CN110595909B - True triaxial test system and method for simulating deep rock mass under different temperature influences - Google Patents
True triaxial test system and method for simulating deep rock mass under different temperature influences Download PDFInfo
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- CN110595909B CN110595909B CN201910938878.2A CN201910938878A CN110595909B CN 110595909 B CN110595909 B CN 110595909B CN 201910938878 A CN201910938878 A CN 201910938878A CN 110595909 B CN110595909 B CN 110595909B
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- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
- G01N3/18—Performing tests at high or low temperatures
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- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
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- G01N2203/0222—Temperature
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- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/022—Environment of the test
- G01N2203/0244—Tests performed "in situ" or after "in situ" use
- G01N2203/0246—Special simulation of "in situ" conditions, scale models or dummies
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Abstract
The invention discloses a true triaxial test system for simulating different temperature influences of a deep rock mass, which comprises a rolling workbench, wherein an X-direction guide rail and a Y-direction guide rail are arranged on the upper surface of the rolling workbench, two X-direction middle main stress loading mechanisms are movably arranged on the X-direction guide rail, two Y-direction small main stress loading mechanisms are movably arranged on the Y-direction guide rail, a pressure container for internally placing a rock sample is arranged at the symmetrical center of the pressure container, a Z-direction large main stress loading mechanism is respectively arranged on the upper side and the lower side of the pressure container, and a temperature sensor, a force sensor and a displacement sensor are embedded on the inner side surfaces of the X-direction middle main stress loading mechanism, the Y-direction small main stress loading mechanism and the Z-direction large main stress loading mechanism; the pressure vessel comprises a loading plate, a hydraulic fracturing hole is formed in the center of the Z-direction top surface of the loading plate, a heating resistance wire device is arranged on the inner side surface of the loading plate, and a temperature controller is externally connected with the heating resistance wire device. The invention can truly simulate the high-pressure and high-ground-temperature environments of rock masses with different depths.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of deep rock mass engineering research, and particularly relates to a true triaxial test system and method for simulating deep rock mass under different temperature influences.
Background
With the advancement of social technology, human activities are gradually transferred from the ground to the ground, including mining of coal mines or various metal minerals, subways in large cities, railway and highway tunnels, underground hydropower stations, underground national defense projects, and unconventional oil and gas exploration mining with underground depths of thousands of meters. All the deep underground projects are affected by complex mechanical environments such as high ground stress, high ground temperature, high karst water pressure and the like, and deep rock mass project disasters frequently occur, wherein the most common rock mass disasters are rock burst, and the recorded rock burst accidents in China currently exceed 5000 times. In addition, with the gradual increase of the unconventional oil and gas exploration and exploitation force in China, the large-scale volume fracturing of the reservoir is taken as a core scientific technology for influencing the productivity, and more attention is paid. However, research works on the aspects of influencing factors of reservoir fracturing effect, fracture network evaluation, rock mass fracture mechanism and the like are not enough, and experimental equipment and method for simulating reservoir fracturing indoors are not available.
Aiming at the problems, the research on deep rock mass mechanics is imperative. Firstly, rock burst is defined from the phenomenon, and the rock burst phenomenon is possibly generated in an indoor uniaxial compression test, an indirect tensile test, a biaxial loading and unloading test and a triaxial loading and unloading test, wherein the indirect tensile test is, for example, a Brazilian split compression test, but the damage form is obviously different from the deep strain rock burst damage. Secondly, reservoir hydraulic fracturing is carried out, and at present, a simulation experiment under the condition of normal temperature and no confining pressure is mostly adopted for indoor research on a hydraulic fracturing mechanism, and the condition of simulating the real environment of a deep rock body is lacked; in addition, most researchers check the crack propagation path and form by adding pigment into the fracturing fluid, and the method for evaluating the effect of the rock mass fracture network is insufficient due to lack of real-time and quantitative monitoring and analysis.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a true triaxial test system and a true triaxial test method for simulating the real environment of a deep rock mass under the influence of different temperatures, aiming at solving the problem that the simulation experiment under the condition of normal temperature and no confining pressure is mostly adopted in the prior art.
The object of the invention is achieved in the following way:
the true triaxial test system for simulating different temperature influences of deep rock mass comprises a rolling workbench 3, wherein an X-direction guide rail and a Y-direction guide rail which are mutually perpendicular and crossed are arranged on the upper surface of the rolling workbench 3, two X-direction middle main stress loading mechanisms 2, two Y-direction small main stress loading mechanisms 4 are movably arranged on the Y-direction guide rail, two pressure containers 5 for internally placing rock samples 6 are arranged at symmetrical centers of the two X-direction middle main stress loading mechanisms 2 and the two Y-direction small main stress loading mechanisms 4, Z-direction large main stress loading mechanisms 1 are respectively arranged on the upper side and the lower side of the pressure containers 5, the X-direction middle main stress loading mechanisms 2, the Y-direction small main stress loading mechanisms 4 and the Z-direction large main stress loading mechanisms 1 are respectively used for applying X-direction bidirectional, Y-direction bidirectional and Z-direction bidirectional stresses to the rock samples 6 through the pressure containers 5, temperature sensors 58, 53 and 58, 58 and 58 are embedded on inner side surfaces of the X-direction middle main stress loading mechanisms 4 and the Z-direction large main stress loading mechanisms 1, and temperature sensors 58 are respectively connected with the temperature sensors 54 and the displacement sensors 54;
the pressure vessel 5 comprises a loading plate 52, the inner side surface of the loading plate is in contact with a rock sample 6, a vertical preformed hole 61 is arranged in the upper section of the rock sample 6, a hydraulic fracturing hole 7 matched with the preformed hole 61 is formed in the center position of the Z-direction top surface of the loading plate 52, a heating resistance wire device 57 is arranged on the inner side surface 5203 of the loading plate 52, a data wire of the heating resistance wire device 57 extends outwards to be arranged on the outer side surface 5201 of the loading plate 52 and extends outwards, and a temperature controller is externally connected to the extending end of the data wire through a transmission line.
