CN110520321B - 用于串联/并联的混合动力车辆的传动结构 - Google Patents

用于串联/并联的混合动力车辆的传动结构 Download PDF

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CN110520321B
CN110520321B CN201880025592.9A CN201880025592A CN110520321B CN 110520321 B CN110520321 B CN 110520321B CN 201880025592 A CN201880025592 A CN 201880025592A CN 110520321 B CN110520321 B CN 110520321B
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shaft
gear
electromechanical
electric machine
coupling
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CN110520321A (zh
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F.米勒
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Volkswagen AG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/40—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the assembly or relative disposition of components
    • B60K6/405—Housings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H63/00—Control outputs from the control unit to change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion or to other devices than the final output mechanism
    • F16H63/02—Final output mechanisms therefor; Actuating means for the final output mechanisms
    • F16H63/30—Constructional features of the final output mechanisms
    • F16H63/34—Locking or disabling mechanisms
    • F16H63/3416—Parking lock mechanisms or brakes in the transmission
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/36—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/40—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the assembly or relative disposition of components
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/44—Series-parallel type
    • B60K6/442—Series-parallel switching type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/50—Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
    • B60K6/54—Transmission for changing ratio
    • B60K6/547—Transmission for changing ratio the transmission being a stepped gearing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H1/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion
    • F16H1/02—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion without gears having orbital motion
