CN110512900B - Assembly type green Tibetan blockhouse and building method thereof - Google Patents
Assembly type green Tibetan blockhouse and building method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN110512900B CN110512900B CN201910735065.3A CN201910735065A CN110512900B CN 110512900 B CN110512900 B CN 110512900B CN 201910735065 A CN201910735065 A CN 201910735065A CN 110512900 B CN110512900 B CN 110512900B
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
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- E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
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- E04B1/76—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
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- E04B1/82—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to sound only
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- E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
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Abstract
The invention provides an assembled green Tibetan pillbox house and a construction method thereof. The pillbox house includes: the blockhouse comprises a blockhouse foundation, an assembled composite external wall board, a horizontal beam, an assembled internal wall board, an assembled floor slab, an assembled roof board and a sunlight house, wherein the blockhouse foundation is used for supporting the blockhouse; the assembly type composite external wall panel is arranged on the surface of the pillbox foundation along the vertical direction; the horizontal beam is arranged on the upper part of the assembled composite external wall panel; the assembled inner wall board is arranged inside the pillbox house; the fabricated floor is connected with the horizontal beam; the assembly type roof board is arranged at the top of the pillbox house; sunshine room set up in between assembled roof boarding and the room of pillbox sublevel layer assembled floor. The construction method comprises the steps of prefabricating the assembled composite external wall panel, the assembled internal wall panel, the assembled floor slab and the assembled roof panel; preliminary assembly; and (5) installing a sunlight room to finish assembly. The components used by the pillbox house are prefabricated in advance, and the pillbox house is assembled after the house is built, so that the building period can be greatly shortened.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of buildings, in particular to an assembled green Tibetan pillbox and a construction method thereof.
Background
The Tibetan building art is rich in national and epoch characteristics in the Chinese building art, is mostly built according to mountains and has large scale, and the most representative house is the pillbox house. The blockhouse is mainly of a stone wood structure, the outer wall of the house is thick, and the style is simple and rough; the outer wall shrinks upwards, and the inner slope is still vertical according to mountain building. The pillbox house is generally divided into two layers, the bottom layer is a livestock pen and a storage chamber, and the layer height is lower; the second floor is a living floor, and the large room is used as a house, a bedroom, a kitchen and the small room is used as a storage room or a staircase. Nowadays, in the middle of some traditional Tibetan villages, there are many new-type blockhouses under construction or built, often lack the building system of traditional Tibetan blockhouse, and more young generations directly select to construct cottage, villa, one-storey house, though also can apply some Tibetan symbols, nevertheless can not go into with traditional Tibetan village style and style, and traditional Tibetan building culture is suffering modern building culture strong impact.
At present, the development of traditional Tibetan houses in mountain regions faces a plurality of problems. On the one hand, traditional Tibetan houses are poor in functionality, low in structural safety degree and poor in seismic resistance, and the building construction period is long, so that the problem that a novel building structure system which accords with the traditional Tibetan houses is needed to be solved urgently is found. On the other hand, most traditional Tibetan residential buildings are built by the traditional rubble building mode, the residential construction technology is backward, the labor production efficiency is low, the construction speed is slow, the application level of a new process is low, and the energy-saving effect of the buildings is backward. On the other hand, because the weather reason, traditional tibetan family pillbox building thermal insulation performance is poor, because natural stone material leads to the wall body of building too thick as outer wall material's reason, indoor usage space arranges the dumb, the division of building, it is less to advance deeply, the layer height is lower, the area of windowing of building is little, indoor daylighting is not enough, in case the outage, the daily life of tibetan people will receive great influence, also can lead to indoor outer natural draft to have great problem simultaneously, the tibetan people carries out daily life activity in the pillbox room, activities such as cheese preparation, the pillbox room bottom of part is the room of livestock simultaneously, indoor air updates speed slower, indoor air quality will receive the influence, the peculiar smell can't in time discharge. And, the difference in temperature of tibetan area morning and evening is great, has the saying that "wear cotton-padded jacket noon to wear yarn" early, and solar radiation's on daytime ultraviolet ray is great, leads to the temperature on daytime higher, should utilize current technique, utilizes solar thermal radiation energy, and traditional pillbox room does not possess this performance, leads to the inside and outside temperature of pillbox room to change along with outdoor temperature's change. Therefore, some areas have the custom of giving birth to the heating of naked light in inside, and traditional tibetan family pillbox room is inside to be close beam wood floor, and the wall is also multi-purpose timber and decorates, easily leads to the conflagration, has more restricted application and the popularization of traditional tibetan family pillbox room in modern building field. Therefore, the construction mode of the traditional Tibetan house needs to be improved, and the novel green Tibetan traditional house which is simple in structure, reasonable in design, convenient to construct, green, energy-saving, low in input cost, short in construction period and good in using effect is provided.
To sum up, new-type tibetan family pillbox room needs to have good daylighting, basic building demands such as ventilation, should actively adopt modern outstanding building technology simultaneously, actively respond the national call, under the prerequisite that satisfies building culture inheritance, carry out the application of appropriate new technology, reach high-efficient, energy-conservation, environmental protection, green new-type tibetan family pillbox room building, consequently, in the middle of design and the construction that actively will prefabricated assembly technique and green building technology fortune used traditional tibetan family pillbox room, be the urgent need of society and national culture inheritance.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, it is an object of the present invention to address one or more of the problems in the prior art as set forth above. For example, one of the objectives of the present invention is to provide an energy-saving and heat-insulating green Sichuan blockhouse assembled by assembling.
