CN110463635A - Tea Saponin is being used to prepare the application reduced in the Crab larvae death rate and promotion Crab larvae husking preparation - Google Patents
Tea Saponin is being used to prepare the application reduced in the Crab larvae death rate and promotion Crab larvae husking preparation Download PDFInfo
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- CN110463635A CN110463635A CN201910762072.2A CN201910762072A CN110463635A CN 110463635 A CN110463635 A CN 110463635A CN 201910762072 A CN201910762072 A CN 201910762072A CN 110463635 A CN110463635 A CN 110463635A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/59—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of crustaceans, e.g. lobsters or shrimps
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/116—Heterocyclic compounds
- A23K20/121—Heterocyclic compounds containing oxygen or sulfur as hetero atom
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Abstract
The present invention provides Tea Saponins to be used to prepare the application reduced in the Crab larvae death rate and the preparation for promoting Crab larvae husking.By the present invention in that being handled with a phase children crab of the Tea Saponin solution of various concentration to Portunus trituberculatus Miers, it was found that Tea Saponin is in 2 ~ 8 ppm concentration, the death rate of Crab Portunus trituberculatus Larvae can be reduced significantly, inhibit dead effect best when especially concentration is 8ppm, and then the loss of seed can be reduced in crab species nursery well and improve emergence quantity；And when using the Tea Saponin of 8 ~ 10ppm concentration in 48h, the husking of Crab Portunus trituberculatus Larvae can also be promoted, and then promote the growth and development of young crab, provide more preferable good juvenile crab for raiser, increase economic well-being of workers and staff.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to aquaculture fields, and in particular to Tea Saponin is being used to prepare the reduction Crab larvae death rate and rush
Application into Crab larvae husking preparation.
Background technique
Tea Saponin is the pentacyclic triterpene that one kind present in the seed of plant of theaceae has oleanane type structure
Saponin substance has the effects that good emulsification, dispersion, foaming, anti-inflammatory, analgesia, and is widely used in every field.
Portunus trituberculatus Miers category Crustachia, Decapoda, Portumidae, are commonly called as swimming crab, are the important economic crabs of China coast
Class.Swimming crab delicious meat, full of nutrition, for especially crab cream like congealed fat, delicious flavour is famous at home and abroad.Due to three
Wart swimming crab has the characteristics that growth is fast, strong environmental adaptability, the market price are high, domestic and international price steadiness, so that various regions three
Wart swimming crab cultivation constantly heating, has become the another important breed variety after prawn, mud crab, but the breeding of Portunus trituberculatus Miers
But more difficult.Currently with the seed that Wild Portunus trituberculatus is cultivated, yield and quality is all unstable, this is supported for swimming crab
The economy and future development for growing industry bring some factors of instability.China possesses vast sea area, due to three wart shuttles
Crab wild resource is unable to satisfy the demand of people already, and ever-increasing market demand needs to provide artificial juvenile crab to guarantee industry
Sound development, therefore artificial breeding Portunus trituberculatus Miers be push China's Portunus trituberculatus Miers aquaculture industry health, continue, stablize hair
The only way of exhibition.
At present during swimming crab nursery, the juvenile crab quantity that plant modification obtains is relatively fewer, and after entering pond
Survival rate is not high, and the husking each time of swimming crab also results in the generation death of the part young in the process.Therefore, very much
Cultivation expert improves the high feelings of the juvenile crab death rate by building optimum juvenile crab living environment, the nutritious feed of supplement
Condition, but production in practice, can still see a large amount of injures and deaths sign, such as top shell, transport persons or goods by cart, soft shell.In previous studies
It was found that Tea Saponin can reduce the death rate caused in prawn by sick viral infections, to improve the survival rate of prawn.However
In Crab larvae cultivation, can Tea Saponin be effectively reduced the death rate of the swimming crab young, not have been reported that also and patent application.
Summary of the invention
The present invention provides Tea Saponins to be used to prepare the reduction Crab larvae death rate and promote Crab larvae husking preparation
In application.By the present invention in that handled with a phase children crab of the Tea Saponin solution of various concentration to Portunus trituberculatus Miers, compared with
The Tea Saponin of low concentration can be significantly reduced the death rate of young crab in the breeding process, and in 48h higher concentration tea
Saponin can also promote the husking of young crab.
For achieving the above object, the present invention is achieved by the following scheme:
The present invention provides Tea Saponins in the application being used to prepare in the preparation for reducing the Crab larvae death rate.
