CN110595909A - True triaxial test system and method for simulating influence of different temperatures of deep rock mass - Google Patents
True triaxial test system and method for simulating influence of different temperatures of deep rock mass Download PDFInfo
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- CN110595909A CN110595909A CN201910938878.2A CN201910938878A CN110595909A CN 110595909 A CN110595909 A CN 110595909A CN 201910938878 A CN201910938878 A CN 201910938878A CN 110595909 A CN110595909 A CN 110595909A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
- G01N3/18—Performing tests at high or low temperatures
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0016—Tensile or compressive
- G01N2203/0019—Compressive
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/003—Generation of the force
- G01N2203/0042—Pneumatic or hydraulic means
- G01N2203/0048—Hydraulic means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0058—Kind of property studied
- G01N2203/006—Crack, flaws, fracture or rupture
- G01N2203/0062—Crack or flaws
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- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/022—Environment of the test
- G01N2203/0222—Temperature
- G01N2203/0226—High temperature; Heating means
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- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
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- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/022—Environment of the test
- G01N2203/0244—Tests performed "in situ" or after "in situ" use
- G01N2203/0246—Special simulation of "in situ" conditions, scale models or dummies
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
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- G01N2203/025—Geometry of the test
- G01N2203/0256—Triaxial, i.e. the forces being applied along three normal axes of the specimen
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- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
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- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
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- G01N2203/0682—Spatial dimension, e.g. length, area, angle
Abstract
The invention discloses a true triaxial test system for simulating different temperature influences of a deep rock mass, which comprises a rolling type workbench, wherein an X-direction guide rail and a Y-direction guide rail are arranged on the upper surface of the rolling type workbench, two X-direction middle main stress loading mechanisms are movably arranged on the X-direction guide rail, two Y-direction small main stress loading mechanisms are movably arranged on the Y-direction guide rail, a pressure container for accommodating a rock sample is arranged at the symmetrical center of the Y-direction guide rail, the upper side and the lower side of the pressure container are respectively provided with a Z-direction large main stress loading mechanism, and the inner side surfaces of the X-direction middle main stress loading mechanism, the Y-direction small main stress loading mechanism and the Z-direction large main stress loading mechanism are respectively embedded with a temperature sensor, a force; the pressure container comprises a loading plate, a hydraulic fracturing hole is formed in the center of the Z-direction top surface of the loading plate, a heating resistance wire device is arranged on the inner side surface of the loading plate, and a temperature controller is externally connected to the heating resistance wire device. The invention can truly simulate the high ground pressure and high ground temperature environment of rock masses with different depths.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of deep rock mass engineering research, and particularly relates to a true triaxial test system and method for simulating the influence of different temperatures of a deep rock mass.
Background
With the progress of social technology, human activities gradually shift from the ground to the underground, including the exploitation of coal mines or various metal minerals, subways in large cities, railway and highway tunnels, underground hydropower stations, underground defense projects, and unconventional oil and gas exploration exploitation with underground depths of thousands of meters. All the deep underground engineering is influenced by complex mechanical environments such as high ground stress, high ground temperature, high karst water pressure and the like, the disasters of the deep rock engineering frequently occur, the most common rock disasters are rock burst, and the recorded rock burst accidents in China exceed 5000 times at present. In addition, as the unconventional oil and gas exploration and exploitation strength in China is gradually increased, the large-scale volume fracturing of the reservoir is increasingly regarded as a core scientific technology influencing the productivity. However, research work on influencing factors of the reservoir fracturing effect, fracturing network evaluation, rock mass fracture mechanism and the like is still insufficient, and experimental equipment and a method for simulating reservoir fracturing indoors are further lacked.
Aiming at the problems, the research on deep rock mechanics is imperative. Firstly, rock burst is defined, when rock burst is defined in terms of phenomena, rock burst phenomena can be generated by indoor uniaxial compression tests, indirect tensile tests, biaxial loading and unloading tests and triaxial loading and unloading tests, the indirect tensile tests such as Brazilian splitting compression tests are different from deep strain rock burst damages obviously in damage forms. Secondly, reservoir hydraulic fracturing, wherein at present, simulation experiments under the conditions of normal temperature and no confining pressure are mostly adopted for indoor research of a hydraulic fracturing mechanism, and the conditions for simulating the real environment of a deep rock body are lacked; in addition, most researchers check the crack propagation path and form by adding pigments in the fracturing fluid, so that real-time and quantitative monitoring and analysis are lacked, and the evaluation means of the rock mass fracturing network effect is insufficient.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a true triaxial test system and a true triaxial test method for simulating deep rock mass under different temperature influences, aiming at solving the problem that the simulation experiment under the condition of normal temperature and no confining pressure is mostly adopted in the prior art and the simulation of the real environment of the deep rock mass is lacked.
