CN110483724A - 一种高支链结构性耐水解湿法聚氨酯树脂及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种高支链结构性耐水解湿法聚氨酯树脂及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN110483724A
CN110483724A CN201910729383.9A CN201910729383A CN110483724A CN 110483724 A CN110483724 A CN 110483724A CN 201910729383 A CN201910729383 A CN 201910729383A CN 110483724 A CN110483724 A CN 110483724A
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王中睿
张彪
葛礼响
季明洋
李李
刘成
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HEFEI ANLI POLYURETHANE NEW MATERIAL CO Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种高支链结构性耐水解湿法聚氨酯树脂及其制备方法,由以下重量份的组份制成:异氰酸酯类化合物5‑25份、聚酯类多元醇化合物10‑20份、聚醚类多元醇化合物5‑15份、含羟基的低分子化合物0.2‑1.0份、助剂0.01‑0.05份、有机溶剂30‑80份。本发明的高支链结构性耐水解湿法聚氨酯树脂,兼具优异的耐水解性能以及高剥离强度,低温流动性好,有效地提高了产品的使用耐久性,整体合成工艺简单,过程易于控制,具有很好的应用前景。

Description

一种高支链结构性耐水解湿法聚氨酯树脂及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于聚氨酯合成材料技术领域,尤其涉及一种高支链结构性耐水解湿法聚氨酯树脂及其制备方法。
背景技术
由于真皮资源的有限及其高昂的价格无法满足日益发展的市场需求,作为替代品的合成革用量逐年增加,相应地加快了合成革用聚氨酯树脂开发,对树脂的性能要求也越来越高。使用者的具体使用环境越来越复杂,剧烈运动和不同的活动场地对产品耐用性的影响较大,因此耐水解和剥离强度等性能一直是该领域亟待解决的技术难点。目前,单纯地通过提高聚醚多元醇含量来增强树脂的耐水解能力,不但会导致成本的上升,也会由于聚醚多元醇相对低的内聚能得不到较高的剥离强度,满足不了越来越高的市场要求。使用高结晶度型聚酯等提高软硬段的结晶度,达到增强剥离强度的方法虽然可行,但是容易导致树脂储存时上冻,整体流平性差,给实际生产过程带来不便。
发明内容
本发明目的就是为了弥补已有技术的缺陷,提供一种高支链结构性耐水解湿法聚氨酯树脂及其制备方法。
为了实现上述的目的,本发明提供以下技术方案:
一种高支链结构性耐水解湿法聚氨酯树脂,所述聚氨酯树脂由以下重量份的组份制成:异氰酸酯类化合物5-25份、聚酯类多元醇化合物10-20份、聚醚类多元醇化合物5-15份、含羟基的低分子量化合物0.2-1.0份、助剂0.01-0.05份、有机溶剂30-80份。
所述的异氰酸酯类化合物为芳香族异氰酸酯类化合物;包括4,4′-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯和甲苯二异氰酸酯。
所述的聚酯类多元醇化合物为己二酸与二元醇反应得到的二元醇系化合物,其中与己二酸反应的二元醇为乙二醇、1,3-丙二醇、新戊二醇、1,6-己二醇中的一种或两种的混合,其分子量为1000-4000。
所述的聚醚类多元醇化合物为聚四氢呋喃二醇、聚氧化丙烯二醇、聚环氧乙烷二醇中的一种或两种的混合,其分子量为500-2000。
所述的含羟基的低分子量化合物选自乙二醇、1,4-丁二醇、新戊二醇和1,6-己二醇中的一种或几种,其分子量为60-120。