An acoustic emission probe 59 is arranged on the inner side 5203 of the loading plate 52, a data line of the acoustic emission probe 59 extends outwards to be arranged on the outer side 5201 of the loading plate 52 and extends outwards, and an acoustic emission acquisition controller 9 and a display 8 are externally connected to the extending end of the acoustic emission probe through a transmission line.
The X-direction middle main stress loading mechanism 2 comprises an X-direction loading frame 22, an X-direction positioning ring 21 is arranged on the inner side surface of the X-direction loading frame 22 in the X-direction, an X-direction loading hydraulic cylinder 20 is arranged on the inner side of the X-direction positioning ring 21, a dowel bar is tightly propped against the inner side of the X-direction loading hydraulic cylinder 20, and a loading plate 52 is arranged on the inner side of the dowel bar; the structure of the Y-direction small main stress loading mechanism 4 and the Z-direction large main stress loading mechanism 1 is the same as that of the X-direction medium main stress loading mechanism 2.
The dowel bar is composed of a universal dowel bar 55 and a T-shaped dowel bar 14 which are sequentially arranged from the outer side to the inner side, the inner side surface of the T-shaped dowel bar 14 is contacted with the loading plate 52, the outer side surface of the universal dowel bar 55 is contacted with the inner side surface of the X-direction loading hydraulic cylinder 20, and the inner side surface of the universal dowel bar 55 is contacted with the outer side surface of the T-shaped dowel bar 14.
The universal dowel bar 55 comprises an outer pressing block 5503, an inner pressing block 5502 and a universal ball disc 5501, wherein the universal ball disc 5501 is arranged between the outer pressing block 5503 and the inner pressing block 5502, and clamping grooves for accommodating the universal ball disc 5501 are respectively formed in the inner side surface of the outer pressing block 5503 and the outer side surface of the inner pressing block 5502.
Sliding balls are respectively and slidably mounted on the X-direction guide rail and the Y-direction guide rail, sliding grooves are formed in the bottom surfaces of the X-direction middle main stress loading mechanism 2 and the Y-direction small main stress loading mechanism 4, and the upper sections of the sliding balls are mounted in the sliding grooves.
The pressure vessel 5 comprises a pressure vessel frame 50 in a square shape, the loading plates 52 are respectively arranged on six faces of the pressure vessel frame 50, the loading plates 52 are wrapped with expandable flexible membrane assemblies 51 for sealing and heat preservation, and edges and corners of the pressure vessel frame 50 are wrapped with cube frame rubber sealing rings 56.
The rolling workbench 3 comprises a workbench frame 30 and a workbench controller 31, a telescopic support column 32 is arranged at the bottom of the workbench frame 30, and the workbench controller 31 is connected with the telescopic support column 32; the telescopic support column 32 comprises a sleeve 3201 fixedly mounted on the workbench frame 30, a lifting hydraulic cylinder 3202 is arranged in the sleeve 3201, a piston rod of the lifting hydraulic cylinder 3202 faces downwards, a roller 3203 is mounted at the bottom of the piston rod, and the top of the lifting hydraulic cylinder 3202 is fixed on the workbench frame 30.
The hydraulic driving device further comprises a PLC which is respectively connected with the temperature sensor 58, the force sensor 53, the displacement sensor 54, the temperature controller, the acoustic emission acquisition controller 9, the display 8, the workbench controller 31, the lifting hydraulic cylinder 3202, the X-direction middle main stress loading mechanism 2, the Y-direction small main stress loading mechanism 4 and the Z-direction large main stress loading mechanism 1.