The object of the invention is achieved in the following way:
the true triaxial test system for simulating the influence of different temperatures of a deep rock body comprises a rolling type workbench 3, wherein the upper surface of the rolling type workbench 3 is provided with an X-direction guide rail and a Y-direction guide rail which are mutually vertical and crossed, the X-direction guide rail is movably provided with two X-direction middle main stress loading mechanisms 2 which are symmetrically arranged, the Y-direction guide rail is movably provided with two Y-direction small main stress loading mechanisms 4 which are symmetrically arranged, the symmetrical centers of the two X-direction middle main stress loading mechanisms 2 and the two Y-direction small main stress loading mechanisms 4 are provided with pressure containers 5 for placing rock samples 6, the upper side and the lower side of each pressure container 5 are respectively provided with a Z-direction large main stress loading mechanism 1, and the X-direction middle main stress loading mechanisms 2, the Y-direction small main stress loading mechanisms 4 and the Z-direction large main stress loading mechanisms 1 are respectively used for applying X-direction bi-direction, Y-direction bi-, The stress in the Z direction is bidirectional, the inner side surfaces of the X-direction middle main stress loading mechanism 2, the Y-direction small main stress loading mechanism 4 and the Z-direction large main stress loading mechanism 1 are respectively embedded with a temperature sensor 58, a force sensor 53 and a displacement sensor 54, probes of the temperature sensor 58, the force sensor 53 and the displacement sensor 54 extend into the pressure container 5, and the temperature sensor 58 is connected with a temperature controller;
the pressure container 5 comprises a loading plate 52, the inner side surface of the loading plate contacts with a rock sample 6, a vertical reserved hole 61 is formed in the upper section of the rock sample 6, a hydraulic fracturing hole 7 matched with the reserved hole 61 is formed in the center of the Z-direction top surface of the loading plate 52, a heating resistance wire device 57 is arranged on the inner side surface 5203 of the loading plate 52, the data wire of the heating resistance wire device 57 extends outwards and is arranged on the outer side surface 5201 of the loading plate 52 and extends out of a transmission line, and the extending end of the heating resistance wire device is externally connected with a temperature controller.
An acoustic emission probe 59 is arranged on the inner side 5203 of the loading plate 52, a data line of the acoustic emission probe 59 extends outwards and is arranged on the outer side 5201 of the loading plate 52 and extends outwards, and the extending end of the acoustic emission probe is externally connected with an acoustic emission acquisition controller 9 and a display 8 through a transmission line.
The X-direction middle main stress loading mechanism 2 comprises an X-direction loading frame 22, an X-direction positioning ring 21 is arranged on the inner side surface of the X-direction loading frame 22 in the X direction, an X-direction loading hydraulic cylinder 20 is arranged on the inner side of the X-direction positioning ring 21, a dowel bar is tightly propped against the inner side of the X-direction loading hydraulic cylinder 20, and the loading plate 52 is arranged on the inner side of the dowel bar; the structure of the Y-direction small main stress loading mechanism 4 and the structure of the Z-direction large main stress loading mechanism 1 are the same as the structure of the X-direction middle main stress loading mechanism 2.
The dowel bar consists of a universal dowel bar 55 and a T-shaped dowel bar 14 which are sequentially arranged from the outer side to the inner side, the inner side surface of the T-shaped dowel bar 14 is contacted with the loading plate 52, the outer side surface of the universal dowel bar 55 is contacted with the inner side surface of the X-direction loading hydraulic cylinder 20, and the inner side surface of the universal dowel bar 55 is contacted with the outer side surface of the T-shaped dowel bar 14.
Universal dowel steel 55 includes outer briquetting 5503, interior briquetting 5502 and universal ball dish 5501, and universal ball dish 5501 sets up between outer briquetting 5503, interior briquetting 5502, offer the draw-in groove that is used for holding universal ball dish 5501 on the medial surface of outer briquetting 5503 and the lateral surface of interior briquetting 5502 respectively.
Sliding balls are respectively installed on the X-direction guide rail and the Y-direction guide rail in a sliding mode, sliding grooves are formed in the bottom surfaces of the X-direction middle main stress loading mechanism 2 and the Y-direction small main stress loading mechanism 4, and the upper section of each sliding ball is installed in each sliding groove.
The pressure vessel 5 comprises a pressure vessel frame 50 in a square shape, the loading plates 52 are respectively installed on six surfaces of the pressure vessel frame 50, the loading plates 52 are wrapped with expandable flexible membrane assemblies 51 for sealing and heat preservation, and the corners of the pressure vessel frame 50 are wrapped with cubic frame rubber sealing rings 56.
The rolling type workbench 3 comprises a workbench frame 30 and a workbench controller 31, a telescopic supporting column 32 is installed at the bottom of the workbench frame 30, and the workbench controller 31 is connected with the telescopic supporting column 32; the telescopic supporting column 32 comprises a sleeve 3201 fixedly mounted on the workbench frame 30, a lifting hydraulic cylinder 3202 is arranged in the sleeve 3201, a piston rod of the lifting hydraulic cylinder 3202 faces downwards, a roller 3203 is mounted at the bottom of the piston rod, and the top of the lifting hydraulic cylinder 3202 is fixed on the workbench frame 30.
The device is characterized by further comprising a PLC, wherein the PLC is respectively connected with the temperature sensor 58, the force sensor 53, the displacement sensor 54, the temperature controller, the acoustic emission acquisition controller 9, the display 8, the workbench controller 31, the lifting hydraulic cylinder 3202, and hydraulic driving mechanisms of the X-direction middle main stress loading mechanism 2, the Y-direction small main stress loading mechanism 4 and the Z-direction large main stress loading mechanism 1.
