CN1104421C - 作为骨吸收抑制剂和玻连蛋白受体拮抗剂的新的亚氨基衍生物 - Google Patents
作为骨吸收抑制剂和玻连蛋白受体拮抗剂的新的亚氨基衍生物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1104421C CN1104421C CN97115460A CN97115460A CN1104421C CN 1104421 C CN1104421 C CN 1104421C CN 97115460 A CN97115460 A CN 97115460A CN 97115460 A CN97115460 A CN 97115460A CN 1104421 C CN1104421 C CN 1104421C
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Abstract
本发明描述了式I的亚氨基衍生物:R1-Y-A-B-D-E-F-G I,其中R1,Y,A,B,D,E,F和G具有权利要求书中所指的含义,它们的制备方法和它们作为药物的用途。根据本发明的化合物被用作玻连蛋白受体拮抗剂和骨吸收抑制剂。
Description
本发明涉及式I化合物及其生理学上适用的盐和含有这些化合物的药物制剂、它们的制备方法和它们作为药物的用途,尤其是作为通过破骨细胞的骨吸收抑制剂,作为肿瘤生长和肿瘤转移的抑制剂,作为消炎药,用于治疗和预防心血管疾病如动脉硬化或心瓣再狭窄,用于治疗和预防肾病和视网膜病,例如,糖尿病视网膜病,和作为玻连蛋白受体拮抗剂用于治疗和预防由于玻连蛋白受体和它们的配体之间在细胞-细胞或细胞-基质相互作用过程中的相互作用引起的疾病。本发明还涉及式I化合物和它们生理学上适用的盐和含有这些化合物的药物制剂作为药物用于缓解或治疗下列疾病的用途,这些疾病至少部分由不希望有的程度的骨吸收、血管生成、血管平滑肌细胞增生引起。
人体骨进行连续的动态修复过程,该过程涉及骨吸收和骨形成。这些过程由该过程专门的细胞类型控制。骨形成基于通过破骨细胞的骨基质沉积,骨吸收基于通过破骨细胞骨基质的降解作用。大部分骨疾病是由于骨形成和骨吸收之间的平衡被打破。骨质疏松症的特征在于骨基质损失。活化的破骨细胞是具有直径高达400微米的聚核细胞,它们转移骨基质。活化的破骨细胞在骨基质表面上聚集并分泌蛋白分解酶和酸进入所谓的“封闭区”,即它们的细胞膜和骨基质之间的区域。酸环境和蛋白酶引起骨降解作用。
根据本发明的式I化合物抑制通过破骨细胞的骨吸收。可以用本发明的化合物治疗的骨疾病尤其是指骨质疏松症,高血钙,骨质稀少症,例如由迁移引起的骨质稀少症,牙病,甲状旁腺机能亢进,类风湿性关节炎的耳郭周糜烂和佩吉特病。
式I化合物还可以用于缓解、预防或治疗骨疾病,这些疾病由糖肾上腺皮质激素,类固醇或皮质类固醇治疗引起或者由于性激素缺乏引起。所有这些疾病的特征在于骨损失,它们是由于骨形成和骨破坏之间的不平衡引起的。
研究表明,破骨细胞在骨上的聚集受在破骨细胞表面上的整联蛋白受体控制。
整联蛋白是受体总科,它包括,尤其是,在血小板上的血纤维蛋白原受体αIIbβ3和玻连蛋白受体αvβ3。玻连蛋白受体αvβ3是膜糖蛋白,其在许多细胞如内质细胞,血管平滑肌细胞,破骨细胞和肿瘤细胞的细胞表面上表达。在破骨细胞膜上表达的玻连蛋白受体αvβ3控制在骨上的聚集和骨吸收过程,因此导致骨质疏松症。
在这种情况下,αvβ3结合骨基质蛋白如骨桥蛋白,骨涎蛋白和血小板反应蛋白(thrombospontin),它们含有三肽主体Arg-Gly-Asp(或RGD)。
Horton和他的合作者描述了RGD肽和抗-玻连蛋白受体抗体(23C6),其通过破骨细胞和破骨细胞迁移抑制牙齿破损(Horton等,《实验细胞进展》1991,195,368)。在细胞生物学期刊,1990,111,1713中,Sato等描述了echistatin,一种来自蛇毒液的RGD肽,其作为在组织培养中骨吸收的有力抑制剂和作为到达骨的破骨细胞的抑制剂。Fischer等(《内分泌学》,1993,132,1411)能够证明在鼠中echistatin也在体内抑制骨吸收。
在人体主动脉血管平滑肌的细胞上的玻连蛋白受体αvβ3刺激这些细胞迁移到新内膜中,其最后导致动脉硬化和血管成形术后的心瓣再狭窄(Brown等,《心血管研究》,1994,28,1815)。
本发明的式I化合物还可以用作活性化合物的载体,以便专门传送活性化合物至作用位置(=药物靶,参见,例如,“靶药物传送”,R.C.Juliano,《实验药理学手册》,第100卷,Born,G.V.R.等编辑,Springer出版社)。活性化合物是那些可以用于治疗上面提到的疾病的化合物。
Brooks等(《细胞》,1994,79,1157)证明,针对αvβ3的抗体或αvβ3拮抗剂可以在血管生成过程中通过诱发血管细胞的编程性细胞死亡引起肿瘤缩小。Chersh等(《科学》,1995,270,1500)描述了抗-αvβ3抗体或αvβ3拮抗剂,它们在鼠眼中抑制由bFGF-诱发的血管生成过程,它们可以用于视网膜病的治疗。
WO94/12181描述了取代的芳族或非芳族环系统和WO94/08577描述了取代的杂环作为血纤维蛋白原受体拮抗剂和血小板聚集抑制剂。EP-A-518586和EP-A-528587揭示了氨基烷基-或杂环基-取代的苯基丙氨酸衍生物,和WO95/32710揭示了作为通过破骨细胞的骨吸收抑制剂的芳基衍生物。WO96/00574描述了苯并二吖庚因,和WO96/00730描述了血纤维蛋白原受体拮抗剂模板,尤其是苯并二吖庚因,它们与含氮5-元环连接,作为玻连蛋白受体拮抗剂。
本发明涉及其所有的立体异构体形式的式I化合物,和它们以任何比率的混合物、及其它们在生理学上适用的盐:
R1-Y-A-B-D-E-F-G I,其中:A是一直键,(C1-C8)亚烷基,-NR2-N=CR2-,
-NR2-C(O)-NR2-,-NR2-C(O)O-,-NR2-C(O)S-,
-NR2-C(S)-NR2-,-NR2-C(S)-O-,-NR2-C(S)-S-,
-NR2-S(O)n-NR2-,NR2-S(O)n-O-,
-NR2-S(O)n-,(C3-C12)-亚环烷基,-C≡C-,-NR2-C(O)-,
-C(O)-NR2-,-(C5-C14)-亚芳基-C(O)-NR2-,-O-,
-S(O)n-,-(C5-C14)-亚芳基-,-CO-,-(C5-C14)
-亚芳基-CO-,-NR2-,-SO2-NR2-,-CO2-,-N=CR2-,
