CN110524962A - 一种汽车用气凝胶热塑性材料及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种汽车用气凝胶热塑性材料及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于汽车内饰件材料技术领域,具体涉及一种汽车用气凝胶热塑性材料及其制备方法和应用。该方法包括以下步骤:1)制备纤维网;2)叠放若干层纤维网,其中,相邻的两层纤维网之间均匀的撒有气凝胶热塑性树脂粉,得到气凝胶热塑性树脂粉复合纤维网;3)将述气凝胶热塑性树脂粉复合纤维网压薄,再采用针刺机针刺,得到气凝胶热塑性树脂粉复合纤维网针刺毡;4)将气凝胶热塑性树脂粉复合纤维网针刺毡热压成型,得到汽车用气凝胶热塑性材料。得到的材料隔热保温性能高、抗压力、抗撕扯力强、质轻,特别适合作为汽车用气凝胶热塑性材料。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于汽车内饰件材料技术领域,具体涉及一种汽车用气凝胶热塑性材料及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
随着科技的发展和人们生活水平的提高,汽车成为人们生活中重要的出行工具。汽车顶棚的结构常由蒙皮和车内顶棚内饰件组成。顶棚内饰的功能主要体现车厢内的造型设计,与外界的隔热、隔音和对乘坐人员头部的保护。为了满足顶棚的隔热、隔音、吸音及触感、安全和低成本的需要,内饰一般采用发泡材料或毛毡,采用粘接或镶嵌的方式安装在车顶棚上,其中饰面材料主要采用织物、TPO或PVC膜。发泡层多采用硬质聚氨醋泡沫塑料板,基底多采用PU发泡片材、PP发泡片材、瓦楞纸、浸渍树脂的再生棉或者玻璃纤维。汽车顶棚内饰件除了具有吸能作用外,还要具有保温隔热、隔音、轻量化、阻燃、环保等性质。采用发泡材料和毛毡制作的汽车内饰件具有易燃、隔热保温性能差,密度大、加工过程易产生废料等特点。
发明内容
为解决现有技术的不足,本发明提供了一种汽车用气凝胶热塑性材料及其制备方法和应用。为克服上述不足,以玻璃纤维、碳纤维等为增强材料,气凝胶复合PP母粒为热塑性材料,采用热压成型的方式生产汽车顶棚内饰件。
本发明所提供的技术方案如下:
一种汽车用气凝胶热塑性材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
1)制备纤维网;
2)叠放若干层步骤1)得到的所述纤维网,其中,相邻的两层所述纤维网之间均匀的撒有气凝胶热塑性树脂粉,得到气凝胶热塑性树脂粉复合纤维网;
3)将步骤2)得到的所述气凝胶热塑性树脂粉复合纤维网压薄,再采用针刺机针刺,得到气凝胶热塑性树脂粉复合纤维网针刺毡;
4)将步骤3)得到的所述气凝胶热塑性树脂粉复合纤维网针刺毡热压成型,得到汽车用气凝胶热塑性材料。
上述技术方案中:汽车用气凝胶热塑性材料中所具有的气凝胶热塑性树脂粉复合纤维网针刺毡在毡的水平方向和垂直方向都具有气凝胶热塑性树脂粉覆盖的纤维结构,使得汽车用气凝胶热塑性材料在水平方向和垂直方向都具有气凝胶热塑性树脂粉所带来的隔热保温功能;多层纤维网的复合一方面解决了气凝胶热塑性树脂粉复合的问题,另一方面提高了汽车用气凝胶热塑性材料的抗撕扯力,并进一步提高了材料的抗压强度。而现有技术中将树脂颗粒和纤维混合后直接制成较厚的毡虽具有合适的强度,但不耐撕扯。
具体的,步骤1)中,所述的纤维网为无机短纤纤维网或有机短纤纤维网。
虽然长纤更容易制作毡材,但上述技术方案中采用短纤纤维网容易与气凝胶热塑性树脂粉复合,以利于形成气凝胶热塑性树脂粉复合纤维网。
具体的,步骤2)中,所述气凝胶热塑性树脂粉为有机气凝胶热塑性树脂粉、无机气凝胶热塑性树脂粉或杂化气凝胶热塑性树脂粉。
热塑性树脂可为PE、PP或PET。