The test method of the true triaxial test system for simulating the influence of different temperatures of the deep rock mass comprises the following steps:
firstly, installing a rock sample 6 in a pressure container 5, and adjusting an X-direction middle main stress loading mechanism 2, a Y-direction small main stress loading mechanism 4 and a Z-direction large main stress loading mechanism 1 to ensure that three-way loading is carried out smoothly;
setting three-way initial stress of an X-direction middle main stress loading mechanism 2, a Y-direction small main stress loading mechanism 4 and a Z-direction large main stress loading mechanism 1 to a preset value;
thirdly, maintaining three-dimensional initial stress, controlling a heating resistance wire device 57 to heat through a temperature controller, and heating the rock sample 6 in the pressure container 5 to a preset temperature and maintaining the temperature;
when rock burst simulation is needed, suddenly unloading the Y-direction stress of one side surface in three-direction loading to form an empty surface, keeping the Z-direction loading stress to be increased step by step, if rock burst occurs on the empty surface, ending the experiment, otherwise, continuously increasing the Z-direction loading stress, keeping the stress until rock burst occurs, then recording information of acoustic emission, force, displacement and temperature, and analyzing a rock burst generation mechanism;
when hydraulic fracturing simulation is needed, loading the three-dimensional stress to a preset value and keeping the three-dimensional stress unchanged, injecting fracturing fluid into the hydraulic fracturing hole 7 in the Z direction through an injection well hole pump until the well hole pressure reaches the preset pressure and keeps the preset pressure, if the rock sample 6 is fractured, finishing the experiment, otherwise, continuously injecting the fracturing fluid to gradually increase the well hole pressure and keep the well hole pressure until the rock sample 6 is fractured by the hydraulic, stopping the experiment, recording information of acoustic emission, force, displacement and temperature, and analyzing a hydraulic fracturing fracture mechanism;
fifthly, the temperature of the rock sample 6 in the pressure container 5 is respectively heated to different temperatures by changing the heating temperature in the step III, and the steps I to IV are repeated to simulate the rock burst experiment or the hydraulic fracturing experiment of different depths.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the three-direction vertical and independently-controlled three-way loading system can be realized by arranging the X-direction middle main stress loading mechanism, the Y-direction small main stress loading mechanism and the Z-direction large main stress loading mechanism, and the three-way vertical and independently-controlled three-way loading system is also provided with the temperature sensor, the heating resistance wire device, the force sensor and the displacement sensor, so that the high-ground-pressure and high-ground-temperature environments of rock masses with different depths can be truly simulated, and the real-time and quantitative monitoring and analysis of the three-way force, displacement and the internal temperature of the pressure chamber in the test process can be realized;
2. the problem of eccentric loading can be solved by arranging the X-direction guide rail and the Y-direction guide rail to be movably mounted with the X-direction middle main stress loading mechanism and the Y-direction small main stress loading mechanism respectively;
3. the invention can also realize keeping the X-direction horizontal load unchanged, increasing the Z-direction vertical load, suddenly unloading the Y-direction horizontal load, simulating the deep rock mass rockburst process, reserving a fracturing fluid injection channel in the Z direction of the pressure container, simulating a hydraulic fracturing experiment and carrying out fracturing effect evaluation;
4. the rolling type workbench is arranged, so that the carrying difficulty of the instrument is greatly reduced, and the cost is saved; provides technical support for the development of deep rock mechanics.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the system architecture of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a partial sectional view of fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of the inner side of the loading plate.
Fig. 4 is a structural schematic diagram of the outer side surface of the loading plate.
Fig. 5 is a flow chart of a rock burst simulation experiment and a hydraulic fracture simulation experiment of the present invention.
The device comprises a Z-direction large main stress loading mechanism, an X-direction middle main stress loading mechanism, a rolling type workbench, a Y-direction small main stress loading mechanism, a pressure container, a rock sample, a hydraulic fracturing hole, a display, a sound emission acquisition controller, a pressure container, a rock sample, a hydraulic fracturing hole, a sound emission acquisition controller and a sound emission acquisition controller, wherein the Z-direction large main stress loading mechanism is 1, the X-direction middle main stress loading mechanism is 2, the rolling type workbench is;
10. a Z-direction positioning ring, 11 and Z-direction counterforce steel frames, 12 and Z-direction vertical supporting columns, 13 and Z-direction loading hydraulic cylinders, 14 and T-shaped dowel bars; 20. an X-direction loading hydraulic cylinder, 21 and X-direction positioning rings, 22 and X-direction loading frames, and 23 and X-direction sliding balls; 30. a workbench frame 31, a workbench controller 32, a telescopic supporting column 3201, a sleeve 3202, a lifting hydraulic cylinder 3203 and a roller;
50. the device comprises a pressure container frame 51, an expandable flexible membrane assembly 52, a loading plate 5201, an outer side surface 5202, a guide groove 5203, an inner side surface 53, a force sensor 54, a displacement sensor 55, a universal dowel bar 5501, a universal ball disc 5502, an inner pressure block 5503, an outer pressure block 56, a cubic frame rubber seal ring 57, a heating resistance wire device 58, a temperature sensor 59 and an acoustic emission probe; 61. holes are reserved.
Detailed Description
The invention takes the side close to the rock sample 6 as the inside, and vice versa.
