CN113295534B - Large-scale lateral limit compression test and shear test all-in-one machine based on dry-wet cycle condition - Google Patents
Large-scale lateral limit compression test and shear test all-in-one machine based on dry-wet cycle condition Download PDFInfo
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- CN113295534B CN113295534B CN202110471872.6A CN202110471872A CN113295534B CN 113295534 B CN113295534 B CN 113295534B CN 202110471872 A CN202110471872 A CN 202110471872A CN 113295534 B CN113295534 B CN 113295534B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
- G01N3/10—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces generated by pneumatic or hydraulic pressure
- G01N3/12—Pressure testing
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/24—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady shearing forces
Abstract
The invention relates to a large-scale lateral limit compression test and shear test integrated machine and a soil foundation settlement calculation method. Through setting up a series of test parts and measures such as main test cabin, increased pressure board, water inlet equipment, drainage equipment, circulation of hot gas equipment, hygrometer, motor, shear plate, automatic control, real-time supervision, realized the wet cycle process of doing of soil sample and compression test, shearing mechanics experiment. And finally, according to the test result, a soil foundation settlement calculation scheme considering the dry-wet circulation effect is provided. The invention has the advantages that the compression characteristic and the shearing characteristic test of the soil sample can be realized under the dry-wet circulation condition, and the calculation problem of the soil base settlement under the condition is solved. The invention is equipped with computer intelligent monitoring and servo control system, which improves the automation degree of the test.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of novel geotechnical tests, in particular to a large-scale lateral limit compression test and shear test integrated machine based on dry-wet cycle conditions, which can realize the contents of dry-wet cycle, settlement monitoring, strength test and the like of a sample and provide a basis for soil-based settlement calculation.
Background
The construction of the hydroelectric dam creates a special hydrogeological environment in the reservoir bank area. Geotechnical engineering such as reservoir high fill, earth and rockfill dam, landslide and the like is influenced by periodic reservoir water level rise and fall caused by water storage and drainage after the dam is normally operated. In the process, the rock-soil body undergoes a series of dry-wet cycle processes from a dry state to a wet state to a dry state, the settlement deformation of the rock-soil body is influenced most directly, and the shear mechanical strength of the rock-soil body is also deteriorated, so that the safety of engineering is damaged.
In the process of dry-wet circulation, the rock-soil mass can generate wetting deformation after being wetted, and soil particles can also generate cracking and breaking in the process of secondary drying, so that further deformation is caused. In addition, the soil particle grading is developed towards fine granulation in the processes of crushing and inter-particle sliding of soil particles in the dry and wet processes, and meanwhile, the inter-particle cementation degree and the occlusion degree are damaged, so that the strength of rock and soil mass is changed. In a comprehensive view, the compression settlement characteristic and the shear strength degradation rule of the rock-soil mass in the dry-wet cycle process have practical engineering backgrounds. Appropriate instruments are developed to carry out corresponding research, and the method has important significance for dry-wet cycle settlement calculation of the earthwork and safety stability evaluation of the earthwork slope engineering.
At present, a conventional lateral-limiting compression instrument is mainly used for carrying out a compression test on a rock and soil mass, researchers of scientific research institutes in colleges and universities also carry out humidification, sedimentation and deformation research on the rock and soil mass on the basis of the conventional compression instrument, and still few appropriate supporting instruments and equipment and methods can carry out research on the compression test on the rock and soil mass under a dry-wet circulation condition. Meanwhile, the shear strength research in the dry-wet cycle process of the rock-soil mass is also very important. Therefore, if an instrument suitable for the research on the compression characteristic and the shear strength characteristic in the dry-wet cycle process of the rock-soil body can be invented at the same time, an important means can be provided for the research in the field.