-R2-C=N-,-CR2=CR3-,-(C5-C14)-亚芳基-S(O)n
-,它们各自分别可以被(C1-C8)-亚烷基单取代或二取代,例如,可以是-(C1-C8)-亚烷基-CO-NR2-(C1-C8)-亚烷基,-
(C1-C8)-亚烷基-CO-NR2-或-CO-NR2-(C1-C8)-亚烷
基;B是一直键,(C1-C8)-亚烷基,-CR2=CR3-或-C≡C-,它们各
自分别可以被(C1-C8)-亚烷基单取代或多取代,例如,可以是
-CH2-C≡C-CH2-,-CH2-CR2=CR3,或5-或6-元饱和或不饱
和环的二价基团,它可以含有1或2个氮原子且可以被(C1-C6)-烷基或双键键合的氧原子或硫原子单取代或二取代;D是一直键,(C1-C8)亚烷基或-O-,-NR2-,-CO-NR2-,
-NR2-CO-,-NR2-C(O)-NR2-,-NR2-C(S)-NR2-,
-OC(O)-,-C(O)O-,-CO-,-CS-,-S(O)-,
-S(O)2-,-S(O)2-NR2-,-NR2-S(O)-,
-NR2-S(O)2-,-S-,-CR2=CR3-,-C≡C-,-NR2-N=CR2-,
-N=CR2-,-R2C=N-或-CH(OH)-,它们各自分别可以被(C1
-C8)-亚烷基单取代或二取代;E是6-元芳环系统,其任选地含有高达4个氮原子和任选地被1-4个相同或不同的选自R2,R3,氟,Cl,Br,I,NO2和OH的基团取代;F如D所定义;G是Y是一直键或-NR2-;R1是R2-C(=NR2)-NR2-,R2R3N-C(=NR2)-,
R2R3N-C(=NR2)-NR2-,或4-10元单或多环芳族或非芳族环系统,它们可以
任选地含有1-4个选自N,O和S的杂原子,且可以任选地被选自R12,
R13,R14和R15的取代基单取代或多取代;R2,R3各自独立地是H,任选地被氟单取代或多取代的(C1-C10)烷基,
(C3-C12)环烷基,(C3-C12)环烷基-(C1-C8)-亚烷基,(C5
-C14)芳基,(C5-C14)芳基-(C1-C8)-亚烷基,H2N,
(R8O)R8NR9,R8OR9,R8OC(O)R9,R8-(C5-C14)-亚芳基-R9,R8R8NR9,
HO-(C1-C8)-亚烷基-NR8R9,R8R8NC(O)R9,R8C(O)NR8R9,
R8C(O)R9,R8R8N-C(=NR8)-,R8R8N-C(=NR8)-NR8-或
(C1-C18)-烷基羰氧基-(C1-(C6)亚烷基氧基羰基;R4,R5,R6,R7各自分别是H,氟,OH,(C1-C8)烷基,(C3-C12)
环烷基,(C3-C12)环烷基-(C1-C8)-亚烷基,或R8OR9,R8SR9,
R8CO2R9,R8OC(O)R9,R8-(C5-C14)-亚芳基-R9,
R8N(R2)R9,R8R8NR9,R8N(R2)C(O)OR9,R8S(O)nN(R2)R9,
R8OC(O)N(R2)R9,R8C(O)N(R2)R9,R8N(R2)C(O)N(R2)R9,
R8N(R2)S(O)nN(R2)R9,R8S(O)nR9,
R8SC(O)N(R2)R9,R8C(O)R9,R8N(R2)C(O)R9,
R8N(R2)S(O)nR9;R8是H,(C1-C8)烷基,(C3-C12)环烷基,(C3-C12)环烷基-
(C1-C8)-亚烷基,(C5-C14)-芳基,(C5-C14)-芳基-(C1
-C8)-亚烷基,其中烷基可以被氟单取代或多取代;R9是一直键或(C1-C8)-亚烷基;R10是C(O)R11,C(S)R11,S(O)nR11,P(O)(R11)n或四
至八元饱和或不饱和杂环,其含有选自N,O,S的1,2,3或4个
杂原子,例如,可以是四唑基,咪唑基,吡唑基,噁唑基,噻二唑基;R11是OH,(C1-C8)-烷氧基,(C5-C14)-芳基-(C1-C8)-亚
烷基氧基,(C5-C14)-芳氧基,(C1-C8)-烷基羰氧基-(C1-
C4)-亚烷基氧基,(C5-C14)-芳基-(C1-C8)-亚烷基羰氧基
-(C1-C6)-亚烷基氧基,NH2,单-或二-(C1-C8-烷基)-氨
基(C5-C14)-芳基-(C1-C8)-亚烷基氨基,(C1-C8)-二
烷基氨基羰基亚甲氧基,(C5-C14)-芳基-(C1-C8)-二烷基氨
基羰基亚甲氧基或(C5-C14)-芳基氨基或L-或D-氨基酸基团;R12,R13,R14,R15各自独立的是H,任选地被氟单取代或多取代的(C1-
C10)烷基,(C3-C12)环烷基,(C3-C12)环烷基-(C1-C8)-亚
烷基,(C5-C14)芳基,(C5-C14)芳基-(C1-C8)-亚烷基,
H2N,(R8O)R8NR9,R8OR9,R8OC(O)R9,R8R8NR9,R8-(C5-C14)
-亚芳基-R9,HO-(C1-C8)-亚烷基-N(R2)R9,
R8N(R2)C(O)R9,R8C(O)N(R2)R9,R8C(O)R9,R2R3N-C(=NR2)
-N(R2)-,R2R3N-C(=NR8)-,=O,=S;n是1或2;p,q各自分别是0或1;
其中式I化合物中基团A,D或F中的至少1个是-NR2-N=CR2-,-N=CR2-或-R2C=N-。
取代基中的烷基可以是直链或支链的,饱和的或单-或多不饱和的烷基。这种情况同样适用于烷基衍生得到的基团,例如,烷氧基。环烷基可以是单-,二-或三环的。
单环环烷基尤其是环丙基,环丁基,环戊基,环己基,环庚基和环辛基,但是,它还可以被,例如,(C1-C4)-烷基取代。可以被提及的取代的环烷基的实例是4-甲基环己基和2,3-二甲基环烷基。
二环和三环环烷基可以是未取代的,或者在任何所需的位置上可以被一个或多个氧代基和/或一个或多个相同或不同的(C1-C4)-烷基,例如,甲基或异丙基、优选甲基取代。二环或三环基的自由键可以位于分子的任何所需的位置上;因此这些基团可以通过桥头原子或在桥中的原子被键合。自由键也可以位于任何立体化学位置上,例如在外型-或内型-位置上。
6-元芳环系统的实例是苯基,吡啶基,哒嗪基,嘧啶基,吡嗪基,1,3,5-三嗪基,1,2,4-三嗪基,1,2,3-三嗪基,四嗪基。
二环系统母体的实例是降冰片烷(=二环[2.2.1]庚烷),二环[2.2.2]辛烷和二环[3.2.1]辛烷。被氧代基取代的系统的实例是樟脑(=1,7,7-三甲基-2-氧代二环[2.2.1]庚烷)。
三环系统母体的实例是三环癸烷(=三环[4.4.0.03,8]癸烷),金刚烷(=三环[3.3.1.13,7]癸烷),去甲金刚烷(=三环[3.3.1.03,7]壬烷),三环[2.2.1.02,6]庚烷,三环[5.3.2.04,9]十二烷,三环[5.4.0.02,9]十一烷或三环[5.5.1.03,11]十三烷。