As shown in figures 1 and 2, a true triaxial test system for simulating the influence of different temperatures of a deep rock body comprises a rolling type workbench 3, wherein an X-direction guide rail and a Y-direction guide rail which are perpendicular to each other and crossed are arranged on the upper surface of the rolling type workbench 3, the X-direction guide rail and the Y-direction guide rail are respectively two parallel X rails (not shown in the figures) and two parallel Y rails (not shown in the figures), two X-direction middle main stress loading mechanisms 2 which are symmetrically arranged are movably mounted on the X-direction guide rail, two Y-direction small main stress loading mechanisms 4 which are symmetrically arranged are movably mounted on the Y-direction guide rail, pressure containers 5 with rock samples 6 placed in the two X-direction middle main stress loading mechanisms 2 and the two Y-direction small main stress loading mechanisms 4 are arranged at the symmetrical centers, Z-direction large main stress loading mechanisms 1 are respectively arranged on the upper side and the lower side of each pressure container 5, and X-direction middle stress, The Y-direction small main stress loading mechanism 4 and the Z-direction large main stress loading mechanism 1 are respectively used for applying stress in an X-direction, a Y-direction and a Z-direction to the rock sample 6 through the pressure container 5, wherein the X-direction, the Y-direction and the Z-direction are the left-right direction, the front-back direction and the up-down direction of the rock sample 6, the inner side surfaces of the X-direction middle main stress loading mechanism 2, the Y-direction small main stress loading mechanism 4 and the Z-direction large main stress loading mechanism 1 are respectively embedded with a temperature sensor 58, a force sensor 53 and a displacement sensor 54, probes of the temperature sensor 58, the force sensor 53 and the displacement sensor 54 extend into the pressure container 5, and the temperature sensor 58 is connected with a temperature controller (not shown) and used for detecting three-direction force, displacement and temperature in the pressure container 5 in the test process.
The pressure container 5 comprises a loading plate 52 of which the inner side surface contacts a rock sample 6, the loading plate 52 is 6 pieces and is respectively installed on six surfaces of a pressure container frame 50, a vertical preformed hole 61 is arranged in the upper section of the rock sample 6, a hydraulic fracturing hole 7 matched with the preformed hole 61 is formed in the center of the Z-direction top surface of the loading plate 52, the preformed hole 61 and the hydraulic fracturing hole 7 are located on the same horizontal line, a heating resistance wire device 57 is arranged on the inner side surface 5203 of the loading plate 52, as shown in fig. 3, data wires of the heating resistance wire device 57 extend outwards and are arranged on the outer side surface 5201 of the loading plate 52 and extend outwards, and the extending end of the data wires is externally connected with a temperature controller (not shown in the figure) through a transmission line. The heating resistance wire means 57 described above is arranged in a spiral on the inner side 72 of the loading plate 52 for heating the rock sample 6.
As shown in fig. 1, four Z-direction vertical supporting columns 12 are installed in the middle of the rolling type workbench 3, the four Z-direction vertical supporting columns 12 are arranged into a rectangular frame, and the upper and lower Z-direction large main stress loading mechanisms 1 are respectively installed on the Z-direction vertical supporting columns 12. The pressure container 5 is hung at the center of the three-way loading mechanism and used for carrying out mechanical experiments on the rock sample 6, and the periphery of the upper part of the pressure container 5 is hung on a Z-direction vertical supporting column 12 of the Z-direction large main stress loading mechanism 1 through a rope.
The rigidity of the Z-direction large main stress loading mechanism 1 is 6GN/m, and the maximum output stress is 1500 Mpa; the rigidity of the X-direction middle main stress loading mechanism 2 is 6GN/m, and the maximum output stress is 1200 Mpa; the rigidity of the Y-direction small main stress loading mechanism 4 is 6GN/m, and the maximum output stress is 800 MPa. The Y-direction small main stress loading mechanism 4 can realize single-side sudden unloading, exposes the side face of a rock mass test piece, and when a large amount of elastic strain energy gathered by the rock mass exceeds a certain critical value, rock debris can be popped out at a high speed on an empty face, and the elastic strain energy gathered in the rock mass is released in the forms of kinetic energy, heat energy and crushing energy to form rock burst.
In order to monitor the acoustic signals released in the process of breaking the rock sample 6 in real time, as shown in fig. 3 and 4, an acoustic emission probe 59 is arranged on the inner side 5203 of the loading plate 52, a data line of the acoustic emission probe 59 extends outwards and is arranged on the outer side 5201 of the loading plate 52 and extends outwards, and the extending end of the acoustic emission probe is externally connected with an acoustic emission acquisition controller 9 and a display 8 through a transmission line. Each inner side 5203 of the load plate 52 has 9 probe acoustic emission probes 59, totaling 54 channels, as shown in fig. 3-4. Guide grooves 5202 are distributed on the outer side surfaces 5201 of the loading plate 52, each outer side surface 5201 is provided with 6 guide grooves 5202 which are 3 transverse 3 vertical orthogonal, and the data line connected with the acoustic emission probe 59 is embedded in the guide groove 5202 and is led out to the transmission line, as shown in fig. 4.
Further, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the X-direction central main stress loading mechanism 2 includes an X-direction loading frame 22, an X-direction positioning ring 21 is mounted on an inner side surface of the X-direction loading frame 22 in the X direction, an X-direction loading hydraulic cylinder 20 is mounted on an inner side of the X-direction positioning ring 21, a dowel (not shown in the drawings) abuts against an inner side of the X-direction loading hydraulic cylinder 20, and the loading plate 52 is disposed on an inner side of the dowel; the structure of the Y-direction small main stress loading mechanism 4 and the structure of the Z-direction large main stress loading mechanism 1 are the same as the structure of the X-direction middle main stress loading mechanism 2. Specifically, the Z-direction large principal stress loading mechanism 1 includes a Z-direction reaction steel frame 11, a Z-direction positioning ring 10 is mounted below the middle portion of the Z-direction reaction steel frame 11, a Z-direction loading hydraulic cylinder 13 is mounted on the inner side surface of the Z-direction positioning ring 10, a dowel bar is tightly supported on the inner side of the Z-direction loading hydraulic cylinder 13, and the loading plate 52 is disposed on the inner side of the dowel bar; the structure of the Y-direction small main stress loading mechanism 4 is the same as that of the X-direction middle main stress loading mechanism 2, and is not described herein again.