所述的助剂选自表面活性剂、抗氧化剂中的一种或两种。
优选的,所述表面活性剂选用天然油脂改性的有机硅类助剂,抗氧化剂选用四[β-(3,5-二叔丁基-4羟基苯基)丙酸]季戊四醇酯(I-1010)或2,2′-亚甲基双(4-甲基-6-叔丁基苯酚)中的一种或两种。
所述的有机溶剂为二甲基甲酰胺。
本发明还提供了一种如上所述的高支链结构性耐水解湿法聚氨酯树脂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)分段制备预聚体:将70-80%的聚酯多元醇化合物、聚醚多元醇和异氰酸酯类化合物混合于有机溶剂中形成固含量40-60%的混合溶液并于60-80℃反应0.4-0.8h,再加入剩余20-30%的聚酯多元醇化合物、聚醚多元醇和异氰酸酯类化合物继续反应至一定分子量,粘度达30000-90000万cps/75℃,成功制备预聚体;
(2)耐水解聚氨酯树脂的制备方法:向预聚体中加入含羟基的低分子量化合物和二甲基甲酰胺于70-80℃下扩链反应多次,补加适量异氰酸酯化合物反应涨粘后,加入助剂,即得高剥离强度耐水解聚氨酯树脂。
所述的高支链结构性耐水解湿法聚氨酯树脂的制备方法中,聚合反应温度在60℃到80℃,聚合反应时间为3-10小时。
所述的高支链结构性耐水解湿法聚氨酯树脂的应用,包括以下步骤:
(1)将耐水解聚氨酯树脂和木质素、高岭土或碳酸钙于二甲基甲酰胺中充分混合搅匀,得料液;
(2)将料液涂覆于布上并置于DMF水混合溶液中凝聚5-10分钟,经水洗和烘干得到成革。
本发明的优点是:
本发明通过加入新戊二醇等具有侧基的小分子二元醇来引入支链结构,形成伞状结构保护主链,可以显著地提高树脂耐水解能力,有效地增长产品使用寿命,避免提高聚醚多元醇用量来保证耐水解性能所带来的成本上升和剥离强度下降。而且短支链结构又会减弱长链间的链缠绕,提高树脂水洗能力,提升洗脱有机溶剂的效率。其制备方法采用分段预聚的方式,不同于简单的一步法合成和一段预聚方法,分段预聚更好的利用聚氨酯树脂软硬段的可调节性,通过选择不同种类和分子量的聚酯多元醇和聚醚多元醇进行预聚,既增强结构中软硬段的相容性,提高湿法成革时发孔大小和孔壁厚度,达到稳定性较好的高剥离强度,又避免普通高剥离树脂在低温时流动性差、难加工的问题。
具体实施方式
以下结合具体的实例对本发明的技术方案做进一步说明:
SP-1000、SP-2000、SP-4000分别为自制的分子量为1000、2000、4000的聚酯多元醇,所用原料及配方为己二酸8000kg、乙二醇2500kg、1,4-丁二醇或二乙二醇2000kg,制备方法参见:聚氨酯树脂及其应用,化学工业出版社(2011.11),刘益军,P62聚酯多元醇的生产方法和物料计算;
EG为乙二醇;BG为1,4-丁二醇;NPG为新戊二醇;
PTMG-1、PTMG-2分别为分子量为1000、2000的聚四氢呋喃二元醇;
PEG-1、PEG-2分别为分子量为1000、2000的聚氧化乙烯二元醇;
MDI为4,4′-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯;
有机铋为反应催化剂,其中有机铋的环保性优于有机锡为行业内共知;
DMF为溶剂N,N′-二甲基甲酰胺,甲醇为反应终止剂。
实施例1
一种高支链结构性耐水解湿法聚氨酯树脂,配方为如下表1所示的物质(g):
表1
SP-4000 0
SP-2000 50
PTMG-2 30
SP-1000 20
PEG-1 3.0
PTMG-1 0
EG 9.0
NPG 1.0
本实施例的制备方法如下:
(1)分段制备预聚体:将50g SP-2000聚酯多元醇化合物、30g PTMG-2聚醚多元醇和异氰酸酯类化合物混合与有机溶剂中形成固含量40%-60%的混合溶液并于60-80℃反应0.4-0.8h,再加入20g SP-1000的聚酯多元醇化合物、3g PEG-1聚醚多元醇和异氰酸酯类化合物继续反应至5万cps/70℃成功制备预聚体;
