at the symmetrical center of each buttress type load supporting beam 16, fixed by a bolt 17 penetrating through a strip-shaped hole 22 formed by the buttress type load supporting beam and can vertically move, and the maximum stroke of a piston of the piston is 100 mm;
the hydraulic jack 14 is arranged on the sliding plate and connected with the sliding plate 9 by a bolt 17; the upper part of the hydraulic jack is propped against the oil cylinder 11, so that the oil cylinder can move up and down;
the vertical loading system 6 consists of an upper load supporting beam 23, four pull rods 24, a base 3, two load sensors 15 and a vertical load force transmission structure 12-3; four pull rods 24 connect the upper load supporting beam 23 and the base 3 together through nuts 24-1 and washers 24-2, and are vertically installed in a way of being orthogonal to the central lines of the load supporting structures 13-1 and 13-2 in the horizontal direction; the lower ends of four pull rods 24 penetrate through the base 3 and are fixed through nuts 24-1, and the lower ends are directly propped against supporting screw rods 7; a height adjusting rod 26 is arranged on the base 3 through threads; the area of the upper load supporting beam is larger than that of the transverse and longitudinal buttress type load supporting beams; the top of the upper load supporting beam is connected with a lifting ring 27, so that the whole device can be lifted;
The vertical load force transmission structure 12-3 consists of a height adjusting rod 26, a vertical torsion oil cylinder 11-3 and a steel cylinder 25; the height adjusting rod 26 can adjust the vertical height of the test piece; the diameter of the lower part of the height adjusting rod is 150mm, the height of the height adjusting rod is 630mm, the diameter of the upper end of the height adjusting rod is 80mm, and the height of the height adjusting rod is 50 mm; the upper end of the height adjusting rod is provided with a trapezoidal sunken prefabricated interface 28-2 which can be connected with the loading end head 2; the steel cylinder 25 is connected with a gland and can be connected with the load sensor 15 or the oil cylinder 11, and the other end of the steel cylinder is provided with a trapezoidal sunken prefabricated interface 28-2 which can be connected with the loading end head 2;
A rotor is arranged in the vertical torsion oil cylinder 11-3, two oil paths are arranged, a valve is arranged, the rotor is connected with an oil cylinder piston, and the piston can stretch and twist through the control of oil pressure and the valve; the vertical torsion oil cylinder 11-3 is fixed at the symmetrical center position of the upper load supporting beam 23; the maximum telescopic stroke of the piston of the vertical torsion oil cylinder 11-3 is 100 mm;
the load sensor 15 can measure the load; the load sensor is respectively connected with the oil cylinder 11 and the steel cylinder 25 through the pressing covers at two ends when the load sensor needs to be arranged in an experiment;
the diameter of the cross section of the short steel cylinder 30 is 80mm, and the length is 50 mm; the short steel cylinder is provided with a trapezoidal protruding prefabricated interface 28-1; the other end of the short steel cylinder is integrally manufactured with the loading end head or is connected with the loading end head in a welding mode;
The diameter of the cross section of the steel cylinder 25 is 80mm, and the length is 200 mm; the front end of the steel cylinder is provided with a trapezoidal sunken prefabricated interface 28-2, and the rear end of the steel cylinder is connected with a gland; the gland can be connected with an oil cylinder or a sensor through a bolt;
the loading end 2 comprises a tensile loading end 2-1, a pressure loading end 2-2 and a torsion loading end 2-3; the loading ends are connected with a load force transmission structure through trapezoidal protruding prefabricated interfaces 28-1; the rear end of the loading end 2 is welded with a short steel cylinder 30;
the inner surface size of the tensile loading end 2-1 is 150mm multiplied by 150mm or 100mm multiplied by 100m and the like, the thickness is 15mm, and the tensile claw is bonded with a test piece through a reinforcing plate; a steel sheet having a thickness of 2 mm;
the inner surface of the pressure loading end 2-2 has the size of 100mm multiplied by 50mm, 100mm multiplied by 100mm, 150mm multiplied by 75mm, 150mm multiplied by 150mm and other forms, and the thickness is 15 mm;
2-3 torsion loading ends which are square groove-shaped steel plates with the four sides connected and the width of 15mm and the height of 50mm, and test pieces can be placed in the torsion loading ends; the inner size of the square groove is 100mm multiplied by 100mm, 150mm multiplied by 150mm and the like;
The trapezoidal prefabricated interface 28 comprises a trapezoidal convex prefabricated interface 28-1 and a trapezoidal concave prefabricated interface 28-2;
The trapezoidal protruding prefabricated interface 28-1 is a protruding trapezoid with a wide inner part and a narrow outer part, and a small square steel block radially protrudes from the wider side end; the trapezoidal recessed prefabricated interface 28-2 is a recessed trapezoid with a wide inner part and a narrow outer part, and a small square groove is formed in the end part of the wider side of the trapezoid along the radial direction to prevent the loading end head 2 from sliding off; the trapezoidal concave prefabricated interface is just connected with the trapezoidal convex prefabricated interface.
When the device works, the hydraulic control system controls oil pressure, the load sensor is connected with the computer through a lead, a torque tester can be added when torsion is carried out, and then the computer forms a closed loop through an encoder to finish load input and data acquisition.