Based on the content, the invention aims to develop the rock-soil body lateral confinement compression test and shear test integrated machine based on the dry-wet cycle condition, and solves the research bottleneck of the compression characteristic and the shear strength characteristic of the rock-soil body in the dry-wet cycle process. Meanwhile, the method is matched with a dry-wet cycle test, and a patent provides a calculation idea of the settlement deformation of the earth under the dry-wet cycle condition.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the fact that the existing geotechnical instruments cannot simultaneously carry out test research on compression characteristics and shear mechanical characteristics in the dry-wet circulation process of a sample, and the fact that the influence of the dry-wet circulation on the compression characteristics of rock and soil mass is rarely considered in soil foundation settlement calculation at present, the invention aims to provide a side limit compression test and shear test integrated machine and soil foundation settlement calculation based on dry-wet circulation conditions by combining the existing high and new technologies so as to make up for the defects in the current earthwork research. The device can not only test the compression characteristic parameters in the dry-wet cycle process of the rock-soil mass, but also simultaneously develop the shear mechanics experiment of the rock-soil mass in the dry-wet cycle process and research the specific influence of the dry-wet cycle effect on the shear strength of the rock-soil mass. Based on the research of the compression characteristics of the dry-wet cycle, the invention provides a soil foundation settlement calculation method considering the dry-wet cycle effect. In addition, the equipment is matched with a computer servo control system, and can automatically control the steps of axial loading, rotary shearing, water feeding and discharging, air inflation and drying and the like. The equipment has the innovativeness of strong grindability, great engineering significance and the like.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
large-scale lateral limit compression test and shear test all-in-one based on dry and wet circulation condition, the all-in-one includes:
the top of the water container is provided with an opening for the water filling device to fill water inwards, and the bottom of the water container is provided with a drain pipe which can be opened and closed;
the side limiting wall is arranged inside the water container and is spaced from the bottom surface of the water container by a proper distance; an upper permeable stone and a lower permeable stone which can be used for water flow to pass through are respectively arranged at the top of the side limiting wall and in the distance space, so that the upper permeable stone, the side limiting wall and the lower permeable stone surround to form a surrounding limiting space for filling a test soil sample;
the air charging and discharging system comprises an air supply device, an air inlet pipe and an air outlet pipe, wherein the bottom end of the air inlet pipe penetrates through the upper permeable stone and extends to the upper part of the top surface of the soil sample, the top end of the air outlet pipe penetrates through the lower permeable stone and extends to the lower part of the bottom surface of the soil sample, and hot air is continuously input to the top end of the air inlet pipe through the air supply device, so that air flow penetrates through the soil sample from top to bottom and is discharged from the air outlet pipe below the soil sample;
the hydraulic lifting system presses the pressurizing arm through downward movement of the lifting platform, and can drive the pressurizing plate and the upper permeable stone to move downward to vertically pressurize the soil sample;
the power shearing system comprises a motor, a rotating shaft and a shearing plate, wherein the bottom end of the rotating shaft penetrates through the upper permeable stone and extends into a proper position in the soil sample, and the shearing plate is fixedly connected with the end of the rotating shaft;
and a monitoring control system.
Preferably, the hydraulic lifting system comprises a frequency converter, a hydraulic lifter arranged on a frame upright column, a lifting platform controlled by the hydraulic lifter to move up and down, a pressure plate covered on the top surface of the upper permeable stone and a pressure arm vertically and fixedly arranged on the top surface of the pressure plate, and the lifting platform is driven by the frequency converter to move down to apply pressure to the pressure arm, so that the pressure plate and the upper permeable stone are passively pressed to realize vertical load on a lower soil sample.
Preferably, the motor is arranged on the bottom surface of the lifting platform in a bilateral symmetry manner by taking the rotating shaft as a symmetry axis, can move left and right along a motor slide rail fixedly arranged on the bottom surface of the lifting platform, and can be meshed with the rotating shaft gear through a motor gear to perform a shear test.
Preferably, the pressurizing plate is matched with the boundary of the upper permeable stone, the air inlet pipe penetrates through the pressurizing plate and the upper permeable stone, and the bottom end of the air inlet pipe is connected with the upper air collecting plate bin to form a whole; the top end of the air outlet pipe is connected with the lower air collecting plate bin, and the bottom end of the air outlet pipe penetrates out of the bottoms of the lower permeable stone and the water container.
Preferably, the rotating shaft is sleeved with a sleeve, and the middle parts of the pressurizing plate and the upper permeable stone are provided with round holes for the rotating shaft and the sleeve to pass through.
Preferably, still include top layer filter screen and the bottom filter screen of interface difference contact about with the soil sample, with top layer filter screen upper surface contact's last gas collecting plate storehouse and with bottom filter screen lower surface contact's lower gas collecting plate storehouse, last gas collecting plate storehouse and lower gas collecting plate storehouse are respectively with intake pipe and outlet duct switch-on.
Preferably, the top layer filter screen, the bottom layer filter screen, the upper air collecting plate bin and the lower air collecting plate are all embedded into the inner side wall of the side limiting wall.
Preferably, the surfaces of the upper gas collecting plate bin and the lower gas collecting plate bin are provided with holes for allowing gas and water to pass through, and are respectively contacted with the upper permeable stone and the lower permeable stone.
Preferably, the gas supply device adopts a hot gas pump controlled by a monitoring control system, and the hot gas pump continuously inputs hot gas to the top end of the gas inlet pipe through a hot gas pipe.
Preferably, the side limiting wall is barrel-shaped and stands on the bottom surface of the water container through a supporting leg.
Preferably, the monitoring and control system comprises a computer, a signal transmission cable, a frequency converter, a hygrometer, a pressure sensor, a displacement sensor, a pressure gauge, a strain gauge and a distilled water valve.
