CN110942923B - 一种碳布原位生长三明治型核壳电极材料的制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明具体涉及一种碳布原位生长三明治型Co3O4@C@CoNi2S4电极材料的制备方法。所得的Co3O4@C@CoNi2S4复合材料具有类似三明治的三层核壳结构，中间层的超薄碳层增强了四氧化三钴的导电性，同时使材料的结构稳定性提高，电沉积的CoNi2S4具有较高的比电容，形成三维网络结构为电子和离子传输和渗透提供通道和更多活性位点，从而提高电化学性能。电化学测试结果表明，在电流密度为2 A·g‑1时，单电极比容量达到2600 F·g‑1。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于超级电容器电极材料领域，具体涉及一种碳布原位生长三明治型核壳电极材料的制备方法。
背景技术
超级电容器是一种结合了传统电池的高能量存储能力和传统电容器的高功率传输出能力的电化学储能装置，具有快速充放电、高功率密度、循环寿命长、体积小、可回收、环保安全等优点，被广泛应用于电动汽车、便携式电子设备和应急电源等领域，其中电极材料是影响器件性能的关键，具有典型赝电容特征的金属氧化物和硫化物具有环境可靠，廉价易得，存储容量大等优势有望成为部分贵金属的替代品，镍钴硫化物是一种新型的超级电容器电极材料，具有丰富的氧化还原态、高电导率和大的离子传输通道等优点，结合了镍离子与钴离子在充放电过程中快速的氧化还原反应，能达到更高的比容量，但是由于其单一结构设计导致其高效的电容性能不能充分发挥，或者应用传统工艺制备电极，需要加入粘结剂从而降低其电化学性能。将具有高容量的赝电容材料与高导电性的碳材料进行复合是一种广泛应用来提高材料电化学性能的方法。碳材料的加入不仅可以提高赝电容材料的导电性，减小材料的电阻，还可以一定程度上提高材料的电化学稳定性，例如：Shen等（Adv. Energy Mater. 2015, 5, 1400977）在碳泡沫上生长NiCo2S4纳米片制备的复合材料用做超级电容器电极，在三电极体系中获得了1231 F/g (2A/g) 的比电容，且经过2000次充放电后仍然保持 90.4%的放电效率。Wen等人（J. Power. Sources 2016, 320, 28）将NiCo2S4与多壁碳纳米管复合，在三电极体系中其比电容可达2080 F/g (1 A/g)，可见，碳材料的引入可大大改善材料的导电性和结构稳定性，从而提高电化学性能。
申请号为 CN201810842895.1 的国家发明专利公开了一种海绵状石墨烯/镍钴硫化物复合材料的制备方法,具体公开了通过调控复合材料的形貌,使得所制得的石墨烯/镍钴硫化物复合材料作为复合电极材料具有更大的比表面积,从而使其与电解液充分接触，大大提高了电化学性能，但此发明需要将制备的活性物质涂覆在泡沫镍上，需要粘结剂以及电极不具备一定的机械性；申请号为 CN201620874672.X 的中国发明专利公开了一种基于硫化镍钴三维分级纳米结构的赝电容器电极，具体公开了在泡沫镍基底上原位生长的多个硫化钴镍纳米片，纳米片相互连接呈蜂窝状且每片硫化钴镍纳米片上分布着多个纳米级的孔道，使该电极具有三维分级纳米结构，虽然这种稳定的结构提高了电极的倍率性能和循环稳定性，但复杂的制备工艺，且电极不具备柔性，限制了其广泛应用。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于针对现有技术不足，提供一种三明治型Co3O4@C@CoNi2S4复合材料的结构及制备方法，通过调控复合材料形貌，以得到更多有效的活性位点，使电极材料具有更高的比电容。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明采取如下技术方案：一种Co3O4@C@CoNi2S4复合材料的制备方法包括以下步骤：(1)将硝酸钴、尿素、氟化铵溶于去离子水，待充分溶解混合后转移至50 mL高压釜，将碳布（CC）放入高压釜，在120 ℃下反应5 h，超声清洗，干燥，空气中350 ℃退火2 h，得到原位生长在碳布上的Co3O4纳米线；(2) 将50-110 mg多巴胺、10 mmol/L三羟甲基氨基甲烷（Tris-buffer）溶于50 mL去离子水，调整pH约为8~9，将制得CC/Co3O4浸入溶液，室温反应12 h，去离子水充分清洗，烘干后于氮气氛围下800 ℃退火2 h，实现薄层碳对Co3O4纳米线的碳化修饰；(3) 将0.2-0.3 mol 氯化钴、0.3-0.45 mol氯化镍、0.03-0.045 mol硫脲，溶于40 mL蒸馏水中配制成电解液，采用CV电沉积法，在碳修饰的Co3O4纳米线外电沉积CoNi2S4纳米片，实现三明治型Co3O4@C@CoNi2S4复合材料的制备。
所得的Co3O4@C@CoNi2S4复合材料具有类似三明治的三层核壳结构，中间层的超薄碳层增强了四氧化三钴的导电性，同时使材料的结构稳定性提高，电沉积的CoNi2S4 具有较高的比电容，形成三维网络结构为电子和离子传输和渗透提供通道和更多活性位点，从而提高电化学性能，电化学性能测试结果表明，在电流密度为1 A·g-1时，单电极比容量达到2600 F·g-1。