芳基是,例如,苯基,萘基,联苯基,蒽基或芴基,其中优选1-萘基,2-萘基和尤其是苯基。芳基,尤其是苯基,可以被单-或多取代,优选被相同或不同的选自下列的基团单取代、二取代或三取代,这些基团是(C1-C8)-烷基,尤其是(C1-C4)-烷基,(C1-C8)-烷氧基,尤其是(C1-C4)-烷氧基,卤素,如氟,氯和溴,硝基,氨基,三氟甲基,羟基,亚甲二氧基,氰基,羟基羰基,氨基羰基,(C1-C4)-烷氧基羰基,苯基,苯氧基,苄基,苄氧基,四唑基,(R17O)2P(O)-和(R17O)2P(O)-O-,其中R17是H,(C1-C10)-烷基,(C6-C14)-芳基或(C6-C14)-芳基-(C1-C8)-烷基。
在单取代苯基中,取代基可以连在2-,3-或4-位,优选3-位和4-位。如果苯基被二取代,取代基可以在相对于另一基团1,2-,1,3-或1,4-位。在二取代苯基中,两个取代基优选在相对于连接位置的3-和4-位。
芳基还可以是单环或多环芳环系统,其中1-5个碳原子可以被1-5个杂原子取代,例如,可以是2-吡啶基,3-吡定基,4-吡啶基,吡咯基,呋喃基,噻吩基,咪唑基,吡唑基,噁唑基,异噁唑基,噻唑基,异噻唑基,四唑基,吡啶基,吡嗪基,嘧啶基,吲哚基,异吲哚基,吲唑基,2,3-二氮杂萘基,喹啉基,异喹啉基,喹喔啉基,喹唑啉基,1,2-二氮杂萘基,β-咔啉基,或这些基团的苯并稠合,环戊基-、环己基-或环庚基-稠合衍生物。
这些杂环可以被与上面提到的碳环芳烃系统的取代基相同的取代基取代。
在这些芳基系列中,优选单环或二环芳环系统具有1-3个选自N,O和S的杂原子,它们可以被1-3个选自(C1-C6)-烷基,(C1-C6)-烷氧基,氟,氯,NO2,NH2,三氟甲基,OH,(C1-C4)-烷氧基羰基,苯基,苯氧基,苄氧基或苄基的取代基取代。
在这种情况中,特别优选的是具有1-3个选自N,O和S的杂原子的5-10元单环或二环芳环系统,它们可以被1-2个选自(C1-C4)-烷基,(C1-C4)-烷氧基,苯基,苯氧基,苄基或苄氧基的取代基取代。
优选的还有带有亲脂基团R4,R5,R6或R7,例如,苄氧基羰基氨基,环己基甲基羰基氨基等的式I化合物。
L-或D-氨基酸可以是天然的或非天然的氨基酸。优选α-氨基酸。可以提及的实例是:(参见:Houben-Weyl,[有机化学方法],第XV/1和2卷,Georg Thieme出版社,斯图加特,1974):Aad,Abu,γAbu,ABz,2ABz,εAca,Ach,Acp,Adpd,Ahb,Aib,βAib,Ala,βAla,ΔAla,Alg,All,Ama,Amt,Ape,Apm,Apr,Arg,Asn,Asp,Asu,Aze,Azi,Bai,Bph,Can,Cit,Cys,(Cys)2,Cyta,Daad,Dab,Dadd,Dap,Dapm,Dasu,Djen,Dpa,Dtc,Fel,Gln,Glu,Gly,Guv,hAla,hArg,hCys,hGln,hGlu,His,hlle,hLeu,hLys,hMet,hPhe,hPro,hSer,hThr,hTrp,hTyr,Hyl,Hyp,3Hyp,Ile,Ise,Iva,Kyn,Lant,Lcn,Leu,Lsg,Lys,βLys,ΔLys,Met,Mim,Min,nArg,Nle,Nva,Oly,Orn,Pan,Pec,Pen,Phe,Phg,Pic,Pro,ΔPro,Pse,Pya,Pyr,Pza,Qin,Ros,Sar,Sec,Sem,Ser,Thi,βThi,Thr,Thy,Thx,Tia,Tle,Tly,Trp,Trta,Tyr,Val,叔丁基甘氨酸(Tbg),新戊基甘氨酸(Npg),环己基甘氨酸(Chg),环己基丙氨酸(Cha),2-噻吩基丙氨酸(Thia),2,2-二苯基氨基乙酸,2-(对-甲苯基)-2-苯基氨基乙酸,2-(对-氯苯基)氨基乙酸;而且:吡咯烷-2-羧酸;哌啶-2-羧酸;1,2,3,4-四氢异喹啉-3-羧酸;十氢异喹啉-3-羧酸;八氢吲哚-2-羧酸;十氢喹啉-2-羧酸;八氢环戊二烯并[b吡咯-2-羧酸;2-氮杂二环[2.2.2]辛烷-3-羧酸;2-氮杂二环[2,2.1]庚烷-3-羧酸;2-氮杂二环[3.1.0]己烷-3-羧酸;2-氮杂螺环[4.4]壬烷-3-羧酸;2-氮杂螺环[4.5]癸烷-3-羧酸;螺(二环[2.2.1]庚烷)-2,3-吡咯烷-5-羧酸;螺(二环[2.2.2]辛烷)-2,3-吡咯烷-5-羧酸;2-氮杂三环[4.3.0.16,9]癸烷-3-羧酸;十氢环庚并[b]吡咯-2-羧酸;十氢环辛并[c]吡咯-2-羧酸;八氢环戊并[c]吡咯-2-羧酸;八氢异吲哚-1-羧酸; 2,3,3a,4,6a-六氢环戊并[b]吡咯-2-羧酸;2,3,3a,4,5,7a-六氢吲哚-2-羧酸;四氢噻唑-4-羧酸;异噁唑烷-3-羧酸;吡唑烷-3-羧酸,羟基吡咯烷-2-羧酸,它们都可以任选地被取代(见下列的分子式):
上面提到的基团所取代的杂环公开在,例如:
US-A-4,344,949;US-A 4,374,847;
US-A 4,350,704;EP-A 29,488;EP-A 31,741;EP-A 46,953;EP-A 49,605;
EP-A 49,658;EP-A 50,800;EP-A 51,020;EP-A 52,870;EP-A 79,022;
EP-A 84,164;EP-A 89,637;EP-A 90,341;EP-A 90,362;EP-A 105,102;
EP-A 109,020;EP-A 111,873;EP-A 271,865和EP-A 344,682。
氨基酸还可以作为酯或酰胺存在,例如,以甲酯,乙酯,异丙酯,异丁酯,叔丁酯,苄基酯,乙基酰胺,氨基脲或ω-氨基-(C2-C8)-烷基酰胺存在。
氨基酸的官能团可以以被保护的形式存在。适当的保护基如,例如,尿烷保护基,羧基保护基和侧链保护基描述在Hubbuch,接触(Kontakte)(Merck),1979,第3期,第14-23页,和Bullesbach,接触(Kontakte)(Merck),1980,第1期,第23-35页。尤其可以被提到的是下列保护基:
Aloc,Pyoc,Fmoc,Tcboc,Z,Boc,
Ddz,Bpoc,Adoc,Msc,Moc,Z(NO2),Z(Haln),Bobz,Iboc,Adpoc,Mboc,
Acm,tert-Butyl,OBzl,ONbzl,OMbzl,Bzl,Mob,Pic,Trt.