The hygrometer is arranged inside the soil sample, and when the soil sample is saturated or dewatered and dried, the monitoring value reflects the degree of soil sample soaking or drying, so that the dry and wet indexes of the test are more accurate.
The pressure sensor is arranged at the upper end of the pressurizing arm and used for monitoring the vertical pressure applied when the lifting platform moves downwards and feeding back the vertical pressure to the computer through the transmission cable, and the computer judges the vertical pressure according to a preset target pressure value P and controls the lifting of the lifting platform in real time to ensure that the total pressure value applied is a target value. And a pressure sensor is arranged above each pressurizing arm, so that the sum of pressure values P measured by the pressure sensors is the pressure value P actually applied to the soil sample.
The displacement sensor is arranged on the bottom surface of the lifting platform, can monitor the vertical compression amount of the soil sample in the compression test process, feeds the monitoring result back to the computer through a signal, and converts the pore ratio in the soil sample compression process by the computer system.
The pressure gauge is arranged on the surface of the rotating shaft gear, and when the motor gear is meshed with the rotating shaft gear to rotate, the pressure gauge can measure the pressure transmitted to the rotating shaft gear by the motor gear and feed the pressure back to the computer for storage.
The strain gauges are arranged on edges of the shear plate, and can monitor forward strain on effective shear surfaces formed by rotation of the shear plate in real time and feed the forward strain back to the computer, and the computer converts corresponding normal stress values. Obtaining this value helps to solve for the soil sample friction parameter.
The computer is the core of the monitoring control system, is connected with a signal transmission cable, can receive real-time data fed back by all the sensing detection equipment, sends real-time instructions to components such as a hydraulic lifting table, a motor and the like according to preset target parameters, and servo-regulates parameters such as the lifting height of the hydraulic lifting system, the rotating speed of the motor and the like, thereby realizing test servo control.
Preferably, the frame is integrally fixed on the ground and consists of a base and a stand column; the water container is arranged on the frame base through the support, and the hydraulic lifter is arranged at the upper end part of the upright post.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
1. the invention considers the influence of dry-wet circulation conditions on the compression characteristics of rock and soil mass, and realizes the dry-wet circulation process and the whole-process automatic monitoring of the soil sample.
2. The invention not only is matched with a water inlet and outlet system to realize dry-wet circulation, but also is matched with an air charging and discharging system to accelerate the test soil sample drying process.
3. The gas collecting plate bin in the gas charging and discharging system can collect and disperse gas in a centralized manner, and realizes uniform penetration of hot gas flow into a soil sample.
4. The invention simultaneously considers the influence of the dry-wet cycle process on the strength characteristic of the soil sample, is matched with the shearing equipment, can be operated integrally with the compression instrument, and perfects the dry-wet cycle test system of the soil sample.
5. The invention provides a dry-wet cycle compression test method, and provides a soil foundation settlement calculation scheme considering the dry-wet cycle process by combining the test result.
6. The invention provides a dry-wet cycle shear test method and provides a determination process of soil sample strength parameters in the dry-wet cycle process.
7. The invention adopts a mode that the sleeve wraps the rotating shaft, thereby avoiding shearing frictional resistance error caused by the contact of the rotating shaft and the soil sample.
8. The invention adopts a computer servo system, can receive monitoring data fed back by the sensing monitoring equipment and automatically carry out servo control on instrument functional parts.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a structural diagram of a large-scale lateral limit compression test and shear test integrated machine based on dry and wet cycle conditions, provided by the invention;
FIG. 2 is a three-dimensional view of a large side-limiting compression test and shear test integrated machine based on dry and wet cycle conditions provided by the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a sectional view taken along line A-A of FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a sectional view taken along line B-B of FIG. 1;
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view taken along line C-C of FIG. 1;
FIG. 6 is a three-dimensional view of the shear plate of FIG. 1;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the effective shear area resulting from shear;
FIG. 8 is a graph of the compression of a sample during a wet and dry cycle;
FIG. 9 is a shear strength curve of a sample after a dry-wet cycle;
fig. 10 is a peak intensity fit of the samples after dry and wet cycling.
Wherein, 1-frame column, 2-hydraulic lifter, 3-frequency converter, 4-lifting platform, 5-pressurizing arm, 6-hot air pipe, 7-pipe joint, 8-distilled water, 9-pressurizing plate, 10-permeable stone, 11-upper air collecting plate chamber hole, 12-rotating shaft, 13-soil sample, 14-hygrometer, 15-bottom filter screen, 16-support leg, 17-drain pipe, 18-pressure sensor, 19-slide rail, 20-rotating shaft gear, 21-pressure gauge, 22-motor, 22 a-motor slide rail, 23-motor gear, 24-displacement sensor, 25-air inlet pipe, 26-distilled water valve, 27-hot air pump, 28-computer, 29-upper air collecting plate chamber, 30-top filter screen, 31-sleeve, 32-side limiting wall, 33-water container, 34-shear plate, 35-lower air collecting plate bin, 36-frame base, 37-lower air collecting plate bin hole, 38-lower permeable stone, 39-air outlet pipe, 40-support, 41-water inlet, 42-water outlet, 43-shear plate side surface strain gauge, 44-shear plate top surface strain gauge, 45-shear plate bottom surface strain gauge, 46-shear top surface, 47-shear side surface and 48-shear bottom surface.