Furthermore, the dowel bar is composed of a universal dowel bar 55 and a T-shaped dowel bar 14 which are arranged in sequence from the outer side to the inner side, the inner side of the T-shaped dowel bar 14 is in contact with the loading plate 52, the outer side of the universal dowel bar 55 is in contact with the inner side of the X-direction loading hydraulic cylinder 20, and the inner side of the universal dowel bar 55 is in contact with the outer side of the T-shaped dowel bar 14. Such a configuration facilitates application of external forces to the load plate 52.
Furthermore, universal dowel steel 55 includes outer briquetting 5503, interior briquetting 5502 and universal ball dish 5501, and universal ball dish 5501 sets up between outer briquetting 5503, interior briquetting 5502, offered the draw-in groove that is used for holding universal ball dish 5501 on the medial surface of outer briquetting 5503 and the lateral surface of interior briquetting 5502 respectively, be convenient for exert multi-directional power. The universal ball disc 5501 is used for transferring load and can adjust the force transfer direction, and the structure thereof is the prior art.
In order to facilitate the arrangement of the loading frame, the loading frame can be freely supported on the rolling type workbench 3 in a sliding manner so as to overcome the loading eccentricity problem, sliding balls are respectively installed on the X-direction guide rail and the Y-direction guide rail in a sliding manner and comprise X-direction sliding balls 23 arranged below the X-direction middle main stress loading mechanism 2, sliding grooves (not shown in the figure) are formed in the bottom surfaces of the X-direction middle main stress loading mechanism 2 and the Y-direction small main stress loading mechanism 4, and the upper section of each sliding ball is installed in each sliding groove. The X-direction middle main stress loading mechanism 2 and the Y-direction small main stress loading mechanism 4 respectively realize free sliding on an X-direction guide rail or a Y-direction guide rail through sliding balls. The X-direction middle main stress loading mechanism 2 and the Y-direction small main stress loading mechanism 4 can realize single-side sudden unloading to expose the side face of the rock mass test piece. The structure of the movable loading frame structure is used, synchronous deformation compensation is realized by means of the reaction principle, the eccentric problem of the test piece in the middle of the loading process is solved, and the precision of an experimental test result is improved.
Further, the pressure vessel 5 includes a pressure vessel frame 50 in a square shape, the pressure vessel frame 50 is made of metal, the loading plates 52 are respectively installed on six surfaces of the pressure vessel frame 50, the outer of the loading plates 52 is wrapped with an expandable flexible membrane assembly 51 for sealing and heat insulation, corners of the pressure vessel frame 50 are wrapped with cubic frame rubber sealing rings 56, and the cubic frame rubber sealing rings 56 are used for wrapping 12 edges of the rock sample 6. The probes of the temperature sensor 58, the force sensor 53 and the displacement sensor 54 sequentially penetrate through the expandable flexible membrane assembly 51 and the loading plate 52 from outside to inside to extend into the pressure vessel 5 to contact the rock sample 6, as shown in fig. 2. The cubic frame rubber seal ring 56 is resistant to high temperature and high pressure, and has the functions of heat insulation and sealing.
In order to facilitate the up-and-down movement of the rolling type workbench 3, the rolling type workbench 3 comprises a workbench frame 30 and a workbench controller 31, a telescopic supporting column 32 is installed at the bottom of the workbench frame 30, the workbench controller 31 is connected with the telescopic supporting column 32, and the workbench controller 31 is used for controlling the up-and-down stretching of the telescopic supporting column 32.
Preferably, as shown in fig. 1, the telescopic supporting column 32 includes a sleeve 3201 fixedly mounted on the worktable frame 30, a lifting hydraulic cylinder 3202 is disposed in the sleeve 3201, a piston rod of the lifting hydraulic cylinder 3202 faces downward, a roller 3203 is mounted at the bottom of the piston rod, the roller 3203 is integrally located in the sleeve 3201, and the top of the lifting hydraulic cylinder 3202 is fixed on the worktable frame 30. The hydraulic cylinder 3202 is controlled by a motor, the motor is electrically connected to the table controller 31, and the table controller 31 controls the elevation of the hydraulic cylinder 3202. When hydraulic cylinder 3202 extends, sleeve 3201 is away from the ground and rollers 3203 are supported on the ground.
The invention also comprises a PLC which is respectively connected with the temperature sensor 58, the force sensor 53, the displacement sensor 54, the temperature controller, the acoustic emission acquisition controller 9, the display 8, the workbench controller 31, the lifting hydraulic cylinder 3202, and the hydraulic driving mechanisms of the X-direction middle main stress loading mechanism 2, the Y-direction small main stress loading mechanism 4 and the Z-direction large main stress loading mechanism 1. The hydraulic driving mechanisms of the X-direction middle main stress loading mechanism 2, the Y-direction small main stress loading mechanism 4 and the Z-direction large main stress loading mechanism 1 are respectively corresponding loading hydraulic cylinders, for example, the hydraulic driving mechanism of the Z-direction large main stress loading mechanism 1 is a Z-direction loading hydraulic cylinder 13.