式I化合物的生理学上适用的盐尤其是可药用盐或非毒性盐。这些盐由,例如,含有酸性基团例如羧基的式I化合物与碱金属或碱土金属,例如,Na,K,Mg和Ca,和与生理学上适用的有机胺,例如,三乙胺,乙醇胺或三-(2-羟基乙基)胺形成。含有碱性基团例如氨基,脒基或胍基的式I化合物与无机酸,例如,盐酸,硫酸或磷酸,和与有机羧酸或磺酸例如乙酸,柠檬酸,苯甲酸,马来酸,富马酸,酒石酸,甲磺酸或对-甲苯磺酸形成盐。
本发明的式I化合物可以含有光学活性碳原子,这些碳原子各自分别可以具有R和S构型,因此可以以纯对映体或纯非对映体形式或以对映体混合物或非对映体混合物形式存在。本发明既涉及纯对映体和对映体混合物,也涉及非对映体和非对映体混合物。本发明包括了以所有立体异构体比率存在的式I的两种立体异构体混合物和两种以上式I的立体异构体混合物。
由于至少一个基团A,D或F各自独立地是-NR2-N=CR2-,-N=CR2-或-R2C=N-,和如果一个或多个式I的基团是-CR2=CR3-,则本发明的式I化合物可以作为E/Z异构体混合物存在。本发明既涉及纯的E和Z异构体,也涉及以所有比率的E/Z异构体混合物。非对映体,包括E/Z异构体,可以通过色谱法分离成单一异构体。外消旋体也可以通过手性相色谱法或通过外消旋拆分分离成两个对映体。
本发明的式I化合物还可以含有可移动氢原子,即可以以各种互变异构形式存在。本发明也涉及这些互变异构体。
优选的、以其所有立体异构体形式存在的式I化合物和它们以任何比率的混合物及其它们在生理学上适用的盐是那些,其中:A是一直键,(C1-C6)亚烷基,-NR2-N=CR2-,
-NR2-C(O)-NR2-,-NR2-C(O)O-,-NR2-C(O)S-,
-NR2-C(S)-NR2-,-NR2-C(S)-O-,-NR2-C(S)-S-,
-NR2-S(O)n-NR2-,NR2-S(O)n-O-,
-NR2-S(O)n-,(C3-C8)-亚环烷基,-C≡C-,-NR2-C(O)-,
-C(O)-NR2-,-(C5-C12)-亚芳基-C(O)-NR2-,-O-,
-S(O)n-,-(C5-C12)-亚芳基-,-CO-,-(C5-C12)
-亚芳基-CO-,-NR2-,-SO2-NR2-,-CO2-,-N=CR2-,
-R2C=N-,-CR2=CR3-,-(C5-C12)-亚芳基-S(O)n-,
它们各自分别可以被(C1-C8)-亚烷基单取代或二取代;B是一直键,(C1-C8)-亚烷基,-CR2=CR3-或-C≡C-,它们各
自分别可以被(C1-C8)-亚烷基单取代或二取代;D是一直键,(C1-C8)亚烷基或-O-,-NR2-,-CO-NR2-,
-NR2-CO-,-NR2-C(O)-NR2-,-NR2-C(S)-NR2-,
-OC(O)-,-C(O)O-,-CO-,-CS-,-S(O)-,
-S(O)2-,-S(O)2-NR2-,-NR2-S(O)-,
-NR2-S(O)2-,-S-,-CR2=CR3-,-C≡C-,-NR2-N=CR2-,
-N=CR2-或-R2C=N-,它们各自分别可以被(C1-C6)-亚烷
基单取代或二取代;E是6-元芳环系统,其任选地含有1或2个氮原子和任选地被1-3
R2R3N-C(=NR2)-NR2-,或4-10元单或多环芳族或非芳族环系统,它们可以
任选地含有1-4个选自N,O和S的杂原子,和可以任选地被选自R12,
R13,R14和R15的取代基单取代或多取代;R2,R3各自独立地是H,任选地被氟单取代或多取代的(C1-C8)烷基,
(C3-C8)环烷基,(C3-C8)环烷基-(C1-C6)-亚烷基,(C5
-C12)芳基,(C5-C12)芳基-(C1-C6)-亚烷基,H2N,
(R8O)R8NR9,R8OR9,R8OC(O)R9,R8-(C5-C12)-亚芳基-R9,R8R8NR9,
HO-(C1-C8)-亚烷基-NR8R9,R8R8NC(O)R9,R8C(O)NR8R9,
R8C(O)R9,R8R8N-C(=NR8)-,R8R8N-C(=NR8)-NR8-或
(C1-C10)-烷基羰氧基-(C1-C4)亚烷基氧基羰基;R4,R5,R6,R7各自独立地是H,氟,OH,(C1-C8)烷基,(C3-C8)
环烷基,(C3-C8)环烷基-(C1-C8)-亚烷基,或R8OR9,R8SR9,
R8CO2R9,R8OC(O)R9,R8-(C5-(C12)-亚芳基-R9,R8N(R2)R9,
R8R8NR9,R8N(R2)C(O)OR9,R8S(O)nN(R2)R9,
R8OC(O)N(R2)R9,R8C(O)N(R2)R9,R8N(R2)C(O)N(R2)R9,
R8N(R2)S(O)nN(R2)R9,R8S(O)nR9,
R8SC(O)N(R2)R9,R8C(O)R9,R8N(R2)C(O)R9,
R8N(R2)S(O)nR9;
R8是H,(C1-C6)烷基,(C3-C8)环烷基,(C3-C8)环烷基-(C1
-C6)-亚烷基,(C5-C12)-芳基,(C5-C12)-芳基-(C1-C6)
-亚烷基,其中烷基可以被氟单取代或多取代;R9是一直键或(C1-C6)-亚烷基;R10是C(O)R11,C(S)R11,S(O)nR11,P(O)(R11)n或四
至八元饱和或不饱和杂环,其含有选自N,O,S的1,2,3或4个
杂原子;R11是OH,(C1-C6)-烷氧基,(C5-C12)-芳基-(C1-C6)-亚烷基氧基,(C5-C12)-芳氧基,(C1-C6)-烷基羰氧基-(C1-
C4)-亚烷基氧基,(C5-C12)-芳基-(C1-C6)-亚烷基羰氧基
-(C1-C6)-亚烷基氧基,NH2,单-或二-(C1-C6-烷基)-氨
基,(C5-C12)-芳基-(C1-C6)-亚烷基氨基,(C1-C6)-二
烷基氨基羰基亚甲氧基;R12,R13,R14,R15各自独立地是H,任选地被氟单取代或多取代的(C1-
C8)烷基,(C3-C8)环烷基,(C3-C8)环烷基-(C1-C6)-亚
烷基,(C5-C12)芳基,(C5-C12)芳基-(C1-C6)-亚烷基,
H2N,(R8O)R8NR9,R8OR9,R8OC(O)R9,R8-(C5-C12)-亚芳
基-R9,R8R8NR9,HO-(C1-C8)-亚烷基-N(R2)R9,R8N(R2)C(O)R9
,R8C(O)N(R2)R9,R8C(O)R9,R2R3N-C(=NR2)-,
R2R3N-C(=NR3)-NR2-,=O,=S;n是1或2;p,q各自分别是0或1。
特别优选的、以其所有的立体异构体形式存在的式I化合物和它们以任何比率的混合物,和它们在生理学上适用的盐是那些,其中:A是一直键,(C1-C6)亚烷基,-NR2-N=CR2-,-NR2-C(O)-
,-C(O)-NR2-,-(C5-C10)-亚芳基-,-CO-,-NR2-
,-CO2-,-N=CR2-,-R2C=N-,-CR2=CR3-,它们各自
分别可以被(C1-C6)-亚烷基单取代或二取代;B是一直键,(C1-C6)-亚烷基,-CR2=CR3-,它们各自分别可以
被(C1-C6)-亚烷基单取代或二取代;D是一直键,(C1-C6)亚烷基,-O-,-NR2-,-NR2-CO-,
-C(O)-NR2-,-NR2-C(O)-NR2-,-NR2-C(S)-NR2-
,-OC(O)-,-C(O)-,-CR2=CR3-,-NR2-S(O)2-,
-N=CR2-,或-R2C=N-,它们各自分别可以被(C1-C6)
-亚烷基单取代或二取代;E是亚苯基或吡啶二基,它们任选地被1-3个相同或不同的选自R2和