Detailed Description
In order that those skilled in the art will better understand the technical solutions of the present invention, the following description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention is provided in conjunction with specific examples, but it should be understood that the drawings are for illustrative purposes only and should not be construed as limiting the patent; for the purpose of better illustrating the embodiments, certain features of the drawings may be omitted, enlarged or reduced, and do not represent the size of an actual product; it will be understood by those skilled in the art that certain well-known structures in the drawings and descriptions thereof may be omitted. The positional relationships depicted in the drawings are for illustrative purposes only and should not be construed as limiting the present patent.
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples and drawings 1-10, but the invention is not limited thereto.
The invention provides a large-scale lateral confinement compression test and shear test integrated machine based on dry-wet cycle conditions, which is structurally shown in the attached drawing 1 and mainly comprises seven functional parts, namely a main test cabin, a hydraulic lifting system, a water inlet and drainage system, an air charging and drainage system, a power shear system, a monitoring control system and a framework.
On the upper part, a hydraulic lifter 2 is arranged on a frame upright post 1, and a lifting platform 4 is arranged on the hydraulic lifter 2 and can lift along the lifter 2 according to the adjustment of a frequency converter 3. The bottom surface of the lifting platform 4 is abutted against the pressure sensor 18, the pressurizing arm 5 at the lower end can be pressed by downwards moving, and the force arm 5 downwards moves to drive the pressurizing plate 9 fixedly connected with the force arm and the upper permeable stone 10 to directly pressurize the soil sample 13. At the same time, the pressure sensor 18 may measure the pressure value and feed it back to the computer 28.
The motor 22 is arranged in bilateral symmetry in the center of the bottom surface of the lifting table 4, and when a shear test starts, the motor 22 moves inwards along the slide rail 22a, so that the motor gear 23 is meshed with the rotating shaft gear 20 to drive the rotating shaft 12 to rotate. When the experiment is finished, the motor 22 moves outwards along the slide rail 22a, so that the gears are separated, and then the lifting platform 4 is lifted to make room for disassembling the sample. Pressure gauges 21 are distributed on the surface of the rotating shaft gear 20, and can measure pressure values transmitted by the motor gear 23 in the shearing test process. And a displacement sensor 24 is simultaneously arranged on the bottom surface of the lifting platform 4 for monitoring the compression amount of the soil sample 13 in the compression test process.
The visible distilled water valve 26 at the upper middle part is arranged above the water container 33, water can be filled into the water container 33, water permeates from the permeable stones (10 and 38), and the soil sample 13 is infiltrated through the holes (11 and 37) of the gas collecting plate bin. When the soil sample 13 is dewatered and dried, the hot air pump 27 can input hot air flow into the air inlet pipe 25 through the hot air pipe 6, then the hot air flow is collected into the upper air collecting plate bin 29, and the hot air uniformly permeates into the soil sample 13 through the hole 11 at the lower end of the air collecting plate bin 29. The air inlet pipe 25 passes through the pressurizing plate 9 and the upper permeable stone 10, and the lower end of the air inlet pipe is connected with the upper air collecting plate bin 29 to form a whole. The top layer of filter screen 30 is laid at the bottom of the upper air collecting board chamber 29 to allow water flow and air flow to pass through, but prevent soil particles from overflowing. The sleeve 31 passes through the center of the pressurizing plate 9 and the upper permeable stone 10 to form a whole, and is inserted into a part of the soil sample 13, the sleeve 31 can protect the rotating shaft 12 in the sleeve 31, so as to eliminate the friction error caused by the contact between the rotating shaft 12 and the soil sample 13.
In the middle part, soil sample 13 fills in main test cabin, and the test cabin is enclosed by limit wall 32, and top filter screen 30, last air collecting plate storehouse 29, bottom filter screen 15, lower air collecting plate storehouse 35 all can inlay in limit wall 32 inboardly. Wherein, a hygrometer 14 is embedded in the soil sample 13 for measuring the dryness and wetness of the soil sample 13. The middle part of the soil sample 13 and the bottom end of the rotating shaft 12 are provided with a shear plate 34 which can rotate along with the rotating shaft 12 to carry out a rotary shear test on the soil sample 13.