Further, the Tea Saponin be used to prepare reduce the Crab larvae death rate preparation in concentration be 2 ~
8ppm。
Further, the Tea Saponin is 24 in the processing time being used to prepare in the preparation for reducing the Crab larvae death rate
~72h。
The present invention also provides Tea Saponins in the application being used to prepare in the preparation for promoting Crab larvae husking.
Further, the Tea Saponin is 8 ~ 10ppm in the concentration being used to prepare in the preparation for promoting Crab larvae husking.
Further, the Tea Saponin be used to prepare promote Crab larvae husking preparation in the processing time be 24 ~
48h。
Further, the Crab larvae is Crab Portunus trituberculatus Larvae.
Further, the Crab Portunus trituberculatus Larvae feeds mode are as follows: in daily morning 7:00 ~ 7:30, noon 11:30
~ 12:00, afternoon feed for 17:00 ~ 18:00 and evening 22:30 ~ 23:00 points 4 times, every time with Crab Portunus trituberculatus Larvae and big artemia 2 ~
The quantity ratio of 3:1 is fed.
Compared with prior art, the present invention having the following advantages and beneficial effects:
(1) Tea Saponin of the present invention can reduce the dead of Crab Portunus trituberculatus Larvae in 2 ~ 8 ppm low concentration significantly
Rate is died, especially when concentration is 8 ppm, Tea Saponin inhibits the effect of the young crab death rate best, this can be very good in crab species
The loss that seed is reduced when nursery improves emergence quantity, and then provides more better seeds for raiser, improves economic receive
Benefit, and young crab is handled using the Tea Saponin of 8 ~ 10 ppm concentration in 48h, it can also promote sloughing off for Crab Portunus trituberculatus Larvae
Skin, to promote the growth and development of young crab；
(2) Tea Saponin source of the present invention is natural, and low in cost, environmentally protective and easy decomposition is more advantageous to the suction of crab class
It receives, and there is Tea Saponin itself ichthyotoxin, spiral shell to kill and certain sterilization functions, can also be the growth of Portunus trituberculatus Miers seedling
Development provides a more stable suitable environment, is more advantageous to the growth and development of young crab.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 be the present invention be added various concentration Tea Saponin for 24 hours Crab Portunus trituberculatus Larvae mortality results figure (* * p <
0.01).
Fig. 2 be the present invention be added various concentration Tea Saponin 48h Crab Portunus trituberculatus Larvae mortality results figure (* * p <
0.01).
Fig. 3 be the present invention be added various concentration Tea Saponin 72h Crab Portunus trituberculatus Larvae mortality results figure (* * p <
0.01).
Fig. 4 be the present invention be added various concentration Tea Saponin 96h Crab Portunus trituberculatus Larvae mortality results figure (* * p <
0.01).
Fig. 5 is the Tea Saponin of the invention in addition various concentration Crab Portunus trituberculatus Larvae molt rate result figure for 24 hours.
Fig. 6 is the present invention in the Tea Saponin 48h Crab Portunus trituberculatus Larvae molt rate result figure that various concentration is added.
Specific embodiment
Technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiment.
Present invention Tea Saponin powder as used in the following examples is commercial product.
Embodiment 1
One, the early period of young crab temporarily supports
1, prepare finishing box
After finishing box, heating rod, the gentle stone of thermometer are cleaned one time with fresh water, heating rod, thermometer are installed in finishing box
Gentle stone, and potassium permanganate solid and fresh water is added to heating rod heating part is not crossed, after impregnating 3h, use clear water cleaning one
Time, adding the industrial water of nursery workshop, (industrial water has to pass through sufficient precipitating, as seawater bacteria content is higher
When, it can be handled with the bleaching powder of 20 ~ 100 pm concentration, be can be used through detection chlorine residue disappearance rear；Wherein seawater salinity requirement
26 ‰ ~ 30 ‰, pH value 7.8 ~ 8.5,4 mg/L or more of dissolved oxygen), 25 DEG C then are set by heating rod, keeps water temperature permanent with this
It is fixed, and adjust the outlet size of each gas stone in finishing box.
2, it temporarily supports
(1) it chooses young crab: going nursery workshop to choose a phase children crab 900 of Portunus trituberculatus Miers, be divided into 18 groups, every group 50；
(2) water transfer temperature and launch young crab: the phase children crab after grouping is separately added by observation water temperature when being heated to 25 DEG C or so
In 18 finishing boxs of preprepared, all finishing boxs are divided into 3 groups, every group of 6 finishing boxs, wherein 1 is experimental group,
Other 2 are parallel control group；
(3) adjust water colour: because crab likes partially muddy water colour, the growth rate in clear water is than having centainly thoroughly
It is slow in the muddy water of lightness, so needing to be adjusted the water colour in finishing box.Suitable zeolite powder is put into finishing box, then
After 1h, the prawn slice of 0.4g are washed by rubbing with the hands through the yarn thin,tough silk of 200 mesh and are filled into 600 mL in disinfected sea water, it is then that seawater is uniform
6 finishing boxs for being assigned to experimental group in, and to other identical processing of two groups of carry out.