(2)高剥离耐水解聚氨酯树脂的制备方法:向预聚体中加入扩链剂9g EG、1g NPG和二甲基甲酰胺于70-80℃下扩链反应多次补加适量异氰酸酯化合物反应涨粘后,加入助剂,即得高剥离强度耐水解聚氨酯树脂。
鞋革用高剥离耐水解聚氨酯树脂的应用,包括以下步骤:
(1)将高剥离耐水解聚氨酯树脂和木质素、高岭土或碳酸钙于二甲基甲酰胺,充分混合搅匀,得料液;
(2)将料液涂覆于布上并置于DMF水混合溶液中凝聚5-10分钟,经水洗和烘干得到base样。
实施例2
一种高支链结构性耐水解湿法聚氨酯树脂,配方为如下表2所示的物质(g):
表2
SP-4000 20
SP-2000 40
PTMG-2 20
SP-1000 20
PEG-1 1.0
EG 10.0
NPG 1.0
本实施例的制备方法如下:
(1)分段制备预聚体:将20g SP-4000聚酯多元醇化合物、40g SP-2000聚酯多元醇化合物、20g PTMG-2聚醚多元醇和异氰酸酯类化合物混合与有机溶剂中形成固含量40%-60%的混合溶液并于60-80℃反应0.4-0.8h,再加入20g SP-1000的聚酯多元醇化合物、1gPEG-1聚醚多元醇和异氰酸酯类化合物继续反应至8万cps/70℃成功制备预聚体;
(2)高剥离耐水解聚氨酯树脂的制备方法:向预聚体中加入扩链剂10g EG、1g NPG和二甲基甲酰胺于70-80℃下扩链反应多次补加适量异氰酸酯化合物反应涨粘后,加入助剂,即得高剥离强度耐水解聚氨酯树脂。
鞋革用高剥离耐水解聚氨酯树脂的应用,包括以下步骤:
(1)将高剥离耐水解聚氨酯树脂和木质素、高岭土或碳酸钙于二甲基甲酰胺,充分混合搅匀,得料液;
(2)将料液涂覆于布上并置于DMF水混合溶液中凝聚5-10分钟,经水洗和烘干得到base样。
实施例3
一种高支链结构性耐水解湿法聚氨酯树脂,配方为如下表3所示的物质(g):
表3
SP-4000 30
SP-2000 30
PTMG-2 30
SP-1000 10
PEG-1 0
PTMG-1 0.0
EG 9.0
NPG 3.0
本实施例的制备方法如下:
(1)分段制备预聚体:将30g SP-2000、30g SP-4000聚酯多元醇化合物、30g PTMG-2聚醚多元醇和异氰酸酯类化合物混合与有机溶剂中形成固含量40%-60%的混合溶液并于60-80℃反应0.4-0.8h,再加入10g SP-1000的聚酯多元醇化合物和异氰酸酯类化合物继续反应至2-3万cps/70℃成功制备预聚体;
(2)高剥离耐水解聚氨酯树脂的制备方法:向预聚体中加入扩链剂9g EG、3g NPG和二甲基甲酰胺于70-80℃下扩链反应多次补加适量异氰酸酯化合物反应涨粘后,加入助剂,即得高剥离强度耐水解聚氨酯树脂。
鞋革用高剥离耐水解聚氨酯树脂的应用,包括以下步骤:
(1)将高剥离耐水解聚氨酯树脂和木质素、高岭土或碳酸钙于二甲基甲酰胺,充分混合搅匀,得料液;
(2)将料液涂覆于布上并置于DMF水混合溶液中凝聚5-10分钟,经水洗和烘干得到base样。
实施例4
一种高支链结构性耐水解湿法聚氨酯树脂,配方为如下表4所示的物质(g):
表4
SP-4000 30
SP-2000 30
PTMG-2 20
SP-1000 10
PEG-1 5
PTMG-1 10.0
EG 9.0
NPG 1.0
本实施例的制备方法如下:
(1)分段制备预聚体:将30g SP-4000聚酯多元醇化合物、30g SP-2000聚酯多元醇化合物、20g PTMG-2聚醚多元醇和异氰酸酯类化合物混合与有机溶剂中形成固含量40%-60%的混合溶液并于60-80℃反应0.4-0.8h,再加入10g SP-1000的聚酯多元醇化合物、5gPEG-1聚醚多元醇和异氰酸酯类化合物继续反应至5-7万cps/70℃成功制备预聚体;
(2)高剥离耐水解聚氨酯树脂的制备方法:向预聚体中加入10gPTMG-1聚醚多元醇,扩链剂9g EG、1g NPG和二甲基甲酰胺于70-80℃下扩链反应多次补加适量异氰酸酯化合物反应涨粘后,加入助剂,即得高剥离强度耐水解聚氨酯树脂。
鞋革用高剥离耐水解聚氨酯树脂的应用,包括以下步骤:
(1)将高剥离耐水解聚氨酯树脂和木质素、高岭土或碳酸钙于二甲基甲酰胺,充分混合搅匀,得料液;
(2)将料液涂覆于布上并置于DMF水混合溶液中凝聚5-10分钟,经水洗和烘干得到base样。
为了验证本发明中高剥离和耐水解性能,对上述实施例1-4的树脂与普通树脂制得base样,分别裁剪出两条宽度3cm长度15cm样条,置于浓度10%NaOH中浸泡48h后测试剥离强度,如表5所示。从表5中可以看出本发明树脂剥离强度较普通树脂显著提高且有优秀的耐水解性能。
表5碱泡前后剥离强度测试数据
以上显示和描述了本发明的基本原理、主要特征和本发明的优点。本行业的技术人员应该了解,本发明不受上述实施例的限制,上述实施例和说明书中描述的只是说明本发明的原理,在不脱离本发明精神和范围的前提下本发明还会有各种变化和改进,这些变化和改进都落入要求保护的本发明范围内。本发明要求保护范围由所附的权利要求书及其等同物界定。

Claims (10)

1.一种高支链结构性耐水解湿法聚氨酯树脂,其特征在于,所述聚氨酯树脂由以下重量份的组份制成:异氰酸酯类化合物5-25份、聚酯类多元醇化合物10-20份、聚醚类多元醇化合物5-15份、含羟基的低分子量化合物0.2-1.0份、助剂0.01-0.05份、有机溶剂30-80份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的高支链结构性耐水解湿法聚氨酯树脂,其特征在于,所述的异氰酸酯类化合物为芳香族异氰酸酯类化合物;包括4,4′-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯和甲苯二异氰酸酯。
3.根据权利要求1所述的高支链结构性耐水解湿法聚氨酯树脂,其特征在于,所述的聚酯类多元醇化合物为己二酸与二元醇反应得到的二元醇系化合物,其中与己二酸反应的二元醇为乙二醇、1,3-丙二醇、新戊二醇、1,6-己二醇中的一种或两种的混合,其分子量为1000-4000。
4.根据权利要求1所述的高支链结构性耐水解湿法聚氨酯树脂,其特征在于,所述的聚醚类多元醇化合物为聚四氢呋喃二醇、聚氧化丙烯二醇、聚环氧乙烷二醇中的一种或两种的混合,其分子量为500-2000。
5.根据权利要求1所述的高支链结构性耐水解湿法聚氨酯树脂,其特征在于,所述的含羟基的低分子量化合物选自乙二醇、1,4-丁二醇、新戊二醇和1,6-己二醇中的一种或几种,其分子量为60-120。
6.根据权利要求1所述的高支链结构性耐水解湿法聚氨酯树脂,其特征在于,所述的助剂选自表面活性剂、抗氧化剂中的一种或两种。
7.根据权利要求1所述的高支链结构性耐水解湿法聚氨酯树脂,其特征在于,所述的有机溶剂为二甲基甲酰胺。
8.一种如权利要求1-7任一项所述的高支链结构性耐水解湿法聚氨酯树脂的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)分段制备预聚体:将70-80%的聚酯多元醇化合物、聚醚多元醇和异氰酸酯类化合物混合于有机溶剂中形成固含量40-60%的混合溶液并于60-80℃反应0.4-0.8h,再加入剩余20-30%的聚酯多元醇化合物、聚醚多元醇和异氰酸酯类化合物继续反应至一定分子量成功制备预聚体;
(2)耐水解聚氨酯树脂的制备方法:向预聚体中加入含羟基的低分子量化合物和二甲基甲酰胺于70-80℃下扩链反应多次,补加适量异氰酸酯化合物反应涨粘后,加入助剂,即得高剥离强度耐水解聚氨酯树脂。
9.根据权利要求8所述的高支链结构性耐水解湿法聚氨酯树脂的制备方法,其特征在于,聚合反应温度在60℃到80℃,聚合反应时间为3-10小时。
10.一种如权利要求1-7任一项所述的高支链结构性耐水解湿法聚氨酯树脂的应用,包括以下步骤:
(1)将耐水解聚氨酯树脂和木质素、高岭土或碳酸钙于二甲基甲酰胺中充分混合搅匀,得料液;
(2)将料液涂覆于布上并置于DMF水混合溶液中凝聚5-10分钟,经水洗和烘干得到成革。
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