And the lower permeable stone 38 is arranged at the bottom of the water container 33, and the lower air collecting plate bin 35 is arranged above the lower permeable stone and is used for collecting hot air flow and wet air flow brought out from the soil sample 13 in the drying process, and guiding and discharging the air flow through an air outlet pipe 39 connected with the lower air collecting plate bin 35. The bottom layer of filter screen 15 is set on the top of the lower air collecting board bin 35 to block the overflow of soil particles and allow the water flow and air flow to pass through.
And the lower part is provided with an air outlet pipe 39 penetrating through the bottom of the lower permeable stone 38 and the water container 33, the water container 33 is erected on the frame base 36 through a support 40, the water drainage pipes 17 are arranged on two sides of the bottom of the water container 33, when the water storage humidification is carried out, the computer 28 controls the water drainage pipes 17 to be closed to realize water storage, and when the drainage drying is carried out, the computer 28 controls the water drainage pipes 17 to be opened to discharge water.
FIG. 2 is a three-dimensional view of the apparatus of the present invention, showing that distilled water valve 26 is opened to allow water 41 to be introduced into water container 33, and drain 17 is opened to allow water 42 to be discharged from water container 33, thus controlling the dry-wet cycle conditions. At the upper part, it can be seen that the shaft 12 penetrates from the center of the pressure plate 9, and its periphery is protected by a sleeve 31. A plurality of pressurizing arms 5 are fixedly connected on the surface of the pressurizing plate 9, and an air inlet pipe 25 penetrates through the pressurizing plate 9. The upper permeable stone 10 is arranged below the pressure plate 9 and is matched with the inner wall of the side limiting wall 32 in size, and when the upper permeable stone 10 is pressed downwards, the upper permeable stone can sink into the pressure plate without resistance. The lower visible permeable stone 38 is placed in the middle of the bottom of the water container 33, the side limiting wall 32 is erected in the water container 33 through a support leg, and the air outlet pipe 39 is arranged at the bottom of the water container 33.
Fig. 3 is a view along the line a-a of fig. 1, which shows the spatial relationship between the hole 11 of the upper air-collecting plate chamber 29 and the rotating shaft 12 and the sleeve 31. It can be seen that the floor of the collector plate chamber 29 is provided with a series of circular holes 11 to allow water and air flow therethrough. The shaft 12 passes through the middle portion, and the outer periphery thereof is protected by a sleeve 31.
Fig. 4 is a view from B-B of fig. 1, showing the spatial positions of the holes 37 of the lower collector plate bin 35 and the outlet duct 39. It can be seen that the lower collector plate compartment 35 is provided with a plurality of circular holes 37 in its bottom surface to allow water to permeate or permeate therethrough. The air outlet pipe 39 is communicated with the lower air collecting plate bin 35 and is used for discharging internal hot air and moisture in the drying process of the soil sample 13.
Fig. 5 is a view from C-C of fig. 1, which shows the engagement between the motor gear 23 and the shaft gear 20 in bilateral symmetry. It can be seen that after the motor 22 is started, the motor gear 23 can drive the rotating shaft gear 20 to rotate the rotating shaft 12. The pressure gauge 21 is arranged on the surface of the rotating shaft gear 20, and can measure the pressure value transmitted by the motor gear 23 during rotation, the left side pressure value is marked as f1, the right side pressure value is marked as f2, and the distance from the action point of the pressure value to the center of the rotating shaft 12 is marked as R.
Fig. 6 is a three-dimensional view of shear plate 34, illustrating the spatial location and characteristics of shear plate 34. It can be seen that the rotating shaft 12 is protected by the sleeve 31 and penetrates into the soil sample 13 in the main test chamber, the bottom end of the rotating shaft 12 is fixedly connected with a plurality of vertically crossed shearing plates 34, and the rotating shaft 12 can drive the shearing plates 34 to rotate, so that the soil sample 13 is sheared. The edges of the shearing plate are respectively distributed with strain gauges which are divided into three types, namely a side surface strain gauge 43, a top surface strain gauge 44 and a bottom surface strain gauge 45, and the main forward strains of the shearing side surface, the shearing top surface and the shearing bottom surface can be respectively monitored in the shearing process and fed back to the computer 28 to convert forward pressure values of the shearing surfaces.
Fig. 7 is a schematic view of the effective shear plane formed by shearing, which is seen to be a rounded top surface 46, barrel-shaped side surface 47 and rounded bottom surface 48. Wherein the circular top surface 46 is the remaining part of the whole circular button except the section of the rotating shaft 12, the radius of the circular top bottom surface is R2, the radius of the rotating shaft section is R1, and the height of the shear plate is H, then the area of each effective shear surface can be respectively obtained.