In order to achieve the above object, an aspect of the present invention provides a prefabricated green tibetan blockhouse, which is characterized in that the blockhouse may include: pillbox house foundation, fabricated composite external wall panel, wall stud, constructional column, horizontal beam, fabricated internal wall panel, fabricated floor slab, fabricated roof panel and sunshine house, wherein, the pillbox house foundation is arranged underground for supporting the pillbox house; the prefabricated composite external wall panel is arranged on a pillbox foundation along the vertical direction and comprises a plurality of prefabricated composite external wall sub-panels, the plurality of prefabricated composite external wall sub-panels are connected in parallel to form one side external wall of the Tibetan pillbox, the prefabricated composite external wall panel takes a reinforced concrete sash as a framework, an expanded polystyrene board material is filled in the framework, and concrete is taken as a pouring material to form the prefabricated composite external wall panel; the wall studs are arranged between the assembled composite external wall sub-boards on the same plane and used for connecting the assembled composite external wall sub-boards on the same plane; the constructional column is arranged between the assembled composite external wall sub-boards on different planes and is used for connecting the assembled composite external wall sub-boards on different planes; the horizontal beam is arranged above each layer of the fabricated composite external wall panel; the assembly type inner wall board is arranged inside the pillbox room and is used for isolating the pillbox room into houses with unequal areas; the assembled floor slab is connected with the horizontal beam and used for isolating the number of pillbox rooms; the assembly type roof board is arranged at the top of the blockhouse; sunshine room set up in between assembled roof boarding and the room sublevel assembled floor of pillbox, the lateral surface in sunshine room sets up to glass.
Another aspect of the present invention provides a method of building an assembled green tibetan pillbox house, which may comprise the steps of: constructing a pillbox house model according to the energy-saving and heat-preserving requirements; according to the pillbox house model, prefabricating a pillbox house foundation, an assembled composite external wall board, a wall stud, a constructional column, an assembled internal wall board, an assembled floor slab, a horizontal beam and an assembled roof board; preliminarily assembling the pillbox house; installation sunshine room accomplishes the assembly of green family pillbox room of hiding, wherein, the step of prefabricated assembled compound side fascia includes: assembling a steel template, manufacturing a frame-type steel reinforcement framework, putting the frame-type steel reinforcement framework into the steel template, adding a filling material expanded polystyrene board and controlling the thickness of the filling material expanded polystyrene board; carrying out concrete pouring to form a primary composite external wall panel; performing standard maintenance, namely dismantling the steel template to prepare and obtain the assembled composite external wall panel; the pillbox house preliminary assembly steps include: fixing a pillbox house foundation; respectively casting the assembled composite external wall daughter board, the constructional column and the wall stud in situ on the pillbox foundation and casting the composite external wall daughter board, the wall stud and the constructional column in situ; installing a horizontal beam and an assembled floor slab; wallboard assembled roof boarding in the installation assembled forms blockhouse whole frame, accomplishes blockhouse preliminary assembly.
In one exemplary embodiment of the method for constructing the assembled Tibetan pillbox house of the present invention, the step of prefabricating the assembled composite external wall panel further comprises utilizing a counter-beating technique to dispose original slate imitated Tibetan house exterior wall slate on the surface of the assembled composite external wall panel.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the components such as the fabricated composite external wall panel, the fabricated internal wall panel, the fabricated floor slab, the fabricated roof panel and the like used by the pillbox house are prefabricated in advance, and are assembled after the house is built, so that the building construction period can be greatly shortened, and the economic, manpower and material losses caused by overlong construction time are reduced;
(2) according to the pillbox house, the roof panel and the external wall panel are both provided with the energy-saving heat-insulating material with a certain thickness, so that the heating energy-saving rate of the pillbox house can be improved, the energy consumption can be reduced to a great extent, and the living comfort is improved;
(3) the window wall ratio of the pillbox house is reasonable, and good ventilation and natural lighting are achieved;
(4) the pillbox house has a lower body shape coefficient, the whole design mechanism is reasonable, and the pillbox house has good heat preservation, heat insulation and sound insulation performance by controlling the energy-saving window material, the arrangement and the material of each assembled component and the like;
(5) the pillbox building method is simple, the pillbox can be formed through assembly, the building period is short, and the cost is low.
Drawings
The above and other objects and features of the present invention will become more apparent from the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:
fig. 1 shows an overall schematic diagram of a fitted green tibetan pillbox room of one exemplary embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 shows an expanded schematic diagram of a fitted green tibetan pillbox structure of an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 illustrates a fitted green tibetan pillbox structural connection schematic of an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 illustrates a fitted green tibetan pillbox wall stud, fitted composite exterior wall panel, and pillbox foundation connection schematic of an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 illustrates a schematic view of a solar room configuration according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 illustrates a graphical representation of the heating power consumption and its corresponding energy savings for a fabricated roof panel in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a graphical representation of the heating power consumption and the corresponding energy savings for a fabricated composite exterior wall panel according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 8 shows the temperature and humidity profiles inside and outside the interior chamber of the prefabricated green tibetan pillbox room 24h according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, wherein a is a schematic diagram of house detection points, B is a temperature profile, and C is a humidity profile.
Detailed Description
Hereinafter, the assembled green Sichuan blockhouse and the construction method thereof according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and exemplary embodiments.
Particularly, the assembled Tibetan pillbox house adopts the novel technical means of prefabricated standardized design, industrialized production and manufacturing, specialized distribution mode, assembled construction and Building Informatization (BIM) management in the whole building process, ensures that the novel building technology is reasonably applied to the modern construction of traditional buildings, realizes the prefabrication, industrialization, intensification and human culture of the whole building process of the Tibetan pillbox house, and has the advantages of energy conservation, shock resistance, ecological green, quick building, economy and applicability and the like compared with the traditional Tibetan pillbox house. The method aims to provide a certain technical support and engineering demonstration basis for realizing the prefabrication and assembly of modern Tibetan pillboxes, actively responds to the village joy strategy, and achieves the aims of industrial flourishing, ecological livable, countryside wind civilization, effective treatment and rich life.