The test method for simulating the true triaxial test system under the influence of different temperatures of the deep rock mass comprises the following steps:
(1) installing a rock sample 6 in a pressure container 5, and adjusting an X-direction middle main stress loading mechanism 2, a Y-direction small main stress loading mechanism 4 and a Z-direction large main stress loading mechanism 1 to ensure that three-way loading is smoothly carried out;
(2) setting three-dimensional initial stress of an X-direction middle main stress loading mechanism 2, a Y-direction small main stress loading mechanism 4 and a Z-direction large main stress loading mechanism 1 to preset values;
(3) maintaining three-dimensional initial stress, controlling a heating resistance wire device 57 to heat through a temperature controller, and heating the rock sample 6 in the pressure container 5 to a preset temperature and maintaining;
(4) when the rock burst simulation is needed, the Y-direction stress of one side surface in the three-way loading is suddenly unloaded to form a temporary surface, the Z-direction loading stress is kept to be gradually increased, if the rock burst occurs in the temporary surface, the experiment is ended, otherwise, the Z-direction loading stress is continuously increased and kept until the rock burst occurs, and then acoustic emission, force, displacement and temperature information are recorded, and a rock burst occurrence mechanism is analyzed;
when hydraulic fracturing simulation is needed, loading three-dimensional stress to a preset value and keeping the three-dimensional stress unchanged, injecting fracturing fluid into the hydraulic fracturing hole 7 in the Z direction through a syringe wellbore pump until the wellbore pressure reaches the preset pressure and keeping the hydraulic fracturing hole, if the rock sample 6 is fractured, continuing to inject the fracturing fluid, and if the experiment is finished, increasing and keeping the wellbore pressure step by step until the rock sample 6 is hydraulically fractured, stopping the experiment, recording acoustic emission, force, displacement and temperature information, and analyzing a hydraulic fracturing fracture mechanism;
(5) and (3) changing the heating temperature in the step (3) to heat the temperature of the rock sample 6 in the pressure container 5 to different temperatures respectively, and repeating the steps (1) - (4) to simulate rock burst experiments or hydraulic fracturing fracture experiments with different depths.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the three-way vertical and independently controllable three-way loading system can be realized by arranging the X-direction middle main stress loading mechanism, the Y-direction small main stress loading mechanism and the Z-direction large main stress loading mechanism, and the three-way vertical and independently controllable three-way loading system is also provided with a temperature sensor, a heating resistance wire device, a force sensor and a displacement sensor, so that the high-pressure and high-ground temperature environments where rock bodies with different depths are positioned can be truly simulated, and the real-time and quantitative monitoring and analysis of the three-way force and displacement and the internal temperature of a pressure chamber in the test process can be realized;
2. the X-direction guide rail and the Y-direction guide rail are movably arranged with the X-direction middle main stress loading mechanism and the Y-direction small main stress loading mechanism respectively, so that the eccentric loading problem can be solved;
3. the invention can also realize the unchanged X-direction horizontal load, increase the Z-direction vertical load and suddenly unload the Y-direction horizontal load, simulate the rock burst process of deep rock mass, reserve a fracturing fluid injection channel in the Z direction of the pressure vessel, simulate a hydraulic fracturing experiment and develop fracturing effect evaluation;
4. the rotatable workbench is arranged, so that the instrument carrying difficulty is greatly reduced, and the cost is saved; provides technical support for the development of deep rock mass mechanics.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the system architecture of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a partial cross-sectional view of fig. 1.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the configuration of the inside surface of the loadboard.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view of the configuration of the outer side of the loadboard.
Fig. 5 is a flow chart of a rock burst simulation experiment and a hydraulic fracturing simulation experiment of the present invention.
Wherein, the large main stress loading mechanism in the 1 and Z directions, the medium main stress loading mechanism in the 2 and X directions, the rolling workbench, 4, a Y-direction small main stress loading mechanism, 5, a pressure vessel, 6, a rock sample, 7, a hydraulic fracturing hole, 8, a display, 9 and an acoustic emission acquisition controller;
10. z-direction positioning rings, 11, Z-direction counterforce steel frames, 12, Z-direction vertical support columns, 13, Z-direction loading hydraulic cylinders, 14, T-shaped dowel bars; 20. an X-direction loading hydraulic cylinder, a 21X-direction positioning ring, a 22X-direction loading frame, a 23X-direction sliding ball; 30. the device comprises a workbench frame, 31, a workbench controller, 32, a telescopic support column 3201, a sleeve, 3202, a lifting hydraulic cylinder, 3203 and a roller;
50. the pressure vessel comprises a pressure vessel frame, 51, an expandable flexible membrane assembly, 52, a loading plate, 5201, an outer side surface, 5202, a guide groove, 5203, an inner side surface, 53, a force sensor, 54, a displacement sensor, 55, a universal dowel bar, 5501, a universal ball disc, 5502, an inner pressing block, 5503, an outer pressing block, 56, a cubic frame rubber sealing ring, 57, a heating resistance wire device, 58, a temperature sensor, 59 and an acoustic emission probe; 61. and (5) reserving holes.
Detailed Description
The invention takes the side close to the rock sample 6 as the inner side and vice versa.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the true triaxial test system for simulating the influence of different temperatures of a deep rock mass comprises a rolling workbench 3, wherein an X-direction guide rail and a Y-direction guide rail which are mutually and perpendicularly crossed are arranged on the upper surface of the rolling workbench 3, the X-direction guide rail and the Y-direction guide rail are respectively two parallel X-direction tracks (not shown in the figure) and two parallel Y-direction tracks (not shown in the figure), two X-direction middle main stress loading mechanisms 2 which are symmetrically arranged are movably arranged on the X-direction guide rail, two Y-direction small main stress loading mechanisms 4 which are symmetrically arranged are movably arranged on the Y-direction guide rail, a pressure container 5 for internally placing a rock sample 6 is arranged at the symmetrical center of the two X-direction middle main stress loading mechanisms 2 and the two Y-direction small main stress loading mechanisms 4, Z-direction large main stress loading mechanisms 1 are respectively arranged on the upper side and the lower side of the pressure container 5, the X-direction middle main stress loading mechanism 2, the Y-direction small main stress loading mechanism 4 and the Z-direction large main stress loading mechanism 1 are respectively used for applying X-direction bidirectional, Y-direction bidirectional and Z-direction bidirectional stress to the rock sample 6 through the pressure container 5, wherein the X-direction bidirectional, the Y-direction bidirectional and the Z-direction bidirectional refer to the left-right direction, the front-back direction and the up-down direction of the rock sample 6, the inner side surfaces of the X-direction middle main stress loading mechanism 2, the Y-direction small main stress loading mechanism 4 and the Z-direction large main stress loading mechanism 1 are respectively embedded with a temperature sensor 58, a force sensor 53 and a displacement sensor 54, probes of the temperature sensor 58, the force sensor 53 and the displacement sensor 54 extend into the pressure container 5, and the temperature sensor 58 is connected with a temperature controller (not shown in the figure) for detecting three-way force in the test process, displacement and temperature within the pressure vessel 5.