气凝胶热塑性树脂粉可通过现有的气凝胶热塑性树脂母粒粉磨得到,例如,将申请为201611092065.9的申请文件所提供的母粒粉磨得到。
上述技术方案可以适用于各类气凝胶。
具体的,步骤2)中,所述气凝胶热塑性树脂粉的粒径为0.1mm~5mm。
上述技术方案中,粒径过小会比表面积大,会导致成本高,粒径过大会导致混合不均匀。
具体的,步骤4)中,所述热压的温度为高于所述气凝胶热塑性树脂粉中热塑性树脂的热塑性温度10~50℃。
基于上述技术方案,即可以实现热压,又不会对材料的各组分进行破坏。
本发明还提供了根据本发明所提供的汽车用气凝胶热塑性材料的制备方法制备得到的汽车用气凝胶热塑性材料。
本发明所提供的汽车用气凝胶热塑性材料隔热保温性能高、抗压力、抗撕扯力强,并且采用了低密度的气凝胶材料,质轻,可作为汽车用气凝胶热塑性材料。
本发明还提供了根据本发明所提供的汽车用气凝胶热塑性材料的应用,作为隔热保温材料。
本发明所提供的汽车用气凝胶热塑性材料隔热保温性能高,可作为隔热保温材料。
进一步的,作为汽车顶棚内饰件材料。
本发明所提供的汽车用气凝胶热塑性材料隔热保温性能高、抗压力、抗撕扯力强,并且采用了低密度的气凝胶材料,质轻,特别适合作为汽车用气凝胶热塑性材料。
具体实施方式
以下对本发明的原理和特征进行描述,所举实施例只用于解释本发明,并非用于限定本发明的范围。
实施例1
1)将纤维散棉在打散机中进行混合、打散,然后在梳理机中梳理成网。
2)在纤维网上均匀的撒上含有气凝胶的树脂粉,然后再铺一层梳理好的纤维网,再撒一层含有气凝胶的树脂粉,依次反复进行,最后一层为梳理好的网,得到气凝胶热塑性树脂粉复合纤维网。
3)将气凝胶热塑性树脂粉复合纤维网,上针刺机,进行压薄,针刺成毡,得到气凝胶热塑性树脂粉复合纤维网针刺毡。
4)将气凝胶热塑性树脂粉复合纤维网针刺毡铺到热压磨具中,热压机设定的加热温度为于高于树脂热塑性温度20℃进行热压成型。
其中,气凝胶树脂粉的制备方法为:PE母粒与水性丙烯酸隔热保温功能性母粒混合造粒得到。
纤维散棉为玻璃纤维散棉纤维散棉。
气凝胶热塑性树脂粉复合纤维网为4层。
气凝胶热塑性树脂粉复合纤维网针刺毡的厚度为5mm,气凝胶树脂粉的用量为针刺毡重量的40%。
对汽车用气凝胶热塑性材料进行性能测试:
密度;120Kg/m3
隔热保温;25mW/(m·K)
抗压(5%的变形);3.06KPa
抗撕扯;1.80×106Pa
阻燃实验结果符合汽车内饰件产品要求(试样暴露在火焰中15s试样能燃烧,但火焰达到第一测量标线前熄灭)。
实施例2
1)将纤维散棉在打散机中进行混合、打散,然后在梳理机中梳理成网。
2)在纤维网上均匀的撒上含有气凝胶树脂粉,然后再铺一层梳理好的纤维网,再撒一层含有气凝胶的树脂粉,依次反复进行,最后一层为梳理好的网,得到气凝胶热塑性树脂粉复合纤维网。
3)将气凝胶热塑性树脂粉复合纤维网,上针刺机,进行压薄,针刺成毡,得到气凝胶热塑性树脂粉复合纤维网针刺毡。
4)将气凝胶热塑性树脂粉复合纤维网针刺毡铺到热压磨具中,热压机设定的加热温度为于高于树脂热塑性温度30℃进行热压成型。
其中,气凝胶树脂粉的制备方法为:PP母粒与水性丙烯酸隔热保温功能性母粒混合造粒得到。
纤维散棉为陶瓷纤维散棉
气凝胶热塑性树脂粉复合纤维网为5层。
气凝胶热塑性树脂粉复合纤维网针刺毡的厚度为6mm,气凝胶树脂粉的用量为陶瓷纤维重量的30%。
对汽车用气凝胶热塑性材料进行性能测试:
密度;115Kg/m3
隔热保温;26mW/(m·K)
抗压(5%的变形):3.06KPa
抗撕扯:1.80×106Pa
阻燃实验结果符合汽车内饰件产品要求。
实施例3
1)将纤维散棉在打散机中进行混合、打散,然后在梳理机中梳理成网。
2)在纤维网上均匀的撒上含有气凝胶树脂粉,然后再铺一层梳理好的纤维网,再撒一层含有气凝胶的树脂粉,依次反复进行,最后一层为梳理好的网,得到气凝胶热塑性树脂粉复合纤维网。
