CN107142611A - 一种气凝胶复合纤维针刺毡及其制作方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种气凝胶复合纤维针刺毡及其制作方法。主要解决了现有SiO2气凝胶毡使用中容易出现气凝胶微小颗粒、粉尘脱落且对环境造成污染的问题。其特征在于：所述针刺毡主体从下至上依次为三层绝热布层A、一层气凝胶颗粒A、三层绝热布层B、一层气凝胶颗粒B、三层绝热布层C；其制备过程包括以下步骤：（1）将玻璃纤维长丝短切成短丝，将薄薄的毡网铺叠三层，之后在上面铺一层气凝胶颗粒层；（2）再将步骤（1）气凝胶颗粒层上铺玻璃纤维毡网三层，再铺一层气凝胶颗粒层，最后铺叠毡网三层，制得气凝胶复合纤维针刺毡。该气凝胶复合纤维针刺毡同时具备玻璃纤维毡和气凝胶的优点，没有粉尘脱落的现象，使用寿命长，不污染环境。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及建筑材料技术领域，特别涉及一种气凝胶复合纤维针刺毡及其制作方法。
背景技术
气凝胶是一种新型的纳米多孔、低密度的保温隔热材料，它是目前质量最轻、隔热性能最好的固态材料，其常温的热导率可低至0.0131W•m-1•K-1，密度可低到0.003g/cm3，孔隙率可高达99.8%，比表面积高达1000m2/g。但其强度低、脆性大、现有工艺难以制备出大块状气凝胶，且其在高温下隔热效果差，限制了其在建筑领域上的应用。
目前，大多数厂家通过将玻璃纤维毡浸没到制备的硅溶胶体系中经陈化、干燥处理得到一体的SiO2气凝胶毡，该SiO2气凝胶毡在运输、施工和使用过程中容易出现气凝胶微小颗粒、粉尘脱落的现象，影响了SiO2气凝胶毡的性能和使用寿命，且对环境造成污染。
发明内容
本发明在于克服背景技术中存在的现有SiO2气凝胶毡在运输、施工和使用过程中容易出现气凝胶微小颗粒、粉尘脱落的现象，影响了SiO2气凝胶毡的性能和使用寿命且对环境造成污染的问题，而提供一种气凝胶复合纤维针刺毡，该气凝胶复合纤维针刺毡，同时具备玻璃纤维毡和气凝胶的优点，没有粉尘脱落的现象，使用寿命长，不污染环境。本发明还提供了一种气凝胶复合纤维针刺毡的制备方法。
本发明解决其问题可通过如下技术方案来达到：该气凝胶复合纤维针刺毡，包括针刺毡主体，所述针刺毡主体从下至上依次为三层绝热布层A、一层气凝胶颗粒A、三层绝热布层B、一层气凝胶颗粒B、三层绝热布层C。
所述绝热布层A、绝热布层B及绝热布层C选自玻璃纤维布、石棉布、高硅氧纤维布或陶瓷布。
本发明还提供一种气凝胶复合纤维针刺毡的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
（1）将玻璃纤维长丝短切成玻璃纤维短丝，经过开松、梳理、铺网，将薄薄的毡网铺叠三层，之后在上面铺一层气凝胶颗粒层；
（2）再将步骤（1）气凝胶颗粒层上铺玻璃纤维毡网三层，再铺一层气凝胶颗粒层，最后铺叠毡网三层，最终呈层状结构，然后由针刺机对毡网进行正反针刺，控制每层的重量，以达到预先设定的标准重量，制得气凝胶复合纤维针刺毡。
本发明与上述背景技术相比较可具有如下有益效果：该气凝胶复合纤维针刺毡，将玻璃纤维毡与气凝胶结合起来，避免出现掉粉等情况，同时使制作方式比传统超临界方式更简单，成本更低，速度更快，并且使该产品同时具备玻璃（及其他）纤维毡和气凝胶的优点；比起传统超临界法制备方式，在解决了SiO2气凝胶毡在运输、施工和使用过程中容易出现气凝胶微小颗粒、粉尘脱落的问题的同时，具备针刺毡工序简单、制作速度快的优点，有利于大规模生产。
附图说明
附图1是本发明的结构示意图。
图中：1、绝热布层A，2、气凝胶颗粒A，3、绝热布层B ，4、气凝胶颗粒B，5、绝热布层C。
具体实施方式：
下面将结合附图及具体实施例对本发明作进一步说明：
实施例1：
如图1所示，一种气凝胶复合纤维针刺毡，包括针刺毡主体，所述针刺毡主体从下至上依次为三层绝热布层A1、一层气凝胶颗粒A2、三层绝热布层B3、一层气凝胶颗粒B4、三层绝热布层C5；所述绝热布层A1、绝热布层B3及绝热布层C5为玻璃纤维布；所述三层绝热布层A1、一层气凝胶颗粒A2、三层绝热布层B3、一层气凝胶颗粒B4、三层绝热布层C5厚度比为3：1：3：1：3；所述针刺毡主体压实厚度为1cm；所述针刺毡主体间隔穿插有针刺形成的垂向短丝纤维，所述垂向短丝纤维与毡网各层纤维相互联结。
气凝胶复合纤维针刺毡制备，包括以下步骤：