The pressure vessel 5 includes a loading plate 52 with an inner side surface contacting the rock sample 6, the loading plate 52 is 6 pieces and is respectively mounted on six surfaces of the pressure vessel frame 50, a vertical preformed hole 61 is provided in an upper section of the rock sample 6, a hydraulic fracturing hole 7 for matching with the preformed hole 61 is provided in a central position of a Z-direction top surface of the loading plate 52, the preformed hole 61 and the hydraulic fracturing hole 7 are located on the same horizontal line, a heating resistance wire device 57 is disposed on an inner side surface 5203 of the loading plate 52, as shown in fig. 3, a data wire of the heating resistance wire device 57 extends outwards and is disposed on an outer side 5201 of the loading plate 52, and a temperature controller (not shown in the figure) is externally connected to an extending end of the heating resistance wire device 57 through a transmission line. The above-mentioned heating resistance wire arrangement 57 is arranged in a spiral on the inner side 72 of the loading plate 52 for heating the rock sample 6.
As shown in fig. 1, four Z-direction vertical support columns 12 are installed in the middle of the rolling workbench 3, the four Z-direction vertical support columns 12 are arranged into a rectangular frame, and the upper and lower two Z-direction large main stress loading mechanisms 1 are respectively installed on the Z-direction vertical support columns 12. The pressure vessel 5 is hoisted at the center of the three-way loading mechanism and is used for carrying out a mechanical experiment of the rock sample 6, and the periphery of the upper part of the pressure vessel 5 is hoisted on the following Z-direction vertical support column 12 of the Z-direction large main stress loading mechanism 1 through ropes.
The rigidity of the Z-direction large main stress loading mechanism 1 is 6GN/m, and the maximum output stress is 1500Mpa; the rigidity of the X-direction middle main stress loading mechanism 2 is 6GN/m, and the maximum output stress is 1200Mpa; the rigidity of the Y-direction small main stress loading mechanism 4 is 6GN/m, and the maximum output stress is 800Mpa. The Y-direction small main stress loading mechanism 4 can realize single-sided abrupt unloading, exposes the side surface of a rock mass test piece, and when a large amount of elastic strain energy accumulated by the rock mass exceeds a certain critical value, rock fragments can pop out at high speed on a temporary surface, and the elastic strain energy accumulated in the rock mass is released in the form of kinetic energy, heat energy and crushing energy to form rock burst.
In order to monitor the acoustic signal released during the breaking process of the rock sample 6 in real time, as shown in fig. 3 and 4, an acoustic emission probe 59 is disposed on the inner side 5203 of the loading plate 52, and a data line of the acoustic emission probe 59 extends outwards and is disposed on the outer side 5201 of the loading plate 52, and the extending end of the acoustic emission probe extends outwards, and is externally connected with an acoustic emission acquisition controller 9 and a display 8 through a transmission line. 9 probe acoustic emission probes 59 are disposed on each inner side 5203 of the load plate 52 for a total of 54 channels, as shown in fig. 3-4. The outer side surface 5201 of the loading plate 52 is provided with guide grooves 5202, each outer side surface 5201 is provided with 6 guide grooves 5202 which are 3-way, 3-way and vertical-way, and data lines connected with the acoustic emission probes 59 are embedded in the guide grooves 5202 and all led out to the transmission line, as shown in fig. 4.
Further, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the X-direction principal stress loading mechanism 2 includes an X-direction loading frame 22, an X-direction positioning ring 21 is mounted on an inner side surface of the X-direction loading frame 22 in the X-direction, an X-direction loading hydraulic cylinder 20 is mounted on an inner side of the X-direction positioning ring 21, a dowel bar (not shown) is propped against an inner side of the X-direction loading hydraulic cylinder 20, and the loading plate 52 is disposed on an inner side of the dowel bar; the structure of the Y-direction small main stress loading mechanism 4 and the Z-direction large main stress loading mechanism 1 is the same as that of the X-direction medium main stress loading mechanism 2. Specifically, the Z-direction large principal stress loading mechanism 1 includes a Z-direction reaction steel frame 11, a Z-direction positioning ring 10 is installed below the middle part of the Z-direction reaction steel frame 11, a Z-direction loading hydraulic cylinder 13 is installed on the inner side surface of the Z-direction positioning ring 10, a dowel bar is tightly propped against the inner side of the Z-direction loading hydraulic cylinder 13, and the loading plate 52 is arranged on the inner side of the dowel bar; the structure of the Y-direction small principal stress loading mechanism 4 is the same as that of the X-direction medium principal stress loading mechanism 2, and will not be described again here.
