CN110483025A - 防水用熔融石英砂陶瓷的制备方法 - Google Patents
防水用熔融石英砂陶瓷的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种防水用熔融石英砂陶瓷的制备方法,包括步骤A、丙烯酰胺水溶液、N,N‑亚甲基双丙烯酰胺、焦磷酸钠混合搅拌得到前驱体溶液;B、将高纯度熔融石英砂原料均匀混合后,加入添加剂、粘接剂后球磨制成料浆;C、向步骤B中制备的料浆中加入调节剂,调节步骤B中料浆pH,再次球磨备熔融石英料浆;D、将步骤C中制备的熔融石英料浆、烧结助剂、前驱体溶液混合后,加入引发剂,制备得到成型料浆;E、将步骤D中成型料浆注入动态注凝成型装置模具中,加热固化后脱模,得到石英砂陶瓷胚体;F、将步骤E中制备的石英陶瓷胚体固化,冷却得到陶瓷生胚;G、将步骤F中制备的陶瓷生胚烧至成型,保温即制成所需的防水用熔融石英砂陶瓷。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及陶瓷材料领域,更具体地说,涉及一种防水用熔融石英砂陶瓷的制备方法。
背景技术
熔融石英砂陶瓷是指以熔融石英砂为原料,经破碎、成型、烧结等一系列工艺形成的制品。熔融石英砂陶瓷由于具有结构精细、热碰撞系数小、电性能好、耐化学腐蚀性等特点在冶金、玻璃、化工、电子、航空航天等方面得到了广泛的应用,目前,熔融石英砂陶瓷的制备工艺主要有离心浇注成型、浇灌成型、蜡注成型、石墨模热压成型、半干法成型、注浆成型等,与其他结构陶瓷相比,容易出现胚体结构不均匀、析晶、吸水率高等问题,从而导致陶瓷制品质量下降,难以满足现代社会生产生活需求。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题在于针对上述现有技术中的不足,采用注凝成型技术,将熔融石英砂原料、前驱体溶液和烧结助剂混合均匀后,采用真空高温烧结,制备一种胚体结构均匀、防水性能佳的熔融石英砂陶瓷制品。
为解决上述技术问题,本发明采用如下技术方案:一种防水用熔融石英砂陶瓷的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
A、将丙烯酰胺水溶液、N,N-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺、焦磷酸钠混合搅拌得到前驱体溶液;
B、将高纯度熔融石英砂原料均匀混合后,加入添加剂、粘接剂在球磨机中球磨5-9h充分混合制成料浆,其中高纯度熔融石英砂原料纯度≥99.9%;
C、向步骤B中制备的料浆中加入调节剂,调节步骤B中制备料浆pH在3-5之间,再次球磨8-10h制备熔融石英料浆;
D、将步骤C中制备的熔融石英料浆、烧结助剂、前驱体溶液混合后,用真空搅拌机搅拌30min-60min,然后加入引发剂,制备得到成型料浆,其中,所述引发剂为质量分数20%的过硫酸铵水溶液;
E、将步骤D中真空制备的成型料浆注入动态注凝成型装置模具中,60℃加热固化50-80min后脱模,得到石英砂陶瓷胚体;
F、将步骤E中制备的石英砂陶瓷胚体放入养护箱中养护24-48h后放入烘箱中进行固化,固化温度为80-120℃,固化时间8-16h,冷却后得到陶瓷生胚;
G、将步骤F中制备得到的陶瓷生胚放入真空烧结炉抽真空后通入惰性气体,以1250-1300℃烧至成型,保温时间8-12h,即制成所需的防水用的熔融石英砂陶瓷。
优选的是,其中,高纯度熔融石英砂原料包括粒度为0.5-0.1mm,纯度为99.999%熔融石英砂、粒度为0.1-0.09mm,纯度为99.9999%熔融石英砂、粒度<0.09mm,纯度为99.9999%熔融石英砂中的至少一种。
优选的是,添加剂和粘接剂的质量比为1:4-1:7。