The compression test was first performed as follows:
firstly, connecting a pair of oil cylinders 11 in the same direction in parallel by using a steel oil pipe, connecting a hydraulic pressure stabilizer with an oil pipe joint by using a high-pressure hose, then exhausting gas by using a hydraulic system, operating the hydraulic pressure stabilizer to enable all the oil cylinders 11 to reciprocate for 3-5 times in a full stroke manner, and finally enabling all pistons to retract into the oil cylinders;
And secondly, positioning a test piece, taking a cubic test piece with the side length of 150mm as an example. Adjusting a height adjusting rod 26 to a height convenient to operate, connecting the prepared test piece with a 150mm multiplied by 150mm pressure loading end 2-2 through a prefabricated interface 28, placing the prepared test piece on the pressure loading end 2-2, symmetrically arranging the test piece front and back and left and right, taking down bolts 17 at the lower ends of eight horizontal rib plates 20 and a support plate 8, respectively pushing a sliding plate 9 and a buttress type load support beam 16 on the sliding plate to slide to a horizontal direction oil cylinder 11-1 and 11-2 at a proper distance from a test block contact surface in the horizontal direction, and sequentially connecting the horizontal direction oil cylinders 11-1 and 11-2, horizontal direction load sensors 15-1 and 15-2 and a horizontal direction steel cylinder 25 through a pressure cover;
Thirdly, horizontally connecting a 150mm multiplied by 150mm pressure loading end head 2-2 through a trapezoidal depression prefabrication interface 28-2, and longitudinally connecting the 150mm multiplied by 150mm pressure loading end head 2-2 through a trapezoidal depression prefabrication interface 28-2; respectively adjusting a transverse hydraulic jack 14-1 and a longitudinal hydraulic jack 14-2 to enable the horizontal direction oil cylinders 11-1 and 11-2 to move up and down along the strip-shaped holes 22-1 and 22-2 to a position where the center line of each pressure loading end 2-2 is aligned with the center line of the test piece, and fixing bolts 17 to fix the horizontal direction oil cylinders 11-1 and 11-2;
Fourthly, the sliding plate 9 and the buttress type load supporting beam 16 on the sliding plate are pushed to slide to the distance of about 10mm from the contact surface of the test block from each pressure loading end 2-2 in the horizontal direction, the lower ends of eight ribbed plates 20 are fixed on the supporting plate 8 through bolts 17, the upper and lower positions of the horizontal direction oil cylinders 11-1 and 11-2 are calibrated, and the centers of two pairs of pressure loading ends 2-2 in the horizontal direction and the center of the test block are ensured to be on the same horizontal line;
and fifthly, sequentially connecting the vertical torsion oil cylinder 11-3, the vertical load sensor 15-3 and the vertical steel cylinder 25 through a gland, connecting the 150mm multiplied by 150mm pressure loading end 2-2 with the vertical steel cylinder 25 through a trapezoidal sunken prefabricated interface 28-2, connecting a lead, and operating a hydraulic pressure stabilizer to extend a piston of the vertical torsion oil cylinder 11-3, so that the pressure loading end 2-2 on the upper load supporting beam 23 is 10mm or so away from the upper surface of the test block. And (5) mounting a displacement sensor. If the test requirement is not needed, the operation can be omitted;
so far, the test piece is in place and is finished, and uniaxial compression resistance, biaxial compression resistance and triaxial compression resistance tests can be carried out on the test piece.
and sixthly, connecting the conducting wire for a loading test. Firstly, the hydraulic pressure stabilizer is operated to extend the piston, so that the surface of each pressure loading end 2-2 is contacted with the test piece. Then, prepressing the test piece to enable all the oil cylinders 11 to apply load to the test piece to be about 0.5MPa, then unloading, and recording initial reading of each measuring point;
and seventhly, formally loading. Determining a loading grade according to test requirements, loading step by step and collecting data, wherein the loading interval time of two-stage loads is not less than 5 minutes, and the interval time of two-stage loads is properly shortened when the damage is approached;
and eighthly, unloading and subsequent treatment. When the test piece loses the bearing capacity, the test piece is proved to be seriously damaged, and the loading is stopped and the test piece is unloaded step by step. In the unloading process, data can be continuously acquired according to the requirement, and when the oil pressure drop is zero, the unloading is finished. If the medium of the test piece is a brittle material, the test piece can be suddenly damaged after the load rises to a certain degree, and the test piece is immediately unloaded when the oil pressure suddenly drops. Then operating the hydraulic pressure stabilizer to enable all the oil cylinder 11 pistons to be completely retracted to the bottom; pulling the rib plate 20 to move backwards, enabling the loading end 2 to leave the test piece, and removing the loading end 2 above the test piece. The macroscopic destruction of the test piece was recorded. And then disconnecting the measuring instrument connecting lead, detaching the displacement sensor and taking out the test piece.
