CN110537625A - 饲料添加剂、饲料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
饲料添加剂、饲料及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN110537625A CN110537625A CN201910871183.7A CN201910871183A CN110537625A CN 110537625 A CN110537625 A CN 110537625A CN 201910871183 A CN201910871183 A CN 201910871183A CN 110537625 A CN110537625 A CN 110537625A
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- parts
- feed
- vitamin
- sulfate
- feed additive
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
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- RECUKUPTGUEGMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N carvacrol Chemical compound CC(C)C1=CC=C(C)C(O)=C1 RECUKUPTGUEGMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- HHTWOMMSBMNRKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N carvacrol Natural products CC(=C)C1=CC=C(C)C(O)=C1 HHTWOMMSBMNRKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
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- KJPRLNWUNMBNBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cinnamic aldehyde Natural products O=CC=CC1=CC=CC=C1 KJPRLNWUNMBNBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
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- SQUHHTBVTRBESD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hexa-Ac-myo-Inositol Natural products CC(=O)OC1C(OC(C)=O)C(OC(C)=O)C(OC(C)=O)C(OC(C)=O)C1OC(C)=O SQUHHTBVTRBESD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
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- FDJOLVPMNUYSCM-WZHZPDAFSA-L cobalt(3+);[(2r,3s,4r,5s)-5-(5,6-dimethylbenzimidazol-1-yl)-4-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-3-yl] [(2r)-1-[3-[(1r,2r,3r,4z,7s,9z,12s,13s,14z,17s,18s,19r)-2,13,18-tris(2-amino-2-oxoethyl)-7,12,17-tris(3-amino-3-oxopropyl)-3,5,8,8,13,15,18,19-octamethyl-2 Chemical compound [Co+3].N#[C-].N([C@@H]([C@]1(C)[N-]\C([C@H]([C@@]1(CC(N)=O)C)CCC(N)=O)=C(\C)/C1=N/C([C@H]([C@@]1(CC(N)=O)C)CCC(N)=O)=C\C1=N\C([C@H](C1(C)C)CCC(N)=O)=C/1C)[C@@H]2CC(N)=O)=C\1[C@]2(C)CCC(=O)NC[C@@H](C)OP([O-])(=O)O[C@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@@H](N2C3=CC(C)=C(C)C=C3N=C2)O[C@@H]1CO FDJOLVPMNUYSCM-WZHZPDAFSA-L 0.000 claims description 7
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
- A23K10/22—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from fish
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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Abstract
本申请涉及一种饲料添加剂、饲料及其制备方法。以质量份数计,每100份的该饲料添加剂包括2份~3份的肉桂醛、1.8份~2.5份的香芹酚及0.3份~0.6份的大蒜油。上述饲料添加剂能够明显地提高罗非鱼免疫性能、提高抗链球菌的能力。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及动物饲料的技术领域,尤其是涉及一种饲料添加剂、饲料及其制备方法。
背景技术
我国是全球最大的罗非鱼生产国和出口国,罗非鱼养殖区域主要集中在广东、广西、海南、福建4省,以上4省总产量占全国产量的90%以上。罗非鱼一直以来以生长速度快、养殖周期短、食性杂、病害少、产量高等优点著称。但近些年罗非鱼的养殖过程暴露出越来越多的问题。链球菌病大面积爆发,各种饲养模式,各类种苗都有发病,并且处理控制也更难,甚至在做过水体消毒和生物调水等预防工作的池塘同样有发病。
目前,罗非鱼的饲料还不能较好的提高罗非鱼的免疫能力,增强罗非鱼的抗病能力。
发明内容
基于此,有必要提供一种提高罗非鱼的免疫能力的饲料添加剂。此外,还提供一种能够提高罗非鱼的免疫能力的饲料及其制备方法。
一种饲料添加剂,以质量份数计,每100份的所述饲料添加剂包括:
肉桂醛 2份~3份;
香芹酚 1.8份~2.5份;及
大蒜油 0.3份~0.6份。
上述饲料添加剂包括肉桂醛、香芹酚及大蒜油,三者协同作用,能够明显地提高罗非鱼免疫性能、提高抗链球菌的能力。
一种饲料,以质量份数计,所述饲料的原料包括:
一种饲料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
以质量份数计,将230份~290份的去皮豆粕、135份~165份的菜粕及160份~200份的玉米粉碎后,与54份~66份的鱼粉、45份~55份的脱酚棉籽蛋白粉、135份~165份的面粉及58份~72份的膨化大豆粉混合,得到混合物;
将所述混合物与13份~17份的磷酸二氢钙、4.5份~5.5份的维生素、4.5份~5.5份的微量元素及8份~11份的上述饲料添加剂混合,得到粉料;及
将所述粉料与22份~28份的鱼油及22份~28份的豆油混合,得到所述饲料。
上述饲料的制备方法简捷,易于规模化生产。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白,以下结合实施例,对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解,此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明,并不用于限定本发明。
一实施方式的饲料添加剂,以质量份数计,每100份的饲料添加剂包括:
肉桂醛 2份~3份;
香芹酚 1.8份~2.5份;及
大蒜油 0.3份~0.6份。
