CN110461572B - 可径向收缩的纺织软管 - Google Patents

可径向收缩的纺织软管 Download PDF

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CN110461572B
CN110461572B CN201880020774.7A CN201880020774A CN110461572B CN 110461572 B CN110461572 B CN 110461572B CN 201880020774 A CN201880020774 A CN 201880020774A CN 110461572 B CN110461572 B CN 110461572B
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hose
inner layer
textile
textile hose
outer layer
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CN110461572A (zh
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M·克菲斯
N·伯格曼
蒂莫·皮沃斯基
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Iprotex GmbH and Co KG
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02G—INSTALLATION OF ELECTRIC CABLES OR LINES, OR OF COMBINED OPTICAL AND ELECTRIC CABLES OR LINES
    • H02G3/00—Installations of electric cables or lines or protective tubing therefor in or on buildings, equivalent structures or vehicles
    • H02G3/02—Details
    • H02G3/04—Protective tubing or conduits, e.g. cable ladders or cable troughs
    • H02G3/0462—Tubings, i.e. having a closed section
    • H02G3/0481—Tubings, i.e. having a closed section with a circular cross-section
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C61/00—Shaping by liberation of internal stresses; Making preforms having internal stresses; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C61/06—Making preforms having internal stresses, e.g. plastic memory
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C63/00—Lining or sheathing, i.e. applying preformed layers or sheathings of plastics; Apparatus therefor
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    • B29C63/42—Lining or sheathing, i.e. applying preformed layers or sheathings of plastics; Apparatus therefor by liberation of internal stresses using tubular layers or sheathings
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    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B1/00—Layered products having a non-planar shape
    • B32B1/08—Tubular products
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
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    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/026—Knitted fabric
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    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
    • B32B5/24—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/245—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer next to it being a foam layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/04—Interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/08—Interconnection of layers by mechanical means
    • B32B7/09—Interconnection of layers by mechanical means by stitching, needling or sewing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/04—Interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/12—Interconnection of layers using interposed adhesives or interposed materials with bonding properties
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02G—INSTALLATION OF ELECTRIC CABLES OR LINES, OR OF COMBINED OPTICAL AND ELECTRIC CABLES OR LINES
    • H02G15/00—Cable fittings
    • H02G15/08—Cable junctions
    • H02G15/18—Cable junctions protected by sleeves, e.g. for communication cable
    • H02G15/1806—Heat shrinkable sleeves
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2313/00—Use of textile products or fabrics as reinforcement
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2995/00—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds
    • B29K2995/0012—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds having particular thermal properties
    • B29K2995/0015—Insulating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/50—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular mechanical properties
    • B32B2307/554—Wear resistance
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/70—Other properties
    • B32B2307/732—Dimensional properties
    • B32B2307/734—Dimensional stability
    • B32B2307/736—Shrinkable
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
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    • B32B2597/00—Tubular articles, e.g. hoses, pipes

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  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
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  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Rigid Pipes And Flexible Pipes (AREA)
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  • Knitting Of Fabric (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明涉及可径向收缩的用于包套长条形物体的纺织软管，其特征是具有由可径向收缩的耐磨材料构成的外层(2)和至少一个由隔热材料构成的内层(4)。

