CN110526685A - 合成超硬复合片用传压元件及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了合成超硬复合片用传压元件及其制备方法,其成分包括5wt%‑40wt%的氯化钠,余量为陶瓷粉及不可避免的杂质,所述氯化钠和所述陶瓷粉在所述传压元件中均匀分布;所述氯化钠的平均粒径低于所述陶瓷粉的平均粒径。该传压元件采用溶解原位析出渗透法制得混合粉末,再压制成传压元件。该传压元件能大幅降低合成过程中复合片变形开裂的几率,制备方法操作简单,同时也节约原材料成本和后续加工成本。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及超硬材料制造技术领域,特别涉及合成超硬复合片用传压元件及其制备方法。
背景技术
聚晶金刚石(PCD)或聚晶立方氮化硼(PCBN)复合片是在高温高压条件下烧结而成,过程中温度场及压力分布的均匀性决定复合片的质量及其寿命。合成复合片的组装结构中通常会加入盐杯、盐管及盐片等组装件作为传压元件,这是由于盐在高温下呈熔融状态,不但能起到等静压传压作用,且由于其热膨胀系数较大,也可对烧结收缩引起的压力下降起到补压作用。
目前这类传压元件的成分通常为NaCl-0~30wt%ZrO2,制备方法是将氯化钠粉末和氧化锆粉末机械混合均匀后,直接压制成型。然而,高温烧结时,聚晶层会产生烧结收缩导致整个复合片发生较大变形,而熔融盐的流动进一步加剧该变形,该变形不但影响复合片的尺寸精度,更严重的甚至导致复合片开裂。为解决生产效率,同时平衡良好传压和变形开裂的矛盾,需要重新设计复合片周围填充的传压元件。
发明内容
鉴于上述情况,本发明提供合成超硬复合片用传压元件,该传压元件在不降低等静压传压效果前提下,高温下起到有效支撑作用,从而阻止聚晶层的收缩变形。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用如下技术方案:
合成超硬复合片用传压元件,所述传压元件的成分包括:5wt%-40wt%的氯化钠,余量为陶瓷粉及不可避免的杂质;所述氯化钠和所述陶瓷粉在所述传压元件中均匀分布;所述氯化钠的平均粒径低于所述陶瓷粉的平均粒径;所述陶瓷粉选自氧化物陶瓷粉体、氮化物陶瓷粉体、碳化物陶瓷粉体或碳氮化物陶瓷粉体中的至少一种。
本发明发现改变原有以氯化钠为基体的传压元件为以陶瓷材料为基体的传压元件,控制氯化钠颗粒的大小不超过陶瓷材料的颗粒大小,及其在陶瓷材料主体的分布,在高温下陶瓷基体起到支撑作用,阻止熔盐的流动,进而阻止聚晶层的收缩变形,而盐的存在又不降低等静压传压效果。
本发明的另一目的在于提供合成超硬复合片用传压元件的制备方法。
合成超硬复合片用传压元件的制备方法,所述传压元件的成分包括5wt%-40wt%的氯化钠,余量为陶瓷粉及不可避免的杂质,并至少包括如下步骤:将所述传压元件的原料成分在水中溶解制成混合水溶液的工序;将所述混合水溶液加热搅拌制成粘稠浆料的工序;将所述粘稠浆料干燥制得混合粉末的工序;将所述混合粉末压制成型得到所述传压元件。