肉桂醛作为植物精油,其分子结构中存在一个与苯环共轭的亲核基团,易被细菌表面的亲水基吸附而穿入细胞壁,破坏细菌、真菌的细胞壁多糖结构,影响细胞膜脂质层的流动性,使细菌、真菌的细胞内容物外溢、细胞器损坏,从而发挥抑菌或杀菌效果。鱼类没有细胞壁结构,所以肉桂醛不会损害罗非鱼的细胞。进一步地,以质量份数计,肉桂醛的份数为2.5份~3份。
香芹酚对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌等常见病原菌有很好的抑制和杀灭作用,同时具有很强烈的辛香香气,对动物有很好的诱食作用。进一步地,以质量份数计,香芹酚的份数为2份~2.5份。
大蒜油具有抗病毒、广谱抗菌、提高动物机体免疫和消化能力的功效。进一步地,以质量份数计,大蒜油的份数为0.5份~0.6份。
在其中一个实施例中,以质量份数计,上述饲料添加剂还包括85份~95份的辅料。可以理解的是辅料可以是本领域常用的辅料。具体地,辅料选自玉米芯粉、玉米粉、小麦粉及麦芽糊精中的至少一种。
在其中一个实施例中,以质量份数计,上述饲料添加剂包括2.5份~3份的肉桂醛、2份~2.5份的香芹酚及0.5份~0.6份的大蒜油。
在其中一个实施例中,以质量份数计,上述饲料添加剂包括2.5份~3份的肉桂醛、2份~2.5份的香芹酚、0.5份~0.6份的大蒜油及90份~95份的玉米芯粉。
在其中一个实施例中,以质量份数计,每100份的上述饲料添加剂由2.5份的肉桂醛、2份的香芹酚、0.5份的大蒜油及95份的玉米粉组成。
一实施方式的饲料,以质量份数计,每1000份的饲料的原料包括:
具体地,鱼粉可选用进口鱼粉,也可以选择国产鱼粉。进一步地,鱼粉的份数为57份~63份。
进一步地,脱酚棉籽蛋白粉的份数为52份~48份。
进一步地,去皮豆粕的份数为250份~275份。
进一步地,菜粕的份数为140份~160份。
本实施方式中的面粉为高筋面粉,高筋面粉易于加工。进一步地,面粉的份数为95份~105份。
进一步地,玉米的份数为170份~185份。
在本实施方式中,膨化大豆为膨化大豆粉。进一步地,膨化大豆的份数为60份~65份。
磷酸二氢钙的作用是为罗非鱼提供生长所需钙、磷。进一步地,磷酸二氢钙的份数为14.5份~16份。
进一步地,鱼油的份数为24份~26.5份。
进一步地,豆油的份数为24份~26.5份。
进一步地,维生素的份数为4.8份~5.2份。
维生素包括维生素A、维生素D、维生素E、维生素K3、烟酸、核黄素、吡哆醇、硫胺素、泛酸钙、生物素、叶酸、维生素B12、抗坏血酸及肌醇中的至少两种。优选地,维生素包括维生素A、维生素D、维生素E、维生素K3、烟酸、核黄素、吡哆醇、硫胺素、泛酸钙、生物素、叶酸、维生素B12、抗坏血酸及肌醇。
在其中一个实施例中,每1000份的所述维生素包括0.3份~0.4份的维生素A、0.09份~0.12份的维生素D、1.8份~2.2份的维生素E、1.8份~2.2份的维生素K3、18份~22份的烟酸、3.5份~4.5份的核黄素、3.5份~4.5份的吡哆醇、9份~11份的硫胺素、0.015份~0.022份的泛酸钙、0.8份~1.1份的生物素、3.5份~4.5份的叶酸、18份~22份的维生素B12、18份~22份的抗坏血酸及815份~930份的肌醇。
进一步地,每1000份的维生素包括:0.32份~0.35份的维生素A、0.095份~0.1份的维生素D、1.9份~2.1份的维生素E、1.9份~2.1份的维生素K3、19份~21份的烟酸、3.5份~4份的核黄素、3.5份~4份的吡哆醇、9.5份~10份的硫胺素、0.015份~0.02份的泛酸钙、0.95份~1份的生物素、3.8~4份的叶酸、19份~20份的维生素B12、19份~20份的抗坏血酸及860份~910份的肌醇。
进一步地,微量元素的份数为4.8份~5.2份。
微量元素的原料包括氯化钠、硫酸镁、磷酸二氢钠、磷酸二氢钾、磷酸二氢钙、硫酸铁、乳酸钙、硫酸锌、硫酸锰、硫酸铜、硫酸钴及碘化钾中的至少一种。优选地,微量元素的原料包括氯化钠、硫酸镁、磷酸二氢钠、磷酸二氢钾、磷酸二氢钙、硫酸铁、乳酸钙、硫酸锌、硫酸锰、硫酸铜、硫酸钴及碘化钾。
在其中一个实施例中,每1000份的微量元素的原料包括9份~12份的氯化钠、135份~165份的硫酸镁、225份~275份的磷酸二氢钠、288份~352份的磷酸二氢钾、180份~220份的磷酸二氢钙、22份~28份的硫酸铁、31份~38份的乳酸钙、3份~4份的硫酸锌、1.5份~2份的硫酸锰、0.25份~0.3份的硫酸铜、0.0009份~0.011份的硫酸钴及0.027份~0.033份的碘化钾。