准备1）玻璃纤维层的处理：首先将玻璃纤维丝切成60mm，将短玻璃纤维丝输入梳理机；梳理机将短玻璃纤维丝梳理成一根一根的单丝，形成薄薄的毡网层后输送给铺网机；铺网机将薄毡网层层叠达到1mm厚度；然后利用针刺机对毡网进行针刺，使纤维相互联接，成为具有一定强度的针刺玻璃纤维毡；
2）气凝胶颗粒：使用的气凝胶粉粒径为1-2mm；
3）气凝胶复合纤维针刺毡的制备：首先，在涂布机上铺三层玻璃纤维布布层；之后将上述步骤2）制备的气凝胶颗粒均匀喷洒在玻璃纤维层形成一气凝胶粉层，气凝胶粉层的厚度为1mm；然后继续铺上三玻璃纤维层，将气凝胶细粉均匀喷洒在玻璃纤维层形成气凝胶粉层，继续循环上述操作，直至10个复合层铺设完毕，将上述铺设好的材料输送至辊压机，经碾压得厚度为1cm的气凝胶针刺毡。
本发明气凝胶复合纤维针刺毡将玻璃纤维毡与气凝胶结合起来，避免出现掉粉等情况，同时使制作方式比传统超临界方式更简单，成本更低，速度更快，并且使该产品同时具备玻璃（及其他）纤维毡和气凝胶的优点；比起传统超临界法制备方式，在解决了SiO2气凝胶毡在运输、施工和使用过程中容易出现气凝胶微小颗粒、粉尘脱落的问题的同时，具备针刺毡工序简单、制作速度快的优点。
Claims (6)
1.一种气凝胶复合纤维针刺毡，包括针刺毡主体，其特征在于：所述针刺毡主体从下至上依次为三层绝热布层A（1）、一层气凝胶颗粒A（2）、三层绝热布层B（3）、一层气凝胶颗粒B（4）、三层绝热布层C（5）。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种气凝胶复合纤维针刺毡，其特征在于：所述绝热布层A（1）、绝热布层B（3）及绝热布层C（5）选自玻璃纤维布、石棉布、高硅氧纤维布或陶瓷布。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种气凝胶复合纤维针刺毡，其特征在于：所述三层绝热布层A（1）、一层气凝胶颗粒A（2）、三层绝热布层B（3）、一层气凝胶颗粒B（4）、三层绝热布层C（5）厚度比为3：1：3：1：3。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种气凝胶复合纤维针刺毡，其特征在于：所述针刺毡主体压实厚度为1cm。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种气凝胶复合纤维针刺毡，其特征在于：所述针刺毡主体间隔穿插有针刺形成的垂向短丝纤维，所述垂向短丝纤维与毡网各层纤维相互联结。
6.一种根据权利要求1所述的一种气凝胶复合纤维针刺毡的制备方法，其特征在于：包括以下步骤：
（1）将玻璃纤维长丝短切成玻璃纤维短丝，经过开松、梳理、铺网，将薄薄的毡网铺叠三层，之后在上面铺一层气凝胶颗粒层；
（2）再将步骤（1）气凝胶颗粒层上铺玻璃纤维毡网三层，再铺一层气凝胶颗粒层，最后铺叠毡网三层，最终呈层状结构，然后由针刺机对毡网进行正反针刺，控制每层的重量，以达到预先设定的标准重量，制得气凝胶复合纤维针刺毡。
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| CN110524962A (zh) * | 2019-06-25 | 2019-12-03 | 深圳中凝科技有限公司 | 一种汽车用气凝胶热塑性材料及其制备方法和应用 |
| CN110682622A (zh) * | 2019-11-12 | 2020-01-14 | 湖南省和祥润新材料有限公司 | 一种由纤维增强体增强的气凝胶材料及其制备方法 |
| CN113352709A (zh) * | 2021-07-06 | 2021-09-07 | 福建蓝烟新材料有限公司 | 一种不掉粉气凝胶毡及其生产方法 |
| CN115447225A (zh) * | 2022-08-19 | 2022-12-09 | 湖北硅金凝节能减排科技有限公司 | 一种气凝胶绝热毡的制备方法 |
| CN116118291A (zh) * | 2022-12-20 | 2023-05-16 | 爱彼爱和新材料有限公司 | 制备气凝胶复合纤维针刺制品的方法、气凝胶复合纤维针刺制品及其应用 |
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| CN116118291A (zh) * | 2022-12-20 | 2023-05-16 | 爱彼爱和新材料有限公司 | 制备气凝胶复合纤维针刺制品的方法、气凝胶复合纤维针刺制品及其应用 |
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