优选的是,其中,添加剂以重量计份包括:复合溶剂1-30份,甲基醇酸钠1-3份,碳化硼0.1-2份,氟化锂0.1-0.5份,碳化硅晶须0.01-0.03份,添加剂的制备方法是将各物料混合,搅拌分散均匀即可。
优选的是,其中,复合溶剂包括溶剂A和溶剂B,其中溶剂A为圣草酚、松油醇、法尼醇中的至少一种,溶剂B为甲基叔丁基醚、松节油、环己二醇单甲醚中的至少一种。
复合溶剂使得熔融石英砂颗粒表面的张力减少,改善料浆的流动性,减小球磨过程中石英砂颗粒的团聚现象,甲基醇酸钠在水和二氧化碳的共同作用下生成硅醇基,由于硅醇基化学性质活泼,进一步发生缩合反应生成网状结构的有机硅树脂膜,形成憎水层吸附在石英砂颗粒的表面,对水分子产生屏蔽效应,从而降低材料的吸水率,使得材料的防水性能显著提升,而碳化硼、碳化硅晶须的添加在不影响陶瓷外观质地均一的同时,显著提升石英砂陶瓷的强度、抗弯强度等力学性能,从而使得添加剂在复合溶剂,甲基醇酸钠,碳化硼,氟化锂,碳化硅晶须的协同配位作用下改善石英砂陶瓷制品的力学性、热稳定性、防水性等性能。
优选的是,其中,粘接剂为甲基纤维素、聚乙烯醇、乙二醇苯醚中的至少一种。
优选的是,其中,调节剂为乳酸、偏酒石酸、磷酸中的至少一种。
优选的是,其中,真空搅拌机的真空度为-0.095-0.01Mpa。
采用真空搅拌的方式一方面促进浆料的均匀混合,另一方面真空搅拌能够排除前驱体溶液发生聚合反应时产生的气体,防止气体进入后续料浆烧结的胚体中,降低胚体显气孔率,避免胚体烧结时裂纹的出现,从而减少陶瓷制品的次品率,提高陶瓷制品的质量。
优选的是,其中,烧制成型的具体步骤为先从室温以200℃/h缓慢升温至450℃,然后以450-600℃/h的速率快速升温至800℃,保温30min后,再以800-900℃/h升温至1250-1300℃。
优选的是,其中,烧结助剂为氧化铝、氧化锆、氮化硼、碳化硅中的至少一种。
烧结助剂使得胚体中的固体颗粒通过化学键键连,由于晶粒的增大,气孔和晶界渐趋缩小,促进材料致密化,缩短生产周期,提高生产效率。
本发明的有益效果是:
(1)本发明采用注凝成型技术,向熔融石英砂原料中引入添加剂、粘接剂并与前驱体溶液混合,通过球磨机的充分混合制成固相含量高、粘土含量低、流动性好的陶瓷浆料,使得陶瓷制品缺陷小、外观结构均匀。
(2)添加剂中复合溶剂、甲基醇酸钠、碳化硼、氟化锂、碳化硅晶须的协同作用,提高材料的韧性和抗弯强度,同时还能显著降低胚体的吸水率,提高陶瓷制品的防水性能。
(3)烧结助剂增加料浆中的液相生成量,使得料浆的扩散传质加快,降低烧结时的显气孔率,从而有效地促进熔融石英砂材料的烧结,使得制备的陶瓷内部结构均匀、外观效果好、强度大。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明做进一步的详细说明,以令本领域技术人员参照说明书文字能够据以实施。
实施例1
一种防水用熔融石英砂陶瓷的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
A、将丙烯酰胺水溶液、N,N-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺、焦磷酸钠混合搅拌得到前驱体溶液;
B、将高纯度熔融石英砂原料均匀混合后,加入添加剂、粘接剂在球磨机中球磨9h充分混合制成料浆,其中高纯度熔融石英砂原料为粒度<0.09mm,纯度为99.9999%的熔融石英砂,粘接剂为甲基纤维素,添加剂和粘接剂的质量比为1:5;
其中,添加剂以重量计份包括:复合溶剂20份,甲基醇酸钠2份,碳化硼0.3份,氟化锂0.2份,碳化硅晶须0.01份,添加剂的制备方法是将各物料混合,搅拌分散均匀即可,其中,复合溶剂包括溶剂A和溶剂B,溶剂A为圣草酚、松油醇、法尼醇的混合物,溶剂B为甲基叔丁基醚、松节油、环己二醇单甲醚的混合物。