And then carrying out a shear test or a compression shear test, wherein the process is as follows:
repeating the first step and the second step of the compression test;
Thirdly, horizontally and transversely connecting a 150mm multiplied by 75mm pressure loading end 2-2, longitudinally and connecting a 150mm multiplied by 75mm pressure loading end 2-2 and a 150mm multiplied by 150mm pressure loading end 2-2; adjusting a longitudinal hydraulic jack 14-2 to enable a longitudinal oil cylinder 11-2 to move up and down along a strip-shaped hole 22-2, enabling the bottoms of two longitudinally opposite pressure loading end heads 2-2 to be aligned with the lower half part of a test piece, and fixing a bolt 17 to fix the longitudinal oil cylinder 11-2; adjusting a transverse hydraulic jack 14-1 to enable a transverse oil cylinder 11-1 to move up and down along a strip-shaped hole 22-1, enabling one side of a transversely opposite pressure loading end 22 to be aligned with the upper half part of a test piece and the other side of the transversely opposite pressure loading end to be aligned with the lower half part of the test piece, and fixing a bolt 17 to fix the transverse oil cylinder 11-1;
Fourthly, the sliding plate 9 and the buttress type load supporting beam 16 thereof are pushed to slide until each pressure loading end head 2-2 is horizontally 10mm away from the contact surface of the test block, and the lower ends of the eight rib plates 20 are fixed on the supporting plate 8 through bolts 17; adjusting the upper and lower positions of the longitudinal oil cylinder 11-2 to ensure that the centers of the two pressure loading end heads 2-2 are on the same horizontal line; adjusting the upper and lower positions of a transverse oil cylinder 11-1 to ensure that a shearing structural surface is formed between a group of transversely opposite pressure loading end heads 2-2; a displacement sensor is arranged above a 150mm multiplied by 75mm pressure loading end head 22 which is aligned with the lower part of the test piece in the horizontal direction;
Repeating the fifth step of the compression test;
and finally, after the test piece is in place, performing a shear test and a compression shear test.
And repeating the sixth step, the seventh step and the eighth step of the compression test.
the tensile test was then carried out as follows:
Repeating the first step of the compression test;
and secondly, placing the test piece in place, manufacturing a cuboid test piece with the thickness of 450mm, the thickness of 150mm and the thickness of 150mm, processing a narrow slit with the depth of 15mm and the width of 1-2 mm around the symmetrical plane in the middle of the test piece, and adhering tensile plates at two ends of the test piece. Adjusting a height adjusting rod 26 to a specified height, connecting a 150mm multiplied by 150mm pressure loading end 2-2 through a trapezoid prefabricated interface 28, symmetrically arranging a test piece on the pressure loading end 2-2, enabling a long edge to be located in the transverse direction, taking down bolts 17 at the lower ends of eight rib plates 20 in the horizontal direction and a support plate 8, respectively pushing a sliding plate 9 and a buttress type load support beam 16 thereof to slide until oil cylinders 11-1 and 11-2 are horizontally at a proper distance from a contact surface of the test piece, and connecting the horizontal oil cylinders 11-1 and 11-2, horizontal load sensors 15-1 and 15-2 and a horizontal steel cylinder 25 through a gland;
Thirdly, horizontally and transversely connecting a 150mm multiplied by 150mm tensile loading end 2-1, and longitudinally connecting a 150mm multiplied by 150mm pressure loading end 2-2; adjusting a longitudinal hydraulic jack 14-2 to enable a longitudinal oil cylinder 11-2 to move up and down along a strip-shaped hole 22-2, enabling two pressure loading end heads 2-2 which are longitudinally opposite to each other to be aligned with the center of a test piece, and fixing a bolt 17 to fix the longitudinal oil cylinder 11-2; adjusting a transverse hydraulic jack 14-1 to enable a transverse oil cylinder 11-1 to move up and down along a strip-shaped hole 22-1, enabling the symmetrical center line of transversely opposite stretching loading ends 2-1 to coincide with the center connecting line of the two oil cylinders and the inner side planes of the two tension claws to be parallel to each other and perpendicular to the symmetrical center line, and fixing a bolt 17 to fix the transverse oil cylinder 11-1;
Fourthly, pushing the transverse sliding plate 9 and the counterfort type load supporting beam 16-1 thereof to enable the distance between the inner planes of the two tension claws to be 50mm from the contact surface of the test piece, fixing the lower ends of the transverse four rib plates 20 on the supporting plate 8 through bolts 17, adjusting the upper and lower positions of an oil cylinder to ensure that the tensile loading end 2-1 and the center of the test piece are on the same horizontal line, extending the piston rod of the drawable direction oil cylinder 11, adjusting the length of the piston adjusting rod of the drawable direction oil cylinder to enable the inner planes of the two tension claws to be about 490mm apart, and bonding the two tension claws and the test piece through a reinforcing plate 29; pushing a longitudinal sliding plate 9 and a buttress type load supporting beam 16-2 on the longitudinal sliding plate to enable two pressure loading ends 2-2 to be respectively away from a test block contact surface by about 10mm, fixing the lower ends of four longitudinal rib plates 20 on a supporting plate 8 through bolts 17, and adjusting the upper position and the lower position of an oil cylinder to ensure that the two pressure loading ends 2-2 and the center of a test block are on the same horizontal line;
repeating the fifth step of the compression test;
And finally, after the test piece is in place, performing a tensile test and a tension-compression test.