(4) feed: after treatment feeds 30 big artemias in each finishing box.It to be seen in 1.5 h after having fed
It examines the volume residual of big artemia and big artemia feeding volume next time is determined with this, it, can if there is no remaining big artemias for discovery
Rule of thumb increase the feeding volume of big artemia in right amount when feeding next time.
In normal production management, needs daytime to feed primary big artemia every three hours, feed within night every four hours
Primary big artemia, and to the productive function of Crab Portunus trituberculatus Larvae in the present embodiment are as follows:
A) in terms of water temperature: since heating rod is to the thermostatic effect of cultivation water, so water temperature does not have too great fluctuation process.
B) feeding and water colour aspect: 30 big artemias are fed into each finishing box in morning 7:30, and according to water colour
Transparency is suitable to spread a zeolite powder；It feeds 30 big artemias when noon 12:00 into each finishing box again, then weighs again
The yarn thin,tough silk of 200 mesh of the prawn slice of 0.4g, which is washed by rubbing with the hands, is filled into 600 mL in disinfected sea water, is added separately to test after being divided into 6 parts
In group finishing box, and to other two groups of carry out same treatments；Afternoon 17:00 and evening 23:00 respectively again into each finishing box
30 big artemias are fed, and suitable zeolite powder is added again to be adjusted to the water colour of each finishing box according to water colour.Though
Right Portunus trituberculatus Miers is nocturnalism biology, but is found during temporarily supporting and the breeding of nursery workshop water body, and young crab is at night
Activity be not that very acutely, to be also not so good as daytime more for predation quantity, therefore only feed primary big artemia at night and just meet enough
The digestion and absorption of young crab a whole night temporarily feeding in finishing box.
In the present embodiment, be using the main reason for zeolite powder water transfer color: zeolite powder be it is levigate by natural zeolite and
At, have the function of removing ammonia nitrogen in water, deodorization, adjustment water colour, and it also has stronger absorption and ion exchange energy
Power, and it is low in cost, environmentally protective.
Two, the preparation and processing of Tea Saponin
1, the Tea Saponin solution of various concentration gradient is prepared
In temporary rearing process for 24 hours, young crab gradually adapts to new environment, can carry out Tea Saponin processing.In the present embodiment
In, prepare the Tea Saponin solution of 6 concentration gradients, respectively 0ppm, 2ppm, 4ppm, 6ppm, 8ppm, 10ppm.Finishing box
Water body volume is 12L, so being computed the quality of Tea Saponin powder required for can obtaining each concentration are as follows:
(1) 0ppm concentration is that control does not need addition Tea Saponin powder；
(2) the Tea Saponin solution of 2ppm concentration: weighing 0.024g Tea Saponin powder, since the weighing accuracy of assay balance is decimal
Two after point, so being completely dissolved in the beaker equipped with 1 L scalding seawater after weighing 0.24g Tea Saponin powder, 3 are taken
100mL solution (the Tea Saponin powder quality wherein contained be 0.024g), in order to be separately added into experimental group and 2 control groups
In finishing box；
(3) the Tea Saponin solution of 4ppm concentration: 0.48g Tea Saponin powder is weighed, is completely dissolved in it equipped with 1L scalding
In the beaker of seawater, take 3 100mL solution (the Tea Saponin powder quality wherein contained is 0.048g)；
(4) the Tea Saponin solution of 6ppm concentration: weighing the Tea Saponin powder of 0.72g, it is made to be substantially dissolved in boil equipped with 1L and disappear
In the beaker of malicious seawater, take 3 100mL solution (wherein Tea Saponin powder quality also is 0.072g)；
(5) the Tea Saponin solution of 8ppm concentration: the Tea Saponin powder of 0.96g is weighed, it is dissolved in adequately and is boiled equipped with 1L
In the beaker of disinfected sea water, take 3 100mL solution (the Tea Saponin powder quality wherein contained is 0.096g)；
(6) the Tea Saponin solution of 10ppm concentration: weighing the Tea Saponin powder of 0.36g, is directly dissolved in boil equipped with 300mL and disappears
In the beaker of malicious seawater, make it after completely dissolution, being divided into the solution of 3 100mL, (quality wherein containing Tea Saponin powder is
0.12g).