3)将气凝胶热塑性树脂粉复合纤维网,上针刺机,进行压薄,针刺成毡,得到气凝胶热塑性树脂粉复合纤维网针刺毡。
4)将气凝胶热塑性树脂粉复合纤维网针刺毡铺到热压磨具中,热压机设定的加热温度为于高于树脂热塑性温度50℃进行热压成型。
其中,气凝胶树脂粉的制备方法为:PP母粒与水性聚氨酯隔热保温功能性母粒混合造粒得到。
纤维散棉为玻璃纤维散棉。
气凝胶热塑性树脂粉复合纤维网为3层。
气凝胶热塑性树脂粉复合纤维网针刺毡的厚度为4mm,气凝胶树脂粉的用量为玻璃纤维重量的30%。
对汽车用气凝胶热塑性材料进行性能测试:
密度:125Kg/m3
隔热保温:26mW/(m·K)
抗压:3.00KPa
抗撕扯:1.70×106Pa
阻燃实验结果符合汽车内饰件产品要求。
从各实施例的数据可以看出,本发明所提供的汽车用气凝胶热塑性材料的各性能的值可以达到汽车内饰件材料产品的性能要求。
对比例1
参考实施例1的步骤,采用混料后热压成型,具体的步骤为:将玻璃纤维散棉与气凝胶热塑性树脂粉混合均匀,然后放入磨具中进行热压成型。
对得到的材料进行性能测试:
密度:120Kg/m3
隔热保温:25mW/(m·K)
抗压:2.70KPa
抗撕扯:0.70×106Pa
阻燃实验结果为试样暴露在火焰中15s试样能燃烧,但火焰达到第一测量标线前熄灭。
通过对比可以看出,直接热压成为单层,即使厚度接近本发明的多层结构,但抗压强度和抗撕扯强度明显降低。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (8)
1.一种汽车用气凝胶热塑性材料的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
1)制备纤维网;
2)叠放若干层步骤1)得到的所述纤维网,其中,相邻的两层所述纤维网之间均匀的撒有气凝胶热塑性树脂粉,得到气凝胶热塑性树脂粉复合纤维网;
3)将步骤2)得到的所述气凝胶热塑性树脂粉复合纤维网压薄,再采用针刺机针刺,得到气凝胶热塑性树脂粉复合纤维网针刺毡;
4)将步骤3)得到的所述气凝胶热塑性树脂粉复合纤维网针刺毡热压成型,得到汽车用气凝胶热塑性材料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的汽车用气凝胶热塑性材料的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤1)中,所述的纤维网为无机短纤纤维网或有机短纤纤维网。
3.根据权利要求1所述的汽车用气凝胶热塑性材料的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤2)中,所述气凝胶热塑性树脂粉为有机气凝胶热塑性树脂粉、无机气凝胶热塑性树脂粉或杂化气凝胶热塑性树脂粉。
4.根据权利要求1所述的汽车用气凝胶热塑性材料的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤2)中,所述气凝胶热塑性树脂粉的粒径为0.1mm~5mm。
5.根据权利要求1至4任一所述的汽车用气凝胶热塑性材料的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤4)中,所述热压的温度为高于所述气凝胶热塑性树脂粉中热塑性树脂的热塑性温度10~50℃。
6.一种根据权利要求1至5任一所述的汽车用气凝胶热塑性材料的制备方法制备得到的汽车用气凝胶热塑性材料。
7.一种根据权利要求6所述的汽车用气凝胶热塑性材料的应用,其特征在于:作为隔热保温材料。
8.根据权利要求7所述的汽车用气凝胶热塑性材料的应用,其特征在于:作为汽车顶棚内饰件材料。
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