Further, the dowel bar is composed of a universal dowel bar 55 and a T-shaped dowel bar 14 which are sequentially arranged from the outer side to the inner side, the inner side surface of the T-shaped dowel bar 14 is contacted with the loading plate 52, the outer side surface of the universal dowel bar 55 is contacted with the inner side surface of the X-direction loading hydraulic cylinder 20, and the inner side surface of the universal dowel bar 55 is contacted with the outer side surface of the T-shaped dowel bar 14. Such a configuration facilitates the application of an external force to load plate 52.
Still further, the universal dowel 55 includes an outer pressing block 5503, an inner pressing block 5502 and a universal ball disc 5501, the universal ball disc 5501 is disposed between the outer pressing block 5503 and the inner pressing block 5502, and clamping grooves for accommodating the universal ball disc 5501 are respectively formed in the inner side surface of the outer pressing block 5503 and the outer side surface of the inner pressing block 5502, so that multidirectional forces can be conveniently applied. The universal ball disc 5501 is used for transmitting load and adjusting the transmission direction of force, and has the structure in the prior art.
In order to facilitate the arrangement of the loading frame and the free sliding support on the rolling workbench 3 to overcome the eccentric loading problem, sliding balls are respectively arranged on the X-direction guide rail and the Y-direction guide rail in a sliding manner, each sliding ball comprises an X-direction sliding ball 23 arranged below the X-direction central main stress loading mechanism 2, sliding grooves (not shown in the figure) are formed in the bottom surfaces of the X-direction central main stress loading mechanism 2 and the Y-direction small main stress loading mechanism 4, and the upper sections of the sliding balls are arranged in the sliding grooves. The X-direction middle main stress loading mechanism 2 and the Y-direction small main stress loading mechanism 4 realize free sliding on the X-direction guide rail or the Y-direction guide rail respectively through sliding balls. The X-direction middle main stress loading mechanism 2 and the Y-direction small main stress loading mechanism 4 can realize single-sided abrupt unloading, and the side surface of the rock mass test piece is exposed. Therefore, the structure of the movable loading frame structure is used, synchronous deformation compensation is realized by means of the counter force action principle, the eccentric problem of a test piece in the loading process is solved, and the precision of experimental test results is improved.
Further, the pressure vessel 5 includes a pressure vessel frame 50 in a square shape, the pressure vessel frame 50 is made of metal, the loading plates 52 are respectively installed on six faces of the pressure vessel frame 50, the loading plates 52 are wrapped with expandable flexible membrane assemblies 51 for sealing and heat insulation, the edges and corners of the pressure vessel frame 50 are wrapped with cubic frame rubber sealing rings 56, and the cubic frame rubber sealing rings 56 are used for wrapping 12 edges of the rock sample 6. The probes of the temperature sensor 58, force sensor 53 and displacement sensor 54 extend through the inflatable flexible membrane assembly 51, load plate 52, in sequence from the outside to the inside, into the pressure vessel 5 to contact the rock sample 6, as shown in figure 2. The cubic frame rubber seal 56 is resistant to high temperature and high pressure and has the functions of heat insulation and sealing.
In order to facilitate controlling the up-and-down movement of the rolling workbench 3, the rolling workbench 3 comprises a workbench frame 30 and a workbench controller 31, a telescopic support column 32 is installed at the bottom of the workbench frame 30, the workbench controller 31 is connected with the telescopic support column 32, and the workbench controller 31 is used for controlling the up-and-down expansion of the telescopic support column 32.
Preferably, as shown in fig. 1, the telescopic support column 32 includes a sleeve 3201 fixed on the workbench frame 30, a lifting hydraulic cylinder 3202 is arranged in the sleeve 3201, a piston rod of the lifting hydraulic cylinder 3202 faces downwards, a roller 3203 is arranged at the bottom of the piston rod, the roller 3203 is integrally positioned in the sleeve 3201, and the top of the lifting hydraulic cylinder 3202 is fixed on the workbench frame 30. The lifting hydraulic cylinder 3202 is controlled by a motor, the motor is electrically connected with the table controller 31, and the table controller 31 is used for controlling the lifting of the lifting hydraulic cylinder 3202. When lift cylinder 3202 is extended, sleeve 3201 is moved away from the ground and roller 3203 is supported on the ground.
The invention also comprises a PLC which is respectively connected with the temperature sensor 58, the force sensor 53, the displacement sensor 54, the temperature controller, the acoustic emission acquisition controller 9, the display 8, the workbench controller 31, the lifting hydraulic cylinder 3202, the X-direction middle main stress loading mechanism 2, the Y-direction small main stress loading mechanism 4 and the Z-direction large main stress loading mechanism 1. The hydraulic driving mechanisms of the X-direction middle main stress loading mechanism 2, the Y-direction small main stress loading mechanism 4 and the Z-direction large main stress loading mechanism 1 are respectively corresponding loading hydraulic cylinders, for example, the hydraulic driving mechanism of the Z-direction large main stress loading mechanism 1 is a Z-direction loading hydraulic cylinder 13.
