CN106289977B - Bolt concrete tensile test device and test method - Google Patents
Bolt concrete tensile test device and test method Download PDFInfo
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- CN106289977B CN106289977B CN201610673854.5A CN201610673854A CN106289977B CN 106289977 B CN106289977 B CN 106289977B CN 201610673854 A CN201610673854 A CN 201610673854A CN 106289977 B CN106289977 B CN 106289977B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/286—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q involving mechanical work, e.g. chopping, disintegrating, compacting, homogenising
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/32—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying repeated or pulsating forces
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/286—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q involving mechanical work, e.g. chopping, disintegrating, compacting, homogenising
- G01N2001/2873—Cutting or cleaving
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0001—Type of application of the stress
- G01N2203/0005—Repeated or cyclic
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0016—Tensile or compressive
- G01N2203/0017—Tensile
Abstract
The invention discloses a bolt concrete tensile test device and a test method, wherein the test device comprises a base and a measuring positioning piece, the base comprises an upper end plate (1) and a lower end plate (2) which are parallel, a connecting piece (4) is vertically connected between the upper end plate (1) and the lower end plate (2), a cavity (3) is arranged in the connecting piece (4), through holes are formed in the upper end plate (1) and the lower end plate (2), and the through holes are communicated with the cavity (3); the measuring and positioning piece (5) is provided with a plane (6), the length of the plane (6) is more than or equal to that of the lower end plate (2), and the center of the plane (6) is provided with a hole. In the tensile test, the stud (9) is placed in the cavity (3) and filled with concrete, and then the tensile test is performed. The method can evaluate and test the tensile property of the stud concrete system under different parameter conditions, and lays a foundation for further researching the failure mechanism of the stud concrete.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a tensile test under a stud and concrete action system, and belongs to the field of mechanical property detection.
Background
The stud (cylindrical head welding nail for arc stud welding) is used as the most common connecting piece in the field of engineering construction at present, and is well known to the engineering technical personnel due to the characteristics of convenient construction and low manufacturing cost. Currently, the study on the stud mainly focuses on the use of the stud as a shear connector, and the shear resistance and failure mechanism of the stud are analyzed, while the tensile property is only limited to the stud itself, and the specific working environment is ignored, i.e. the stud usually interacts with concrete.
With the gradual popularization of prefabricated structures in the building industry in China, the design of concrete prefabricated parts is more and more complex, and the design of the concrete prefabricated parts relates to an action system of a bolt serving as a connecting piece and concrete, so that the mechanical property analysis of the bolt serving as the connecting piece when the bolt acts on the concrete needs to be considered, such as the action on the concrete with different strength grades, the action on concrete structures with different sections, such as the action on different bolts with heads or optical heads or threads and the like, strict tests need to be carried out, the burial depth of the bolt, the ratio of the bolt section to the concrete section and other variables need to be considered in the tests, and the existing testing devices and methods do not relate to the problems.
Chinese patent CN203606214U (2014.05.21) discloses a clamping device for tensile test of welding stud, which fixes the stud on a test piece by welding, and then clamps the test piece by a pressing plate and a bottom plate, thereby completing the tensile process.
Chinese patent CN103234814B (2015.09.30) discloses a stud welding tensile test fixture and a stretching method thereof, wherein the upper part of a stud is fixed by a clamping notch, and the lower part of the stud is fixed by a steel plate, thereby completing the stretching process.
Chinese patent CN201765073U (2011.03.16) discloses a stud detection device, which realizes the tensile detection of a stud through a wedge, a screw and upper and lower loading heads.