The basic steps of the dry-wet cycle lateral limit compression test and the shear test by adopting the invention are as follows:
acquisition of compression curve in wet-dry cycle process
Firstly, the lifting platform is lifted to vacate the space below for carrying out the test, the natural soil sample is filled in a main test cabin, and after the natural soil sample is filled, the main test cabin is covered with permeable stones and a pressurizing plate.
Secondly, a vertical pressure value P is selected, the hydraulic lifter is started to enable the lifting platform to descend, and the pressurizing plate is forced to move downwards to apply vertical pressure to the soil sample by pressing the pressurizing arm. Meanwhile, the pressure sensor monitors the pressure value in real time, feeds the pressure value back to the computer, and checks whether the actual pressure value is equal to the P value in real time, so that the servo control of the computer system on loading is realized, and the pressure value is ensured to be P.
Thirdly, under the pressure of P value, the vertical compression amount is monitored by a displacement sensor until the compression amount is not changed any more, and the numerical value is fed back to a computer to calculate the void ratio e 0 。
Fourthly, opening a distilled water valve, filling water into the water container until water in the water container overflows the permeable stone, monitoring the saturation degree by a hygrometer, saturating the soil sample, continuously reading the humidifying compression amount of the soil sample under the P pressure value in the soaking process until the numerical value is not increased any more, and feeding the numerical value back to the computer to convert the corresponding pore ratio e 1s . Then, opening a drain pipe, draining water in the water container, starting a hot air pump to input hot air into the soil sample to promote drying of the soil sample, monitoring the water content to a natural value by a hygrometer, reading the compression amount of the soil sample until the compression amount is unchanged, and converting the compression amount into a void ratio e by a feedback computer 1g . To this end, the natural condition of the compression porosity e under P-value pressure 0 Compressed porosity e after one humidification 1s Compression void ratio e after primary drying 1g Are all acquired.
Fifthly, on the basis of the same soil sample, repeating the process of the fourth step, and respectively obtaining the compression porosity ratio e of the second humidification, the second drying, the third humidification and the third drying under the pressure of the P value till the n humidification and the n drying 2s 、e 2g 、e 3s 、e 3g 、…、e ns 、e ng 。
Sixthly, selecting different P values, filling the soil sample again, and repeating the steps from the first step to the fifth step to obtain the compression curve of the sample in the dry-wet cycle process as shown in the figure 8.
Second, dry and wet cycle process shear test
Before the description of the procedure, mechanical analysis of the shear test was carried out. As previously described, the shear plate rotates to form three shear planes, a circular top surface 46, a barrel-shaped side surface 47 and a circular bottom surface 48, and the forward pressures measured by the strain gauges on the three shear planes are set to be σ, respectively t 、σ c 、σ l And the shear stress on the three surfaces is respectively expressed by the formulas 1 to 3. Wherein
Is to massageRubbing angle, and c is cohesive force.
The calculated rotational moments about the center of the axis of rotation of the shear friction forces on the three surfaces are T t 、T c 、T l ：
T c ＝2π·τ c ·H·R 2 2 (5)
The sum of the three rotational moments is obtained by pushing the rotational shaft by the motor gear, so that the rotational moment provided by the motor gear is formula 7:
T＝(f 1 +f 2 )·R (7)
thus, equation 8 can be obtained:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
is an independent variable;
The following shear test procedure was used:
firstly, the lifting platform is lifted to vacate the space below for carrying out the test, the natural soil sample is filled in a main test cabin, and after the natural soil sample is filled, the main test cabin is covered with permeable stones and a pressurizing plate.
Selecting a vertical pressure value P 1 And starting the hydraulic elevator to enable the lifting platform to descend, and moving the pressurizing plate downwards to apply vertical pressure to the soil sample. Meanwhile, a pressure sensor is adopted for real-time monitoring and feedback, and a computer servo control method is adopted to ensure that the pressure value is P 1 。
③ at P 1 Compressing the soil sample under a certain pressure until the compression amount is e 0 When the change is not changed, the power rotating system is started, the shear plate shears the soil sample, and P shown in figure 9 can be obtained 1 Shear curve T of torque versus angle of rotation under pressure and natural conditions (0 wet and dry cycles) P1-0 。
Fourthly, the lifting platform is lifted, the space is vacated, and the soil sample in the third step is unloaded. And then reloading a new soil sample, repeating the step two, compressing under natural conditions until the compression is stable, filling the water container with the saturated soil sample, measuring the humidifying compression amount, draining the water in the water container, introducing hot air into the soil sample, and measuring the dried soil sample compression amount until the compression is stable. Then the power rotating system is started to shear the soil sample, and the soil sample shear curve T after one dry-wet cycle can be obtained P1-1 。
Fifthly, repeating the step (iv), and respectively carrying out the shearing tests after two times, three times, … times and n times of dry-wet cycles on each newly-loaded soil sample to obtain P shown in figure 9 1 Dry-wet cycle shear curve at pressure values.