R3的基团取代;F是一直键,(C1-C6)亚烷基,-O-,-CO-NR2-,-NR2-CO-,
-NR2-C(O)-NR2-,-OC(O)-,-C(O)O-,
-CO-,-S(O)2-,-S(O)2-NR2-,-NR2-S(O)2-,
-CR2=CR3-,-C≡C-,它们各自分别可以被(C1-C6)-亚烷基
的(C1-C6)烷基,(C3-C6)环烷基,(C3-C6)环烷基-(C1-
C4)-亚烷基,(C5-C10)芳基,(C5-C10)芳基-(C1-C4)-亚
烷基,H2N,R8OR9,R8R8NR9,R8NHC(O)R9,H2N-C(=NH)-,
H2N-C(=NH)-NH-;R4,R5,R6,R7各自独立地是H,氟,OH,((C1-C6)烷基,(C3-C6)
环烷基,(C3-C6)环烷基-(C1-C6)-亚烷基,或R8OR9,R8CO2R9,
R8OC(O)R9,R8-(C5-C10)-亚芳基-R9,R8NHR9,R8R8NR9,
R8NHC(O)OR9,R8S(O)nNHR9,R8OC(O)NHR9,R8C(O)NHR9,
R8C(O)R9,R8NHC(O)NHR9,R8NHS(O)nNHR9,R8NHC(O)R9,
R8NHS(O)nR9;R8是H,(C1-C6)烷基,(C3-C6)环烷基,(C3-C6)环烷基-(C1
-C4)-亚烷基(C5-C10)-芳基,(C5-C10)-芳基-(C1-C4)
-亚烷基,其中烷基可以被1-6个氟原子取代;R9是一直键或(C1-C6)-亚烷基;R10是C(O)R11;R11是OH,(C1-C6)-烷氧基,(C5-C10)-芳基-(C1-C6)-亚
烷基氧基,(C5-C10)-芳氧基,(C1-C6)-烷基羰氧基-(C1-
C4)-亚烷基氧基,(C5-C10)-芳基-(C1-C4)-亚烷基羰氧基
-(C1-C4)-亚烷基氧基,NH2,单-或二-(C1-C6-烷基)-氨
基;R12是H,任选地被氟单取代或多取代的(C1-C6)烷基,(C3-C6)环
烷基,(C3-C6)环烷基-(C1-C4)-亚烷基,(C5-C10)芳基,
(C5-C10)芳基-(C1-C4)-亚烷基,H2N,R8OR9,R8OC(O)R9,
R8-(C5-C10)-亚芳基-R9,R8R8NR9,R8NHC(O)R9,
R8C(O)NHR9,H2N-C(=NH)-,H2N-C(=NH)-NH-,=O;n是1或2;p,q各自分别是0或1。
更加特别优选的、以其所有的立体异构体形式存在的式I化合物和它们以任何比率的混合物及其它们在生理学上适用的盐是那些,其中:A是一直键,(C1-C6)亚烷基,-NR2-N=CR2-或-N=CR2-;B是一直键或(C1-C6)-亚烷基;D是一直键,(C1-C4)亚烷基或-O-,-NR2-,-NR2-CO-,
-C(O)-NR2-,-NR2-C(O)-NR2-,-N=CR2-或
-R2C=N-,它们各自独立地可以被(C1-C6)-亚烷基单取代或二取代;E是亚苯基或吡啶二基,它任选地被1或2个选自R2和R3的基团取代;F是一直键,(C1-C6)亚烷基;或-O-,-CO-NR2-,
-NR2-CO-,-NR2-C(O)-NR2-,-CR2=CR3-或-C≡C-,它们各
C6)环烷基,(C5-C6)环烷基-(C1-C2)-亚烷基,苯基,苄基,
H2N,R8OR9,R8NHR9,R8R8NR9,R8NHC(O)R9,H2N-C(=NH)-,
H2N-C(=NH)-NH-;R4,R5,R6,R7各自独立地是H,氟,OH,(C1-C6)烷基,(C5-C6)
环烷基,(C5-C6)环烷基-(C1-C6)-亚烷基,或R8OR9,
R8-(C5-C10)-亚芳基-R9,R8R8NR9,R8NHC(O)OR9,R8S(O)nNHR9,
R8OC(O)NHR9,R8C(O)NHR9;R8是H,(C1-C6)烷基,(C5-C6)环烷基,(C5-C6)环烷基-(C1
-C2)-亚烷基,(C5-C6)-芳基,(C5-C6)-芳基-(C1-C2)
-亚烷基;R9是一直键或(C1-C6)-亚烷基;R10是C(O)R11;R11是OH,(C1-C6)-烷氧基,苯氧基,苄氧基,(C1-C4)-烷基羰
氧基-(C1-C4)-亚烷基氧基,NH2,单-或二-(C1-C6-烷基)
-氨基;n是1或2;p,q各自分别是0或1。
式I化合物通常可以,例如在会聚合成过程中,通过连接两个或更多个由式I逆合成衍生得到的片断进行制备。在式I化合物的制备过程中,一般需要利用适于合成并且是本领域技术人员已知的保护基策略,在各合成步骤临时保护可能导致不希望的反应或副反应的功能基。片断偶合方法并不限于下列实施例,它一般用它来合成式I化合物。
例如,下面的式I化合物,
R1-Y-A-B-D-E-C(O)NR2-G I其中F代表-C(O)NR2-,可通过式II化合物与HNR2-G缩合来制备,
R1-Y-A-B-D-E-M II其中M是羟基羰基,(C1-C6)-烷氧基羰基,活化的羧酸衍生物如酰氯,活性酯或混合酸酐。
为了缩合两个片断以形成酰胺键,优选使用本身已知的肽化学偶合方法(例如,参见Houben-Weyl,有机化学方法,第15/1和15/2卷,GeorgThieme出版社,斯图加特,1974)。为此,作为规则,有必要在缩合过程中用可除去的保护基保护不反应的氨基。同样适用于不参与反应的羧基,羧基优选使用(C1-C6)-烷基,苄基或叔丁基酯保护。如果产生的氨基还以硝基或氰基形式存在、并且仅在偶合后经过氢化反应形成,那么不需要氨基的保护。偶合后用适当的方法除去保护基。例如,硝基(胍基保护基),苄氧羰基和苄基酯可通过氢化除去。叔丁基类的保护基在酸性条件下除去,同时9-芴基甲氧羰基通过仲胺除去。
例如,其中R1如上定义,Y是-NR2-和A是-C(O)-的式I化合物一般用肽化学中已知的偶合方法通过偶合R1-NR2H和HO2C-B-D-E-F-G来制备。
例如,其中R1-Y-A-是或环状脒基腙的式I化合物,可以根据文献中常用的方法,例如,用类似N.Desideri等人,药物构造(Arch.Pharm.)325(1992)773-777;A.Alves等人,欧洲药物化学杂志(Euer.J.Med.Chem.Chim.Ther.)21(1986)297-304;D.Heber等人,药物学(Pharmazie)50(1995)663-667;T.P.Wunz等人,药物化学杂志(J.Med.Chem.)30(1987)1313-1321;K.-H.Buchheit等人,药物化学杂志(J.Med.Chem.)38(1995)2331-2338所述方法,或实施例1(在冰醋酸中与盐酸催化剂缩合)所述方法,将或与式O=C(R2)-类型的酮或醛、或者与相应的缩醛和缩酮的缩合来制备。
上述脒基腙可任选以E/Z异构体混合物形式得到,它可用常规色谱方法将其分离。
例如,根据文献中常用方法(例如,参见J.March,高等有机化学,第三版,John Wiley & Sons,1985,796往后各页),其中D是-N=C(R2)的式I化合物通过缩合式O=C(R2)-E-F-G的醛或酮和式R1-Y-A-B-NH2的胺得到。类似地,通过缩合式R1-Y-A-B-C(R2)=O的醛或酮和式H2N-E-F-G的胺得到其中D是-R2C=N-的式I化合物。
其中F是-N=C(R2)-或-R2C=N-的式I化合物按照上述制备其中D是-N=C(R2)或-R2C=N-的式I化合物的方法制备。