Therefore, the tensile stress is also a factor causing the failure of the connecting structure, so that the design of a set of tensile test device and test method suitable for the stud and concrete structure is necessary for researching the failure mechanism of the stud and concrete structure.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: the device and the method for testing the elongation of the stud concrete are provided, the elongation of the stud concrete system under different parameter conditions (such as different cavity sections, different concrete strength grades, different ratios of the stud sections to the concrete sections, different stud burial depths and the like) is evaluated and tested, and the failure mechanism of the stud concrete is further researched.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a stud concrete tensile test device comprises a base and a measuring positioning piece, wherein the base comprises an upper end plate and a lower end plate which are parallel, a connecting piece is vertically connected between the upper end plate and the lower end plate, a cavity is arranged in the connecting piece, through holes are formed in the upper end plate and the lower end plate, and the through holes are communicated with the cavity; the measuring and positioning piece is provided with a plane, the length of the plane is greater than or equal to that of the lower end plate, and the center of the plane is provided with a hole.
The outer profiles of the cross sections of the upper end plate and the lower end plate are regular polygons.
The connecting piece is a combination body, namely an upper combined part and a lower combined part which are connected through threads or pins and the like.
The outer contour of the cross section of the connecting piece is circular or regular polygon.
Furthermore, the cross section of the connecting piece is a variable section or an equal section, and the wall thickness of the connecting piece is a fixed value or a non-fixed value.
The cavity is a cavity with equal cross section penetrating through the upper end face and the lower end face of the connecting piece, and the cross section is circular or regular polygon.
Further, the cavity is a variable cross-section cavity.
The vertical section of the measuring and positioning piece is in a T shape, and the vertical edge of the measuring and positioning piece is provided with a connecting and fixing hole.
And a displacement meter is arranged between the upper surface of the lower end plate and the plane of the measuring and positioning piece.
The upper end plate and the lower end plate are connected with the connecting piece by welding.
A stud concrete tensile test method adopting the tensile test device comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a sample, namely inserting one end of a stud, which is adhered with a strain gauge, into a cavity through a through hole of an upper end plate, pouring concrete into the cavity until the upper surface of the concrete is flush with the upper surface of the upper end plate, enabling the other end of the stud to penetrate through a hole in the plane of a measuring positioning piece and be fixed with the hole, and symmetrically arranging two displacement meters between the plane and a lower end plate relative to the stud, wherein the axis of the stud is ensured to coincide with the central axes of the upper end plate, the lower end plate and the cavity in the whole process;
(2) loading, connecting the free end of the stud with an upper chuck of a universal tensile testing machine, and connecting a lower end plate with a lower chuck through a steel pipe;
(3) loading, repeatedly tensioning and loading the pin with the load of 1/4, 2/4 and 3/4 of the yield load of the pin in the elastic range, unloading for multiple times (for example, 3 times and 4 times, wherein the specific times can be adjusted according to the experimental design), and then tensioning until the pin is damaged.
(4) And (3) cutting the test sample, namely cutting the connecting piece (namely, cutting the outer wall of the connecting piece along the axial direction) and keeping the complete concrete structure in the cavity.
In the sample preparation step, the strain gauge comprises two sets of axial strain gauges and circumferential strain gauges, and the stud comprises a plain circle type and a thread type (namely, whether the rod part is provided with threads or not, and the non-thread type is the plain circle type).
In the sample preparation step, a series of combined samples with different ratios of the aperture of the through hole of the upper end plate to the diameter of the section of the cavity are selected.
The invention combines the stud with the concrete through the base, and obtains the tensile fracture numerical values of different types of studs (plain-round or threaded) under different conditions by changing the parameters such as the section shape of the cavity of the connecting piece, the diameter ratio of the through hole diameter of the upper end plate to the section of the cavity, the strength grade of the concrete, the embedding depth of the stud, the ratio of the section of the stud to the section of the concrete, the purchase depth of the stud and the like, thereby laying a foundation for further researching the fracture mechanism under a stud-concrete system and establishing a failure model.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a tensile testing apparatus according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a tensile testing apparatus in the case where the cross section of the connecting member is circular and the cross section of the cavity is circular according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is an exploded view of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a different form of peg construction;
fig. 5 and 6 are schematic views of different forms of connector and cavity structures.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1, a basic configuration diagram of the tensile testing apparatus of the present invention is shown, and the apparatus includes a base and a measuring positioning member 5, wherein the base includes an upper end plate 1 and a lower end plate 2 which are parallel, the upper end plate 1 and the lower end plate 2 are both rectangular thick steel plates with a through hole at the center, a connecting member 4 is vertically connected between the upper end plate 1 and the lower end plate 2, the connecting member 4 is a steel pipe, a cavity 3 in the connecting member 4 is communicated with the through holes on the upper end plate 1 and the lower end plate 2, and a thread is processed in the through hole of the lower end plate 2 (when stretching, a steel pipe or a steel bar with a thread at the end can be screwed in the through hole and then connected with a lower chuck of a stretcher); the measuring and positioning piece 5 is a steel component with an inverted T-shaped longitudinal section, the lower end face is a plane 6, the length of the plane 6 is equal to that of the lower end plate 2 (the length refers to the largest dimension in the three-dimensional dimensions of the structural piece), and a hole is formed in the center of the plane 6 and used for penetrating through the stud 9. A row of round holes which are symmetrical about the center are arranged on the vertical edge of the inverted T-shaped measuring and positioning piece 5.