Sixthly, adopting different P values, such as P 2 、P 3 、P 4 、…、P n And repeating the steps from the first step to the fifth step to obtain the shearing curves under different P values as shown in FIG. 9.
Finally, selecting a shearing curve corresponding to the dry-wet cycle times under the pressure of each P valueSigma measured at peak point and corresponding strain gauge t 、σ c 、σ l E.g. peak point (T) under dry and wet cycle conditions of 0 f P1-0 、T f P2-0 、T f P3-0 、T f P4-0 ) And σ of the corresponding point t 、σ c 、σ l The corresponding x value can be obtained by the formula 8, then each peak value point is plotted on the T-x coordinate axis point, and the peak value friction angle of the soil sample under the corresponding dry-wet cycle times can be obtained by linear fitting
And a peak cohesion c. As shown in fig. 10, the peak friction parameter shows a gradual decrease as the number of dry and wet cycles increases, and will converge to a final value.
Thirdly, considering the dry-wet circulation effect and calculating the soil base settlement
Firstly, the settlement of any layer is calculated, and the formula is as follows:
in the formula, e 0 The initial void ratio of the soil layer under the initial vertical pressure P of the soil layer, delta e is the void ratio reduction amount H after the additional vertical pressure increment delta P is applied to the upper part of the soil layer i Is the initial thickness of the soil layer.
From the soil compression curve diagram 8 obtained under the dry-wet cycle condition, it can be known that after different times of humidification and desiccation, the soil compression curve satisfies delta e<Δe 1s <Δe 1g <Δe 2s <Δe 2g <…<Δe (n-1)g ≈Δe ng . Thus, it is possible to obtain:
as can be seen from equation 10, since the dry-wet cycle conditions have a critical influence on the compression characteristics of the soil sample of the soil foundation and can promote further compression of the soil layer than under natural conditions, it is important to consider the dry-wet cycle effect for the calculation of the settlement amount of the soil foundation, especially for the high fill soil foundation of the reservoir, which is periodically influenced by the reservoir water or rainfall, and the influence is not negligible.
Finally, based on a layering synthesis method, the method obtains the pore ratio change of the soil sample under different vertical loads in the dry-wet cycle process, then obtains the settlement of each layer in a layering manner, and sums according to a formula 11 to obtain the settlement change process of the soil foundation in the dry-wet cycle process. From the above analysis, the total settling amount of the soil base gradually decreases as the dry-wet cycle continues, but eventually stabilizes and converges to a final stable value.
Based on the description of the invention and the drawings, those skilled in the art can easily make or use the large-scale lateral limit compression test and shear test all-in-one machine based on the dry-wet cycle conditions of the invention, and can produce the positive effects recorded by the invention.
Unless otherwise specified, in the present invention, if there are orientations or positional relationships indicated by the terms "length", "width", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc., based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, it is only for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than to indicate or imply that the device or element so referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, therefore, the terms describing orientation or positional relationship in the present invention are for illustrative purposes only, and should not be construed as limiting the present patent, specific meanings of the above terms can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art in light of the specific circumstances in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, the terms "disposed," "connected," and "connected" are used broadly and encompass, for example, being fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way, and any simple modifications and equivalent variations of the above embodiment according to the technical spirit of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (11)
1. Large-scale limit compression test and shear test all-in-one based on dry and wet cycle condition, its characterized in that, the all-in-one includes:
the top of the water container is provided with an opening for filling water into the water filling device, and the bottom of the water container is provided with a drain pipe which can be opened and closed;
the side limiting wall is arranged inside the water container and is spaced from the bottom surface of the water container by a proper distance; an upper permeable stone and a lower permeable stone which can be used for water flow to pass through are respectively arranged at the top of the side limiting wall and in the distance space, so that the upper permeable stone, the side limiting wall and the lower permeable stone surround to form a surrounding limiting space for filling a test soil sample;
the air charging and discharging system comprises an air supply device, an air inlet pipe and an air outlet pipe, wherein the bottom end of the air inlet pipe penetrates through the upper permeable stone and extends to the upper part of the top surface of the soil sample, the top end of the air outlet pipe penetrates through the lower permeable stone and extends to the lower part of the bottom surface of the soil sample, and hot air is continuously input to the top end of the air inlet pipe through the air supply device, so that air flow penetrates through the soil sample from top to bottom and is discharged from the air outlet pipe below the soil sample;
the hydraulic lifting system presses the pressurizing arm through the downward moving lifting platform, and can drive the pressurizing plate and the upper permeable stone to move downwards to vertically pressurize the soil sample;
the power shearing system comprises a motor, a rotating shaft and a shearing plate, wherein the bottom end of the rotating shaft penetrates through the upper permeable stone and extends into a proper position in the soil sample, and the shearing plate is fixedly connected with the end of the rotating shaft;
and a monitoring control system;
the bottom surface of the water container is directly erected on a frame base through a support, stand columns on two sides of the frame are used for transmitting acting force which is applied by a hydraulic lifting system in a reaction mode, and the base is used as a supporting platform of the water container and internal test equipment of the water container.