And sixthly, connecting a lead and carrying out a loading test. The test piece is first pre-pressed and pre-tensioned. Operating a hydraulic pressure stabilizer to enable the piston of the transverse connection pull claw direction oil cylinder 11-1 to retract, applying tension of 0.5MPa, applying pressure of 0.5MPa to the test piece by the piston of the longitudinal oil cylinder 11-2, and then completely unloading;
and repeating the seventh step and the eighth step of the compression test.
then, a tensile shear test or a tensile compression shear test is carried out, and the process is as follows:
repeating the first step and the second step of the tensile test;
thirdly, horizontally and transversely connecting a 150mm multiplied by 150mm tensile loading end 2-1, and longitudinally connecting a 150mm multiplied by 75mm pressure loading end 2-2; adjusting a longitudinal hydraulic jack 14-2 to enable a longitudinal oil cylinder 11-2 to move up and down along a strip-shaped hole 22-2, enabling one side of a pressure loading end head 2-2 opposite to the longitudinal direction to be aligned with the upper half part of a test piece and the other side to be aligned with the lower half part of the test piece, and fixing a bolt 17 to fix the longitudinal oil cylinder 11-2; adjusting a transverse hydraulic jack 14-1 to enable the oil cylinders to move up and down along the strip-shaped holes, enabling transversely opposite tensile loading end heads to be superposed with a central connecting line of the two oil cylinders, enabling inner side planes of the two tensile claws to be parallel to each other and perpendicular to a symmetrical central line, and fixing a bolt 17 to fix the transverse oil cylinder 11-1;
fourthly, pushing the transverse sliding plate 9 and the counterfort type load supporting beam 16-1 thereof to enable the distance between the inner side planes of the two tension claws to be 50mm from the contact surface of the test piece, fixing the lower ends of the transverse four rib plates 20 on the supporting plate 8 through bolts 17, adjusting the up-down position of the transverse oil cylinder 11-1 to ensure that the tensile loading end 2-1 and the center of the test piece are on the same horizontal line, operating a hydraulic pressure stabilizer to enable the piston rod of the drawable direction oil cylinder 11-1 to extend out, adjusting the length of the piston adjusting rod of the drawable direction oil cylinder to enable the inner side planes of the two tension claws to be 490mm apart, and connecting the two tension claws with the test piece through a reinforcing plate 29; pushing a longitudinal sliding plate 9 and a counterfort type load supporting beam 16-2 thereof to enable two pressure loading ends 2-2 to be respectively 10mm away from a test block contact surface, fixing the lower ends of four longitudinal rib plates 20 on a supporting plate 8 through bolts 17, adjusting the upper and lower positions of a longitudinal oil cylinder 11-2, and ensuring that a shearing structure surface is formed between a group of longitudinally opposite pressure loading ends 2-2;
And repeating the fifth step, the sixth step, the seventh step and the eighth step of the tensile test.
The torsion test was then performed as follows:
Repeating the first step of the compression test;
and secondly, manufacturing a cuboid test piece with the thickness of 450mm multiplied by 150 mm. Adjusting a height adjusting rod 26 to a specified height, connecting a 150mm multiplied by 150mm torsion loading end 2-3 through a trapezoid prefabrication interface 28, connecting a vertical torsion oil cylinder 11-3, a vertical load sensor 15-3 and a vertical steel cylinder 25 through a gland, and connecting the steel cylinder 25 with the 150mm multiplied by 150mm torsion loading end 2-3 through the trapezoid prefabrication interface 28;
Thirdly, vertically and slowly placing the test piece into the torsion loading end 2-3 on the height adjusting rod 26 to completely place the test piece in the torsion loading end, connecting a lead, operating a hydraulic pressure stabilizer to extend a piston of the vertical torsion oil cylinder 11-3 to completely place the upper end of the test piece into the upper end vertical torsion end 2-3;
Fourthly, horizontally, transversely and longitudinally connecting 150mm multiplied by 150mm pressure loading ends 2-2, adjusting transverse and longitudinal hydraulic jacks 14-1 and 14-2, enabling the oil cylinder 11 to move up and down along the strip-shaped hole 22, enabling the vertical central line of the test piece to coincide with the central line of the horizontally pressure loading end 2-2, pushing the buttress type load supporting beam 16 on the sliding plate 9 until the pressure loading end 2-2 is 10mm away from the contact surface of the test piece, fixing the lower end of a ribbed plate 20 of the wall type buttress load supporting beam 16 on the supporting plate 8 through a bolt 17, adjusting the up-down position of the oil cylinder 11, ensuring the test piece to coincide with the central line of the pressure loading end 2-2, installing a displacement sensor above the up-down torsion loading end 22, and not performing the operation if the test requirement is not needed;
and finally, after the test piece is in place, performing torsion test and pressure torsion test on the test piece.
And fifthly, connecting a lead to perform a loading test. Operating a horizontal hydraulic pressure stabilizer to slowly extend a piston, prepressing a test piece, applying a load of about 0.5MPa, adjusting a vertical torsion oil cylinder, pre-twisting the test piece, unloading and recording initial readings of all measuring points without performing the operation at the step if the test requirement is not needed; the vertical torsion, compression and pressure torsion of the test piece can be realized by adjusting a valve of the vertical torsion oil cylinder;
And repeating the seventh step and the eighth step of the compression test.
the loading end 2 is connected with the load transmission structure 12 through the trapezoid prefabricated interface 28, so that the mutual conversion of a test piece compression test, a tensile test, a tension-compression combined test, a structural plane shearing test, a tension-shear combined test, a torsion test, a compression-torsion combined test, a tension-torsion combined test and the like and the conversion of a test piece single-axis test, a test piece double-axis test and a test piece three-axis test can be realized.