传统的机械粉末混合法,NaCl原料必需是粉末,陶瓷粉末和氯化钠混合过程中各自相互分离易发生严重团聚,在NaCl含量较低时,其颗粒之间的接触减少,不外加成型剂的情况下,很难直接压制成型,压制获得的元件强度极低,缺边非常严重,多数非常容易发生开裂,下一步的组装极难操作;加入成型剂(如石蜡,PEG等)后,一方面成型剂与粉料的混合均匀性很难保证,另一方面需要在360℃-600℃之间脱除成型剂,在脱除成型剂过程中NaCl同时也易挥发(污染炉腔),由于元件压制时靠成型剂的粘结作用成型,脱除成型剂后元件状态又重新回到与不加成型剂的情况,元件多数开裂,不但无件成品率低下,制备工艺和设备成本急剧增加,更关键的是其仍未解决陶瓷粉末与氯化钠的均匀混合问题。本发明采用溶解原位析出渗透法制备陶瓷-NaCl混合粉末,该混合粉末中低含量较小颗粒的NaCl可将陶瓷粉末颗粒包裹或部分包裹,从而大大提高NaCl之间的接触机率,因而可直接压制成型,即NaCl既是成分,又作为成型剂。
需要说明的是,本发明对氯化钠原料没有特殊的要求,可以是粉状颗粒,也可以是块体材料,可以是微米级颗粒,也可以是毫米级颗粒。
本发明中提及的wt%为重量百分比。
本发明公布的数字范围包括这个范围的所有点值。
具体实施方式
为使本发明的上述目的、特征和优点能够更加明显易懂,下面结合具体实施方式对本发明做进一步详细的说明,但本发明的保护范围不限于下述的实施例,下列实施例中未注明具体条件的实验方法,通常按照常规条件。
对各实施例和对比例进行的性能测试定义如下:
成分测试:采用EDX成分分析设备进行具体成分分析。
平均粒径观测:采用SEM(扫描电子显微镜)观测。
粘度测试:采用NDJ-8S自动数显粘度仪,根据GB/T12008.6所述方法测定。
元件成型性:通过目测观察传压元件的外观。
弯曲强度测试:采用万能强度试验机在室温下测试,试样尺寸5.25mm×6.5mm×20mm,跨距14.5mm,根据GB/T3851所述方法测试。
复合片变形量测试:测量复合片工作面凹凸高度的最大偏差值。通常复合片变形量<0.15mm视为合格。
在推荐的实施方式中,所述氧化物陶瓷粉体为氧化铝、氧化锆、氧化钛或氧化铬中的至少一种;所述氮化物陶瓷粉体为氮化硅、氮化硼或氮化铝中的至少一种;所述碳化物陶瓷粉体为碳化硅、碳化硼或碳化钛中的至少一种;所述碳氮化物陶瓷粉体中碳氮化物的金属选自元素周期表中IVB、VB或VIB族中的一种。上述陶瓷材料高温下不易挥发和分解,可确保合成过程的稳定性;良好的热导性,可保证合成腔体温度的均匀性;较高的热膨胀系数,对烧结收缩起到补压作用。
在推荐的实施方式中,所述氯化钠的颗粒均匀包裹所述陶瓷粉的颗粒。陶瓷材料作为基体,小粒径的氯化钠颗粒间相互接触,更益于混合粉末的成型。
在推荐的实施方式中,所述传压元件的形状为杯状、片状或管状中的至少一种。
在推荐的实施方式中,所述陶瓷粉的平均粒径为0.1μm-300μm。
在推荐的实施方式中,所述陶瓷粉的平均粒径为2μm-20μm。
在推荐的实施方式中,所述粘稠浆料在室温下粘度≥1000mPa·s。混合水溶液加热搅拌过程中,水不断蒸发,氯化钠逐渐析出,在此过程中不断搅拌水溶液防止NaCl偏析和长大,直到形成上述粘度的粘稠浆料,此后NaCl只能原位析出,不再会产生严重偏析。
在推荐的实施方式中,所述加热搅拌是置于90℃以上的水浴中,搅拌速度60r/min-200r/min。
需要说明的是,陶瓷粉的平均粒径、搅拌速度是本行业的常规选择,因此,在实施例中,没有对其范围加以试验和验证。
实施例一
原料准备:陶瓷粉选用平均粒径为20μm的AlN和ZrO2混合陶瓷粉,与配比不同的氯化钠的原料进行混合。
实施例1-3及对比例1-2采用本发明方法:
混合水溶液制取:将上述原料成分在水中分散,加入水至氯化钠完全溶解。
粘稠浆料:将上述混合水溶液置于90℃水浴中,加热搅拌,搅拌速度为60r/min,待室温下粘度为1000mPa·s,停止加热搅拌,得到粘稠浆料。