The pressure vessel 5 is installed as follows:
(1) placing a rock sample 6 in the central position of the pressure vessel 5, wherein the dimensions of the rock sample 6 are 100mm multiplied by 100mm cubic test pieces;
(2) 6 loading plates 52, on which acoustic emission probes 59 and heating resistance wire devices 57 are arranged, are mounted on six faces of the pressure vessel 5;
(3) the space between the loading plate 52 and the pressure vessel 5 is provided with a cubic frame rubber sealing ring 56 which wraps 12 edges of the rock sample 6, and the rubber sealing ring is high-temperature and high-pressure resistant and has the functions of heat insulation and sealing;
(4) the data lines on the loading plates 52 arranged on the 6 surfaces are led out of the pressure container 5 through the guide grooves 5202, and the pressure container 5 is hoisted to the central position of the three-way loading mechanism through a hoisting system;
(5) and the X-direction, Y-direction and Z-direction loading mechanisms are adjusted to ensure that the pressure vessel 5 is positioned at the symmetrical center position.
The invention also provides a test method for simulating the true triaxial test system under the influence of different temperatures of the deep rock mass, as shown in fig. 5, comprising the following steps:
(1) installing a rock sample 6 in a pressure container 5, and adjusting an X-direction middle main stress loading mechanism 2, a Y-direction small main stress loading mechanism 4 and a Z-direction large main stress loading mechanism 1 to ensure that three-way loading is smoothly carried out;
(2) setting three-dimensional initial stress of an X-direction middle main stress loading mechanism 2, a Y-direction small main stress loading mechanism 4 and a Z-direction large main stress loading mechanism 1 to preset values;
(3) maintaining three-dimensional initial stress, controlling a heating resistance wire device 57 to heat through a temperature controller, and heating the rock sample 6 in the pressure container 5 to a preset temperature and maintaining;
(4) when the rock burst simulation is needed, the Y-direction stress of one side surface in the three-way loading is suddenly unloaded to form a temporary surface, the Z-direction loading stress is kept to be gradually increased, if the rock burst occurs in the temporary surface, the experiment is ended, otherwise, the Z-direction loading stress is continuously increased and kept until the rock burst occurs, and then acoustic emission, force, displacement and temperature information are recorded, and a rock burst occurrence mechanism is analyzed;
when hydraulic fracturing simulation is needed, loading three-dimensional stress to a preset value and keeping the three-dimensional stress unchanged, injecting fracturing fluid into the hydraulic fracturing hole 7 in the Z direction through a syringe wellbore pump until the wellbore pressure reaches the preset pressure and keeping the hydraulic fracturing hole, if the rock sample 6 is fractured, continuing to inject the fracturing fluid, and if the experiment is finished, increasing and keeping the wellbore pressure step by step until the rock sample 6 is hydraulically fractured, stopping the experiment, recording acoustic emission, force, displacement and temperature information, and analyzing a hydraulic fracturing fracture mechanism;
(5) and (3) changing the heating temperature in the step (3) to heat the temperature of the rock sample 6 in the pressure container 5 to different temperatures respectively, and repeating the steps (1) - (4) to simulate rock burst experiments or hydraulic fracturing fracture experiments with different depths.
The test method of the true triaxial test system for simulating the influence of different temperatures of the deep rock mass comprises a rock burst test scheme with different temperatures under the condition of the true triaxial and a hydraulic fracturing test scheme with different temperatures under the condition of the true triaxial, and the specific method is as follows:
(1) Experimental schemes of rock burst at different temperatures under true triaxial conditions:
(1) installing a rock sample 6 and adjusting a three-way loading frame, wherein the three-way loading frame is divided into an X-direction middle main stress loading mechanism 2, a Y-direction small main stress loading mechanism 4 and a Z-direction large main stress loading mechanism 1;
(2) setting three-dimensional initial stress to be 1Mpa, 1Mpa and 1Mpa respectively;
(3) the three-way initial stress is maintained for 3 minutes, and the rock sample 6 in the pressure chamber is heated to 15 ℃ (equivalent to 500m underground) and maintained by the temperature controller 58;
(4) then the X-direction middle main stress is loaded to 60Mpa, the Y-direction small main stress is loaded to 30Mpa, and the Z-direction large main stress is loaded to 60Mpa;
(5) the X-direction middle main stress is kept unchanged at 60Mpa and the Y-direction small main stress is kept unchanged at 30Mpa, the loading of one side of the Y-direction is suddenly unloaded, the Z-direction large main stress is kept to be increased step by step, 15Mpa is increased to 75Mpa in each stage, and the loading is kept for 3 minutes;
(6) if the rock burst occurs on the free surface, ending the experiment, otherwise, increasing the Z-direction large main stress by 15Mpa to 90Mpa, and keeping for 3 minutes;
(7) rock burst occurs, information such as acoustic emission, force, displacement, temperature and the like is recorded, and a rock burst occurrence mechanism is analyzed;
(8) and (3) respectively heating the rock sample 6 in the pressure chamber to 30 ℃ (1000 m underground), 45 ℃ (1500 m underground), 60 ℃ (2000 m underground), 75 ℃ (2500 m underground) and 90 ℃ (3000 m underground), and repeating the steps (1) - (7) to develop rock burst experimental researches with different depths.