根据文献中已知方法(参见Houben-Weyl,有机化学方法,第E12/2卷,Georg Thieme出版社,斯图加特,1985,1058页及后续),其中R10=SO2R11的式I化合物通过将其中R10=SH的式I化合物氧化为其中R10=SO3H的式I化合物,然后将其直接制备为其中R10=SO2R11(R11≠OH)的式I化合物,或者通过相应的磺酰卤的酯化或酰氨键连接来制备。如果需要,在进行氧化之前用适当的保护基保护分子中氧化敏感基团,如氨基,脒基或胍基。
例如,其中R10=S(O)R11的式I化合物通过将其中R10=SH的式I化合物转化为相应的硫化物(R10=SΘ),然后用间-氯过苯甲酸氧化为亚磺酸(R10=SO2H)(参见Houben-Weyl,有机化学方法),第E11/1卷,Georg Thieme出版社,斯图加特,1985,618及后续页),用文献中的已知方法,将其制备为相应的亚磺酸酯或-酰胺R10=SO2R11(R11≠OH)。通常,文献中其它方法也可以用于制备其中R10=S(O)nR11(n=1,2)的式I化合物(参见Houben-Weyl,有机化学方法,第E11/1卷,Georg Thieme出版社,斯图加特,1985,618及后续页或第E11/2卷,斯图加特1985,1055及后续页)。
用文献中的已知方法(参见Houben-Weyl,有机化学方法,第E1和E2卷,Georg Thieme出版社,斯图加特,1982),从适当的前体合成其中R10=P(O)(R11)n(n=1,2)的式I化合物,所选择的合成方法是适用于目的分子的。
用文献中的已知方法(参见Houben-Weyl,有机化学方法,第E5/1和E5/2卷,Georg Thieme出版社,斯图加特,1985)可制备其中R10=C(S)R11的式I化合物。
当然,其中R10=S(O)nR11(n=1,2),P(O)(R11)n(n=1,2)或C(S)R11的式I化合物也可通过例如上述适当的片断偶合制备,例如,当(商品)氨基磺酸,氨基亚磺酸,氨基磷酸或氨基亚磷酸或从其衍生的衍生物如酯或酰胺含在式I的F-G片断中时,可推荐采用这种办法。
其中R-1-Y-A-是或下式环状酰基胍的式I化合物可通过式III化合物
优选地,用本身已知的方法,以羧酸(Q=OH)或酰氯(Q=Cl)出发制得上述式III的活性酸衍生物,其中Q是烷氧基,优选甲氧基,苯氧基,苯硫基,甲硫基,2-吡啶硫代基,氮杂环,优选1-咪唑基。所述酰氯用本身已知的方法以羧酸(Q=OH)为基础,例如通过与亚硫酰氯反应得到。
除了酰氯(Q=Cl)外,其它式Q(O)C-的活化酸衍生物也可用本身已知的方法直接从羧酸(Q=OH)制备,例如,用气体HCl的甲醇处理得到甲酯(Q=OCH3),用羰基二咪唑处理得到咪唑烷(Q=1-咪唑基)(参见,Staab,Angew.Chem.Int.Ed.Engl.1,351-367(1962)),在三乙胺存在下和惰性溶剂中用Cl-COOC2H5和/或甲苯磺酰氯处理,得到混合酸酐(Q=C2H5OC(O)O或TosO)。羧酸也可用二环己基碳化二亚胺(DCCl)或O-[(氰基(乙氧羰基)亚甲基)氨基]-1,1,3,3-四甲基脲鎓四氟硼酸盐(“TOTU”)[Weiss和Krommer,化学家报,98,817(1974)]和其它肽化学中的常规活化试剂进行活化。许多制备式II活化羧酸衍生物的方法在原始文献J.March,高等有机化学,第三版,(John Wiley & Sons,1985),350页中描述。
式III的活化羧酸衍生物与不同的胍(衍生物)的反应是用本身已知方法、在质子或对质子惰性的极性有机溶剂中进行的。对此,已经证明,甲醇,异丙醇或THF,从20℃至溶剂的沸点温度适于甲酯(Q=OCH3)与不同胍的反应。式III化合物与无盐胍的大多数反应优选在对质子惰性溶剂如THF,二甲氧基乙烷,二噁烷中进行。但是,如果使用碱(例如NaOH),也可能使用水作式III化合物与胍反应的溶剂。如果Q=Cl,优选在添加缚酸剂例如过量胍(衍生物)进行上述反应,以结合氢卤酸。
可类似地得到其中R1-Y-A-是R2-C(=NR2)-C(O)-和含有下式单环或多环系统的式I化合物。
Q-S(O)n-B-D-E-F-G IV其中Q是例如Cl和NH2,制备其中R1-Y-A-是式R2R3N-C(=NR2)-NR2-S(O)n-(n=1,2)类型的磺酰基-或次硫酸基(sulfoxyl)胍或式R2R3N-C(=NR2)-NR2-NR2-S(O)n-(n=1,2)或下式(n=1,2)或所示类型的磺酰基-或次硫酸基胍的式I化合物。反应类似于S.Birtwell等人,化学协会杂志(J.Chem.Soc.)(1946)491或Houben-Weyl,有机化学方法,第E4卷,Georg Thieme出版社,斯图加特,1983,620及后续页所述。
可以类似地得到其中R1-Y-A-是R2-C(=NR2)-NR2-S(O)n-(n=1,2)或R2-C(=CR2)-NR2-NR2-S(O)n-(n=1,2)或含有下式单环-或多环系统或
其中n=1,2的式I化合物。
例如,通过式V化合物
Q-B-D-E-F-G V其中Q是HNR2-,HO-或HS-,与适当的碳酸衍生物,优选光气,二光气(氯甲酸三氯甲酯),三光气(碳酸双三氯甲酯),氯甲酸乙酯,氯甲酸异丁酯,二(1-羟基-1-H-苯并三唑基)碳酸酯或N,N′-羰基二咪唑,在对所用试剂呈惰性的溶剂中、优选DMF,THF或甲苯中,在-20℃至溶剂沸点,优选0℃至60℃的温度下反应,首先得到式VI取代的碳酸衍生物,其中R是-NR2-,-O-或-S-,及依据所用碳酸衍生物,Q′是氯,乙氧基,异丁氧基,苯并三唑-1-氧基或1-咪唑基,然后制成其中Y如上定义,A是-NR2C(O)-NR2,-NR2-C(O)O-,-NR2-C(O)S-,R1为R2R3N-C(=NR2)-,R2-C(=NR2)-或4-10员单或多环的,如上所述并且可以被取代的芳香族的或非芳香族的环系的式I化合物。
如果其中Y是直接键,这些衍生物与R2R3N-C(=NR2)-NR2H或R2-C(=NR2)-NR2H的反应,或者,如果Y是-NR2-,这些衍生物与R2R3N-C(=NR2)-NR2H或R2-C(=CR2)-NR2-NR2H或与含有下式单环或多环系统或
(Y=直接的键)或
(Y=NR2)的反应按上述制备酰基胍(衍生物)的方法进行。
例如,用文献已知方法,可通过式VII化合物
R1-Y-A-B-D-E-NHR2 VII与异氰酸酯OCN-G或异硫氰酸酯SCN-G反应,制备其中F是-NR2-C(O)-NR2-或-NR2-C(S)-NR2-的式I化合物。
例如,用文献已知方法,可通过下式化合物
R1-Y-A-B-D-E-C(O)Q 或 R1-Y-A-B-D-E-SO2Q其中Q是容易亲核取代的离去基团,如OH,cl,O CH3等,与HR2N-G或HO-G反应,制备其中F是-C(O)NR2-、-SO2NR2-或-C(O)O-的式I化合物。
例如,用文献已知方法(参见A.F.Mckay等人,药物化学杂志6(1963)587,M.N.Buchman等人,美国化学会志71(1949)766,F.Jung等人,药物化学杂志34(1991)1110或G.Sorba等人,欧洲药物化学杂志1(1986),391),通过式VIII化合物HR2N-B-D-E-F-G VIII与下式的单环或多环反应,其中X是可亲核取代的离去基团,如卤素或SH,SCH3,SOCH3,SO2CH3或HN-NO2,可制备其中Y为一个键和R1-A-含有下式单环或多环的式I化合物。
例如,用文献已知方法(参见,例如,T.Hiroki等人,合成(1984)703或M.Purkayastha等人,印度化学会志,B30(1991)646),通过式VIII化合物与下式化合物反应,其中X是离去基团,例如-SCH3,可制备其中Y为一个键和R1-A-含有下式单环或多环的式I化合物。