一实施方式的饲料的制备方法,包括步骤S110~S150:
步骤S110、以质量份数计,将230份~290份的去皮豆粕、135份~165份的菜粕及160份~200份的玉米粉碎后,与54份~66份的鱼粉、45份~55份的脱酚棉籽蛋白粉、135份~165份的面粉及58份~72份的膨化大豆粉混合,得到混合物。
具体地,在按上述配比配料后经过第一道混合机混合均匀,得到混合物。
在其中一个实施例中,在按上述配比配料后经过第一道混合机混合均匀的步骤之后,还包括将混合物超微粉碎,以使至95%以上的粉料过80目筛。将混合物超微粉碎至95%以上的粉料过80目筛,能够提高制得的饲料中的营养吸收率,利于提高提高罗非鱼的免疫能力,增强罗非鱼的抗病能力。当然,可以理解的是,在一些实施方式中,也可以将去皮豆粕、菜粕、玉米粉碎、鱼粉、棉籽蛋白粉、高筋面粉及膨化大豆粉的粒径分别先控制在80目以下,然后在将去皮豆粕、菜粕、玉米粉碎、鱼粉、棉籽蛋白粉、高筋面粉及膨化大豆粉混合,制得混合物。
步骤S130、将混合物与13份~17份的磷酸二氢钙、4.5份~5.5份的维生素、4.5份~5.5份的微量元素及8份~11份的上述饲料添加剂混合,得到粉料。
具体地,在第二道混合机内加入磷酸二氢钙、复合维生素、矿物质微量元素及饲料添加剂,充分混合均匀,得到粉料。
在其中一个实施例中,混合时间50秒,物料混合均匀度的变异系数≤5%。
在其中一个实施中,还包括将混合后的粉料由蒸汽调质后(调质出口温度≥95℃),经膨化机挤压,粉料从模孔排出瞬间膨胀,并被切割成颗粒,然后再烘干,得到颗粒状的粉料。
步骤S150、将粉料与22份~28份的鱼油及22份~28份的豆油混合,得到饲料。
具体地,对粉料进行外喷鱼油和豆油的混合油,并通过冷却塔进行冷却降温,得到饲料。当然,在一些实施例中,在冷却降温之后还包括按饲料粒径要求,对饲料进行分筛处理的步骤。通过分筛,将生产过程中产生的过大过小的异常颗粒去除。当然,在一些实施例中,在在冷却降温之后还包括对饲料进行包装的步骤。通过包装以保证饲料的品质和安全。
上述饲料的制备方法简捷,易于大规模生产。
具体实施例
以下结合具体实施例进行详细说明。以下实施例如未特殊说明,则不包括除不可避免的杂质外的其他组分。实施例中采用药物和仪器如非特别说明,均为本领域常规选择。实施例中未注明具体条件的实验方法,按照常规条件,例如文献、书本中所述的条件或者生产厂家推荐的方法实现。
实施例1
(1)实施例1的饲料的配方组成如表1所示,基础饲料(即由鱼粉、脱酚棉籽蛋白粉、去皮豆粕、菜粕、玉米、高筋面粉、膨化大豆粉、鱼油、豆油、磷酸二氢钙、维生素、微量元素及膨润土组成,具体含量见表1)的粗蛋白为30%,粗脂肪为9%、能值为17.5kJ/g。在基础饲料中添加不同梯度的饲料添加剂(500mg/kg,1000mg/kg,1500mg/kg)作为实验饲料。其中:
每100g饲料添加剂由2.5g肉桂醛、2g香芹酚、0.5g大蒜油及95g玉米粉组成。
每1000g维生素由0.366g维生素A、0.1g维生素D、2g维生素E、2g维生素K3、20g烟酸、4g核黄素、4g吡哆醇、4g硫胺素、10g泛酸钙、0.02g生物素、1g叶酸、4g维生素B12、20g抗坏血酸、20g肌醇及908.514g玉米淀粉组成。
每1000g微量元素中由10g氯化钠、150g硫酸镁、250g磷酸二氢钠、320g磷酸二氢钾、200g磷酸二氢钙、25g硫酸铁、35g乳酸钙、3.53g硫酸锌、1.62g硫酸锰、0.31g硫酸铜、0.01g硫酸钴、0.03g碘化钾及4.5g淀粉组成。
(2)在室内流水养殖系统中进行为期60天的生长实验。随机选择体质健壮、规格均匀的罗非鱼(平均体重126.8g),带水称重,随机分组,每缸30尾,每组饲料3个重复。实验期间,每天9:00和18:00分别饱食投喂一次。
表1饲料配方和化学组成(%干物质)
(3)测定各组草鱼的生长性能,其中,摄食率(℅体重d-1)=100×摄干物质量/[养殖天数×(初鱼重+末鱼重)/2];增重率(%)=100×(终末体重-初始体重)/初始体重;蛋白效率(℅)=100×(终末鱼体蛋白质重-初始鱼体蛋白质重)/蛋白质摄入量;饵料系数=摄食量/(终末体重-初始体重);存活率(%)=100×终末鱼尾数/初始鱼尾数;结果如表2所示。
表2