    • F16H1/04—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion without gears having orbital motion involving only two intermeshing members
    • F16H1/06—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion without gears having orbital motion involving only two intermeshing members with parallel axes
    • F16H1/10—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion without gears having orbital motion involving only two intermeshing members with parallel axes one of the members being internally toothed
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
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    • F16H37/00—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00
    • F16H37/02—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings
    • F16H37/06—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts
    • F16H37/08—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing
    • F16H37/0806—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing with a plurality of driving or driven shafts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
    • B60K6/387—Actuated clutches, i.e. clutches engaged or disengaged by electric, hydraulic or mechanical actuating means
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    • B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
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    • B60Y2200/92—Hybrid vehicles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H1/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion
    • F16H1/28—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with gears having orbital motion
    • F16H1/32—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with gears having orbital motion in which the central axis of the gearing lies inside the periphery of an orbital gear
    • F16H2001/327—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with gears having orbital motion in which the central axis of the gearing lies inside the periphery of an orbital gear with orbital gear sets comprising an internally toothed ring gear
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    • F16H2702/00—Combinations of two or more transmissions
    • F16H2702/02—Mechanical transmissions with planetary gearing combined with one or more other mechanical transmissions
    • F16H2702/04—Combinations of a speed-change mechanism without planetary gearing with a differential for driving a vehicle drive axle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F16H—GEARING
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    • F16H48/06—Differential gearings with gears having orbital motion
    • F16H48/08—Differential gearings with gears having orbital motion comprising bevel gears
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/62—Hybrid vehicles

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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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  • Hybrid Electric Vehicles (AREA)
  • General Details Of Gearings (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于混合动力车辆的传动结构，所述混合动力车辆带有内燃机(VKM)、第一电气机械(EM1)和第二电气机械(EM2)。在此，可由内燃机(VKM)驱动的驱动轴(WVKM)经由第一齿轮组(1)能驱动配属于第一电气机械(EM1)的第一电气机械轴(WEM1)。通过配属于第二电气机械(EM2)的第二电气机械轴(WEM2)经由第二齿轮组(2)能驱动车辆的差速器(D)的行驶驱动齿轮(ZD)，其中，所述第一齿轮组(1)具有带有内齿部(ZHI)的空心轮(ZH)和咬合在所述空心轮(ZH)的内齿部(ZHI)中的正齿轮(ZEM11)。

Description

用于串联/并联的混合动力车辆的传动结构
技术领域
本本发明涉及一种用于尤其串联/并联的混合动力车辆的传动结构。
背景技术
串联/并联的混合动力车辆除了内燃机之外还具有发电机式的、尤其能发电机式运行的第一电气机械和发动机式的、尤其能发动机式运行的第二电气机械。在此，在从交通工具静止延伸直至确定的交通工具速度的第一行驶范围中，所述系统串联式运行，确切而言方式是内燃机的功率在发电机式运行的第一电气机械中转化为电能并且传输到发动机式的第二电气机械上并且再由其驱动交通工具传动装置。从所述确定的交通工具速度起，所述系统并联式运行，方式是控制元件被接通，内燃机通过所述控制元件直接与交通工具传动装置连接。
由作为本发明出发点的文献EP 2 857 243 B1已知一种用于带有内燃机以及带有第一和第二电气机械的混合动力车辆的传动结构，其中，通过可由内燃机驱动的驱动轴经由第一齿轮组能驱动配属于第一电气机械的第一电气机械轴，并且通过配属于第二电气机械的第二电气机械轴经由第二齿轮组能驱动交通工具的差速器的传动装置齿轮或者说行驶驱动齿轮。在此，第一齿轮组通过两个相互咬合的正齿轮构造。
由文献DE 10 2007 016 218 A1已知一种用于带有内燃机和电气机械的混合动力车辆的传动结构，其中，配属于电气机械的电气机械轴能够通过可由内燃机驱动的驱动轴和/或传动装置输入轴被驱动。在此，电气机械轴具有内开齿的空心轮，在构成齿轮组的情况下，传动装置输入轴的正齿轮咬合到该空心轮中。
然而，在现有技术中已知的用于混合动力车辆的传动结构还不是最佳地设计的。基本上，可用的结构空间通常没有被最佳地利用。基本上，电气机械轴通常布置在内燃机的驱动轴或者说曲轴和/或传动装置轴上方，和/或布置在前部的交通工具区域中，和/或相对于内燃机的驱动轴具有较大间距，例如约90-100mm。然而，在内燃机的驱动轴和/或传动装置轴上方或者说尤其在前部的交通工具区域中或者说发动机舱中通常还有其他构件，例如纵梁和/或机组支承结构和/或制动力增强装置和/或甚至交通工具冷却器，它们相应地限制了对电气机械来说可用的结构空间和半径，这会对电气机械的效率产生不利影响。