The installation steps of the pressure vessel 5 are as follows:
firstly, placing a rock sample 6 at the center of a pressure container 5, wherein the size of the rock sample 6 is a cubic test piece of 100mm multiplied by 100 mm;
secondly, mounting 6 loading plates 52 which are provided with acoustic emission probes 59 and heating resistance wire devices 57 on six surfaces of the pressure vessel 5;
thirdly, a cubic frame rubber sealing ring 56 is arranged and wrapped in the space between the loading plate 52 and the pressure container 5 to wrap 12 edges of the rock sample 6, and the rubber sealing ring is resistant to high temperature and high pressure and has the functions of heat insulation and sealing;
fourthly, leading the data line on the loading plate 52 arranged on the 6 surfaces out of the pressure container 5 through the guide slot 5202, and hoisting the pressure container 5 to the central position of the three-way loading mechanism through the hoisting system;
fifthly, adjusting the loading mechanisms in the X direction, the Y direction and the Z direction to ensure that the pressure container 5 is at the symmetrical center position.
The invention also provides a test method of the true triaxial test system under the influence of different temperatures of the simulated deep rock mass, as shown in figure 5, the test method comprises the following steps:
firstly, installing a rock sample 6 in a pressure container 5, and adjusting an X-direction middle main stress loading mechanism 2, a Y-direction small main stress loading mechanism 4 and a Z-direction large main stress loading mechanism 1 to ensure that three-way loading is carried out smoothly;
setting three-way initial stress of an X-direction middle main stress loading mechanism 2, a Y-direction small main stress loading mechanism 4 and a Z-direction large main stress loading mechanism 1 to a preset value;
thirdly, maintaining three-dimensional initial stress, controlling a heating resistance wire device 57 to heat through a temperature controller, and heating the rock sample 6 in the pressure container 5 to a preset temperature and maintaining the temperature;
when rock burst simulation is needed, suddenly unloading the Y-direction stress of one side surface in three-direction loading to form an empty surface, keeping the Z-direction loading stress to be increased step by step, if rock burst occurs on the empty surface, ending the experiment, otherwise, continuously increasing the Z-direction loading stress, keeping the stress until rock burst occurs, then recording information of acoustic emission, force, displacement and temperature, and analyzing a rock burst generation mechanism;
when hydraulic fracturing simulation is needed, loading the three-dimensional stress to a preset value and keeping the three-dimensional stress unchanged, injecting fracturing fluid into the hydraulic fracturing hole 7 in the Z direction through an injection well hole pump until the well hole pressure reaches the preset pressure and keeps the preset pressure, if the rock sample 6 is fractured, finishing the experiment, otherwise, continuously injecting the fracturing fluid to gradually increase the well hole pressure and keep the well hole pressure until the rock sample 6 is fractured by the hydraulic, stopping the experiment, recording information of acoustic emission, force, displacement and temperature, and analyzing a hydraulic fracturing fracture mechanism;
fifthly, the temperature of the rock sample 6 in the pressure container 5 is respectively heated to different temperatures by changing the heating temperature in the step III, and the steps I to IV are repeated to simulate the rock burst experiment or the hydraulic fracturing experiment of different depths.
The test method of the true triaxial test system for simulating the influence of different temperatures of the deep rock mass comprises a rock burst test scheme with different temperatures under a true triaxial condition and a hydraulic fracturing test scheme with different temperatures under the true triaxial condition, and the specific method comprises the following steps:
(1) the rock burst experimental scheme of different temperatures under the true triaxial condition is as follows:
firstly, installing a rock sample 6 and adjusting a three-way loading frame, wherein the three-way loading frame is divided into an X-direction middle main stress loading mechanism 2, a Y-direction small main stress loading mechanism 4 and a Z-direction large main stress loading mechanism 1;
setting three-dimensional initial stress as 1Mpa, 1Mpa and 1 Mpa;
thirdly, maintaining the three-dimensional initial stress for 3 minutes, and heating the rock sample 6 in the pressure chamber to 15 ℃ (equivalent to 500m underground) through a temperature controller 58 and maintaining;
fourthly, loading the middle main stress in the X direction to 60Mpa, loading the small main stress in the Y direction to 30Mpa and loading the large main stress in the Z direction to 60 Mpa;
keeping the X-direction middle main stress 60MPa and the Y-direction small main stress 30MPa unchanged, suddenly unloading the loading of the Y-direction side, keeping the Z-direction large main stress increased step by step, increasing each step by 15MPa to 75MPa, and keeping for 3 minutes;
sixthly, if the rock burst happens to the face of the blank, ending the experiment, otherwise, increasing the Z-direction large main stress by 15MPa to 90MPa again, and keeping for 3 minutes;
seventhly, rock burst occurs, information such as acoustic emission, force, displacement, temperature and the like is recorded, and a rock burst generation mechanism is analyzed;
respectively heating the rock sample 6 in the pressure chamber to 30 ℃ (underground 1000 m), 45 ℃ (underground 1500 m), 60 ℃ (underground 2000 m), 75 ℃ (underground 2500 m), and 90 ℃ (underground 3000 m), and repeating the steps of (i) - (c) to (ii) to (iii) to develop rock burst experimental studies of different depths.