例如,用A.Arcadi等人,四面体通讯1993,34,2813或E.C.Taylor等人,有机化学杂志,1990,55,3222所述方法,通过其中X是I或Br的式IX化合物
X-E-F-G IX与式R1-Y-A-B-C≡CH在钯催化下反应,可制备其中D是-C≡C-的式I化合物。
类似地,例如,用文献如J.March,高等有机化学,第三版,(John Wiley& Sons,1985)中已知的制备方法,在钯催化的反应中通过连接其中X是I或Br的式X化合物
R1-Y-A-B-D-E-X X和式HC≡C-G化合物,制备其中F等于-C≡C-的式I化合物。
式I化合物及其生理上可接受的盐可单独地、以混合物形式或以一种其它形式的药物制剂形式向动物,优选哺乳动物,特别是人给药。这些药物可以肠内或胃肠外给药,其中活性成分至少含有一种有效剂量的式I化合物或其盐,以及药物上无害的常规赋形剂和添加剂。这些制剂通常含有约0.5-90%(重量)的有治疗作用的活性化合物。
这些药剂可以口服给药,例如,以丸剂,片剂,漆皮片剂,糖衣片剂,粒剂,硬和软明胶囊剂,溶液,糖浆,乳液,悬浮液或气雾剂混合物形成给药。当然,也可以直肠给药,例如以栓剂形式,或者胃肠外给药,例如以注射液或灌注液,微胶囊或棒形式,或者经皮肤给药,例如以油膏或酊剂形式,或者经鼻腔给药,例如以喷鼻剂形式给药。
这些药物制剂可用本身已知的方法,使用药物惰性的无机或药剂赋形剂制成。对于制备丸剂,片剂,糖衣片剂和硬明胶囊剂,例如,可以使用乳糖,玉米淀粉或其衍生物,滑石,硬脂酸或其盐等。制备软明胶囊剂和栓剂的赋形剂有,例如,脂肪,蜡,半固体和液体多醇,天然或硬化油等。适用于溶液和糖浆制剂的赋形剂有,例如,水,蔗糖,转化糖,葡萄糖,多醇等。适用于注射液的赋形剂有水,醇,甘油,多醇,植物油等。适用于微胶囊,植入物或棒的赋形剂有乙醇酸和乳酸的共聚物。
除了活性化合物和赋形剂之外,药物制剂还可以含有添加剂,例如填充剂,增充剂,崩解剂,粘结剂,润滑剂,润湿剂,稳定剂,乳化剂,防腐剂,甜味剂,调色剂,调味剂或芳化剂,增稠剂,稀释剂,缓冲剂,以及溶剂或溶解剂,或能达到储存效果的添加剂,和改变渗透压的盐,涂层剂或抗氧化剂。它们也可以含有两种或多种式I化合物或它们的生理上可接受的盐;而且,除了至少含有一种式I化合物外,还可以有一或多种其它有治疗作用的活性物质。
剂量可以在很宽的范围内变化,并且要适应于各人的各种病情。如果口服给药,日剂量通常从0.01-50mg/kg(体重),优选0.1-5mg/kg,特别是0.3-0.5mg/kg,可以得到有效的效果;如果静脉内给药,日剂量通常约为0.01-100mg/kg(体重),优选0.05-10mg/kg。特别是在较大剂量的情况下,日剂量可以分成多次,例如,分2,3或4次给药。根据各人的情况,如果需要,可以高于或低于上述日剂量。
本发明化合物对骨吸收的抑制,例如,可用破骨细胞吸收试验(“PIT评价”)测定,例如,类似于WO95/32710中的方法测定。本发明化合物对玻连蛋白受体αvβ3的抑制作用,例如,可用下述试验测定。试验方法1:人体玻连蛋白(Vn)与人体玻连蛋白受体(VnR)αvβ3结合的抑制(ELISA试验)1.人体玻连蛋白的纯化
从人血浆中分离出人体玻连蛋白,并根据Yatohyo等人,细胞结构和功能,1988,23,281-292中的方法,通过亲合色谱法纯化。2.人体玻连蛋白受体(αvβ3)的纯化
根据Pytela等人,酶解方法,1987,144,475中的方法,从人体胎盘中得到人体玻连蛋白受体。人体玻连蛋白受体αvβ3也可以从某些细胞系(例如从293细胞,一种人体胚胎肾细胞系)得到,这些细胞系与玻连蛋白受体的αv和β3两种亚单位的DNA序列共转染。这些亚单位用辛苷萃取,然后在伴刀豆球蛋白A,肝素-琼脂糖和S-300上色谱分离。3.单克隆抗体
根据Newman等人,血液,1985,227-232,的方法或类似方法,制备针对玻连蛋白受体β3亚单位的鼠单克隆抗体。兔Fab2抗-鼠Fc共轭辣根过氧化物酶(抗-鼠Fc HRP)从Pel Freeze(分类号715305-1)订购。4.ELISA试验
4℃条件下,在Nunc Maxisorp 96孔微滴定板中加入人体玻连蛋白(0.002mg/ml,0.05ml/孔)的PBS(磷酸盐缓冲的盐水溶液)溶液并过夜。滴定板用PBS/0.05%Tween 20洗涤两次,然后用乳牛血清蛋白(BSA,0.5%,RIA级或更好的质量)在pH为7的Tris HCl(1mM),NaCl(100mM),MgCl2(1mM),CaCl2(1mM),MnCl2(1mM)中培养进行封闭。将已知抑制剂和试验物质的溶液制备成浓度为2×10-12-2×10-6mol/L的测定缓冲液[BSA(0.5%,RIA级或更好的质量)于Tris HCl(50mM),NaCl(100mM),MgCl2(1mM),CaCl2(1mM),MnCl2(1mM)中]。将上述培养板排空,在每个孔中加入含有上述浓度(2×10-12-2×10-6)已知抑制剂或试验物质的上述缓冲液0.025ml。再在该板的每个孔中加入0.025ml含有玻连蛋白受体的试验缓冲液(0.3mg/ml),并将该板在振荡器上和室温下培养60-180分钟。之后,在测定缓冲液中制备针对玻连蛋白受体β3亚单位的鼠单克隆抗体溶液(0.0015mg/ml,6ml/板)。将抗-鼠Fc HRP抗体共轭物的第2批兔抗体(0.001ml贮存溶液/6ml鼠单克隆-β3-抗体溶液)加到上述溶液中,并将鼠抗-β3-抗体与兔抗-鼠Fc HRP抗体共轭物的混合物培养一个受体-抑制剂培养时间。
将试验板用含有0.05%Tween 20的PBS溶液洗涤4次,并以0.05ml/孔的量将各种抗体混合物滴定到板的每个孔中,然后培养60-180分钟。用PBS/0.05%Tween 20洗涤该板4次,然后再以0.05ml/孔的量在各孔中加入含有0.67mg/ml邻-苯二胺和0.012%H2O的PBS溶液。或者,将邻-苯二胺加到含有Na3PO4(50mM)和柠檬酸(0.22mM)的缓冲液(pH5)中使用。用1NH2SO4(0.05ml/孔)终止颜色变化。在492-405nm处测量每个孔的吸收情况,并根据标准方法对数据进行分析。试验方法2:腹蛇毒素与人体玻连蛋白受体(VnR)αvβ3结合的抑制(ELISA试验)1.人体玻连蛋白的纯化
根据Dennis等人在美国自然科学协会议文集(Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA),1989,87,2471-2475,和PROTEIN:结构、功能和基因学,1993,15,312-321中所述的方法纯化腹蛇毒素。2.人体玻连蛋白受体(αvβ3)的纯化
见试验方法1。3.单克隆抗体
见试验方法1。4.ELISA试验
试验物质对腹蛇毒素与玻连蛋白受体结合的抑制能力可以用ELISA试验测定。为此,根据Dennis等人PROTEIN:结构、功能和基因学,1993,15,312-321中所述方法,在Nunc 96孔微滴定板中加入腹蛇毒素溶液(0.002mg/ml)。以下的ELISA试验过程按照试验方法1第4项所述进行。试验方法3:αvβ3转染的293细胞与人体玻连蛋白结合的抑制细胞试验
为了得到高表达率(>500,000αvβ3受体/细胞),用FACS方法选择与玻连蛋白受体的αv和β3亚单位的DNA序列共转染的293细胞,即人胚胎肾细胞系。所选细胞再用FACS方法培养和分类,得到每个细胞具有大于1,000,000个αvβ3拷贝的表达率的稳定细胞系。