发明内容
因此本发明要解决的技术问题是，设计和改进开始所述的传动结构，使得传动结构尽可能紧凑并且尤其改善结构空间利用和/或电气机械的效率。
本发明要解决的技术问题通过一种用于尤其串联/并联的混合动力车辆的传动结构解决，所述混合动力车辆带有内燃机，尤其发电机式的第一电气机械和尤其发动机式的第二电气机械。
在此，尤其通过可由内燃机驱动的驱动轴经由第一齿轮组能驱动配属于第一电气机械的第一电气机械轴。在此，通过配属于第二电气机械的第二电气机械轴尤其经由第二齿轮组能驱动交通工具的差速器的传动装置齿轮或者说行驶驱动齿轮。
在此，第一齿轮组尤其具有带有内齿部的空心轮和咬合到该空心轮的内齿部中的正齿轮。因此，第一齿轮级尤其通过带有内齿部的空心轮和咬合到该空心轮的内齿部中的正齿轮构成。
由此能实现内燃机的驱动轴和电气机械轴之间非常小的，例如仅约20mm的“偏离轴心度”，小的偏离轴心度实现了电气机械向下和/或向前的布置。即使得电气机械轴比内燃机的驱动轴距离传动装置轴更远，尤其使得在传动结构在车辆中横向安装的情况下电气机械轴位于内燃机的驱动轴前方和/或下方。因此，传动结构可以更紧凑地设计并且可用的结构空间能被更好地利用。尤其地，由此可以避免对于电气机械来说需要的结构空间与其他构件，例如纵梁和/或机组支承结构和/或制动力增强装置和/或与交通工具冷却器和/或底部边界线的冲突。此外，以此可以增加为电气机械提供的结构空间，并且以此(尤其甚至在实现一个或者多个行驶驱动轴的无干涉运行(德语：Freigang)的情况下)增大电气机械的半径或者说直径，这会有利地影响电气机械的效率。
此外例如可以实现内燃机的驱动轴和行驶驱动轴之间很小的例如约191mm的轴间距，并且实现电气机械轴与行驶驱动轴之间例如约210mm的足够的间距。
此外，通过形式为带有内齿部的空心轮的第一齿轮组和咬合在内齿部中的正齿轮可以实现传动比，该传动比尤其可以被设置，使得第一电气机械以对第一电气机械的效率最佳的转速转动，以此同样能额外地改善其效率。
此外仅需要一个齿啮合，即在空心轮的内齿部和正齿轮之间的啮合。因此可以使得摩擦损耗和磨损现象最小化并且进一步改善效率。
正齿轮尤其可以相对于空心轮偏心地布置。
在优选的设计方案中，内燃机的驱动轴相对于第一和第二电气机械轴平行地、尤其向上错移地布置。因此，第一和第二电气机械轴尤其相对于内燃机的驱动轴平行向下错移地布置。因此可以增大第一和/或第二电气机械的半径并且以此改善电气机械的效率。在优选的设计方案中，驱动轴转动有效地与空心轮连接，并且正齿轮转动有效地与第一电气机械轴连接。因此，传动结构可以以特别简单的方式实施。
在优选的设计方案中，驱动轴通过第三齿轮组与差速器的行驶驱动齿轮能够耦连和/或能够转动有效地连接，其中，第三齿轮组包括外齿部，并且驱动轴转动有效地与该外齿部连接。驱动轴尤其可以通过第三齿轮组并且借助控制元件和/或活动轮与差速器的行驶驱动齿轮能耦连。因此可以在并联运行中(相对于第二电气机械额外地)，内燃机也可以一同用于车辆驱动，或者内燃机也可以单独实现车辆驱动。
在优选的设计方案中，外齿部布置在空心轮上。因此可以实现特别节省空间并且刚性的构造。但是也可以想到的是，外齿部设计为和/或布置为单独的齿轮或者说在驱动轴或者与驱动轴转动有效地连接的构件上的单独的齿部。
在另外的优选设计方案中，传动结构具有中间轴。在此，与第二电气机械轴转动有效地连接的齿轮咬合在中间轴的第一中间轴齿轮中。中间轴的第二中间轴齿轮在此咬合在差速器的行驶驱动齿轮中。第一和第二中间轴齿轮在此可以尤其以固定轮的形式构造在中间轴上。因此，力流例如通过第二电气机械轴的齿轮、第一和第二中间轴齿轮传输至差速器的行驶驱动齿轮。在此，最多需要两个齿啮合，即一方面在第二电气机械轴的齿轮和第一中间轴齿轮之间，另一方面在第二中间轴齿轮与行驶驱动齿轮之间。因此可以使得摩擦损耗和磨损现象最小化。在此，第二齿轮组基本上通过第二电气机械轴的齿轮和通过第一中间轴齿轮构成，其中，通过第二齿轮组、通过中间轴和通过与行驶驱动齿轮咬合的第二中间轴齿轮能驱动行驶驱动齿轮。
在优选的设计方案中，中间轴具有第三中间轴齿轮，其中，驱动轴的或者说空心轮的外齿部咬合在中间轴的第三中间轴齿轮中。由此尤其构成第三齿轮组。在此，第三中间轴齿轮尤其可以构造为活动轮并且能够通过控制元件与中间轴转动有效地耦连。因此，力流可以通过第三齿轮组、例如通过空心轮的外齿部、通过第三中间轴齿轮传输到中间轴上，并且从中间轴通过第二中间轴齿轮传输到行驶驱动齿轮上。在此，最多需要两个齿啮合，即一方面在空心轮的外齿部与第三中间轴齿轮之间，另一方面在第二中间轴齿轮与行驶驱动齿轮之间。因此可以使得摩擦损耗和磨损现象最小化。也可以想到的是，第三中间轴齿轮构造为固定轮，并且驱动轴的或者说空心轮的外齿部构造为活动轮并且通过控制元件与驱动轴转动有效地连接。