One aspect of the present invention provides an assembled green tibetan pillbox house. In one exemplary embodiment of the fitted green family pillbox of the present invention, the family pillbox may be a multi-layered pillbox, such as 4-or 6-layered pillbox. As shown in fig. 1, the family pillbox room may be a three-layered family pillbox room. The Tibetan pillbox house may include a pillbox house foundation 1, fabricated composite exterior wall panels 2, wall studs (as shown in fig. 3), construction studs (as shown in fig. 3), horizontal beams 3, fabricated interior wall panels 4, fabricated floor panels 5, fabricated roof panels 6, and sunlight house 7, wherein,
pillbox base 1 sets up in the underground for support whole pillbox room system as the basis of pillbox room. Each layer of outer wall in pillbox room is formed by assembled composite exterior wall panel 2. The assembled composite external wall panel 2 is used for enclosing to form pillbox room space. The assembled composite external wall panel 2 of bottom encircles and sets up perpendicularly on pillbox basis 1. In starting from pillbox house basis 1 along vertical direction, set up respectively into assembled composite exterior wall panel 2, set up in horizontal beam 3 on assembled composite exterior wall panel upper portion, at the assembled composite exterior wall panel that horizontal beam upper portion set up, then horizontal beam, assembled composite exterior wall panel and horizontal beam set gradually up to pillbox roof layer. The top layer is provided with an assembled roof panel 6. The prefabricated interior wall panel 4 sets up in the inside of every layer pillbox room for it forms the house inside to cut apart the pillbox room. The prefabricated floor slab 5 is used for dividing pillbox house floors, is arranged on the upper part of each layer of prefabricated roof slabs and is connected with the horizontal beam of each layer. The sunlight room 7 is arranged between the fabricated roof panel 6 and the fabricated floor slab on the second top layer. The setting direction of the sunlight room can be adjusted according to the local sunlight irradiation direction.
In this embodiment, the surface of the fabricated composite external wall panel 2 is provided with original slate imitated Tibetan style house external wall slate. Original slabstone imitates hides formula house external wall slabstone as the decoration panel, imitates the tradition and hides formula pillhouse house external wall slabstone texture to utilize and counter beat the technique and set up in the surface of assembled composite external wall panel 2. The assembled composite external wall plate-stone reverse-beating technology includes beating facing stone material for building external wall into concrete in advance in factory to form integral prefabricated building parts (column, beam, wall, etc.). The main method is that the natural slabstone special for the region of the Tibetan nationality is pre-paved on a platform base or a bottom die of a flat steel die, so that the outer surface of the wallboard is arranged below, the inner surface is opposite to the 'direct hitting' on the upper surface, and the process can be used for casting the outer wall surface of the outer wall concrete and simultaneously manufacturing the texture and the decorative pattern of the decorative surface of the outer surface. The thickness of the natural stone sheet may be 25mm to 30mm, for example, 28 mm. Above-mentioned anti technique of beating can make the stone material position accurate, and the surface is regular, adheres to firmly, when satisfying the decoration of traditional tibetan family pillbox room surface, the whole assembly improves the construction progress. The original rubble imitated Tibetan house outer wall rubble is fused with the traditional process and the modern building technology, and is revived again under the modern construction process of the traditional national building culture. The assembled composite external wall panel can be prefabricated in a factory and can carry out integral collection and division treatment on the building according to the appearance specification of the Tibetan traditional building, so that the axial stress of the building can be enhanced, and the integral stability of the building can be improved.
In this embodiment, the assembled composite external wall panel 2 may also be hung with a national decorative ox head member 16 or other national totem members. And the assembled composite external wall panel 2 is also provided with a prefabricated assembled energy-saving window 8. According to the specific geographical climate conditions of the Tibetan region, the regulation and control of the body form factor of the building are controlled so as to reduce unnecessary heat loss of an external maintenance structure of the blockhouse. Avoid traditional area of windowing in the middle of the Tibetan building little, the quantity of windowing is few, the position of windowing is high etc. shortcoming, reduce the ventilation of building and the adverse effect of natural lighting, should ensure the window wall proportionality coefficient of pillbox room structure. According to pillbox room control window wall than, wherein, north can be controlled at 0.100 ~ 0.105, south can be controlled at 0.190 ~ 0.205, west can be controlled at 0.135 ~ 0.143, east can be controlled at 0.045 ~ 0.053. For example, the north window wall ratio coefficient is 0.103, the south window wall ratio coefficient is 0.199, the west window wall ratio coefficient is 0.139, and the east building window wall ratio coefficient is 0.049. Energy-conserving window of assembled 8 can set up 2 ~ 6 on each side of every layer pillbox room. Of course, the number of the assembled energy-saving windows arranged in each pillbox room is not limited to the number, and the assembled energy-saving windows can be arranged according to the size of a house. For example, in order to reach better window wall ratio, 4 energy-conserving windows of assembled can be installed to the south of pillbox room, and 6 energy-conserving windows of assembled can be installed to the north, and 3 energy-conserving windows of assembled can be installed to the east, and 5 energy-conserving windows of assembled can be installed to the west. The horizontal beam 3 is shown above the fabricated energy saving window 8. According to the orientation that the pillbox room set up, north to can adopt bridge cut-off aluminum alloy Low-e coating film double glazing glass window with the energy-conserving window of east assembled 8, south and west can adopt bridge cut-off aluminum alloy PET Low-e film glazing glass window.
Above, to the rainwater seepage scheduling problem that door and window probably appears, can increase drainage strip and whole windowsill board on the window body. Under the addition of the prefabricated assembly type technology, the prefabricated energy-saving window has the advantages of being detachable, easy to maintain and various in practical application, when prefabricated construction is carried out, the energy-saving window can be selected and matched according to the actual requirements of users and the geographical climate conditions of a building base address, and meanwhile, the replacement design and treatment of the external window of the old traditional building can be carried out according to the size of the external window of the old building. But when installation or change, need notice the combination mode of the window opening of building's external window and building, the combination gas tightness of the window opening of putting into focus on building external window and building is handled, selects the high joint mode of security performance to increase the service life of external window and the heat preservation heat-proof quality of in-service use, promote the actual application efficiency of reality of prefabricated green tibetan family stone pillbox room to the maximum value, reduce unnecessary performance source loss, guarantee stability, security, the aesthetic property of resident when using.
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, an access zone 9 is also provided at the first level of the pillbox. Get into district 9 cooperation and be provided with prefabricated energy-conserving tradition tibetan family timber 13 and be used for getting into pillbox room inside. The door of prefabricated energy-conserving tradition tibetan family timber is provided with the door fight and the air curtain outward, can reduce the heat loss that cold wind invades and brings winter. Above the access area 9 a terrace 10 may be provided. The terraces 10 can be enclosed with prefabricated wooden fences 11. The balcony 10 can be provided with a heat-preservation energy-saving finished product plastic steel door or a wood door 12. Of course, the pillbox room of the present invention may be provided without the terrace 10.