将上述粘稠浆料干燥制得混合粉末,再经过压制成型得到传压元件。
采用SEM观测所得到的传压元件表面,陶瓷粉的颗粒大小几乎未发生改变,平均粒径为20μm,氯化钠颗粒与陶瓷粉颗粒分散均匀,氯化钠颗粒的平均粒径小于陶瓷粉颗粒的平均粒径,氯化钠颗粒对陶瓷粉颗粒形成部分的包裹。
对比例3-4采用传统方法,即原料混合后,直接压制成型。
对各实施例和对比例进行EDX成分测试,成分测试结果如表1所示。
表1传压元件成分(wt%)
对各实施例和对比例进行性能测试,测试结果如表2所示。
表2传压元件室温弯曲强度(MPa)和合成复合片质量对比
从表2可以看出,实施例1-3在本发明范围内,采用本发明的方法,制得的传压元件成型良好,变形量较小,符合要求;而对比例1由于氯化钠含量较少,成型较差,变形量难以测试,对比例2虽然成型良好,弯曲强度较高,但氯化钠含量过高,在高温高压下易流动,影响复合片尺寸精度,因而复合片变形量较高,不符合要求;采用传统方法的对比例3和对比例4,制得的传压元件成型较差,出现碎裂、缺边或开裂,无法达到要求。
上述实施例仅用于对本发明所提供的技术方案进行解释,并不能对本发明进行限制,凡是依据本发明的技术实质对以上实施例所作的任何简单修改、等同变化与修饰,均落入本发明技术方案的保护范围内。
Claims (9)
1.合成超硬复合片用传压元件,其特征在于,所述传压元件的成分包括:5wt%-40wt%的氯化钠,余量为陶瓷粉及不可避免的杂质;所述氯化钠和所述陶瓷粉在所述传压元件中均匀分布;所述氯化钠的平均粒径低于所述陶瓷粉的平均粒径;所述陶瓷粉选自氧化物陶瓷粉体、氮化物陶瓷粉体、碳化物陶瓷粉体或碳氮化物陶瓷粉体中的至少一种。
2.根据权利要求1所述的合成超硬复合片用传压元件,其特征在于:所述氧化物陶瓷粉体为氧化铝、氧化锆、氧化钛或氧化铬中的至少一种;所述氮化物陶瓷粉体为氮化硅、氮化硼或氮化铝中的至少一种;所述碳化物陶瓷粉体为碳化硅、碳化硼或碳化钛中的至少一种;所述碳氮化物陶瓷粉体中碳氮化物的金属选自元素周期表中IVB、VB或VIB族中的一种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的合成超硬复合片用传压元件,其特征在于:所述氯化钠的颗粒均匀包裹所述陶瓷粉的颗粒。
4.根据权利要求1所述的合成超硬复合片用传压元件,其特征在于:所述传压元件的形状为杯状、片状或管状中的至少一种。
5.根据权利要求1-4任一项所述的合成超硬复合片用传压元件,其特征在于:所述陶瓷粉的平均粒径为0.1μm-300μm。
6.根据权利要求1-4任一项所述的合成超硬复合片用传压元件,其特征在于:所述陶瓷粉的平均粒径为2μm-20μm。
7.合成超硬复合片用传压元件的制备方法,其特征在于,所述传压元件的成分包括5wt%-40wt%的氯化钠,余量为陶瓷粉及不可避免的杂质,所述传压元件的制备方法包括如下步骤:将所述传压元件的原料成分在水中溶解制成混合水溶液的工序;将所述混合水溶液加热搅拌制成粘稠浆料的工序;将所述粘稠浆料干燥制得混合粉末的工序;将所述混合粉末压制成型得到所述传压元件。
8.根据权利要求6所述的合成超硬复合片用传压元件的制备方法,其特征在于:所述粘稠浆料在室温下粘度≥1000mPa·s。
9.根据权利要求6所述的合成超硬复合片用传压元件的制备方法,其特征在于:所述加热搅拌是置于90℃以上的水浴中,搅拌速度60r/min-200r/min。
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