附图说明
图1是实施例1中所制备的Co3O4@C@CoNi2S4复合材料XRD曲线。
图2是实施例1中所制备的Co3O4@C核壳材料的扫描电镜照片。
图3是实施例1中所制备的Co3O4@C@CoNi2S4复合材料扫描电镜照片。
图4是实施例1中所制备的Co3O4@C@CoNi2S4复合材料的循环伏安曲线。
图5是实施例1中所制备的Co3O4@C@CoNi2S4复合材料的充放电曲线。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明的技术方案及效果作进一步描述，但是，所使用的具体方法、配方和说明并不是对本发明的限制。
实施例1：(1)将硝酸钴、尿素、氟化铵溶于去离子水，待充分溶解混合后转移至50mL高压釜，将碳布（CC）放入高压釜，在120 ℃下反应5 h，超声清洗，干燥，空气中350 ℃退火2 h，得到原位生长在碳布上的Co3O4纳米线；(2) 将50 mg多巴胺、10 mmol/L三羟甲基氨基甲烷（Tris-buffer）溶于50 mL去离子水，调整pH约为8~9，将制得CC/Co3O4浸入溶液，室温反应12 h，去离子水充分清洗，烘干后于氮气氛围下800 ℃退火2 h，实现薄层碳对Co3O4纳米线的碳化修饰；(3) 将0.2 mol 氯化钴、0.3 mol氯化镍、0.03 mol硫脲，溶于40 mL蒸馏水中配制成电解液，采用CV电沉积法，在碳修饰的Co3O4纳米线外电沉积CoNi2S4纳米片，实现三明治型Co3O4@C@CoNi2S4复合材料的制备。
实施例2：(1)将硝酸钴、尿素、氟化铵溶于去离子水，待充分溶解混合后转移至50mL高压釜，将碳布（CC）放入高压釜，在120 ℃下反应5 h，超声清洗，干燥，空气中350 ℃退火2 h，得到原位生长在碳布上的Co3O4纳米线；(2) 将70 mg多巴胺、10 mmol/L三羟甲基氨基甲烷（Tris-buffer）溶于50 mL去离子水，调整pH约为8~9，将制得CC/Co3O4浸入溶液，室温反应12 h，去离子水充分清洗，烘干后于氮气氛围下800 ℃退火2 h，实现薄层碳对Co3O4纳米线的碳化修饰；(3) 将0.2 mol 氯化钴、0.3 mol氯化镍、0.03 mol硫脲，溶于40 mL蒸馏水中配制成电解液，采用CV电沉积法，在碳修饰的Co3O4纳米线外电沉积CoNi2S4纳米片，实现三明治型Co3O4@C@CoNi2S4复合材料的制备。
实施例3：(1)将硝酸钴、尿素、氟化铵溶于去离子水，待充分溶解混合后转移至50mL高压釜，将碳布（CC）放入高压釜，在120 ℃下反应5 h，超声清洗，干燥，空气中350 ℃退火2 h，得到原位生长在碳布上的Co3O4纳米线；(2) 将110 mg多巴胺、10 mmol/L三羟甲基氨基甲烷（Tris-buffer）溶于50 mL去离子水，调整pH约为8~9，将制得CC/Co3O4浸入溶液，室温反应12 h，去离子水充分清洗，烘干后于氮气氛围下800 ℃退火2 h，实现薄层碳对Co3O4纳米线的碳化修饰；(3) 将0.3 mol 氯化钴、0.45 mol氯化镍、0.045 mol硫脲，溶于40 mL蒸馏水中配制成电解液，采用CV电沉积法，在碳修饰的Co3O4纳米线外电沉积CoNi2S4纳米片，实现三明治型Co3O4@C@CoNi2S4复合材料的制备。
Claims (2)
1.一种碳布原位生长三明治型Co3O4@C@CoNi2S4电极材料，其特征在于，所得的Co3O4@C@CoNi2S4复合材料具有类似三明治的三层核壳结构，骨架Co3O4为一维纳米线结构，中间层的超薄碳层增强了四氧化三钴的导电性，同时使材料的结构稳定性提高，电沉积的CoNi2S4 具有较高的比电容，形成三维网络结构为电子和离子传输和渗透提供通道和更多活性位点，从而提高电化学性能，在电流密度为1 A·g-1时，单电极比容量达到2600 F·g-1。
2.一种碳布原位生长三明治型Co3O4@C@CoNi2S4电极材料的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：(1)将硝酸钴、尿素、氟化铵溶于去离子水，待充分溶解混合后转移至50 mL高压釜，将碳布CC放入高压釜，在120 ℃下反应5 h，超声清洗，干燥，空气中350 ℃退火2 h，得到原位生长在碳布上的Co3O4纳米线；(2) 将50-110 mg多巴胺、10 mmol/L三羟甲基氨基甲烷Tris-buffer溶于50 mL去离子水，调整pH为8~9，将制得CC/Co3O4浸入溶液，室温反应12h，去离子水充分清洗，烘干后于氮气氛围下800 ℃退火2 h，实现薄层碳对Co3O4纳米线的碳化修饰；(3) 将0.2-0.3 mol 氯化钴、0.3-0.45 mol氯化镍、0.03-0.045 mol硫脲，溶于40mL蒸馏水中配制成电解液，采用CV电沉积法，在碳修饰的Co3O4纳米线外电沉积CoNi2S4纳米片，实现三明治型Co3O4@C@CoNi2S4复合材料的制备，在电流密度为1 A·g-1时，单电极比容量达到2600 F·g-1。
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