As shown in fig. 2, the upper end plate 1, the steel pipe-shaped connecting piece 4 and the lower end plate 2 are welded to form a base, the shape is similar to a wire spool, and the central axis of the steel pipe-shaped connecting piece 4 is ensured to be coincident with the central lines of the upper end plate and the lower end plate. Bolt connecting holes are formed in the lower end plate 2 close to 4 end corner portions. When preparing a sample, selecting a smooth round or threaded stud 9, attaching axial and circumferential strain gauges 13 to the rod part of the stud 9, putting one end of the head part of the stud into a cavity 3 of a steel tube-shaped connecting piece 4 through a through hole of an upper end plate 1, pouring concrete into the cavity 3, enabling the upper plane of the concrete to be flush with the surface of the upper end plate 1, connecting a lower end plate 2 with the same size below the lower end plate by utilizing bolt holes and bolts at four end angles of the lower end plate 2 after solidification, and connecting a steel bar 10 with external threads by utilizing threads in the through hole of the lower end plate 2. A pair of displacement meters 8 are arranged on the upper surface of the lower end plate 2 and on two sides of the connecting piece 4, and a pair of C-shaped clamps 11 are adopted to clamp two coincident edges of the two lower end plates 2 without the displacement meters 8. The upper part of the stud 9 passes through a hole in the center of the plane 6 at the lower end of the measuring and positioning part 5 and is fixed by a fastener 12 matched with a bolt and a connecting and fixing hole 7 on a vertical edge, and the upper end and the lower end of the displacement meter 8 are respectively attached to the plane 6 of the measuring and positioning part 5 and the upper surface of the lower end plate 2 during fixing. The free end of the stud 9 is connected with the upper chuck of the tensile testing machine, and the steel bar 10 is connected with the lower chuck.
Different types of parameter combinations can be selected when preparing the test sample, including the following:
(1) different types of pegs 9, such as plain circular and threaded, as shown in fig. 4;
(2) the connecting piece 4 has different outer wall profiles (equal section or variable section) or different wall thicknesses, and the cavity 3 has different section shapes (equal section or variable section), as shown in fig. 5 and 6;
(3) the outer diameter of the upper end surface of the cavity 3 and the outer diameter of the central through hole of the upper end plate 1 are in different ratio series;
(4) the pegs 9 are inserted into the connecting piece 4 to different depths;
(5) the peg 9 has a series of different ratios of diameter to the smallest outer diameter of the connector 4.
(6) Different concrete strength grades.
The above parameters can be arbitrarily mixed and combined, such as (1) and (2), (5), (3) and (4), and the like.
In the stretching loading process, the bolt 9 is repeatedly tensioned and loaded and unloaded for a plurality of times (for example, 3 times and 4 times, and the specific times can be adjusted according to the experimental design) by 1/4, 2/4 and 3/4 of the yield load of the bolt 9 in the elastic range, and then the bolt is tensioned until the bolt is broken. The average value of the results detected by the two displacement meters 8 is used as the displacement value of the test. After the stretching, the connecting piece 4 is cut off, and the failure condition of the concrete in the cavity 3 is observed.