(2) Different temperature hydraulic fracturing experimental schemes under true triaxial condition:
firstly, installing a rock sample 6 and adjusting a three-way loading frame, inserting the rock sample 6 into a hydraulic fracturing hole 7 of a well through an injection pipe, sealing the hydraulic fracturing hole, connecting the hydraulic fracturing hole 7 with a fracturing fluid pump injection system, and injecting fracturing fluid into the hydraulic fracturing hole 7 and a preformed hole 61 through the fracturing fluid pump injection system, wherein the fracturing fluid pump injection system is mature in the prior art and is not described again;
② setting three-dimensional initial stress to 1Mpa, 1Mpa and 1Mpa respectively;
thirdly, maintaining the three-dimensional initial stress for 3 minutes, and heating the rock sample 6 in the pressure chamber to 15 ℃ (500 m underground) through a temperature controller 58 and maintaining;
fourthly, loading the middle main stress in the X direction to 60Mpa, loading the small main stress in the Y direction to 30Mpa and loading the large main stress in the Z direction to 90 Mpa;
keeping the main stress in the X direction, the Y direction and the Z direction unchanged, injecting fracturing fluid into the Z direction through a hydraulic fracturing hole 7 pump of an injection well, and keeping for 3 minutes when the well pressure reaches 10 Mpa;
sixthly, if the rock sample 6 is fractured, ending the experiment, otherwise, continuously injecting the fracturing fluid, increasing the pressure to 10MPa for each stage, increasing the pressure to 20MPa, and keeping the pressure for 3 minutes;
and seventhly, stopping the experiment until the rock sample 6 is fractured by the hydraulic power. Recording information such as acoustic emission, force, displacement, temperature and the like, and analyzing a hydraulic fracturing mechanism;
respectively heating the rock sample 6 in the pressure chamber to 30 ℃ (underground 1000 m), 45 ℃ (underground 1500 m), 60 ℃ (underground 2000 m), 75 ℃ (underground 2500 m), and 90 ℃ (underground 3000 m), repeating the steps of (i) - (c) and (ii) developing hydraulic fracturing experimental studies of different depths, and further evaluating the effect of the rock mass fracturing net.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various changes and modifications can be made without departing from the overall concept of the invention, and these should be considered as the protection scope of the present invention, which will not affect the effect of the implementation of the present invention and the practicability of the patent.
Claims (10)
1. True triaxial test system under the different temperature influence of simulation deep rock mass, its characterized in that: the device comprises a rolling type workbench (3), wherein an X-direction guide rail and a Y-direction guide rail which are mutually vertical and crossed are arranged on the upper surface of the rolling type workbench (3), two X-direction middle main stress loading mechanisms (2) which are symmetrically arranged are movably arranged on the X-direction guide rail, two Y-direction small main stress loading mechanisms (4) which are symmetrically arranged are movably arranged on the Y-direction guide rail, pressure containers (5) with internal rock samples (6) are arranged at the symmetrical centers of the two X-direction middle main stress loading mechanisms (2) and the two Y-direction small main stress loading mechanisms (4), the upper side and the lower side of each pressure container (5) are respectively provided with a Z-direction large main stress loading mechanism (1), and the X-direction two-way two, The stress in the Y direction and the stress in the Z direction are bidirectional, the inner side surfaces of the X-direction middle main stress loading mechanism (2), the Y-direction small main stress loading mechanism (4) and the Z-direction large main stress loading mechanism (1) are respectively embedded with a temperature sensor (58), a force sensor (53) and a displacement sensor (54), probes of the temperature sensor (58), the force sensor (53) and the displacement sensor (54) extend into the pressure container (5), and the temperature sensor (58) is connected with a temperature controller;
the pressure container (5) comprises a loading plate (52) of which the inner side surface is in contact with a rock sample (6), wherein a vertical preformed hole (61) is formed in the upper section of the rock sample (6), a hydraulic fracturing hole (7) matched with the preformed hole (61) is formed in the center of the Z-direction top surface of the loading plate (52), a heating resistance wire device (57) is distributed on the inner side surface (5203) of the loading plate (52), the data wire of the heating resistance wire device (57) extends outwards and is distributed on the outer side surface (5201) of the loading plate (52) and extends outwards, and the extending end of the data wire is externally connected with a temperature controller through a transmission line.
2. The true triaxial test system for simulating deep rock mass under different temperature influences according to claim 1, wherein: an acoustic emission probe (59) is arranged on the inner side surface (5203) of the loading plate (52), a data line of the acoustic emission probe (59) extends outwards and is arranged on the outer side surface (5201) of the loading plate (52) and extends outwards, and an extending end of the acoustic emission probe is externally connected with an acoustic emission acquisition controller (9) and a display (8) through a transmission line.
3. The true triaxial test system for simulating deep rock mass under different temperature influences according to claim 1, wherein: the X-direction middle main stress loading mechanism (2) comprises an X-direction loading frame (22), an X-direction positioning ring (21) is installed on the inner side surface of the X-direction loading frame (22) in the X direction, an X-direction loading hydraulic cylinder (20) is installed on the inner side of the X-direction positioning ring (21), a dowel bar is tightly propped against the inner side of the X-direction loading hydraulic cylinder (20), and a loading plate (52) is arranged on the inner side of the dowel bar; the Y-direction small main stress loading mechanism (4) and the Z-direction large main stress loading mechanism (1) are the same in structure as the X-direction middle main stress loading mechanism (2).