In this embodiment, the surface of the fabricated floor 5 may be paved with tiles or wood floors. Of course, other materials may be laid as desired by the user. The assembled floor slab 5 and the assembled inner wall slab 4 can be connected by adopting a wood structure or a light steel keel structure. The assembled inner wallboard 4 is a heat-insulating inner wallboard. And the surface of the assembled inner wallboard 4 is provided with an energy-saving environment-friendly decoration panel.
In this embodiment, the prefabricated roof panels 6 may be internally provided with expanded polystyrene boards of a certain thickness. The thickness of the expanded polystyrene board can influence the heat preservation and heating effects of the assembled roof board. The heating energy consumption data of the fabricated roof panel and the traditional roof insulation material (XPS) are shown in the table 1 (the unit of the heating energy consumption data in the table is KW.h/m)2)，A general diagram of heating energy consumption and corresponding heating energy saving rate is shown in fig. 6. Add expanded polystyrene board material in assembled roof boarding, compare with traditional stone pillbox house top, the promotion that heating economizer rate is showing is obtained. In order to obtain better heat preservation and heating effects, the thickness of the expanded polystyrene plate can be set to be 70-90 mm. When the thickness of the expanded polystyrene plate exceeds 80mm, the heating energy saving rate is not obviously increased, and more preferably, the thickness of the expanded polystyrene plate is 75 mm-80 mm.
TABLE 1
In this embodiment, the pillbox structures in fig. 1 are deployed as shown in fig. 2. Including the pillbox house basis 200 (the pillbox house basis here can be whole and set up also can be that a plurality of basic components constitute and set up respectively under the assembled external wall panel), the assembled composite external wall panel 201 of setting on the pillbox house basis, the energy-conserving window 202 of assembled that sets up on the assembled composite external wall panel, get into the inside energy-conserving tradition of pillbox house tibetan family timber 203 of pillbox house, horizontal beam 204 (including top horizontal beam 216), assembled interior wallboard 205, wooden rail 206, assembled floor 207, steel door or timber 208 are moulded to energy-conserving finished product that keeps warm, the interior decorative wall panel 209 that sets up on the assembled interior wallboard, stair 210, assembled roof boarding 211, the hope wind angle 212 of setting on the horizontal beam of top, the sunshine room includes the wooden partition 213 that the bottom set up, outside PET Low-e membrane cavity glass 214 and top Low-e coating film double-layer cavity glass 215.
In this embodiment, the fabricated composite external wall panel may be a fabricated composite external wall panel formed by using frame-type reinforced concrete as a framework, filling the framework with an expanded polystyrene board material (EPS), and using concrete as a casting material. The expanded polystyrene board material is fixed in the reinforced concrete sash of the outer wall by adopting adhesive bonding and mechanical anchoring modes. The thickness of expanded polystyrene board material can influence the energy-conserving effect of heating of tibetan family pillbox room. The heating energy consumption data of the assembled composite external wall panel and the traditional wall surface heat insulation material (xps) are shown in table 2 (heat insulation energy in the table)The unit of the heating consumption data is KW.h/m2) The statistical chart of heating energy consumption and the corresponding energy saving rate is shown in fig. 7. Compare in traditional stone pillbox room, the heating fractional energy saving obtains promoting to the heating fractional energy saving increases along with the increase of inflation polyphenyl board thickness. It is preferable that the thickness of the expanded polystyrene plate be set to 70mm to 90mm in consideration of economical factors. When the thickness of the expanded polystyrene plate exceeds 80mm, the heating energy saving rate is not obviously increased along with the increase of the thickness of the expanded polystyrene plate. More preferably, the expanded polystyrene plate may have a thickness of 75 to 80 mm. The assembled composite external wall panel can also comprise a protective layer made of polymer plastering mortar, an alkali-resistant glass fiber mesh cloth as a reinforcing layer and an external decorative surface as paint. Other decorative materials can be arranged on the surface of the assembled composite external wall panel. The above arrangement can play the effects of heat preservation in winter, heat insulation in summer and decoration protection for buildings. The fabricated composite external wall panel can be adjusted by changing production technical parameters according to the use requirements. The receipts that can carry out the outer wall when the compound side fascia of assembled is prefabricated divide the processing to reach the receipts of tradition tibetan family stone pillbox room outward appearance and divide the outward appearance, the culture landscape of the tradition tibetan family building of the adaptation. The assembled composite external wall panel divides the integral block system into the frame-type reinforced concrete keel system as a framework and the heat-insulating block filling system, converts the original integral blocks into modular proportioning combination according to actual needs, designs the reinforced concrete frame lattice according to the modular requirements of building design and factory manufacture, and simultaneously manufactures the heat-insulating filling blocks inside the keel according to the size of the reinforced concrete keel, thereby having the advantages of environmental protection, safety, comfort and saving. In addition, the assembled composite external wall panel refers to a common building wall construction method ' wood-frame mud wall ' mode in ancient buildings in China, so that the assembled composite external wall panel has a practical application effect of ' no collapse of a wall when a house falls when an earthquake occurs. The building external collection and separation treatment and the structural strength of modern reinforced concrete have extremely excellent anti-seismic performance when dealing with earthquakes with certain strength, and can better protect the life and property safety of the Tibetan siblings.