2. The integrated machine for large-scale lateral limit compression test and shear test based on dry-wet cycle conditions of claim 1, wherein: hydraulic lifting system includes the converter, locates the hydraulic lift on the frame stand, receives hydraulic lift control can reciprocate the elevating platform, cover and establish go up the pressure plate of permeable stone top surface and vertically set firmly in the pressurization arm of pressure plate top surface, through the converter drive the elevating platform moves down and exerts pressure to the pressurization arm for the passive pressurized realization of pressurized of pressure plate and last permeable stone is to the vertical load of lower part soil sample.
3. The integrated machine for large-scale lateral limit compression test and shear test based on dry-wet cycle conditions of claim 2, wherein: the motor uses the pivot to be bilateral symmetry and arranges in the elevating platform bottom surface as the symmetry axis to can follow and set firmly to remove about the motor slide rail in the elevating platform bottom surface, accessible motor gear carries out shear test with pivot gear engagement.
4. The integrated machine for the large-scale lateral limit compression test and the shear test based on the dry-wet cycle condition according to claim 2, characterized in that: the pressurizing plate is matched with the boundary of the upper permeable stone, the air inlet pipe penetrates through the pressurizing plate and the upper permeable stone, and the bottom end of the air inlet pipe is connected with the upper air collecting plate bin to form a whole; the top end of the air outlet pipe is connected with the lower air collecting plate bin, and the bottom end of the air outlet pipe penetrates out of the bottoms of the lower permeable stone and the water container.
5. The integrated machine for large-scale lateral limit compression testing and shear testing based on dry-wet cycle conditions of claim 4, wherein: the outside cover of pivot is equipped with the sleeve pipe, and the middle part of pressure plate and last permeable stone is opened has the round hole and can supplies pivot and sleeve pipe to pass through.
6. The integrated machine for large-scale lateral limit compression test and shear test based on dry-wet cycle conditions of claim 1, wherein: still include top layer filter screen and bottom filter screen, the last gas collecting plate storehouse with top layer filter screen upper surface contact and the lower gas collecting plate storehouse with bottom filter screen lower surface contact that contact respectively with the interface about the soil sample, go up gas collecting plate storehouse and lower gas collecting plate storehouse respectively with intake pipe and outlet duct switch-on.
7. The integrated machine for large-scale lateral limit compression testing and shear testing based on dry-wet cycle conditions of claim 6, wherein: top layer filter screen, bottom filter screen, go up gas collecting plate storehouse and down gas collecting plate all inlay on the inside wall of spacing wall in side.
8. The integrated machine for large-scale lateral limit compression testing and shear testing based on dry-wet cycle conditions of claim 6, wherein: the surface of the upper gas collecting plate bin and the surface of the lower gas collecting plate bin are provided with holes allowing gas and water to pass through, and are respectively in contact with the upper permeable stone and the lower permeable stone.
9. The integrated machine for large-scale lateral limit compression test and shear test based on dry-wet cycle conditions of claim 1, wherein: the gas supply device adopts a hot gas pump controlled by a monitoring control system, and the hot gas pump continuously inputs hot gas to the top end of the gas inlet pipe through a hot gas pipe.
10. The integrated machine for large-scale lateral limit compression test and shear test based on dry-wet cycle conditions of claim 1, wherein: the side limiting wall is barrel-shaped and is erected on the bottom surface of the water container through the support legs.
11. The large-scale lateral limit compression test and shear test all-in-one machine based on dry-wet cycle conditions according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that: the monitoring control system comprises a computer, a signal transmission cable, a frequency converter, a hygrometer, a pressure sensor, a displacement sensor, a pressure gauge, a strain gauge and a distilled water valve, wherein the hygrometer is arranged in the soil sample to measure the humidity, the pressure sensor is arranged between a lifting platform and a pressure arm to measure the vertical pressure value, the displacement sensor is installed on the bottom side of the lifting platform, the pressure gauge arranged on the surface of a rotating shaft gear is used for monitoring the pressure transmitted by a motor gear to the rotating shaft gear, the strain gauge is arranged on the edge of a shear plate, the signal transmission cable is connected with a computer control system and all monitoring sensing equipment, the monitored value can be fed back to the computer in real time to store data, and the computer can timely make instructions to perform servo control on each functional component of the instrument.
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