在另外的优选设计方案中，传动结构具有耦合轴。在此，空心轮的外齿部尤其可以咬合在耦合轴的第一耦合轴齿轮中。由此尤其构成第三齿轮组。在此，耦合轴的第二耦合轴齿轮可以尤其(例如直接地)咬合在差速器的行驶驱动齿轮中。两个耦合轴齿轮中的一个尤其可以构造为在耦合轴上的固定轮。例如，第一耦合轴齿轮可以构造为在耦合轴上的固定轮，并且第二耦合轴齿轮可以构造为活动轮。在此，通过控制元件可以把构造为活动轮的耦合轴齿轮、尤其第二耦合轴齿轮与耦合轴耦连。因此，力流可以通过第三齿轮组，例如通过空心轮的外齿部，通过第一耦合轴齿轮，通过耦合轴传输到第二耦合轴齿轮上，并且从第二耦合轴齿轮传输到行驶驱动齿轮上。在此，最多需要两个齿啮合，即一方面在空心轮的外齿部和第一耦合轴齿轮之间，另一方面在第二耦合轴齿轮与行驶驱动齿轮之间。因此可以使得摩擦损耗和磨损现象最小化。也可以想到的是，第二耦合轴齿轮构造为固定轮，并且第一耦合轴齿轮构造为活动轮并且通过控制元件与耦合轴能转动有效地连接。
传动结构尤其具有三个轮平面。第一轮平面有利地紧邻内燃机地布置，并且有利地包括第三轮组，即空心轮的外齿部和第一耦合轴齿轮。第三轮平面有利地紧邻电气机械地布置，并且有利地包括第二轮组，即第二电气机械轴的齿轮和第一中间轴齿轮。第二轮平面位于第一和第三轮平面之间并且优选包括第二耦合轴齿轮、第二中间轴齿轮、行驶驱动齿轮和基本上与这些齿轮不咬合的第一轮组，即空心轮和第一电气机械的正齿轮。在另外的不具有耦合轴的有利变型设计中，第一轮平面包括空心轮的外齿部和第三中间轴齿轮，并且第二轮平面仅包括第二中间轴齿轮、行驶驱动齿轮和基本上与这些齿轮不咬合的第一轮组。因此，轴可以是非常短的并且以此是刚性的。在另外的有利设计中，第一轮组可以位于第一轮平面中，因此，空心轮的外齿部和内齿部基本上位于一个轮平面中。
控制元件例如可以以滑动套筒的形式设计。相对于此备选的是，控制元件也可以通过联接器，例如片式离合器构造。
在优选的设计方案中，在第一和/或第二电气机械轴与耦合轴之间的间距小于第二和/或第一电气机械的半径，例如小于从第二和/或第一电气机械的轴向中心到容纳第二和/或第一电气机械的壳体的最外部的周面的间距。因此可以改善第一和/或第二电气机械的半径并且以此改善电气机械的效率。
第一电气机械轴和第二电气机械轴尤其可以彼此同轴地和/或同心地布置。在此，在优选的设计方案中，第一电气机械轴设计为内部轴(实心轴)，第二电气机械轴设计为空心轴。
在优选设计方案中，传动结构具有驻车锁。例如，通过驻车锁能锁停第二电气机械轴或者中间轴。因为，第二电气机械轴和中间轴两者都直接转动有效地与行驶驱动齿轮连接，所以通过锁停这两个轴中的一个，可以相应防止在驻车锁被挂入时在驻车期间车辆的滚动。
在优选设计方案中，第一电气机械轴具有第一和第二电气机械轴区段。在此，第一和第二电气机械区段通过联接器，例如摩擦离合器转动有效地相互连接和相互脱耦。因此，第一电气机械例如在交通工具速度较高时相对于内燃机脱耦并且例如交通工具纯粹内燃机式运行。在此可以避免第一电气机械的拖带引起的拖带损耗。该联接器甚至可以设计为非可控式的过载联离合器。
因此避免开始所述缺点并且实现相应优点。
附图说明
存在多种可行方案用于以有利的方式设计和改进按照本发明的传动结构。下面根据附图和附属的说明进一步阐述按照本发明的传动结构的多个优选设计方案。附图中：
图1示出按照本发明的传动结构的设计方案的示意图；
图2示出示意图，用于表明按照本发明的传动结构的在图1中所示设计方案的轴的布局和直径；
图3示出剖切按照本发明的传动结构的在图1和图2中示出的设计方案的示意性横截面，具有锁停第二电气机械轴的驻车锁；
图4示出按照本发明的传动结构的在图1至图3中示出的设计方案的在剖切平面B-B中的示意性横截面/局部，尤其中间轴；
图5示出按照本发明的传动结构的在图1至图4中示出的设计方案的在剖切平面A-A中的示意性横截面/局部，尤其中间轴和耦合轴；
图6示出剖切按照本发明的传动结构的另外的设计方案的示意性横截面，带有布置在中间轴区域中的驻车锁；
图7示出按照本发明的传动结构的另外的设计方案的示意性横截面，带有第一电气机械轴，其具有能够通过摩擦离合器转动有效地连接和脱耦的第一和第二电气机械轴区段并且带有布置在第二电气机械轴区域中的驻车锁；并且
图8示出剖切按照本发明的，在此以结构呈现的传动结构的在图7中所示设计方案的示意性横截面，
图9示出按照本发明的传动结构的另外的设计方案的示意性横截面；
图10示出示意图，用于表明按照本发明的传动结构的在图9中所示设计方案的轴的布局和直径。
具体实施方式
图1至5，6以及7和8示意性示出用于串联/并联的混合动力车辆的传动结构的(部分地略微)不同的设计方案，该混合动力车辆带有内燃机VKM、发电机式的第一电气机械EM1和发动机式的第二电气机械EM2。在此，发电机式的第一电气机械EM1尤其可以具有比内燃机VKM更高的转速，例如以约1.9的系数高出的转速。