The rock body tension, compression, shearing and torsion integrated test device can perform compression test, tension and compression combined test, structural plane shear test, tension and shear combined test, torsion test, compression and torsion combined test, tension and torsion combined test and the like on a rock body, realizes accurate measurement of stress-strain relationship under complex stress action of the rock body, obtains multiple strength indexes of the rock body, obtains the strength characteristics and constitutive relation of the engineering rock body in the tension and compression, tension and shear, tension and torsion combined state and the stress state in the construction process, and solves the defect that the stress state of the engineering rock body cannot be comprehensively and truly reflected by the conventional triaxial or true triaxial apparatus, tension and compression true triaxial apparatus and the like widely adopted at present.
the protective scope of the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and it is apparent that various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the present invention. It is intended that the present invention cover the modifications and variations of this invention provided they come within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (10)
1. the utility model provides a tensile, compression, shearing of rock mass and twist reverse integrative test device, includes device base, three loading systems of group and a plurality of loading end, its characterized in that: the loading system comprises a transverse loading system, a longitudinal loading system and a vertical loading system, wherein the transverse loading system comprises two transverse load supporting structures, two load sensors, a transverse load force transmission structure and two hydraulic jacks, and the two transverse load supporting structures consist of a pair of transverse buttress type load supporting beams, a sliding plate and a supporting plate; the longitudinal loading system comprises two longitudinal load supporting structures, two load sensors, a longitudinal load force transmission structure and two hydraulic jacks, wherein the two load supporting structures consist of a pair of longitudinal buttress type load supporting beams, a sliding plate and a supporting plate; the central lines of the transverse buttress type load supporting beam and the longitudinal buttress type load supporting beam are mutually vertical; the vertical loading system comprises an upper load supporting beam, four pull rods, two load sensors and a vertical load force transmission structure, wherein the four pull rods are orthogonal to the central lines of the two groups of horizontal load supporting structures and are vertically installed; the vertical load force transmission structure consists of a height adjusting rod, a torsion oil cylinder and a steel cylinder; the loading system is connected with the loading end head through a trapezoidal prefabricated interface.
2. a rock mass tension, compression, shear and torsion integrated test device as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the loading end comprises a tensile loading end, a pressure loading end and a torsion loading end, the front end of the tensile loading end is provided with a tension claw, and the rear end of the tensile loading end is connected with a short steel cylinder; the front end of the pressure loading end is a square steel plate, and the rear end of the pressure loading end is connected with a short steel cylinder; the front end of the torsion loading end is a steel plate with the periphery connected with the height of 50mm, the steel plate is in a square groove shape and used for fixing a test piece, and the rear end of the torsion loading end is connected with a short steel cylinder; the loading end heads are connected with the three groups of loading systems through trapezoidal prefabricated interfaces, and the short steel cylinder is provided with a trapezoidal protruding prefabricated interface; the front end of the short steel cylinder is integrally manufactured with the loading end head or is connected with the loading end head in a welding mode.
3. a rock mass tension, compression, shear and torsion integrated test device as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the pair of transverse buttress type load supporting beams and the pair of longitudinal buttress type load supporting beams are arranged in opposite directions; the buttress type load supporting beams are all arranged on the sliding plate; two hexagon bolts are respectively arranged on the side plates at the two sides of the sliding plate to adjust the horizontal position of the buttress type load supporting beam; two hexagon bolts are respectively arranged on two sides of the sliding plate in the long edge direction to limit the front and back positions of the counterfort type load supporting beam and prevent the counterfort from sliding forwards and backwards; the supporting plate is fixed on the base through a supporting bolt, and two parallel sliding grooves facing the height adjusting rod from outside to inside are formed in the supporting plate; the two sliding grooves are symmetrical about the longitudinal central line of the buttress type load supporting beam; the sliding grooves occupy the left side and the right side of 2/3 of the supporting plate, and the tail ends of the sliding grooves are arranged close to the height adjusting rods; a plurality of steel balls which can freely move along the groove are arranged in the sliding groove; 2/3, the steel balls are arranged in a close manner, wherein the steel balls occupy the length of the groove; the sliding plate can move along the sliding groove of the bearing plate through the steel ball, so that the load force transmission structures in the same direction can be automatically centered.
4. a rock mass tension, compression, shear and torsion integrated test device as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the buttresses of the transverse buttress type load supporting beam and the longitudinal buttress type load supporting beam are two rib plates; the upper ends of the rib plates are welded with the buttress type load supporting beam; the two rib plates are symmetrical about the longitudinal central line of the buttress type load supporting beam; the lower end of the ribbed plate is connected with the bearing plate through a bolt; the vertical projection of the two ribbed plates is the same with the distance between the two sliding chutes on the two sides, and the distance is 1/3 of the distance between the two sliding chutes; bolt holes are arranged in the middle of the sliding groove on the supporting plate at three equal intervals along the direction of the sliding groove;
Two vertically arranged strip-shaped holes are formed in the inner sides of the transverse buttress type load supporting beam and the longitudinal buttress type load supporting beam; the length of the strip-shaped hole is 1/3 of the height of the buttress type load supporting beam; the strip-shaped holes are symmetrical about the central line of the load supporting beam, and the oil cylinder and the counterfort type load supporting beam are fixed by the bolts through the strip-shaped holes.