4. The true triaxial test system for simulating deep rock mass under different temperature influences according to claim 3, wherein: the dowel bar is composed of a universal dowel bar (55) and a T-shaped dowel bar (14) which are sequentially arranged from the outer side to the inner side, the inner side face of the T-shaped dowel bar (14) is in contact with a loading plate (52), the outer side face of the universal dowel bar (55) is in contact with the inner side face of an X-direction loading hydraulic cylinder (20), and the inner side face of the universal dowel bar (55) is in contact with the outer side face of the T-shaped dowel bar (14).
5. The true triaxial test system for simulating deep rock mass under different temperature influences according to claim 4, wherein: universal dowel steel (55) are including outer briquetting (5503), interior briquetting (5502) and universal ball dish (5501), and universal ball dish (5501) set up between outer briquetting (5503), interior briquetting (5502), offer the draw-in groove that is used for holding universal ball dish (5501) on the medial surface of outer briquetting (5503) and the lateral surface of interior briquetting (5502) respectively.
6. The true triaxial test system for simulating deep rock mass under different temperature influences according to claim 1, wherein: the X-direction guide rail and the Y-direction guide rail are respectively provided with sliding balls in a sliding mode, sliding grooves are formed in the bottom surfaces of the X-direction middle main stress loading mechanism (2) and the Y-direction small main stress loading mechanism (4), and the upper section of each sliding ball is installed in each sliding groove.
7. The true triaxial test system for simulating deep rock mass under different temperature influences according to claim 1, wherein: the pressure vessel (5) comprises a pressure vessel frame (50) in a square shape, the loading plates (52) are respectively installed on six surfaces of the pressure vessel frame (50), the outer portion of each loading plate (52) is wrapped with an expandable flexible membrane assembly (51) used for sealing and heat preservation, and the corners of the pressure vessel frame (50) are wrapped with a cubic frame rubber sealing ring (56).
8. The true triaxial test system for simulating the influence of different temperatures on a deep rock mass according to claim 2, wherein: the rolling type workbench (3) comprises a workbench frame (30) and a workbench controller (31), a telescopic supporting column (32) is installed at the bottom of the workbench frame (30), and the workbench controller (31) is connected with the telescopic supporting column (32); the telescopic supporting column (32) comprises a sleeve (3201) fixedly mounted on the workbench frame (30), a lifting hydraulic cylinder (3202) is arranged in the sleeve (3201), a piston rod of the lifting hydraulic cylinder (3202) faces downwards, a roller (3203) is mounted at the bottom of the piston rod, and the top of the lifting hydraulic cylinder (3202) is fixed on the workbench frame (30).
9. The true triaxial test system for simulating deep rock mass under different temperature influences according to claim 8, wherein: the device is characterized by further comprising a PLC (programmable logic controller), wherein the PLC is respectively connected with the temperature sensor (58), the force sensor (53), the displacement sensor (54), the temperature controller, the acoustic emission acquisition controller (9), the display (8), the workbench controller (31), the lifting hydraulic cylinder (3202), the X-direction middle main stress loading mechanism (2), the Y-direction small main stress loading mechanism (4) and the Z-direction large main stress loading mechanism (1) through hydraulic driving mechanisms.
10. A test method for simulating a true triaxial test system under the influence of different temperatures of a deep rock mass according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein: the method comprises the following steps:
firstly, installing a rock sample (6) in a pressure container (5), and adjusting an X-direction middle main stress loading mechanism (2), a Y-direction small main stress loading mechanism (4) and a Z-direction large main stress loading mechanism (1) to ensure smooth three-way loading;
setting three-way initial stress of an X-direction middle main stress loading mechanism (2), a Y-direction small main stress loading mechanism (4) and a Z-direction large main stress loading mechanism (1) to a preset value;
thirdly, three-dimensional initial stress is kept, the heating resistance wire device (57) is controlled by the temperature controller to heat, and the rock sample (6) in the pressure container (5) is heated to a preset temperature and kept;
when rock burst simulation is needed, suddenly unloading the Y-direction stress of one side surface in three-direction loading to form an empty surface, keeping the Z-direction loading stress to be increased step by step, if rock burst occurs on the empty surface, ending the experiment, otherwise, continuously increasing the Z-direction loading stress, keeping the stress until rock burst occurs, then recording information of acoustic emission, force, displacement and temperature, and analyzing a rock burst generation mechanism;
when hydraulic fracturing simulation is needed, loading three-way stress to a preset value and keeping the three-way stress unchanged, injecting fracturing fluid into a hydraulic fracturing hole (7) in the Z direction through an injection well hole pump until the well hole pressure reaches the preset pressure and keeps the preset pressure, if a rock sample (6) is fractured, ending the experiment, otherwise, continuously injecting the fracturing fluid to gradually increase the well hole pressure and keep the well hole pressure until the rock sample (6) is fractured by the hydraulic, stopping the experiment, recording information of acoustic emission, force, displacement and temperature, and analyzing a hydraulic fracturing fracture mechanism;
fifthly, the temperature of the rock sample (6) in the pressure container (5) is respectively heated to different temperatures by changing the heating temperature in the third step, and the third step and the fourth step are repeated to simulate rock burst experiments or hydraulic fracturing experiments at different depths.
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| CN116124606A (en) * | 2023-03-02 | 2023-05-16 | 深圳大学 | Deep-ground deep space deep sea rock physical mechanical testing cavity and three-dimensional multi-field information sensing cabin |
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