C、向步骤B中制备的料浆中加入调节剂,调节步骤B中制备料浆pH在3-5之间,再次球磨10h制备熔融石英料浆,其中调节剂为乳酸;
D、将步骤C中制备的熔融石英料浆、烧结助剂、前驱体溶液混合后,真空搅拌机搅拌60min,然后加入引发剂,制备得到成型料浆,其中,引发剂为质量分数20%的过硫酸铵水溶液,其中真空搅拌机的真空度为-0.095Mpa,烧结助剂为碳化硅;
E、将步骤D中真空制备的成型料浆注入动态注凝成型装置模具中,60℃加热固化70min后脱模,得到石英砂陶瓷胚体;
F、将步骤E中制备的石英陶瓷胚体放入养护箱中养护36h后放入烘箱中进行固化,固化温度为120℃,固化时间12h,冷却后得到陶瓷生胚;
G、将步骤F中制备的陶瓷生胚放入真空烧结炉抽真空后通入惰性气体,以1250-1300℃烧至成型,保温时间8-12h,即制成所需的防水用的熔融石英砂陶瓷。其中,烧制成型的具体步骤为先从室温以200℃/h缓慢升温至450℃,然后以600℃/h的速率快速升温至800℃,保温30min后,再以900℃/h升温至1300℃。
实施例2
本实施例中工艺条件以及原料与实施例1基本保持一致,唯一不同之处在于添加剂以重量计份包括:复合溶剂10份,甲基醇酸钠1份,碳化硼0.1份,氟化锂0.15份,碳化硅晶须0.01份,复合溶剂包括溶剂A和溶剂B,溶剂A为松油醇,溶剂B为甲基叔丁基醚。
对比例1
本对比例中工艺条件以及原料与实施例1基本保持一致,唯一不同之处在于复合溶剂换为单一溶剂A或单一溶剂B。
对比例2
本对比例中工艺条件以及原料与实施例1基本保持一致,唯一不同之处在于不采用添加剂。
实施例1-2以及对比例1-2制备的陶瓷制品进行测试得到性能测试结果如下;
吸水率(%) | 抗弯强度(MPa) | 外观质地 | |
实施例1 | 0.01 | 380 | 质地均匀,无任何凸起 |
实施例2 | 0.02 | 390 | 质地均匀,无明显凸起 |
对比例1 | 0.02 | 360 | 质地较不均匀,明显凸起 |
对比例2 | 0.08 | 310 | 质地极不均匀,明显凸起 |
表中,各项性能的测试方法如下:
1.吸水率:按照GB/TB3810.3-2006标准测试。
2.抗弯强度:按照GB/T4741-1999标准测试。
实施例1-2与对比例1相比,使用复合溶剂比单独使用溶剂A或溶剂B所制备的陶瓷制品外观效果以及防水性能更好,这表明复合溶剂A与B中羟基与醚基的相互键合作用使得熔融石英砂颗粒表面的张力减少,改善料浆的流动性,减小球磨过程中石英砂颗粒的团聚现象和显气孔率,提高制品的致密度和强度,从而改善陶瓷制品的外观质量。
实施例1-2与对比例2相比,使用添加剂所制备的陶瓷制品的防水性能显著高于不使用添加剂所制备的陶瓷制品的防水性能,这表明添加剂中各个成分之间的协同作用能降低陶瓷制品的吸水率,其原理如下:甲基醇酸钠吸附在石英砂颗粒的表面,由于其水解时具有碱性和离子的特性,在复合溶剂中发生取代反应生成活泼的硅醇基,硅醇基进一步发生缩合反应生成网状硅树脂膜,硅树脂膜实现反毛细管效应即形成憎水层吸附在石英砂颗粒表面,在不损害陶瓷内部结构的同时,使石英砂对水分子产生屏蔽效应,降低石英砂陶瓷制品的吸水率,而碳化硼、碳化硅晶须的添加则显著提升石英砂陶瓷的强度、抗弯强度等力学性能,从而最终提升陶瓷制品的综合性能。
可见,本发明的添加剂具有提高陶瓷制品防水性、力学性能以及外观质量的有益效果。
本发明的其它优点、目标和特征将部分通过下面的说明体现,部分还将通过对本发明的研究和实践而为本领域的技术人员所理解。
尽管本发明的实施方案已公开如上,但其并不仅仅限于说明书和实施方式中所列运用,它完全可以被适用于各种适合本发明的领域,对于熟悉本领域的人员而言,可容易地实现另外的修改,因此在不背离权利要求及等同范围所限定的一般概念下,本发明并不限于特定的细节。
Claims (10)