表2中同行数值后不同上标英文字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。
(4)采用南京建成生物工程研究所试剂盒测定各组罗非鱼的血液生理指标,结果如表3所示。
表3
表3中同行数值后不同上标英文字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。
(5)攻毒实验:在生长实验结束以后,各组保留15尾实验鱼,腹腔注射1mL含有无乳链球菌的溶液(OD值1.0)。注射后每个2小时观察、记录死亡鱼的数量。结果如表4所示。
表4
由表2~表4可以看出,实施例1制备的含有饲料添加剂的饲料能显著降低饵料系数、提高罗非鱼的增重率;降低血清中谷草转氨酶、谷丙转氨酶活性和超氧化物歧化酶活性,减缓鱼体氧化应激,提高碱性磷酸酶从而提高机体免疫性能。攻毒实验中,实施例1制备的的含有饲料添加剂的饲对无乳链球菌引起的死亡有一定的保护作用,2组~4组的的死亡率均低于1组(对照组)。综合以上生长性能、血液生理指标和攻毒结果,推荐在罗非鱼膨化配合饲料中添加1000mg/kg的饲料添加剂。
Claims (10)
1.一种饲料添加剂,其特征在于,以质量份数计,所述饲料添加剂包括:
肉桂醛 2份~3份;
香芹酚 1.8份~2.5份;及
大蒜油 0.3份~0.6份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的饲料添加剂,其特征在于,以质量份数计,所述饲料添加剂还包括85份~95份的辅料,所述辅料选自玉米芯粉、玉米粉、小麦麸及脱脂米糠中的至少一种。
3.根据权利要2所述的饲料添加剂,其特征在于,以质量份数计,所述饲料添加剂包括2.5份~3份的肉桂醛、2份~2.5份的香芹酚、0.5份~0.6份的大蒜油及90份~95份的玉米芯粉。
4.根据权利要求1所述的饲料添加剂,其特征在于,以质量份数计,所述饲料添加剂由2.5份的肉桂醛、2份的香芹酚、0.5份的大蒜油及95份玉米粉组成。
5.一种饲料,其特征在于,以质量份数计,所述饲料的原料包括:
6.根据权利要求5所述的饲料,其特征在于,所述维生素包括维生素A、维生素D、维生素E、维生素K3、烟酸、核黄素、吡哆醇、硫胺素、泛酸钙、生物素、叶酸、维生素B12、抗坏血酸及肌醇中的至少两种。
7.根据权利要求5所述的饲料,其特征在于,每1000份的所述维生素包括0.3份~0.4份的维生素A、0.09份~0.12份的维生素D、1.8份~2.2份的维生素E、1.8份~2.2份的维生素K3、18份~22份的烟酸、3.5份~4.5份的核黄素、3.5份~4.5份的吡哆醇、9份~11份的硫胺素、0.015份~0.022份的泛酸钙、0.8份~1.1份的生物素、3.5份~4.5份的叶酸、18份~22份的维生素B12、18份~22份的抗坏血酸及815份~930份的肌醇。
8.根据权利要求5~7任一项所述的饲料,其特征在于,所述微量元素的原料包括氯化钠、硫酸镁、磷酸二氢钠、磷酸二氢钾、磷酸二氢钙、硫酸铁、乳酸钙、硫酸锌、硫酸锰、硫酸铜、硫酸钴及碘化钾中的至少两种。
9.根据权利要求8所述的饲料,其特征在于,每1000份的微量元素的原料包括9份~12份的氯化钠、135份~165份的硫酸镁、225份~275份的磷酸二氢钠、288份~352份的磷酸二氢钾、180份~220份的磷酸二氢钙、22份~28份的硫酸铁、31份~38份的乳酸钙、3份~4份的硫酸锌、1.5份~2份的硫酸锰、0.25份~0.3份的硫酸铜、0.0009份~0.011份的硫酸钴及0.027份~0.033份的碘化钾。
10.一种饲料的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
以质量份数计,将230份~290份的去皮豆粕、135份~165份的菜粕及160份~200份的玉米粉碎后,与54份~66份的鱼粉、45份~55份的脱酚棉籽蛋白粉、135份~165份的面粉及58份~72份的膨化大豆粉混合,得到混合物;
将所述混合物与13份~17份的磷酸二氢钙、4.5份~5.5份的维生素、4.5份~5.5份的微量元素及8份~11份的权利要求1~4任一项所的饲料添加剂混合,得到粉料;及
将所述粉料与22份~28份的鱼油及22份~28份的豆油混合,得到所述饲料。
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