(2) The hydraulic fracturing experimental scheme under the true triaxial condition at different temperatures comprises the following steps:
(1) installing a rock sample 6, adjusting a three-way loading frame, inserting the rock sample into a hydraulic fracturing hole 7 of a borehole through a syringe, sealing the hydraulic fracturing hole, and connecting the hydraulic fracturing hole 7 and the reserved hole 61 with a fracturing liquid pumping system, wherein the fracturing liquid pumping system is a mature prior art and is not described in detail herein;
(2) setting three-dimensional initial stress to 1Mpa, 1Mpa and 1Mpa respectively;
(3) the three-dimensional initial stress is maintained for 3 minutes, and the rock sample 6 in the pressure chamber is heated to 15 ℃ (underground 500 m) and maintained by the temperature controller 58;
(4) the X-direction middle main stress is loaded to 60Mpa, the Y-direction small main stress is loaded to 30Mpa, and the Z-direction large main stress is loaded to 90Mpa;
(5) maintaining the main stresses in the X direction, the Y direction and the Z direction unchanged, pumping fracturing fluid in the Z direction through the hydraulic fracturing holes 7 of the injection well, and maintaining for 3 minutes when the pressure of the well reaches 10 Mpa;
(6) if the rock sample 6 is fractured, ending the experiment, otherwise, continuously injecting fracturing fluid, increasing 10Mpa to 20Mpa in each stage, and keeping for 3 minutes;
(7) until the rock sample 6 is hydraulically fractured, the experiment is stopped. Recording information such as acoustic emission, force, displacement, temperature and the like, and analyzing a hydraulic fracturing fracture mechanism;
(8) and (3) respectively heating the rock sample 6 in the pressure chamber to 30 ℃ (1000 m underground), 45 ℃ (1500 m underground), 60 ℃ (2000 m underground), 75 ℃ (2500 m underground) and 90 ℃ (3000 m underground), and repeating the steps (1) - (7) to develop hydraulic fracturing experimental researches with different depths so as to evaluate the effect of the fracture network of the rock mass.
While only the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described above, it should be noted that it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made herein without departing from the general inventive concept, and these should also be regarded as the scope of the invention, which is not to be limited to the effects of the invention in its practice or the application of the patent.
Claims (5)
1. True triaxial test system under the different temperature influences of simulation deep rock mass, its characterized in that: comprises a rolling workbench (3), wherein an X-direction guide rail and a Y-direction guide rail which are mutually vertically crossed are arranged on the upper surface of the rolling workbench (3), two X-direction middle main stress loading mechanisms (2) which are symmetrically arranged are movably arranged on the X-direction guide rail, two Y-direction small main stress loading mechanisms (4) which are symmetrically arranged are movably arranged on the Y-direction guide rail, pressure vessels (5) for internally releasing a rock sample (6) are arranged at symmetrical centers of the two X-direction middle main stress loading mechanisms (2) and the two Y-direction small main stress loading mechanisms (4), Z-direction large main stress loading mechanisms (1) are respectively arranged on the upper side and the lower side of the pressure vessels (5), the X-direction middle main stress loading mechanisms (2), the Y-direction small main stress loading mechanisms (4) and the Z-direction large main stress loading mechanisms (1) are respectively used for applying X-direction bidirectional, Y-direction bidirectional and Z-direction bidirectional stresses to the rock sample (6) through the pressure vessels (5), the temperature sensors (54) are respectively embedded on the side surfaces of the pressure sensors (58), the temperature sensors (54) and the temperature sensors (53) are respectively embedded on the pressure sensors (53), the temperature sensor (58) is connected with a temperature controller;
the pressure vessel (5) comprises a loading plate (52) with an inner side surface contacting a rock sample (6), a vertical preformed hole (61) is arranged in the upper section of the rock sample (6), a hydraulic fracturing hole (7) matched with the preformed hole (61) is formed in the central position of the Z-direction top surface of the loading plate (52), a heating resistance wire device (57) is arranged on the inner side surface (5203) of the loading plate (52), a data wire of the heating resistance wire device (57) extends outwards to be arranged on the outer side surface (5201) of the loading plate (52) and extends outwards, a temperature controller is externally connected to the extending end of the heating resistance wire device through a transmission line, an acoustic emission probe (59) is arranged on the inner side surface (5203) of the loading plate (52), the data wire of the acoustic emission probe (59) extends outwards to be arranged on the outer side surface (5201) of the loading plate (52) and extends outwards, an acoustic emission acquisition controller (9) and a display (8) are externally connected to the extending end of the acoustic emission probe through a transmission line, the X-direction principal stress loading mechanism (2) comprises an X-direction loading frame (22), a hydraulic positioning rod (20) is arranged on the inner side surface of the loading cylinder (20) of the X-direction loading cylinder (20), the loading plate (52) is arranged on the inner side of the dowel bar; the structure of the Y-direction small main stress loading mechanism (4) and the Z-direction large main stress loading mechanism (1) is the same as that of the X-direction medium main stress loading mechanism (2), the dowel bar consists of a universal dowel bar (55) and a T-shaped dowel bar (14) which are sequentially arranged from the outer side to the inner side, the inner side surface of the T-shaped dowel bar (14) is contacted with a loading plate (52), the outer side surface of the universal dowel bar (55) is contacted with the inner side surface of an X-direction loading hydraulic cylinder (20), the inner side surface of the universal dowel bar (55) is contacted with the outer side surface of the T-shaped dowel bar (14), the universal dowel bar (55) comprises an outer pressing block (5503), an inner pressing block (5502) and a universal ball disc (5501), the universal ball disc (5501) is arranged between the outer pressing block (5503) and the inner pressing block (5502), and the inner side surface of the outer pressing block (5502) is respectively provided with a clamping groove for accommodating the universal ball disc (5501); the pressure vessel (5) comprises a pressure vessel frame (50) in a square shape, the loading plates (52) are respectively arranged on six faces of the pressure vessel frame (50), the loading plates (52) are externally wrapped with expandable flexible membrane assemblies (51) for sealing and heat preservation, and edges and corners of the pressure vessel frame (50) are wrapped with cube frame rubber sealing rings (56).