5. a rock mass tension, compression, shear and torsion integrated test device as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the transverse load force transmission structure and the longitudinal load force transmission structure both comprise an oil cylinder and a steel cylinder; the steel cylinder is connected with the load sensor and the oil cylinder through a connecting gland, and the other end of the steel cylinder is provided with a trapezoidal sunken prefabricated interface and connected with the loading end; the oil cylinders are fixed at the symmetrical center positions of the buttress type load supporting beams; the oil cylinder passes through a strip-shaped hole formed in the buttress type load supporting beam through a bolt to be fixed; the oil cylinder can vertically move along the strip-shaped hole; the maximum telescopic stroke of the oil cylinder piston is 100 mm; the hydraulic jack is arranged on the sliding plate and connected with the sliding plate through a bolt; the upper part of the hydraulic jack is propped against the oil cylinder to realize the up-and-down movement of the oil cylinder.
6. a rock mass tension, compression, shear and torsion integrated test device as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the vertical loading system consists of an upper load supporting beam, four pull rods, two load sensors and a vertical load force transmission structure; the four pull rods connect the upper load supporting beam and the base together through nuts and washers, and are vertically installed in a way of being orthogonal to the central line of the load supporting structure in the horizontal direction; the lower ends of the four pull rods penetrate through the base and are fixed through the screw cap, and the lower ends of the four pull rods are directly propped against the supporting screw rods; the area of the upper load supporting beam is larger than that of the transverse and longitudinal buttress type load supporting beams; the top of the upper load supporting beam is connected with a lifting ring, so that the whole device can be lifted;
the vertical load force transmission structure consists of a height adjusting rod, a vertical torsion oil cylinder and a steel cylinder; the height adjusting rod can adjust the vertical height of the test piece; the upper end of the height adjusting rod is provided with a trapezoidal sunken prefabricated interface which is used for being connected with a loading end; the steel cylinder is connected with the load sensor and the oil cylinder through a gland, and the other end of the steel cylinder is provided with a trapezoidal sunken prefabricated interface which is connected with the loading end;
The rotor is arranged in the vertical torsion oil cylinder, is provided with two oil paths and is provided with a valve, the rotor is connected with an oil cylinder piston, and the piston is stretched and twisted under the control of oil pressure and the valve; the vertical torsion oil cylinder is fixed at the symmetrical center of the upper load supporting beam; the maximum telescopic stroke of the piston of the vertical torsion oil cylinder is 100 mm.
7. A rock mass tension, compression, shear and torsion integrated test device as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the front end of the steel cylinder is provided with a trapezoidal sunken prefabricated interface, and the rear end of the steel cylinder is connected with a gland; the gland is connected with the oil cylinder and the load sensor through bolts.
8. A rock mass tension, compression, shear and torsion integrated test device as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the load sensor is used for measuring the size of the load; the load sensor is respectively connected with the oil cylinder and the steel cylinder through pressing covers at two ends.
9. A rock mass tension, compression, shear and torsion integrated test device as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the inner surface size of the tensile loading end is 150mm multiplied by 150mm or 100mm multiplied by 100m, the thickness is 15mm, and the tensile claw is bonded with a test piece through a reinforcing plate; the reinforcing plate is a steel sheet with the thickness of 2 mm; the inner surface of the pressure loading end head is 100mm multiplied by 50mm, 100mm multiplied by 100mm or 150mm multiplied by 75mm, 150mm multiplied by 150mm, and the thickness is 15 mm; the torsion loading end is a square groove-shaped steel plate with the periphery connected with the width of 15mm and the height of 50mm and is used for placing a test piece in the torsion loading end; the internal dimension of the square groove is 100mm multiplied by 100mm or 150mm multiplied by 150 mm.