TABLE 2
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 3, the prefabricated composite exterior wall panel may include a plurality of prefabricated composite exterior wall panels. Vertical reserved anchoring ribs 300 are respectively arranged at two ends of each assembled composite outer wall sub-board in the vertical direction, and transverse reserved anchoring ribs 301 are respectively arranged at two ends of each assembled composite outer wall sub-board in the horizontal direction. The vertical anchor muscle of reserving of assembled compound side fascia of first layer pillbox room is used for connecting the horizontal beam of pillbox room basis and first layer pillbox room. The vertical anchor muscle of reserving of assembled composite external wall panel more than the second layer connects each layer pillbox room horizontal beam respectively. The anchor muscle is transversely reserved and is used for connecting each assembled compound outer wall daughter board in order to constitute pillbox room outer wall. The pillbox room may also include a wall column 302 and a construction column 303. Because the building area that probably has part pillbox room is too big, causes the outer wall of needs to hand over wide, prepares a monoblock outer wall and probably has the restriction in technology, consequently need get up the compound outer wall board of the great assembled of polylith assembled outer wall daughter board interconnect in order to constitute the area. The wall studs 302 are arranged between the fabricated composite external wall sub-boards on the same plane and used for connecting the fabricated composite external wall sub-boards. Two ends of the column 302 between the walls along the vertical direction are respectively provided with a column reserved tie bar 304 between the walls. Both ends that the drawknot muscle 304 was reserved to the wall pillbox all are connected with horizontal beam (the one end that the drawknot muscle was reserved to the wall pillbox that first layer pillbox room set up is connected with the pillbox room foundatin, and the other end is connected with horizontal beam). The constructional column 303 is used for connecting fabricated composite exterior wall sub-boards with different planes, namely, fabricated composite exterior wall sub-boards with a certain included angle between the fabricated composite exterior wall sub-boards. Two ends of the constructional column 303 in the vertical direction are respectively provided with a constructional column reserved anchoring rib 305. The constructional column reserves anchor muscle 305 and is used for fixing constructional column 303 and setting up between pillbox room basis and prefabricated roof boarding or between the prefabricated roof boarding of each layer pillbox room. The constructional column 303 is connected with the transverse reserved anchoring ribs arranged on the assembled composite external wall panels on different planes in a nesting mode through the reserved anchoring ribs arranged on the constructional column, and then the constructional column is fixed in a cast-in-place mode. Steel reinforcement cages are provided in the structural columns and wall studs shown to enhance their strength.
And floor reserved tie bars 306 are arranged at two ends of the fabricated floor. The reserved tie bar 306 of the floor slab is connected with the vertical reserved tie bar of the assembled composite external wall panel. The floor slab reserved tie bars 306 may include reserved upper layer tie bars and reserved lower layer tie bars. The reserved anchoring ribs of the reserved lower-layer tie ribs and the reserved anchoring ribs of the assembled composite external wall panel between the upper-layer tie ribs and the lower-layer tie ribs are connected in a wet-process cast-in-place mode, and are connected with the assembled composite external wall panel, the wall studs and the constructional columns in a cast-in-place mode. The post-cast layer of the fabricated floor (after the post-cast layer is cast in situ by the floor, the external wall and the constructional columns, and finally the post-cast layer is cast on the floor to ensure that the floor surface is flush with the floor and the top of the external wall so as to ensure the final ground pavement) is flush with the tops of the wall studs and the constructional columns, and finally, the ceramic tile or the wood floor is laid on the surface layer of the fabricated floor so as to achieve the beautiful and comfortable effect.
As shown in fig. 3, the vertical preformed anchorage bars 305 of the constructional column are shown nested with the floor preformed tie bars 306.
Above, as shown in fig. 3, the pillbox foundation is composed of a plurality of interconnected foundation pieces 307. Every basic member corresponds the bottom that sets up in every wall of pillbox room. Two ends of each foundation member are respectively provided with a foundation reserved tie bar 308 and a foundation reserved anchoring bar 309. The reservation anchor muscle of first face pillbox room basis is reserved anchor muscle and second face pillbox room basis respectively with the constructional column and is reserved the drawknot muscle and carry out nested connection, then carries out cast-in-place processing again.
In this embodiment, the connection relationship of the wall pillar, the assembled composite external wall panel and the pillbox house foundation is as shown in fig. 4. The column between the wall includes column drawknot muscle 400 between the wall, column steel reinforcement cage 401 between the wall and concrete frame steel reinforcement cage 402. The fabricated composite exterior wall panel includes a concrete frame 403. Pillbox house foundation 404 sets up the bottom, including pillbox house foundation lacing wire 405.
In this embodiment, the sunlight room can be set to the size of the sunlight room according to the size of the actual pillbox room. The sunlight room can be of a steel structure. The steel structures are connected in a welding mode and sprayed. As shown in fig. 5, both the top and the outer side of the sunlight room may be provided with glass. For example, the top 501 of the sunlight room can be set as Low-e film-coated double-layer hollow glass, and the outer side 502 can be set as PET Low-e film hollow glass. The illustrated top 501 may be supported by a transverse steel frame 503 as well as a vertical steel frame 504. The glass of the outer side 502 shown may be provided with an aluminium alloy transverse partition window 505 and an aluminium alloy vertical partition window 506. The outer edge of the bottom of the sunlight room can be packaged by a wood outer packaging decorative plate 507. The periphery of the sunlight room can be decorated with wooden pillars 508. The outer edge of the top may be provided with a wooden brim 509. The lower part of the top can be provided with Tibetan traditional house beam decorative frameworks 510. The sunlight room can be provided with doors and windows on the outer surface. The door and window can be made of broken bridge aluminum door and window. The hollow glass and the bridge-cut-off aluminum door and window have the functions of energy conservation, sound insulation, noise prevention, dust prevention, water prevention and the like. The heat conduction coefficient K value of the bridge-cut-off aluminum door and window can be controlled to be 3W/m2K is less than K, the heat loss is reduced by half compared with the common door and window, the heating cost can be reduced by about 30 percent, the sound insulation quantity reaches more than 29 decibels, and the water tightness and the air tightness are good.
In this embodiment, the floor of the family blockhouse can be formed by the polylith assembled floor each other side by side. The fabricated floor slabs can be connected by pouring concrete.
In this embodiment, assembled roof boarding can be for hiding traditional flat roof of formula resident, accords with the roof of traditional stone pillbox room style of tibetan nationality, and the surface of roof boarding can cover traditional Ga of tibetan nationality and join soil or other local common covering material.
In this embodiment, the assembled inner wall panel is composed of an outer leaf wall, an inner leaf wall and a heat insulation layer located between the outer leaf wall and the inner leaf wall. The outer leaf wall and the inner leaf wall are both made of concrete. A fire retardant may also be included in the prefabricated interior wall panel. The surface of the inner wall board can be painted with traditional Tibetan decorative patterns.
In this embodiment, the pillbox roof horizontal beam upper surface can be placed Tibetan traditional decorative component and look like the corner.