2, Tea Saponin processing is carried out
The Tea Saponin solution of configured various concentration gradient is added separately in the different finishing boxs of 3 groups, is then used
Label adhesive paper is carried out concentration records and is affixed in its corresponding finishing box.Because gas stone can generate a large amount of bubbles in inflation,
It in order to avoid Tea Saponin loss, needs to close the lid to each finishing box, while young crab hypoxia death in order to prevent, at edge
Retain one 5 centimetres or so of gap.
Three, young crab dead individuals number and husking state are recorded
Tea Saponin is being added for 24 hours, after 48h, 72h and 96h, record the dead individuals number and husking state of young crab, specific side respectively
Method is as follows:
(1) the gas stone in finishing box, heating rod and the thermometer that will be operated after powering off take out；
(2) prepare the finishing box that a potassium permanganate sterilized in advance, in the yarn that the upper surface of finishing box laying good thing first sterilized
Net；
(3) seawater in the finishing box that will be recorded and young crab all penetrate gauze and pour into new finishing box, then in gauze
The upper surface of will leave young crab；
(4) it checks the dead individuals number of young crab and records the state of its husking；
(5) gas stone, thermometer and heating rod are reinstalled again, then seawater is refunded to the original finishing box with label
In, then the young crab recorded is also reentered into wherein, and clean finishing box and gauze without label；
(6) aforesaid operations are repeated, until the case where having recorded the young crab in all finishing boxs.
Fig. 1 ~ 4 the result shows that using Tea Saponin for 24 hours, after 48h, 72h and 96h, 2ppm, 4ppm, 6ppm and 8ppm are dense
The Tea Saponin solution of degree can reduce the death rate of the Crab Portunus trituberculatus Larvae in growth and development process significantly, and especially 8
The reduction of ppm concentration Tea Saponin treated Juvenile mortality is most obvious, and when handling 24 h at this concentration children crab death
Rate is 0%.In addition, the Tea Saponin solution of 10ppm concentration can also reduce the death rate of Crab Portunus trituberculatus Larvae when for 24 hours, but
When increasing to 48h or more between when treated, the Tea Saponin solution of 10ppm concentration cannot reduce the dead of Crab Portunus trituberculatus Larvae again
Die rate.
Fig. 5 be shown in using 10ppm concentration Tea Saponin for 24 hours after, the molt rate of young crab is higher than control group；Fig. 6, which is shown, to be made
After the Tea Saponin 48h of 2-10ppm concentration, the molt rate of the molt rate of young crab is improved, especially 2ppm concentration Tea Saponin
The growth of treated young molt rate it is most.
Therefore, available by the above results, being handled with certain density Tea Saponin three wart shuttle children crabs can
Relatively efficiently to reduce the death rate of the Crab Portunus trituberculatus Larvae in growth and development process, and with the liter of Tea Saponin concentration
The death rate of high Crab Portunus trituberculatus Larvae during the growth process can decrease, but when the concentration of Tea Saponin reaches 10ppm or more
When the children crab death rate will increase；Simultaneously after the young crab 24-48h of Tea Saponin processing, Tea Saponin can also promote Portunus trituberculatus Miers
After the husking of the young, especially 10ppm concentration Tea Saponin processing for 24 hours, the death rate of young crab, which is reduced, and molt rate is again obvious is risen
Height is very beneficial for the growth and development of three wart shuttle children crabs.
Embodiment 2
The reduction Crab larvae death rate is being prepared using Tea Saponin and is being promoted in Crab larvae husking preparation in the present embodiment
Using, specifically includes the following steps:
One, cultivation early period of young crab
1, the preparation of cultivating pool
Be filled with enough seawater after pond disinfection, seawater salinity requires 26 ‰ ~ 30 ‰, pH value 7.8 ~ 8.5,4 mg/L of dissolved oxygen with
On；Also to guarantee that cultivation water is pollution-free, if seawater bacteria content is higher, can be handled with the bleaching powder of 20 ~ 100 pm concentration,
It can be used through detection chlorine residue disappearance rear.