在此，通过可由内燃机VKM驱动的驱动轴WVKM经由第一齿轮组1可以例如以约为i＝2的总传动比驱动配属于第一电气机械EM1的第一电气机械轴WEM1。在此，通过配属于第二电气机械EM2的第二电气机械轴WEM2经由第二齿轮组2、经由中间轴WZW能例如以约i＝8的总传动比驱动交通工具的差速器D的行驶驱动齿轮ZD。第一和第二电气机械轴WEM1、WEM2在此彼此同轴和同心地布置，其中，第一电气机械轴WEM1以内部轴(实心轴)的形式构造，第二电气机械轴WEM2以包围该内部轴的空心轴的形式构造。
在串联式运行时，功率可以从内燃机VKM通过第一齿轮组1传输到发电机式的第一电气机械EM1上，并且通过发电机式的第一电气机械EM1转化为电能。随后能够利用该电能使发动机式的第二电气机械EM2运行并且通过第二齿轮组2或者通过中间轴WZW驱动交通工具。
在此，通过第三齿轮组3和/或耦合轴WK或者说借助控制元件S，驱动轴WVKM还可以与差速器D的行驶驱动齿轮ZD耦连。
在并联运行时，交通工具可以(相对于发动机式的第二电气机械EM2额外地)通过第三齿轮组3和耦合轴WK(在控制元件S闭合时)被内燃机VKM例如以约i＝3.5-2.4的总传动比驱动。
附图示出，第一齿轮组1具有带有内齿部ZHI的空心轮ZH和咬合在空心轮ZH的内齿部ZHI中的正齿轮ZEM1。在此，正齿轮ZEM1相对于空心轮ZH偏心地布置。在此，驱动轴WVKM转动有效地与空心轮ZH连接，并且正齿轮ZEM1转动有效地与第一电气机械轴WEM1连接。在此，驱动轴WVKM相对于第一和第二电气机械轴WEM1，WEM2平行错移地布置。
附图还示出，传动结构具有中间轴WZ，中间轴带有固定轮形式的第一和第二中间轴齿轮ZZW1，ZZW2。在此，第二齿轮组2通过与第二电气机械轴EM2转动有效地连接的、固定轮形式的齿轮ZEM2和与该固定轮咬合的中间轴齿轮ZZW1构成。配设有第二中间轴齿轮ZZW2，第二中间轴齿轮ZZW2咬合在差速器D的同样固定轮形式的行驶驱动齿轮ZD中。相应的力流就能通过第二齿轮组2、经过中间轴WZ向第二中间轴齿轮ZZW2传输到行驶驱动齿轮ZD上。
附图还示出，传动结构具有耦合轴WK，耦合轴具有固定轮形式的第一耦合轴齿轮ZK1和活动轮形式的第二耦合轴齿轮ZK2。在此，第三齿轮组3通过空心轮ZH的外齿部ZHA和第一耦合轴齿轮ZK1构成，空心轮ZH的外齿部ZHA咬合在第一耦合轴齿轮ZK1中。尤其直接地咬合在差速器D的行驶驱动齿轮ZD中的第二耦合轴齿轮ZK2尤其构造为活动轮并且通过例如滑动套筒或者联接器形式的控制元件S与耦合轴WK能耦连。相应的力流可以通过第三齿轮组3、通过耦合轴WK和通过第二耦合轴齿轮ZK2传输至行驶驱动轮ZD(在滑动套筒接入时或者在控制元件接入时)。
图1，2，3，5，7和8还示出，在第一或第二电气机械轴WEM1,WEM2与耦合轴WK之间的间距小于第一或第二电气机械EM1,EM2的半径，尤其小于第一或第二电气机械EM1,EM2的轴向中心到容纳第一或第二电气机械EM1,EM2的壳体的最外部的周面的间距。
上述设计基本上涉及不同实施方式的基本的共同点。现在详细介绍不同之处：
在图1至图5所示的设计方案中，第二电气机械轴WEM2通过驻车锁P能锁停。
在图6所示的设计方案中，中间轴WZW通过驻车锁P能锁停。
在图7和图8所示的设计方案中(类似于图1至图5所示的设计方案)，第二电气机械轴WEM2通过驻车锁P能锁停。此外，在该设计方案中，第一电气机械轴WEM1具有第一和第二电气机械轴区段WEM1a、WEM1b，其中，第一和第二电气机械轴区段WEM1a、WEM1b能够通过联接器RK、例如摩擦离合器转动有效地相互连接和相互脱耦。因此，第一电气机械EM1例如在交通工具速度较高时从内燃机VKM脱耦并且例如交通工具纯粹内燃机式运行，并且避免第一电气机械EM1的拖带引起的拖带损耗。也可以想到的是，联接器(RK)构造为滑动离合器，使得在交通工具制动情况中，第一电气机械EM1的惯性质量能相对于内燃机的驱动轴脱耦。
此外可以想到的是，相对于联接器(RK)备选地或者额外地，有联接器有效地配设和/或布置在第二电气机械和第二齿轮组之间。
在图1至图8中所示的设计方案中，耦合轴WK布置在中间轴WZW上方。然而同样可行的是，耦合轴WK和中间轴WZW从上换到下地调换。
图9和图10示意性示出按照本发明的传动结构的另外的实施方式。仅仅介绍相对于图1和图2示出的结构的区别。附图示出，中间轴WZW具有活动轮形式的第三中间轴齿轮ZZW3。在此，第三齿轮组3通过空心轮ZH的外齿部ZHA和第二中间轴齿轮ZZW2构成，空心轮ZH的外齿部ZHA咬合在第三中间轴齿轮ZZW3中，第二中间轴齿轮ZZW2尤其直接地咬合在差速器D的行驶驱动齿轮ZD中。尤其构造为活动轮的第三中间轴齿轮ZZW3通过例如滑动套筒或者联接器形式的控制元件S与中间轴WZW能耦连。相应的力流可以通过第三齿轮组3、即此外还通过中间轴WZW和通过第二中间轴齿轮ZZW2传输至行驶驱动轮ZD(在滑动套筒接入时或者在控制元件接入时)。