In the above, the form factor of the traditional Tibetan is more than or equal to 0.7, some of the form factors are even more than 0.8, the form factor of a building has a direct relation with the energy conservation of the building, and the larger the form factor of the building is, the larger the external surface area of the same building volume is, the larger the heat dissipation area is, the higher the building energy consumption is, and the more unfavorable the building energy conservation is. To the assembled family blockhouse of this invention, can be with the help of the data analysis processing of design software, the traditional physiognomy of the family blockhouse of recombining, with the size coefficient control of assembled green family blockhouse about 0.62, great reduction building heat radiating area, consider that the family of hiding distributes the area and is mostly severe cold area, reduce the volume coefficient ratio of building the same. By adding the expanded polystyrene board (EPS) heat-insulating material into the assembled composite external wall panel, the heat-insulating property of the assembled composite external wall panel greatly exceeds that of the traditional stone-built external wall of Tibetan under the same thickness specification. Compare with traditional stone pillbox room, the fractional energy saving of building has improved 60%, simultaneously, satisfies under the thermal-insulated prerequisite of building heat preservation, can reduce the thickness of wall body greatly, alleviates the structure dead weight of wall body. Compare with traditional stone pillbox room, reduce the use of about 60% natural stone and 70% clay to and about 50% human input, human resource input when the house that significantly reduces is built, furthest has protected the periphery of building site, has reduced the destruction to natural environment's geological environment, runs through the building theory of green building in whole building life cycle.
As shown in fig. 8, the house structure is shown in fig. a, the temperature detection points are respectively selected from three detection points B1, B2 and B3, and the temperature distribution detected respectively and the temperature distribution detected outdoors are shown in fig. B. The humidity detection points are respectively selected as three detection points B4, B5 and B6, and the temperature distribution detected respectively and the temperature distribution detected outdoors are shown in a graph C. As can be seen from the figure, the environment-friendly Tibetan place of the invention can have good heat preservation effect and moisture preservation effect, and the fluctuation range of the temperature and the humidity is small.
Compared with the traditional blockhouse, the assembled green Tibetan blockhouse can effectively reduce the temperature fluctuation range of indoor and outdoor temperature in winter and summer and transition season (spring and autumn), effectively keep indoor thermal stability, increase human thermal comfort, provide a comfortable and efficient living environment for the residents, and increase the living happiness.
Another aspect of the invention provides a method for building an assembled green tibetan pillbox house. The green building pillbox room of prefabricated type can be the green family pillbox room of prefabricated type described in the above-mentioned embodiment. In one exemplary embodiment of the method of construction of the fitted green tibetan pillbox of the present invention, the method of construction may comprise the steps of:
s01, according to energy-conserving heat preservation requirement, build pillbox model
S02, prefabricating the assembled composite external wall panel;
s03, prefabricating the assembled inner wallboard;
s04, prefabricating an assembled floor slab;
s05, prefabricating an assembled roof panel;
s06, preliminarily assembling the green Tibetan pillbox house;
s07, final assembly of the green Tibetan pillbox house.
In the present embodiment, the step S01 obtains data through modern science and technology and computer software design aid and sufficient pre-analysis, and through on-site exploration, investigation, mapping, etc., the pillbox model is constructed.
In this embodiment, the step S02 of prefabricating the fabricated composite external wall panel may include the following steps:
s021, assembling the steel templates, manufacturing a steel bar framework, putting the steel frame framework into a mold, adding a filling material expanded polystyrene board (EPS), and prefabricating vertical anchoring ribs and transverse anchoring ribs. After the steel templates are assembled, face bricks can be paved on the bottom surface, and then reinforcing mesh sheets are bound.
S022, pouring concrete into the product obtained in the step S021 to form a primary composite external wall panel.
S023, performing standard curing, for example, the standard curing is performed for 21 to 28 days, and removing the steel template to prepare the fabricated composite external wall panel.
After the fabricated composite external wall panel is prepared, the external wall cladding panel can be prepared by utilizing a reverse hitting technology. The natural rubbles peculiar to the Tibetan region can be pre-paved on a preparation platform or a flat steel bottom die, and concrete is poured on the lower outer surface of the assembled composite external wall panel. The thickness of the external hanging plate is not less than 25mm, for example, the thickness can be 30 mm. The cladding can adopt bilayer, two-way arrangement of reinforcement to the diameter of reinforcing bar is not less than 5mm, and the interval is not more than 200mm, can avoid wind load and seismic two-way influence like this. The exterior cladding can utilize rust-resistant steel bar truss to connect or FRP combined material is connected with assembled composite side fascia. The exterior cladding can be the imitative Tibetan style local-style dwelling houses outer wall slabstone of original slabstone.
As shown in fig. 3, the vertical reserved anchoring ribs arranged on the fabricated composite external wall panel can be reserved with the foundation tie bars during later construction, and the reserved foundation tie bars are anchored with the wall studs and are subjected to in-situ concrete pouring treatment.
In this embodiment, the step S03 of prefabricating the prefabricated interior wall panel may include the steps of:
and S031, pouring a first layer of reinforced concrete.
S032, placing a heat insulation material and steel strands on the first layer of poured reinforced concrete.
And S033, pouring reinforced concrete again, reserving the combining slot, and performing standard maintenance, for example, the standard maintenance is performed for 21 to 28 days, so as to obtain the assembled inner wallboard.
During the preparation process of the assembled interior wallboard, the flame retardant can be sprayed. Patterns of traditional Tibetan days, months, auspicious clouds and the like can be drawn on the surface of the inner wall plate.
In this embodiment, the step S04 of prefabricating the fabricated floor slab may include the steps of:
and S041, manufacturing an assembled floor slab model. According to the size of the required assembled floor, the model of the assembled floor is nailed by wood plates or other metal plates and the like.
And S042, arranging reinforcing materials such as steel bars and the like in the fabricated floor slab model.
Furthermore, the fabricated floor is a hollow floor, and a hollow position needs to be reserved in the fabricated model in the preparation process.
And S043, pouring cement into the fabricated floor slab model, pouring cement at other positions except the position of the hollow cavity reserved at last in the model, uniformly pouring concrete by using a vibrating rod, and then uniformly plastering the floor slab filled with the cement.