Description

可径向收缩的纺织软管
技术领域
本发明涉及用于包套长条形物体的可径向收缩的纺织软管。
背景技术
由EP1685285B1公开了一种双层织造的可径向收缩的织造织物软管，其具有一个上织物层和一个下织物层，在这里，所述织物层在其边缘利用交织经纱相互连接，因此得到软管。这种软管例如在汽车工程领域被用于机械加强以及提高硬管和软管的耐磨强度。为此，它们被蒙覆到长条形物体如硬管、软管和泡沫材料管线上，接着被收缩。于是，因此得到防机械磨损保护。同时存在使用泡沫材料管线例如EPDM泡沫材料管线来绝缘。目前，实际上采用例如基于EPDM的泡沫材料软管以防止热损耗或冷影响地保护汽车中的管线。它们一方面可以是例如像引导冷却液的管线的机构。同样，也可以借此包套电气布线组件。隔绝尤其用于预防机动车驱动系统的可能因热损而出现的可能有的功率损耗。上述EPDM泡沫材料软管一方面具备高的绝缘性能，另一方面，它们极其容易受到机械作用例如磨损的影响。但是，在汽车结构和其它应用情况下也存在长条形物体如机动车发动机室或用于输送冷却液的聚酰胺管线，其基本上必须被保护以免热影响。因此，它们在包套安装时已不应遭受热负荷。就此而言，在此，可遇热收缩的纺织织物软管是不适用的或仅有限适用。
因为在汽车结构中变得越来越狭小的结构空间，在机动车发动机室中出现被用于隔热的泡沫材料管线与其它的例如灼热部件或磨蚀性部件接触的概率很高。根据接触强度，大的磨蚀力可以作用于泡沫材料管线，这导致泡沫材料管线的快速损坏，进而隔离作用可能显著限制。
发明内容
本发明的任务是提出一种可径向收缩的用于包套长条形物体的纺织软管，在此避免或至少明显减少了从现有技术中知道的缺点。
该任务通过一种软管、即一种可径向收缩的用于包套长条形物体的软管完成，其特点是具有由可收缩的耐磨材料构成的外层和至少一个由隔热材料构成的内层。根据本发明的这种具有规定的导热系数和同时高的机械耐磨性的软管可以在唯一一个工序中被缩套到要隔热的且受到磨损威胁的杆、软管、缆束、管线、型材、管道上并在那里基本上坚定不移地固定安装，它们不必长条延伸地存在，而是应表明任何弯曲。由此，可以有利地省掉多层的事后重叠收紧。也避免受到磨损威胁的绝缘层如EPDM泡沫材料管线的损伤。这样的软管例如可以如此设计，它用轴向延伸的复丝经纱和沿周向延伸的可收缩的单丝纬纱来织造。当本发明的软管收缩时，包套的外层因可收缩的单丝纬纱而倾向于径向压缩该软管。显然，根据本发明，该外层为此具有如下性能，即在周向上缩短以造成径向压缩。
为了保持尽量低的加工时的安装成本，保护软管优选可以在加工中的一个工序中来安装。因此缘故，本发明的纺织软管是优选的，因为其多层结构可以在一个工序中制成，因此省掉了因事后重叠收紧多层而造成的高昂的安装成本。
在本发明的一个有利设计方案中，如此设计该软管，所述至少一个内层的材料在热输入情况下能膨胀。这带来显著优点，在外层收缩的同时获得内层膨胀，这又允许包套固定安置在长条形物体上。
在本发明的另一个有利设计方案中，如此设计该软管，所述外层和至少一个内层在局部通过织物结合、缝合或胶黏来相互连接。所述实施方式还简化了本发明软管的套装，因为其两层在套装时无法相互运动和相互分开。所述安装因此更安全可靠。
在本发明的又一个有利设计方案中，如此设计该软管，所述外层和至少一个内层沿轴向延伸的相互间隔的区域相互连接。为此，可以有利地获得紧凑且因而稳固的软管结构。
在本发明的另外一个不同的有利设计方案中，如此设计该软管，在所述外层和至少一个内层之间，在位于所述区域之间的空腔之间区域内布置呈纱线、细带且最好由泡沫材料构成的填料。所述实施方式允许显著提高本发明软管的绝缘性能。提供呈尤其由泡沫材料构成的纱线和细带形式的合适绝缘材料的完全填充。
在本发明的又一个有利设计方案中，如此设计该软管，所述外层和至少一个内层被设计成机织物、针织物、编织物或编结物。这有利地允许很经济地制造本发明的软管。
在本发明的又一个不同的有利设计方案中，如此设计该软管，它具有轴向延伸的复丝纱线和沿周向延伸的单丝纱线和复丝纱线。通过加入例如随单丝纱线浮动延伸的沿周向延伸的复丝纱线，一方面可以控制软管的导热系数，另一方面，可以影响收缩过程。另外，因为该有利的改进而出现更均匀一致的收缩形式。避免所谓的经纱间隙。结合稳定性提升。
在本发明的另一个不同的有利设计方案中，如此设计该软管，所述外层涂覆或浸渍有提高耐磨强度的物质。利用该有利措施，可以个别期望地获得本发明软管的使用寿命。
在本发明的再一个有利设计方案中，如此设计该软管，所述至少一个内层涂覆或浸渍有提升导热系数的物质。利用该有利措施，可以个别期望地提升本发明软管的绝缘能力。
上述物质对应于在现有技术中公开的整理液。用于提高导热系数、机械稳定性或冷切割能力的物质例如可以借助填充、刮涂或喷涂来施加。
在本发明的又一个有利设计方案中，如此设计该软管，即，它至少部分由经整理的纱线构成。所述实施方式带来以下优点，根据涉及用于期望应用目的的导热系数、机械稳定性以及冷切割能力的优化需求的不同，个别经整理的纱线积极影响到本发明软管的性能。
在本发明的另一个有利设计方案中，如此设计该软管，所述至少一个内层在内侧浸润有附着剂或胶。由此，本发明软管可靠安装在所选的长条形物体上可以尤其在安装在振动环境中时更提升。