图9和图10示出在轴之间的布局和间距的示例，即第一或第二电气机械轴WEM1,WEM2以较小的间距布置在驱动轴WVKM下方和前方，并且位于最下方的中间轴WZW相对于第一或第二电气机械轴WEM1,WEM2的间距小于或者基本上等于相对于驱动轴WVKM的间距。第一或第二电气机械轴WEM1,WEM2和中间轴WZW也可以在驱动轴WVKM或行驶驱动轴WD上方布置。
附图标记列表：
VKM 内燃机
WVKM 驱动轴
ZH 空心轮
ZHI 内齿部
EM1 尤其发电机式的第一电气机械
WEM1 第一电气机械轴
WEM1a 第一电气机械轴区段
WEM1b 第二电气机械轴区段
ZEM1 第一电气机械轴的正齿轮
EM2 尤其发动机式的第二电气机械
WEM2 第二电气机械轴
ZEM2 第二电气机械轴的齿轮
D 差速器
WD 行驶驱动轴
ZD 行驶驱动齿轮
WZW 中间轴
ZZW1 第一中间轴齿轮
ZZW2 第二中间轴齿轮
ZZW3 第三中间轴齿轮
WK 耦合轴
S 控制元件
ZK1 第一耦合轴齿轮
ZK2 第二耦合轴齿轮
1 第一齿轮组
2 第二齿轮组
3 第三齿轮组
P 驻车锁
RK 联接器
ZMS 双质量飞轮

Claims (9)

1.一种用于串联/并联的混合动力车辆的传动结构，所述混合动力车辆带有内燃机(VKM)、发电机式的第一电气机械(EM1)和发动机式的第二电气机械(EM2)，其中，通过可由内燃机(VKM)驱动的驱动轴(WVKM)经由第一齿轮组(1)能驱动配属于第一电气机械(EM1)的第一电气机械轴(WEM1)，并且其中，通过配属于第二电气机械(EM2)的第二电气机械轴(WEM2)经由第二齿轮组(2)能驱动交通工具的差速器(D)的行驶驱动齿轮(ZD)，其特征在于，所述第一齿轮组(1)具有带有内齿部(ZHI)的空心轮(ZH)和咬合在所述空心轮(ZH)的内齿部(ZHI)中的正齿轮(ZEM1)，其中，所述驱动轴(WVKM)转动有效地与所述空心轮(ZH)连接，并且所述正齿轮(ZEM1)转动有效地与所述第一电气机械轴(WEM1)连接，所述第一电气机械轴(WEM1)和第二电气机械轴(WEM2)彼此同轴地和同心地布置，并且其中，所述第一电气机械轴(WEM1)设计为内部轴，并且第二电气机械轴(WEM2)设计为空心轴，并且其中，所述驱动轴(WVKM)能通过第三齿轮组(3)与差速器(D)的行驶驱动齿轮(ZD)耦连或者说转动有效地连接，并且所述第三齿轮组(3)包括外齿部(ZHA)，其中，所述驱动轴(WVKM)转动有效地与所述外齿部(ZHA)连接，其中，所述外齿部(ZHA)布置在所述空心轮(ZH)上，并且所述驱动轴(WVKM)相对于第一和相对于第二电气机械轴(WEM1,WEM2)平行错移地布置。
2.按照权利要求1所述的传动结构，其特征在于，所述传动结构具有中间轴(WZW)，其中，与所述第二电气机械轴(WEM2)转动有效地连接的齿轮(ZEM2)咬合在所述中间轴(WZM)的第一中间轴齿轮(ZZW1)中，并且其中，所述中间轴(WZW)的第二中间轴齿轮(ZZW2)咬合在所述差速器(D)的行驶驱动齿轮(ZD)中。
3.按照权利要求2所述的传动结构，其特征在于，所述外齿部(ZHA)咬合在所述中间轴(WZW)的第三中间轴齿轮(ZZW3)中，其中，所述第三中间轴齿轮(ZZW3)设计为活动轮，并且其中，所述第三中间轴齿轮(ZZW3)通过控制元件(S)与中间轴(WZW)转动有效地耦连。
4.按照权利要求1所述的传动结构，其特征在于，所述传动结构具有耦合轴(WK)，其中，所述外齿部(ZHA)咬合在所述耦合轴(WK)的第一耦合轴齿轮(ZK1)中，其中，所述耦合轴(WK)的第二耦合轴齿轮(ZK2)咬合在差速器(D)的行驶驱动齿轮(ZD)中，并且其中，所述第二耦合轴齿轮(ZK2)通过控制元件(S)与第一耦合轴齿轮(ZK1)转动有效地耦连。
5.按照权利要求4所述的传动结构，其特征在于，在所述第一和/或第二电气机械轴(WEM1,WEM2)与所述耦合轴(WK)之间的间距小于第一和/或第二电气机械(EM1,EM2)的半径。
6.按照权利要求2所述的传动结构，其特征在于，所述传动结构具有驻车锁(P)，其中，所述第二电气机械轴(WEM2)或者中间轴(WZW)能够通过所述驻车锁(P)被锁停。
7.按照权利要求6所述的传动结构，其特征在于，所述第二电气机械轴(WEM2)或者中间轴(WZW)具有驻车锁轮。
8.按照权利要求1所述的传动结构，其特征在于，所述第一电气机械轴(WEM1)具有第一和第二电气机械轴区段(WEM1a,WEM1b)，其中，所述第一和第二电气机械轴区段(WEM1a,WEM1b)能够通过联接器(RK)转动有效地相互连接和相互脱耦。
9.按照权利要求8所述的传动结构，其特征在于，所述第一和第二电气机械轴区段(WEM1a,WEM1b)能够通过摩擦离合器转动有效地相互连接和相互脱耦。
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