And S044, after standard maintenance for 21-28 days, removing the template to prepare the fabricated floor.
In this embodiment, the fabricated roof panel needs to have a waterproof layer on the surface and contain thermal insulation material.
In this embodiment, the step S06 green tibetan pillbox preliminary assembly may include the following steps:
s061, the blockhouse integral framework is preliminarily formed.
In this embodiment, the fabricated composite exterior wall panel is connected with the fabricated interior wall panel, the fabricated floor panel, and the horizontal beam according to the construction of the house. The connection can adopt an integral cast-in-place connection mode. The horizontal beam is arranged on the upper part of the assembled composite external wall panel. The steel bars of the horizontal beam are in cross lap joint with the reserved anchoring bars of the assembled composite external wall panel and the assembled internal wall panel, and then concrete is poured.
S062, pillbox house internal construction assembly.
After pillbox room frame forms, begin the assembly of just going assembled interior wallboard. Because of the difference in the number of houses formed by users, the installation can be carried out by adopting the following steps: solid wood or light steel is used as the upright post and the plate girder to form a wood structure or a light steel structure. The fabricated inner wallboard is connected with a fabricated floor (fabricated roof panel), a fabricated composite outer wallboard, a constructional column and a horizontal beam in a screw anchoring or welding mode, and the cold and heat bridge is prevented at the joint. Then, installing vertical bearing wooden columns or I-shaped steel bearing columns to form the keels of the prefabricated assembly type inner wall board with the directional structure, continuously arranging the keels at intervals along the upper part or the lower part of the assembly type floor board in the length direction, connecting the keels in a screw anchoring or welding mode, then installing the assembly type inner wall board, connecting the keels with the prefabricated keels in the screw anchoring or welding mode, finally spraying a fire retardant and decorating a facing, and finally performing line foot or tile sticking treatment on corners and partial areas of the wall to play roles of protecting the wall feet and beautifying the appearance.
In this embodiment, the step S07 final assembly of the green tibetan pillbox house may include the following steps:
in this embodiment, with the main part structure in sunshine room and the joining through the welding between the pillbox room main part, do the stand for the sunshine room, a frame is constituteed to crossbeam and longeron on top in addition. The steel frameworks are welded. After the steel structure is welded, the sizes of the tempered glass of the vertical face and the top face are set according to the sizes, the Low-e film-coated double-layer hollow glass top is installed firstly, then the vertical face PET Low-e film hollow glass is installed, then the bridge-cut-off aluminothermic door and window are installed, and finally the gap between the steel structure and the glass is processed by firstly foaming glue and then waterproof glue.
In this embodiment, can remove processing such as formaldehyde, clarity, air-dry to the pillbox room after the final assembly of green tibetan family pillbox room is accomplished. And can draw corresponding national culture decorative pattern to set up relevant national totem and lucky goods of furniture for display rather than for use, can let the better integration of new-type energy-conserving prefabricated assembled tibetan family pillbox room go in the middle of the peripheral building community.
In this embodiment, the construction method may further include prefabricating pillbox foundations. Install prefabricated pillbox room basis earlier and then install the compound side fascia of assembled on its basis.
In conclusion, the composite external wall board, the internal wall board, the floor slab, the roof board and other components used by the pillbox house are prefabricated in advance and are assembled after the house is built, so that the building construction period can be greatly shortened, and the economic, manpower and material losses caused by overlong construction time are reduced; the house panel and the external wall panel of the pillbox house both comprise energy-saving heat-insulating materials with certain thicknesses, so that the heating energy-saving rate of the pillbox house can be improved, the energy consumption can be reduced to a great extent, and the living comfort is improved; the pillbox house has a lower body shape coefficient and has good heat preservation, heat insulation and sound insulation performances.
Although the present invention has been described above in connection with exemplary embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and changes may be made to the exemplary embodiments of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (3)
1. The utility model provides an assembled green family blockhouse of hiding, its characterized in that, the blockhouse is multilayer blockhouse, the blockhouse includes: pillbox house foundation, fabricated composite external wall panel, wall stud, constructional column, horizontal beam, fabricated inner wall panel, fabricated floor slab, fabricated roof panel and sunshine house, wherein,
the pillbox house foundation is arranged underground and used for supporting the pillbox house;
the prefabricated composite external wall panel is arranged on a pillbox foundation along the vertical direction and comprises a plurality of prefabricated composite external wall sub-panels, the plurality of prefabricated composite external wall sub-panels are connected in parallel to form one side external wall of the Tibetan pillbox, the prefabricated composite external wall panel takes a reinforced concrete sash as a framework, an expanded polystyrene board material is filled in the framework, and concrete is taken as a pouring material to form the prefabricated composite external wall panel;
the wall studs are arranged between the assembled composite external wall sub-boards on the same plane and used for connecting the assembled composite external wall sub-boards on the same plane;
the constructional column is arranged between the assembled composite external wall sub-boards on different planes and is used for connecting the assembled composite external wall sub-boards on different planes;
the horizontal beam is arranged above each layer of the fabricated composite external wall panel;
the assembly type inner wall board is arranged inside the pillbox room and is used for isolating the pillbox room into houses with unequal areas according to user requirements;
the assembled floor slab is connected with the horizontal beam and used for isolating the number of pillbox rooms;
the assembly type roof board is arranged at the top of the pillbox house and comprises an expanded polystyrene board material, and the thickness of the expanded polystyrene board material is 70-90 mm;
the sunlight room is arranged between the prefabricated roof board and a prefabricated floor slab of the second top layer of the pillbox room, and the top and the outer side surface of the sunlight room are arranged to be glass; the top of the sunlight room is provided with Low-e coated double-layer hollow glass, the outer side surface of the sunlight room is provided with PET Low-e coated hollow glass, the top of the sunlight room is supported by a transverse steel frame and a vertical steel frame, the glass on the outer side surface is provided with an aluminum alloy transverse partition window and an aluminum alloy vertical partition window, the bottom of the sunlight room is a wood partition plate, and doors and windows of the sunlight room are bridge-cut-off aluminum doors and windows;
the surface of the assembled composite external wall panel is provided with original rubbles imitating the Tibetan house external wall rubbles, and the original rubbles imitating the Tibetan house external wall rubbles are arranged on the surface of the assembled composite external wall panel by a reverse hitting technology;
the assembled composite external wall panel is provided with assembled energy-saving windows at intervals, and the window-wall ratio is controlled according to the orientation of a pillbox house, wherein the north direction is controlled to be 0.100-0.105, the south direction is controlled to be 0.190-0.205, the west direction is controlled to be 0.135-0.143, and the east direction is controlled to be 0.045-0.053; the northbound and eastern assembled energy-saving windows adopt a bridge-cut-off aluminum alloy Low-e coated double-layer hollow glass window, and the southerly and western assembled energy-saving windows adopt a bridge-cut-off aluminum alloy PET Low-e coated hollow glass window;
the thickness of the expanded polystyrene board material of the assembled composite external wall board is 70-90 mm;
the fabricated composite external wall panel also comprises a protective layer made of polymer plastering mortar, an alkali-resistant glass fiber mesh cloth as a reinforcing layer and an external decorative surface as paint;
when the assembled composite external wall panel is prefabricated, the external wall is divided;
the assembled composite external wall panel, the assembled internal wall panel and the assembled energy-saving window are prefabricated in advance;
the body form factor of the assembled green Tibetan pillbox room is 0.62;
the wall stud and the assembled composite external wall sub-board as well as the constructional column and the assembled composite external wall sub-board are connected in a concrete cast-in-place mode;
the assembly type composite external wall board is characterized in that two ends in the vertical direction are respectively provided with a vertical reserved anchoring rib, two ends in the horizontal direction are respectively provided with a transverse reserved anchoring rib, the vertical reserved anchoring ribs are used for fixedly arranging each assembly type composite external wall board between a pillbox house foundation and a horizontal beam or between horizontal beams of adjacent floors, and the transverse reserved anchoring ribs are used for fixedly connecting each assembly type composite external wall board to form a pillbox house wall surface;
the two ends of the wall pillaret along the vertical direction are respectively provided with a reserved lacing bar of the wall pillaret, and the reserved lacing bar of the wall pillaret is used for fixedly arranging the wall pillaret between a pillbox house foundation and an assembled roof panel or between the assembled roof panels of each layer of pillbox house;
two ends of the constructional column along the vertical direction are respectively provided with a constructional column reserved anchoring rib which is used for fixedly arranging the constructional column between a pillbox house foundation and an assembled roof panel or between the assembled roof panels of each pillbox house;
floor reserved tie bars are arranged at two ends of the fabricated floor and are used for being fixedly connected with the horizontal beam;
and reinforcing cages are arranged among the constructional columns and the wall studs to enhance the strength of the constructional columns and the wall studs.
2. The fitted green Sitting pillbox house of claim 1, wherein the pillbox house is enclosed by several base pieces, the upper surface of which is connected with fitted composite external wall panels, wall studs and construction studs in the vertical direction.
3. The method of construction of the fitted green tibetan pillbox house of claim 1, comprising the steps of:
constructing a pillbox house model according to the energy-saving and heat-preserving requirements;
according to the pillbox house model, prefabricating a pillbox house foundation, an assembled composite external wall board, a wall stud, a constructional column, an assembled internal wall board, an assembled floor slab, a horizontal beam and an assembled roof board;
preliminarily assembling the pillbox house;
installing a sunshine room to finish the assembly of the green Tibetan pillbox room, wherein,
the step of prefabricating the fabricated composite external wall panel comprises the following steps: assembling a steel template, manufacturing a reinforced concrete lattice framework, putting the reinforced concrete lattice framework into the steel template, adding a filling material to expand the polyphenyl board, and controlling the thickness of the filling material to expand the polyphenyl board; carrying out concrete pouring to form a primary composite external wall panel; performing standard maintenance, namely dismantling the steel template to prepare and obtain the assembled composite external wall panel;
the pillbox house preliminary assembly steps include: fixing a pillbox house foundation; respectively installing the assembled composite external wall daughter board, the constructional column and the wall stud on a pillbox house foundation for cast-in-place, and casting the composite external wall daughter board, the wall stud and the constructional column in situ; installing a horizontal beam and an assembled floor slab; installing an assembled inner wallboard and an assembled roof panel to form an integral frame of the blockhouse and finish the preliminary assembly of the blockhouse;
the method further comprises the steps of: after the fabricated composite external wall panel is prepared, arranging an external hanging plate on the outer surface of the fabricated composite external wall panel by using a reverse hitting technology, wherein the thickness of the external hanging plate is not less than 25mm, the external hanging plate adopts double layers and bidirectional reinforcing bars, the diameter of the reinforcing bars is not less than 5mm, the distance is not more than 200mm, the external hanging plate is connected with the fabricated composite external wall panel by using an antirust reinforcing bar truss or an FRP composite material, and the external hanging plate is an original stone imitated Tibetan house external wall stone;
the method further comprises the steps of: set up the energy-conserving window of assembled and control the window of pillbox room on the compound outer wall of assembled and compare by force, control window wall ratio according to the pillbox room orientation, wherein, north is to controlling at 0.100 ~ 0.105, and south is to controlling at 0.190 ~ 0.205, and west is to controlling at 0.135 ~ 0.143, and east is to controlling at 0.045 ~ 0.053.
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| US6178714B1 (en) * | 1999-07-06 | 2001-01-30 | Robert S. Carney, Jr. | Modular temporary building |
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| CN207063582U (en) * | 2017-07-05 | 2018-03-02 | 四川农业大学 | A kind of assembled anti-knock saves Tibetan-style dwelling system |
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| CN101205753A (en) * | 2007-12-05 | 2008-06-25 | 李旭东 | Insulating decoration integral board for building exterior wall |
| CN201835542U (en) * | 2010-10-11 | 2011-05-18 | 丁文斗 | Low carbon livable house with sufficient light, various types and high cost performance |
| CN107143153A (en) * | 2017-07-05 | 2017-09-08 | 四川农业大学 | A kind of assembled anti-knock energy-conservation Tibetan-style dwelling system and its method of construction |
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