And obtaining data such as initial rigidity, yield strength, tensile strength, maximum displacement, failure mode and the like by designing different tensile test combinations, analyzing and modeling, and deducing and establishing a failure model of the stud and the concrete structure.
Claims (9)
1. The utility model provides a bolt concrete tensile test device which characterized in that: the measuring and positioning device comprises a base and a measuring and positioning part (5), wherein the base comprises an upper end plate (1) and a lower end plate (2) which are parallel, a connecting piece (4) is vertically connected between the upper end plate (1) and the lower end plate (2), and the upper end plate (1), the lower end plate (2) and the connecting piece (4) are connected by welding to form the base; a cavity (3) is arranged in the connecting piece (4), through holes are formed in the upper end plate (1) and the lower end plate (2) and communicated with the cavity (3), the lower part of the lower end plate (2) is connected with another lower end plate (2) with the same size through bolts, and a steel bar (10) with external threads is connected in the through hole of the lower end plate (2) below through threads; there is a plane (6) on measuring setting element (5), plane (6) length more than or equal to end plate (2) length down, plane (6) center is opened porosely.
2. The apparatus for testing the elongation of a stud concrete according to claim 1, wherein: the cross section outer contours of the upper end plate (1) and the lower end plate (2) are regular polygons.
3. The apparatus for testing the elongation of a stud concrete according to claim 1, wherein: the outer contour of the cross section of the connecting piece (4) is circular or regular polygon.
4. The stud concrete tensile test device of claim 1, characterized in that: the cavity (3) is a cavity with equal cross section penetrating through the upper end face and the lower end face of the connecting piece (4), and the cross section is circular or regular polygon.
5. The apparatus for testing the elongation of a stud concrete according to claim 1, wherein: the vertical section of the measuring and positioning piece (5) is in an inverted T shape, and a connecting and fixing hole (7) is formed in the vertical edge of the measuring and positioning piece.
6. The stud concrete tensile test device of claim 1, characterized in that: and a displacement meter (8) is arranged between the upper surface of the lower end plate (2) and the plane (6) of the measuring and positioning piece.
7. A method for a stud concrete tensile test using the tensile test apparatus of claim 6, characterized by comprising the steps of:
(1) preparing a sample, wherein one end of a stud (9) adhered with a strain gauge penetrates through a through hole of an upper end plate (1) and is inserted into a cavity (3), then concrete is poured into the cavity (3) until the upper surface of the concrete is flush with the upper surface of the upper end plate (1), the other end of the stud (9) penetrates through a hole in a plane (6) of a measuring positioning piece and is fixed with the hole, two displacement meters (8) are symmetrically arranged between the plane (6) and a lower end plate (2) relative to the stud (9), and the whole process ensures that the axis of the stud (9) coincides with the central axes of the upper end plate (1), the lower end plate (2) and the cavity (3);
(2) loading, namely connecting the free end of the stud (9) with an upper chuck of a universal tensile testing machine, and connecting the lower end plate (2) with a lower chuck through a steel pipe;
(3) loading, repeatedly tensioning and loading the pin (9) with loads of 1/4, 2/4 and 3/4 of the yield load of the pin (9) in an elastic range, unloading for multiple times, and then tensioning until the pin (9) is broken.
8. The method for the stud concrete tensile test according to claim 7, wherein: in the sample preparation step, the strain gauge comprises two axial and circumferential strain gauge groups, and the stud (9) comprises a plain circular type and a thread type.
9. The stud concrete tensile test method of claim 7, wherein: in the sample preparation step, a series of combined samples with different ratios of the aperture of the through hole of the upper end plate (1) to the diameter of the section of the cavity (3) are selected.
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| CN109187229B (en) * | 2018-10-31 | 2023-07-21 | 华北理工大学 | Stud pull shear test device and test method |
| CN114941315B (en) * | 2022-04-28 | 2023-06-02 | 南宁学院 | Portable roadbed compactness detection device and detection method thereof |
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