10. A rock mass tension, compression, shear and torsion integrated test device as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the trapezoidal prefabricated interface comprises a trapezoidal convex prefabricated interface and a trapezoidal concave prefabricated interface which are matched, the trapezoidal convex prefabricated interface is a convex trapezoid with the inner width being wide and the outer width being narrow, and a small square steel block radially protrudes from the wider side end; the trapezoidal sunken prefabricated interface is sunken trapezoidal wide inside and narrow outside, and wider one side tip radially opens little square groove on trapezoidal limit, prevents loading end landing.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910811519.0A CN110542610A (en) | 2019-08-30 | 2019-08-30 | rock mass stretching, compressing, shearing and twisting integrated test device |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910811519.0A CN110542610A (en) | 2019-08-30 | 2019-08-30 | rock mass stretching, compressing, shearing and twisting integrated test device |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN110542610A true CN110542610A (en) | 2019-12-06 |
Family
ID=68711017
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910811519.0A Pending CN110542610A (en) | 2019-08-30 | 2019-08-30 | rock mass stretching, compressing, shearing and twisting integrated test device |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN110542610A (en) |
Cited By (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111238938A (en) * | 2020-03-09 | 2020-06-05 | 华侨大学 | Lateral limiting loading device and using method thereof |
| CN111678773A (en) * | 2020-05-06 | 2020-09-18 | 清华大学苏州汽车研究院（相城） | A test device that is arranged in universal tester strain rate to draw pressure loading |
| CN112213209A (en) * | 2020-10-12 | 2021-01-12 | 南通理工学院 | Torsion resistance test device for reinforced concrete member |
| CN112903465A (en) * | 2021-02-04 | 2021-06-04 | 太原理工大学 | Device and method for testing double bearing capacity of single-row group columns in inclined goaf |
| CN113295534A (en) * | 2021-04-29 | 2021-08-24 | 中国电建集团华东勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Large-scale lateral limit compression test and shear test all-in-one machine based on dry-wet cycle condition |
| CN113514331A (en) * | 2021-06-08 | 2021-10-19 | 浙江大学 | Large-load double-shaft compression loading device |
| CN114216780A (en) * | 2021-12-08 | 2022-03-22 | 上海交通大学 | Two-dimensional pulling-shearing coupling loading device |
| CN114323982A (en) * | 2022-02-21 | 2022-04-12 | 中国电建集团西北勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Load test device and method for providing lateral limit for large main stress |
| CN114324009A (en) * | 2022-01-18 | 2022-04-12 | 东北石油大学 | Testing device for composite fracture toughness of anisotropic rock under tensile-shear stress condition |
| CN114544490A (en) * | 2022-02-18 | 2022-05-27 | 福耀玻璃工业集团股份有限公司 | Simulation atress frock and ageing behavior detection device |
| CN115326574A (en) * | 2022-07-26 | 2022-11-11 | 中国人民解放军空军工程大学 | Direct tensile experimental apparatus of rock under triaxial loading |
| CN115711809A (en) * | 2022-11-15 | 2023-02-24 | 山东科技大学 | System and method for testing anchoring performance of full-size rock mass anchor rod under composite load |
Citations (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1670503A (en) * | 2005-04-11 | 2005-09-21 | 南京航空航天大学 | Tensile-shear compressive-shear complex loading tester |
| CN201903482U (en) * | 2010-11-24 | 2011-07-20 | 大连民族学院 | Loading testing device for concrete sample with two shafts pulled and one shaft pressed |
| CN103543069A (en) * | 2013-10-29 | 2014-01-29 | 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所 | Indoor stretching-shearing testing device for anchor rod |
| CN106248487A (en) * | 2016-09-28 | 2016-12-21 | 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所 | A kind of rock true triaxial test equipment |
| CN106323751A (en) * | 2016-08-11 | 2017-01-11 | 绍兴文理学院 | Multiaxial pulling-pressing loading system for testing mechanical properties of defective materials with cracks |
| CN106338440A (en) * | 2015-07-09 | 2017-01-18 | 核工业北京地质研究院 | True and false triaxial rock mechanical property testing device and method thereof |
| CN206470160U (en) * | 2016-09-28 | 2017-09-05 | 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所 | A kind of rock tension and compression ring cuts seepage flow coupling rheological test instrument |
| CN108036999A (en) * | 2017-12-13 | 2018-05-15 | 山东大学 | A kind of novel and multifunctional testing machine loaded for rock mass direct shearing, tension and compression |
| CN211453166U (en) * | 2019-08-30 | 2020-09-08 | 武汉理工大学 | Rock mass stretching, compressing, shearing and twisting integrated test device |
-
2019
- 2019-08-30 CN CN201910811519.0A patent/CN110542610A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1670503A (en) * | 2005-04-11 | 2005-09-21 | 南京航空航天大学 | Tensile-shear compressive-shear complex loading tester |
| CN201903482U (en) * | 2010-11-24 | 2011-07-20 | 大连民族学院 | Loading testing device for concrete sample with two shafts pulled and one shaft pressed |
| CN103543069A (en) * | 2013-10-29 | 2014-01-29 | 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所 | Indoor stretching-shearing testing device for anchor rod |
| CN106338440A (en) * | 2015-07-09 | 2017-01-18 | 核工业北京地质研究院 | True and false triaxial rock mechanical property testing device and method thereof |
| CN106323751A (en) * | 2016-08-11 | 2017-01-11 | 绍兴文理学院 | Multiaxial pulling-pressing loading system for testing mechanical properties of defective materials with cracks |
| CN106248487A (en) * | 2016-09-28 | 2016-12-21 | 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所 | A kind of rock true triaxial test equipment |