1.一种防水用熔融石英砂陶瓷的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
A、将丙烯酰胺水溶液、N,N-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺、焦磷酸钠混合搅拌得到前驱体溶液;
B、将高纯度熔融石英砂原料均匀混合后,加入添加剂、粘接剂在球磨机中球磨5-9h充分混合制成料浆,其中所述高纯度熔融石英砂原料纯度≥99.9%;
C、向步骤B中制备的料浆中加入调节剂,调节其pH在3-5之间,再次球磨8-10h制备得到熔融石英料浆;
D、将步骤C中制备的熔融石英料浆、烧结助剂、前驱体溶液混合后,用真空搅拌机搅拌30min-60min,然后加入引发剂,制备得到成型料浆,其中,所述引发剂为质量分数20%的过硫酸铵水溶液;
E、将步骤D中真空制备的成型料浆注入动态注凝成型装置模具中,60℃加热固化50-80min后脱模,得到石英砂陶瓷胚体;
F、将步骤E中制备的石英陶瓷胚体放入养护箱中养护24-48h后放入烘箱中进行固化,固化温度为80-120℃,固化时间8-16h,冷却后得到陶瓷生胚;
G、将步骤F中制备得到的陶瓷生胚放入真空烧结炉抽真空后通入惰性气体,以1250-1300℃烧至成型,保温时间8-12h,即制成所需的防水用熔融石英砂陶瓷。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种防水用熔融石英砂陶瓷的制备方法,其特征在于,所述高纯度熔融石英砂原料包括粒度为0.5-0.1mm,纯度为99.999%熔融石英砂、粒度为0.1-0.09mm,纯度为99.9999%熔融石英砂、粒度<0.09mm,纯度为99.9999%熔融石英砂中的至少一种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种防水用熔融石英砂陶瓷的制备方法,其特征在于,所述添加剂和粘接剂的质量比为1:4-1:7。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种防水用熔融石英砂陶瓷的制备方法,其特征在于,所述添加剂以重量计份包括:复合溶剂1-30份,甲基醇酸钠1-3份,碳化硼0.1-2份,氟化锂0.1-0.5份,碳化硅晶须0.01-0.03份,所述添加剂的制备方法是将各物料混合,搅拌分散均匀即可。
5.根据权利要求4所述的一种防水用熔融石英砂陶瓷的制备方法,其特征在于,所述复合溶剂包括溶剂A和溶剂B,其中所述溶剂A为圣草酚、松油醇、法尼醇中的至少一种,所述溶剂B为甲基叔丁基醚、松节油、环己二醇单甲醚中的至少一种。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种防水用熔融石英砂陶瓷的制备方法,其特征在于,所述粘接剂为甲基纤维素、聚乙烯醇、乙二醇苯醚中的至少一种。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种防水用熔融石英砂陶瓷的制备方法,其特征在于,所述调节剂为乳酸、偏酒石酸、磷酸中的至少一种。
8.根据权利要求1所述的一种防水用熔融石英砂陶瓷的制备方法,其特征在于,所述真空搅拌机的真空度为-0.095-0.01Mpa。
9.根据权利要求1所述的一种防水用熔融石英砂陶瓷的制备方法,其特征在于,所述烧制成型的具体步骤为先从室温以200℃/h缓慢升温至450℃,然后以450-600℃/h的速率快速升温至800℃,保温30min后,再以800-900℃/h升温至1250-1300℃。
10.根据权利要求1所述的一种防水用熔融石英砂陶瓷的制备方法,其特征在于,所述烧结助剂包括氧化铝、氧化锆、氮化硼、碳化硅中的至少一种。
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