在本发明的另一个其它有利设计方案中，如此设计该软管，即，所述至少一个内层以细带形式尤其由泡沫材料构成。在呈细带形式的内层中，相比于常见的纱线有利地可以获得更多的空气夹杂，由此可进一步提升绝缘作用。
附图说明
为了更好地理解本发明并且为了说明可以如何实行本发明，以下将结合一个实施例并借助附图来简短详述本发明。
图1以立体图极其示意性地示出沿纵向大致居中剖切的本发明软管的局部，软管围绕长条形物体布置并且部分已经绕其收缩。
图2以横截面示意图示出具有细节X的纺织软管。
图3以立体图极其示意性地示出本发明的软管的一个实施方式的局部。
图4以立体图极其示意性地示出沿纵向大致居中剖切的本发明软管的局部，与图1相似但没有长条形物体。
图5以立体图极其示意性地示出带有纵向腔室的本发明纺织软管的局部。
具体实施方式
图1示出纵向大致居中剖切的本发明的软管10，其具有外层2和内层4。外层2应该是耐磨的包套，其包围绝缘的内层4。软管10在区域III中已经围绕长条形物体、在此例如是管线1收缩。
在区域I、II中，软管10还具有大于管线1外径的内径。在开始安装时，根据本发明的未收缩的软管10以根据区域I的直径被套到管线1上。于是，软管例如借助热空气直通炉从外侧承受热，收缩到管路上，结果，它就像在区域II内的过渡处所示的那样收缩并贴靠管线1。在区域III中，软管10收缩完全并且固着安置在管线1上。能清楚看到该绝缘的内层4比耐磨的外层2更厚。
在区域III中，软管10已经完全收缩且固着在管线1上，其中绝缘的内层4紧贴。在绝缘的内层4和管线1之间还布置有胶以将软管更可靠地固定在管线1上。
在区域II中，收缩过程应该是象征性的。通过加热套装于管路1上的软管10，软管收缩。此时纺织软管10的直径缩小，在此，绝缘的内层4的和耐磨的外层2的壁厚同时增大。
隔热内层4有利地具有在0.5至6毫米之间的壁厚。纺织软管10的耐磨的外层2具有如下功能，绝缘的内层4被保护以免外界机械影响。
在图2中示出了在此例如设计成横椭圆形的本发明的软管10，其具有外层2和内层4，它们借助多个例如呈织物组织或接结线圈或编结连接形式的接结26相互连接。所述接结26也可以在采用多层如上所述的绝缘内层4情况下布置在它们之间。接结26在此情况下不仅环绕延伸于纺织软管10中，也沿其纵向延伸，以获得这些层的均匀一致的连接。优选地，所述接结26在纺织软管10制造时以结合技术来提供。本发明的软管10可以通过机织、针织、编织或编结来制造。作为接结26，也可以想到借助粘接技术或通过单独层的缝合的事后固定。在图2的右下侧放大示出了接结26的布置。
图3示出了纺织软管50的示意图，就像在借助适用于提高导热系数、机械稳定性等的整理液的织物整理之后所存在的那样。在此情况下放大示出了纺织软管50的局部，以表示以下称为“涂层”的整理液(其是用于织物整理或整理纺织物的液体，见上)浸透纺织软管50。在此情况下，用附图标记60例如说明软管的纺织层，其完全浸透，而附图标记70应该表示呈未经整理(在施加整理液前)形式的纺织层。
也可以想到，仅纺织软管表面以面的方式被润湿，并因此放弃整个纺织软管的完全浸透。通过表面润湿，所述内层没有通过整理(整理液)被“强化”，由此维持内层纱线的鼓凸并且可获得更好的绝缘值。此外得到如下优点，可以节约整理剂。
图4以立体图非常示意性地示出沿纵向大致居中剖切的本发明软管的局部，类似于图1。
图5以立体图非常示意性地示出具有外层22和内层24以及位于两者间的纵向空腔21的本发明的可径向收缩的纺织软管20的局部，纵向空腔部分填充有填充纱23。内层24包围出一个内腔27，在该内腔中可以安置有(未示出)长条形物体如管、缆线等，或者该内腔可用本发明的软管20包套。如果本发明的软管20“套装”到长条形物体上(图1)，则它借助热收缩，从而它紧贴围绕长条形物体且固着在那里。内层24的内表面29也能有利地具有胶，可借此在收缩时获得软管20更好地附着在长条形物体上。在根据图5的实施例中所填充的其中几个腔室21装有呈纱线、细带形式的最好由泡沫材料构成的填料23，软管20的绝缘性能可以借此显著提高。
根据本发明的软管20的外层22和内层24例如如图5所示是织造的并且在区域12的区域中通过例如织物结合26相互连接。在纵向延伸的区域12之间设置有多个腔室21。在外层22的外表面上示出了平纹组织L1/1的纱线例如-∣-∣-∣-∣-∣-，在其中例如织入本发明的软管20。但也可以采用其它的织纹。但该软管也可以是针织的、编织的或编结的。外层22由可收缩的耐磨材料构成，而内层24由隔热材料构成。
安置于空腔21中的填充纱23还用于内层24的隔热。在图5的右上侧“外露”示出了呈例如卷曲纱线23形式的空腔21“填充”。为此，剖切示出了在部位“S”处的相应腔室。但也可行的是采用许多其它填料。在腔室211内例如填充入拉伸纱线231，其在部位T23处被“外露”示出。同时，软管可以采用即便呈纤网或细带形式的每种合适的隔热材料。在本实施例中示出了带有内层24的软管20。但根据本发明，也可以将多个内层24如洋葱皮那样重叠或套合布置，以便例如提高软管20的隔热性能。