| CN206470160U (en) * | 2016-09-28 | 2017-09-05 | 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所 | A kind of rock tension and compression ring cuts seepage flow coupling rheological test instrument |
| CN108036999A (en) * | 2017-12-13 | 2018-05-15 | 山东大学 | A kind of novel and multifunctional testing machine loaded for rock mass direct shearing, tension and compression |
| CN211453166U (en) * | 2019-08-30 | 2020-09-08 | 武汉理工大学 | Rock mass stretching, compressing, shearing and twisting integrated test device |
Cited By (17)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111238938A (en) * | 2020-03-09 | 2020-06-05 | 华侨大学 | Lateral limiting loading device and using method thereof |
| CN111678773A (en) * | 2020-05-06 | 2020-09-18 | 清华大学苏州汽车研究院（相城） | A test device that is arranged in universal tester strain rate to draw pressure loading |
| CN112213209A (en) * | 2020-10-12 | 2021-01-12 | 南通理工学院 | Torsion resistance test device for reinforced concrete member |
| CN112903465A (en) * | 2021-02-04 | 2021-06-04 | 太原理工大学 | Device and method for testing double bearing capacity of single-row group columns in inclined goaf |
| CN113295534B (en) * | 2021-04-29 | 2022-09-13 | 中国电建集团华东勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Large-scale lateral limit compression test and shear test all-in-one machine based on dry-wet cycle condition |
| CN113295534A (en) * | 2021-04-29 | 2021-08-24 | 中国电建集团华东勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Large-scale lateral limit compression test and shear test all-in-one machine based on dry-wet cycle condition |
| CN113514331A (en) * | 2021-06-08 | 2021-10-19 | 浙江大学 | Large-load double-shaft compression loading device |
| CN114216780A (en) * | 2021-12-08 | 2022-03-22 | 上海交通大学 | Two-dimensional pulling-shearing coupling loading device |
| CN114216780B (en) * | 2021-12-08 | 2024-01-30 | 上海交通大学 | Two-dimensional pull-shear coupling loading device |
| CN114324009A (en) * | 2022-01-18 | 2022-04-12 | 东北石油大学 | Testing device for composite fracture toughness of anisotropic rock under tensile-shear stress condition |
| CN114324009B (en) * | 2022-01-18 | 2022-06-17 | 东北石油大学 | Testing device for composite fracture toughness of anisotropic rock under tensile-shear stress condition |
| CN114544490A (en) * | 2022-02-18 | 2022-05-27 | 福耀玻璃工业集团股份有限公司 | Simulation atress frock and ageing behavior detection device |
| CN114323982A (en) * | 2022-02-21 | 2022-04-12 | 中国电建集团西北勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Load test device and method for providing lateral limit for large main stress |
| CN115326574A (en) * | 2022-07-26 | 2022-11-11 | 中国人民解放军空军工程大学 | Direct tensile experimental apparatus of rock under triaxial loading |
| CN115326574B (en) * | 2022-07-26 | 2023-03-10 | 中国人民解放军空军工程大学 | Direct tensile experimental apparatus of rock under triaxial loading |
| CN115711809A (en) * | 2022-11-15 | 2023-02-24 | 山东科技大学 | System and method for testing anchoring performance of full-size rock mass anchor rod under composite load |
| CN115711809B (en) * | 2022-11-15 | 2023-08-18 | 山东科技大学 | System and method for testing anchoring performance of full-size rock mass anchor rod under composite load |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN110542610A (en) | rock mass stretching, compressing, shearing and twisting integrated test device | |
| CN211453166U (en) | Rock mass stretching, compressing, shearing and twisting integrated test device | |
| CN110595909B (en) | True triaxial test system and method for simulating deep rock mass under different temperature influences | |
| CN102621010B (en) | Multifunctional testing machine for deep surrounding rock anchoring performance | |
| RU134646U1 (en) | STAND FOR STATIC TESTS OF REINFORCED REINFORCED CONCRETE ELEMENTS | |
| CN106996900B (en) | Axial tension and compression test device under constraint action and test method thereof | |
| Chenaghlou et al. | Axial force–bending moment interaction in a jointing system part I:(Experimental study) | |
| CN104089819A (en) | Test bed for testing axial load and axial deformation of anchor rod and test method for test bed | |
| CN113281190A (en) | Hydraulic engineering asphalt concrete direct tensile test device and application method thereof | |
| CN107643218B (en) | Wellhead connector large-load tension-compression bending test experimental device and method | |
| CN205642868U (en) | Two -way load combined action capability test device of herringbone post node | |
| CN101603900B (en) | Self-balancing test device and method for directly testing axial tensile strength of early-age concrete | |
| CN102410960A (en) | Method for multifunctional pipe inspection and material testing, and apparatus thereof | |
| CN112525671A (en) | Rock direct tensile test device under true triaxial confining pressure condition | |
| Rao et al. | Failure investigation of GFRP communication towers | |
| CN204008301U (en) | A kind of testing table of testing anchor pole axial load and axial deformation | |
| KR101856377B1 (en) | Multi measurement and test device for pile | |
| CN106289977B (en) | Bolt concrete tensile test device and test method | |
| CN104677581B (en) | Charger and the bean column node shock test system based on the charger | |
| CN108931436B (en) | Eccentric loading and shear creep combined action test device for soft rock | |
| CN212903682U (en) | Laboratory detects frictional resistance's of prestressed anchorage mouth and horn mouth device | |
| CN206095771U (en) | Many axial tension that contain crack defect component press loading device | |
| CN114235573A (en) | Dynamic and static drawing test device and method for anchor rod or anchor cable | |
| CN110793851B (en) | Mining steel belt bearing capacity testing device and testing method | |
| CN202383022U (en) | Multifunctional pipe checking and material testing device |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination |