CN110491681A - Co3O4/CoNi2S4三维核壳材料用于柔性超级电容器 - Google Patents
Co3O4/CoNi2S4三维核壳材料用于柔性超级电容器 Download PDFInfo
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- UBEWDCMIDFGDOO-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt(II,III) oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Co+2].[Co+3].[Co+3] UBEWDCMIDFGDOO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
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- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000012921 cobalt-based metal-organic framework Substances 0.000 claims description 17
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- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910021580 Cobalt(II) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910021586 Nickel(II) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910021607 Silver chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 7
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- QMMRZOWCJAIUJA-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel dichloride Chemical compound Cl[Ni]Cl QMMRZOWCJAIUJA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- HKZLPVFGJNLROG-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver monochloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Ag+] HKZLPVFGJNLROG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 7
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- 229910052976 metal sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
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- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WOCIAKWEIIZHES-UHFFFAOYSA-N ruthenium(iv) oxide Chemical compound O=[Ru]=O WOCIAKWEIIZHES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 229910017709 Ni Co Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910003267 Ni-Co Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- UFMZWBIQTDUYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt dinitrate Chemical compound [Co+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O UFMZWBIQTDUYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001981 cobalt nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
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Abstract
本专利涉及Co3O4/CoNi2S4三维核壳电极材料的制备方法,针对实施例1中的图2产物形貌,所得的复合材料具有规则多孔的三维核壳结构,Co3O4骨架良好的电子收集能力和CoNi2S4良好的电容性能够协同增效,相互修正,使得核材料的电化学特性得到充分发挥,电化学测试结果表明,在电流密度为1 A·g‑1时,单电极比容量达到1955.6 F·g‑1,当电流密度增大到8 A·g‑1时,比容量的保持率为90.3%。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于超级电容器器件技术领域,具体涉及用于柔性超级电容器的Co3O4/CoNi2S4三维核壳复合材料的制备方法。
背景技术
电极材料的电化学活性直接决定器件的电容性能,因此,活性电极材料的开发便成为ECs研究和应用的重点,通常,用于ECs的电极材料包括炭材料、金属氧化物和导电聚合物三大类,炭材料电极通过电解液与电极的界面处形成的双电层存储能量(双电层电容);金属氧化物及导电聚合物材料电极则通过快速可逆的氧化还原反应获得法拉第电容(赝电容),此法拉第电容一般远大于炭材料获得的双电层电容。作为ECs 电极材料使用的贵金属氧化物(如RuO2)具有非常优良的电化学电容性质,但昂贵的价格和剧毒性大大制约其作为电化学电容器电极材料的应用和商品化,研究者尝试通过不同方法制备氧化钴(Co3O4)、氧化镍(NiO)、氧化锡(SnO2)和氧化锰( MnOx)等贱金属氧化物,作为贵金属氧化物的替代品,电极的比容量、充放电效率和长循环寿命显著提高。
申请号为201710204965.6的中国发明专利公开了一种Ti基底负载空心针状NiCo2S4电极的制备方法,具体公开了在Ti基底上,经过水热合成Ni-Co针状前驱体,并经过硫化处理得到NiCo2S4;申请号为201611255619.2的中国发明专利公开了一种Co3O4多孔纳米片阵列的制备方法,具体公开了将重结晶硝酸钴/碳纤维纸焙烧得到生长于碳纤维纸基底的多孔Co3O4纳米片阵列。各种合成方法用于提高金属氧化物或硫化物的比容量,但单一化合物材料的自身缺陷如低电导率,晶型结构有限,比容量较低,且制备方法复杂等缺陷仍是限制高性能电极材料进一步应用的关键。
金属有机骨架(MOFs)可以提供丰富的孔隙和通道,促进电子转移,均匀地暴露反应位点,有利于提高超级电容器的电化学性能,因此,MOF衍生的金属氧化物电极材料可以促进其发展,特别是MOF中的金属离子通常是过渡金属离子,这有利于提高衍生材料的电化学性质,本发明利用Co-MOF衍生金属氧化物Co3O4,充分保留了MOF的结构特点,从而作为骨架外延生长复合材料;在众多的正极材料中,过渡金属硫化物,特别是CoNi2S4电极材料,由于其具有复杂的价态、晶型,大的晶格距离,高比容量和导电性,成为一种有发展前途的新型电极材料,然而,单一材料都存在各种缺陷,将两种材料进行复合,Co3O4骨架良好的电子收集能力和CoNi2S4良好的电容性,能够协同增效,相互修正,使得核材料的电化学特性得到充分发挥。
发明内容
本发明将有机金属框架MOF衍生的金属氧化物与金属硫化物复合,直接生长在柔性导电基底碳布上,制备的三维核壳多孔材料用于柔性超级电容器电极,提供了一种具有协同增效、较高比容量和优良的倍率特性的超级电容器用复合电极材料的制备方法。
为解决上述技术问题,本发明采取如下技术方案:本发明的基于MOF转变的Co3O4/CoNi2S4核壳复合材料超级电容器电极的制备方法,首先在柔性基底碳布上原位生长Co-MOF纳米片阵列,并在空气中煅烧得到Co3O4,以此为骨架电沉积CoNi2S4壳层,具体包括如下步骤:(1)50 mmol 的Co(NO3)2·6H2O,0.4 mol的C4H6N2,分别溶于40 mL蒸馏水中,充分溶解混合后,将碳布呈60º 置于溶液中,室温反应4h,洗涤烘干后得到生长在碳布上Co-MOF阵列;将制备的CC/Co-MOF阵列在空气中350 ℃,升温速率为2 ℃· min-1下进行退火2 h,得到CC/Co3O4阵列。
(2)将CC/Co3O4电极浸入5 mmol CoCl2·6H2O,7.5 mmol NiCl2·6H2O和0.75 molCS(NH2)2的混合溶液中,调整溶液pH值至6。以铂片为对电极,以Ag/AgCl为参比电极,在-1.2~ 0.2 V电压范围内,以10 mV· s-1扫描速率循环2800 s,得到Co3O4/CoNi2S4核壳复合材料。洗涤后,80 ℃真空干燥箱干燥12 h。
所得的四氧化三钴材料是由边缘卷曲的二维纳米片垂直生长在柔性基底碳布上所构成的结构相连的三维多孔结构,复合后的材料具有规则的三维多孔核壳结构,纳米片厚度为100-200 nm,Co3O4骨架良好的电子收集能力和CoNi2S4良好的电容性能够协同增效,相互修正,使得核材料的电化学特性得到充分发挥,电化学测试结果表明,在电流密度为1A·g-1时,单电极比容量达到1955.6 F·g-1,当电流密度增大到8 A·g-1时,比容量的保持率为90.3 %。
附图说明
图1是实施例1中所制备的Co3O4/CoNi2S4核壳复合材料XRD曲线。
图2是实施例1中所制备的Co3O4/CoNi2S4核壳复合材料扫描电镜照片。
图3是实施例1中所制备的Co3O4/CoNi2S4核壳复合材料扫描电镜放大照片。
图4是实施例1中所制备的Co3O4纳米片阵列扫描电镜照片。
图5是实施例1中所制备的Co3O4纳米片阵列扫描电镜放大照片。
图6是实施例1中所制备的Co3O4/CoNi2S4核壳复合材料的循环伏安对比曲线。
图7是实施例1中所制备的Co3O4/CoNi2S4核壳复合材料的充放电对比曲线。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明的技术方案及效果作进一步描述。但是,所使用的具体方法、配方和说明并不是对本发明的限制。
实施例1:将0.05 mol 的Co(NO3)2·6H2O,0.4 mol的C4H6N2,分别溶于40 mL蒸馏水中,上述溶液混合后,将碳布呈60º 置于溶液中,室温反应4h,洗涤烘干后得到生长在碳布上Co-MOF阵列;将制备的CC/Co-MOF阵列在空气中350 ℃,升温速率为2 ℃·min-1,进行退火2 h,得到CC/Co3O4阵列;将CC/Co3O4电极浸入5 mmol CoCl2·6H2O,7.5 mmol NiCl2·6H2O和0.75 mol CS(NH2)2的混合溶液中,调整溶液pH值至6。以铂片为对电极,以Ag/AgCl为参比电极,在-1.2 ~ 0.2 V电压范围内,以10 mV· s-1扫描速率循环20次,洗涤后,80 ℃真空干燥箱干燥12 h得到Co3O4/CoNi2S4核壳复合材料。
实施例2:将0.06 mol 的Co(NO3)2·6H2O,0.48 mol的C4H6N2,分别溶于40 mL蒸馏水中,上述溶液混合后,将碳布呈60º 置于溶液中,室温反应4h,洗涤烘干后得到生长在碳布上Co-MOF阵列;将制备的CC/Co-MOF阵列在空气中350 ℃,升温速率为2 ℃·min-1,进行退火2 h,得到CC/Co3O4阵列;将CC/Co3O4电极浸入5 mmol CoCl2·6H2O,7.5 mmol NiCl2·6H2O和0.75 mol CS(NH2)2的混合溶液中,调整溶液pH值至6。以铂片为对电极,以Ag/AgCl为参比电极,在-1.2 ~ 0.2 V电压范围内,以10 mV· s-1扫描速率循环20次,洗涤后,80 ℃真空干燥箱干燥12 h得到Co3O4/ CoNi2S4核壳复合材料。
实施例3:将0.05 mol 的Co(NO3)2·6H2O,0.4 mol的C4H6N2,分别溶于40 mL蒸馏水中,上述溶液混合后,将碳布呈60º 置于溶液中,室温反应4h,洗涤烘干后得到生长在碳布上Co-MOF阵列;将制备的CC/Co-MOF阵列在空气中350 ℃,升温速率为2 ℃·min-1,进行退火2 h,得到CC/Co3O4阵列;将CC/Co3O4电极浸入5 mmol CoCl2·6H2O,7.5 mmol NiCl2·6H2O和0.75 mol CS(NH2)2的混合溶液中,调整溶液pH值至6。以铂片为对电极,以Ag/AgCl为参比电极,在-1.2 ~ 0.2 V电压范围内,以5 mV· s-1扫描速率循环20次,洗涤后,80 ℃真空干燥箱干燥12 h得到Co3O4/CoNi2S4核壳复合材料。
实施例4:将0.05 mol 的Co(NO3)2·6H2O,0.4 mol的C4H6N2,分别溶于40 mL蒸馏水中,上述溶液混合后,将碳布呈60º 置于溶液中,室温反应4h,洗涤烘干后得到生长在碳布上Co-MOF阵列;将制备的CC/Co-MOF阵列在空气中350 ℃,升温速率为2 ℃·min-1,进行退火2 h,得到CC/Co3O4阵列;将CC/Co3O4电极浸入5 mmol CoCl2·6H2O,7.5 mmol NiCl2·6H2O和0.75 mol CS(NH2)2的混合溶液中,调整溶液pH值至6。以铂片为对电极,以Ag/AgCl为参比电极,在-1.2 ~ 0.2 V电压范围内,以15 mV· s-1扫描速率循环20次,洗涤后,80 ℃真空干燥箱干燥12 h得到Co3O4/CoNi2S4核壳复合材料。
实施例5:将0.05 mol 的Co(NO3)2·6H2O,0.4 mol的C4H6N2,分别溶于40 mL蒸馏水中,上述溶液混合后,将碳布呈60º 置于溶液中,室温反应4 h,洗涤烘干后得到生长在碳布上Co-MOF阵列;将制备的CC/Co-MOF阵列在空气中350 ℃,升温速率为2 ℃·min-1,进行退火2 h,得到CC/Co3O4阵列;将CC/Co3O4电极浸入10 mmol CoCl2·6H2O,15 mmol NiCl2·6H2O和1.5 mol CS(NH2)2的混合溶液中,调整溶液pH值至6。以铂片为对电极,以Ag/AgCl为参比电极,在-1.2 ~ 0.2 V电压范围内,以10 mV· s-1扫描速率循环20次,洗涤后,80 ℃真空干燥箱干燥12 h得到Co3O4/CoNi2S4核壳复合材料。
Claims (2)
1.一种Co3O4/CoNi2S4三维核壳材料,其特征在于,所述Co3O4/CoNi2S4复合材料的骨架材料Co3O4是由Co-MOF衍生而来的,复合后的Co3O4/ CoNi2S4电极材料具有三维核壳多孔结构。
2.一种Co3O4/CoNi2S4三维核壳材料的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:将0.05mol 的Co(NO3)2·6H2O,0.4 mol的C4H6N2,分别溶于40 mL蒸馏水中,上述溶液混合后,将碳布呈60º 置于溶液中,室温反应4 h,洗涤烘干后得到生长在碳布上Co-MOF阵列;将制备的CC/Co-MOF阵列在空气中350 ℃,升温速率为2 ℃·min-1,进行退火2 h,得到CC/Co3O4阵列;将CC/Co3O4电极浸入5 mmol CoCl2·6H2O,7.5 mmol NiCl2·6H2O和0.75 mol CS(NH2)2的混合溶液中,调整溶液pH值至6;以铂片为对电极,以Ag/AgCl为参比电极,在-1.2 ~ 0.2V电压范围内,以10 mV·s-1扫描速率循环20次,洗涤后,80 ℃真空干燥箱干燥容性12 h得到Co3O4/CoNi2S4核壳复合材料,Co3O4骨架良好的电子收集能力和CoNi2S4良好的电,能够协同增效,相互修正,使得核材料的电化学特性得到充分发挥。
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