Claims (12)

1.一种可径向收缩的纺织软管，该纺织软管用于包套长条形物体，具有如下特征：
a)由可收缩的耐磨材料构成的外层(2)，和
b)由隔热材料构成的至少一个内层(4)，
其特征是，
c)所述外层(2)和所述至少一个内层(4)在局部通过织物结合(26)或缝合或胶黏相互连接，
d)所述外层(2)和所述至少一个内层(4)具有沿着轴向延伸的相互间隔的区域(12)，并且所述外层(2)和所述至少一个内层(4)沿着区域(12)相互连接，和
e)在所述外层(2)和所述至少一个内层(4)之间，在位于所述区域(12)之间的区域中，位于两者间的纵向空腔(21)填充有填充纱(23)，
f)其中，多层结构能够在一个单个工序中产生。
2.根据权利要求1所述的纺织软管，其特征是，所述至少一个内层(4)的材料在热输入情况下能膨胀。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的纺织软管，其特征是，所述外层(2)和所述至少一个内层(4)设计成机织物、针织物、编织物或编结物。
4.根据权利要求1所述的纺织软管，其特征是，所述软管具有轴向延伸的复丝纱线和沿周向延伸的单丝纱线和复丝纱线。
5.根据权利要求1所述的纺织软管，其特征是，所述外层(2)涂覆或浸渍有提升耐磨强度的物质。
6.根据权利要求5所述的纺织软管，其特征是，所述至少一个内层(4)涂覆或浸渍有提高导热系数的物质。
7.根据权利要求1所述的纺织软管，其特征是，所述软管至少部分由经整理的纱线构成。
8.根据权利要求1所述的纺织软管，其特征是，所述至少一个内层(4)在内侧被附着剂或胶浸润。
9.根据权利要求1所述的纺织软管，其特征是，所述至少一个内层(4)以细带形式构成。
10.根据权利要求1所述的纺织软管，其特征是，所述软管具有小于等于0.3W/m·K的导热系数。
11.根据权利要求1所述的纺织软管，其特征是，所述软管的壁厚在1至8毫米范围内。
12.根据权利要求9所述的纺织软管，其特征是，所述至少一个内层(4)由泡沫材料构成。
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