2. The true triaxial test system for simulating different temperature effects of a deep rock mass according to claim 1, wherein: sliding balls are respectively and slidably mounted on the X-direction guide rail and the Y-direction guide rail, sliding grooves are respectively formed in the bottom surfaces of the X-direction middle main stress loading mechanism (2) and the Y-direction small main stress loading mechanism (4), and the upper sections of the sliding balls are mounted in the sliding grooves.
3. The true triaxial test system for simulating different temperature effects of a deep rock mass according to claim 1, wherein: the rolling workbench (3) comprises a workbench frame (30) and a workbench controller (31), a telescopic support column (32) is arranged at the bottom of the workbench frame (30), and the workbench controller (31) is connected with the telescopic support column (32); the telescopic support column (32) comprises a sleeve (3201) fixedly arranged on the workbench frame (30), a lifting hydraulic cylinder (3202) is arranged in the sleeve (3201), a piston rod of the lifting hydraulic cylinder (3202) faces downwards, a roller (3203) is arranged at the bottom of the piston rod, and the top of the lifting hydraulic cylinder (3202) is fixed on the workbench frame (30).
4. A true triaxial test system for simulating different temperature effects of a deep rock mass according to claim 3, wherein: the hydraulic driving device further comprises a PLC which is respectively connected with the temperature sensor (58), the force sensor (53), the displacement sensor (54), the temperature controller, the acoustic emission acquisition controller (9), the display (8), the workbench controller (31), the lifting hydraulic cylinder (3202) and the hydraulic driving mechanism of the X-direction middle main stress loading mechanism (2), the Y-direction small main stress loading mechanism (4) and the Z-direction large main stress loading mechanism (1).
5. A method of simulating a true triaxial test system under different temperature effects on a deep rock mass according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterised in that: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) installing a rock sample (6) in a pressure container (5), and adjusting an X-direction medium main stress loading mechanism (2), a Y-direction small main stress loading mechanism (4) and a Z-direction large main stress loading mechanism (1) to ensure that three-way loading is smoothly carried out;
(2) setting three-dimensional initial stress of an X-direction middle main stress loading mechanism (2), a Y-direction small main stress loading mechanism (4) and a Z-direction large main stress loading mechanism (1) to preset values;
(3) maintaining three-dimensional initial stress, controlling a heating resistance wire device (57) to heat through a temperature controller, and heating the rock sample (6) in the pressure container (5) to a preset temperature and maintaining;
(4) when the rock burst simulation is needed, the Y-direction stress of one side surface in the three-way loading is suddenly unloaded to form a temporary surface, the Z-direction loading stress is kept to be gradually increased, if the rock burst occurs in the temporary surface, the experiment is ended, otherwise, the Z-direction loading stress is continuously increased and kept until the rock burst occurs, and then acoustic emission, force, displacement and temperature information are recorded, and a rock burst occurrence mechanism is analyzed;
when hydraulic fracturing simulation is needed, loading three-dimensional stress to a preset value and keeping the three-dimensional stress unchanged, injecting fracturing fluid into a hydraulic fracturing hole (7) in the Z direction through a syringe wellbore pump until the wellbore pressure reaches the preset pressure and keeping the pressure, if the rock sample (6) is fractured, ending the experiment, otherwise, continuing to inject the fracturing fluid, gradually increasing the wellbore pressure and keeping the pressure until the rock sample (6) is hydraulically fractured, stopping the experiment, recording acoustic emission, force, displacement and temperature information, and analyzing a hydraulic fracturing fracture mechanism;
(5) and (3) changing the heating temperature in the step (3) to heat the temperature of the rock sample (6) in the pressure container (5) to different temperatures respectively, and repeating the steps (1) - (4) to simulate rock burst experiments or hydraulic fracturing fracture experiments with different depths.
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Inventor after: Wang Hongjian Inventor after: Zhao Fei Inventor after: Wang Shuonan Inventor after: Du Shuai Inventor after: Peng Yanyan Inventor after: Chen Shangyuan Inventor after: Li Jin Inventor after: Zhang Yitong Inventor after: Chen Shizhong Inventor before: Zhao Fei Inventor before: Wang Shuonan Inventor before: Du Shuai Inventor before: Peng Yanyan Inventor before: Chen Shangyuan Inventor before: Li Jin Inventor before: Zhang Yitong Inventor before: Chen Shizhong Inventor before: Wang Hongjian |
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