2, juvenile crab cultivates
After putting into Portunus trituberculatus Miers seedling, it should be noted that control and adjustment are suitable for the water temperature and water colour that juvenile crab grows, and wherein water temperature is protected
It holds between 20 DEG C ~ 28 DEG C, and not timing supplements suitable zeolite powder or change water and makes according to the transparency of water colour to cultivating pool
Water transparence is maintained at 20cm or so.Zoea is in Portunus trituberculatus Miers to need to feed wheel animalcule to megalops larva period,
And the quantity according to wheel animalcule remaining in water of not timing carries out supplement and feeds, but to guarantee on a small quantity repeatedly when feeding, to prevent
Water quality deterioration.When occurring a phase children crab individual in pond, then big artemia is fed.
Two, the addition containing Tea Saponin preparation
When occurring more phase children crab individual in pond, the preparation containing 8ppm concentration Tea Saponin is added to the cultivation of young crab
In pond, continue to cultivate young crab.
Three, the daily management of young crab cultivation
In daily breeding process, daily management is also particularly important, because to provide best growth to young crab as far as possible
Environment.Daily daily management approximately as:
(1) management of water temperature: the temperature of seawater in pond will be first observed before daily feeding, keeps it in 20 DEG C ~ 28 DEG C, such as
It was found that there is the phenomenon that temperature reduction, reason and solution are found in time.
(2) big artemia is fed: at daily early 7 points to feeding big artemia between seven thirty for the first time；Ten half past one at noon
It is fed for the second time to ten point to points；5 points to 6 points progress third times are fed in the afternoon；Finally in late ten thirty to 11
Point feed for the 4th time, and the quantity fed every time is two to three young corresponding one big artemias of crab.
(3) control of water colour: like living in due to Crab Portunus trituberculatus Larvae in more muddy water body, so to control
The transparency of water body, that is, the visibility being maintained in the water body of 1 meter of depth are advisable in 20cm or so.Its processing method controlled are as follows:
Zeolite powder is put into according to water colour situation in right amount between seven thirty at early 7 points；In ten half past one between ten two points, one is weighed
Quantitative prawn slice are washed by rubbing with the hands in the disinfected sea water of 1:1500 volume through the yarn thin,tough silk of 200 mesh, are then added in cultivating pool；In
Suitable zeolite powder is added according to water colour situation at that time in ten one points of at 6 points in afternoon and evening.
(4) increase and match oxygen increasing equipment: needing to observe the oxygen content of water body in pond before each feeding and adjustment water colour in time,
Increase in time with oxygen increasing equipment and booting oxygenation, guarantees the abundance of oxygen supply of water body with this.
In three wart shuttle children's crab breeding process in the present embodiment, the Tea Saponin preparation containing 8 ppm concentration can be bright
The dead number of the aobvious young crab of reduction, and then reduce the death rate of the young crab in growth and development process, and said preparation can be with
The husking for promoting young crab, to promote the growth and development of young crab.
The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than is limited；Although referring to aforementioned reality
Applying example, invention is explained in detail, for those of ordinary skill in the art, still can be to aforementioned implementation
Technical solution documented by example is modified or equivalent replacement of some of the technical features；And these are modified or replace
It changes, the spirit and scope for claimed technical solution of the invention that it does not separate the essence of the corresponding technical solution.
Claims (8)
1. Tea Saponin is in the application being used to prepare in the preparation for reducing the Crab larvae death rate.
2. application of the Tea Saponin according to claim 1 in the preparation for being used to prepare the reduction Crab larvae death rate,
It is characterized in that, the use concentration of the Tea Saponin in the formulation is 2 ~ 8 ppm.
3. application of the Tea Saponin according to claim 1 in the preparation for being used to prepare the reduction Crab larvae death rate,
It is characterized in that, the processing time of the Tea Saponin is 24 ~ 72 h.
4. Tea Saponin is being used to prepare the application promoted in Crab larvae husking preparation.
5. Tea Saponin according to claim 4 is in the application being used to prepare in the preparation for promoting Crab larvae husking, spy
Sign is that the use concentration of the Tea Saponin in the formulation is 8 ~ 10 ppm.
6. Tea Saponin according to claim 4 is in the application being used to prepare in the preparation for promoting Crab larvae husking, spy
Sign is that the processing time of the Tea Saponin is 24 ~ 48 h.
7. application according to claim 1 or 4, which is characterized in that the Crab larvae is Crab Portunus trituberculatus Larvae.
8. application according to claim 7, which is characterized in that the Crab Portunus trituberculatus Larvae feeds mode are as follows: In
Daily morning 7:00 ~ 7:30, noon 11:30 ~ 12:00, afternoon 17:00 ~ 18:00 and evening 22:30 ~ 23:00, which divide 4 times, to be fed, every time
It is fed with the quantity ratio of Crab Portunus trituberculatus Larvae and big 2 ~ 3:1 of artemia.
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