4℃环境下、在平底Linbro 96孔组织培养板中加入人体玻连蛋白(0.01mg/ml,0.05ml/孔)的磷酸盐缓冲的盐水溶液(PBS)并过夜,然后用0.5%浓度BSA封闭。在含有葡萄糖的DMEM培养基中制备浓度为10-2-2×10-3mol/L的试验物质溶液,并在滴定板的每个孔中加入0.05ml上述溶液。将表达出高水平αvβ3(例如,15D)的细胞悬浮在含葡萄糖DMEM培养基中,并将悬浮液浓度调节到每0.05ml培养基含有25,000个细胞。将0.05ml这种细胞悬浮液加到每个孔中,并将该板在37℃培养90分钟。用温PBS洗涤板3次以除去未结合的细胞。将结合的细胞溶解于含有0.25%TritonX-100的柠檬酸盐缓冲液(25mmol,pH5.0)中。然后加入己糖酰胺酶底物的对-硝基苯基-N-乙酰基-b-D-氨基葡糖苷,再将该板在37℃培养90分钟。用甘氨酸(50mmol)/EDTA(5mmol)缓冲液(pH10.4)终止反应,在405-650nm处测量每个孔的吸收情况。根据标准方法对数据进行分析。
得到以下试验结果:
腹蛇毒素/VnR,IC50(mM)实施例1化合物 0.3
实施例
产物用质谱和/或NMR谱鉴定。
实施例14-[2-(N-(咪唑啉-2-基)腙乙氧基)]苯甲酰基-(2S)-2-苄氧羰基氨基-β-苯胺氢溴酸盐
根据下列反应过程合成标题化合物:1a)(2S)-3-氨基-2-苄氧羰基氨基丙酸叔丁酯(1.1)
将10g(42mmol)(2S)-3-氨基-2-苄氧羰基丙酸在装有由100ml二噁烷,100ml异丁烯和8ml浓H2SO4组成的混合物及20个大气压N2的高压釜中振荡3天。吹出过量异丁烯,在剩下的溶液中加入150ml乙醚和150ml饱和NaHCO3溶液。分离两相,水相每次用100ml乙醚萃取两次。合并的有机相用2×100ml H2O洗涤,Na2SO4干燥。真空除去溶剂后,得到化合物(1.1)为浅黄色油。1b)4-羟基苯甲酰基-(2S)-2-苄氧羰基氨基-β-苯胺叔丁基酯(1.2)
将1.41g(10.2mmol)4-羟基苯甲酸和3g(10.2mmol)的化合物(1.1)悬浮于25ml DMF中。在0℃加入1.38g(10.2mmol)1-羟基-苯并三唑(HOBt)和二环己基碳化二亚胺(DCCI)。将混合物在0℃搅拌1小时,然后在室温放置过夜。过滤后真空除去溶剂,剩余物在硅胶上通过MPLC进行色谱分离,用庚烷/乙酸乙酯(1/1)洗脱,得到化合物(1.2)为无色固体;熔点69℃。1c)4-(2,2-二甲氧基乙氧基)-苯甲酰基-(2S)-2-苄氧羰基氨基-β-苯胺叔丁基酯(1.3)
将1.8g(4.34mmol)化合物(1.2)加到悬浮于油的176mg 55%浓度氢化钠(4.07mmol的氢化钠)的10ml无水DMF悬浮液中,然后搅拌混合物直到氢气完全放出(约30分钟)。加入620mg(3.7mmol)溴缩醛二甲醇,并将混合物在50℃加热8小时,在70℃加热2小时。再加入18mg悬浮于油的氢化钠(0.41mmol的氢化钠)之后,将混合物在70℃加热4小时。放置过夜后,反应混合物在旋转蒸发器中浓缩,剩余物在H2O和CH2Cl2之间分配。分离出有机相,并用MgSO4干燥。真空除去溶剂,剩余物在硅胶上通过MPLC进行色谱分离,用庚烷/乙酸乙酯洗脱,得到化合物(1.3),为无色固体;熔点115℃。1d)4-[2-(N-(咪唑啉-2-基)腙乙氧基)]-苯甲酰基-(2S)-2-苄氧羰基氨基-β-苯胺叔丁基酯氢溴酸盐(1.4)
将150mg(0.3mmol)化合物(1.3)和54mg(0.3mmol)2-腙-2-咪唑啉氢溴酸盐溶解于3ml浓乙酸,并滴加一滴浓盐酸。在室温5小时后将反应混合物倒入乙醚,离心出沉淀,用乙醚研制,再离心沉淀。真空干燥后,直接反应得到化合物(1.5)(见1e))。1e)4-[2-(N-(咪唑啉-2-基)腙乙氧基)]-苯甲酰基-(2S)-2-苄氧羰基氨基-β-苯胺氢溴酸盐(1.5)
将1d)得到的粗产物(1.4)用90%浓度三氟乙酸处理。1小时后真空除去三氟乙酸,剩余物从H2O/正丁醇/HOAc(43/4.3/3.5)结晶,得到化合物(1.5)为无色固体;熔点219℃(分解)。
Claims (6)
1.式I化合物及其它们在生理学上适用的盐:
R1-Y-A-B-D-E-F-G I,其中:A是-NR2-N=CR2-;B是(C1-C8)-亚烷基;D是-O-,-CO-NR2-;E是一个6-元芳环系统;F如D所定义;G是Y是一直键;R1是4-10元单或多环芳族或非芳族环系统,它们可以任选地含有1-4个N原子;R2是H,R8OR9;R4,R5,R6,R7各自分别是H,R8N(R2)R9,R8OC(O)N(R2)R9;R8是H,(C5-C14)-芳基-(C1-C8)-亚烷基;R9是一直键;R10是C(O)R11;R11是OH;p,q各自分别是0或1。
4.一种含有根据权利要求1-3中的一个或多个的式I化合物和/或其生理学上适用的盐以及药理学上无害的赋形剂和添加剂的药物制剂。
5.根据权利要求1-3中的一个或多个的式I化合物和/或其生理学上适用的盐的用途,用作制备药物。
6.根据权利要求5的用途,所说药物为通过破骨细胞的骨吸收抑制剂,为肿瘤生长和肿瘤转移的抑制剂,为消炎药,用于治疗和预防心血管疾病,用于治疗和预防肾病和视网膜病,或作为玻连蛋白受体拮抗剂,以用于治疗和预防由于玻连蛋白受体和它们的配体之间在细胞-细胞或细胞-基质相互作用过程中的相互作用引起的疾病。
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DE19629817.2 | 1996-07-24 | ||
DE19629817A DE19629817A1 (de) | 1996-07-24 | 1996-07-24 | Neue Imino-Derivate als Inhibitoren der Knochenresorption und Vitronectinrezeptor-Antagonisten |
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US (1) | US6005117A (zh) |
EP (1) | EP0820988B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP4334029B2 (zh) |
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AU (1) | AU726377B2 (zh) |
BR (1) | BR9704071A (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2211148A1 (zh) |
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DE (2) | DE19629817A1 (zh) |
HR (1) | HRP970405B1 (zh) |
HU (1) | HUP9701265A3 (zh) |
ID (1) | ID17828A (zh) |
IL (1) | IL121358A (zh) |
NO (1) | NO311719B1 (zh) |
NZ (1) | NZ328387A (zh) |
PL (1) | PL321253A1 (zh) |
RU (1) | RU2197476C2 (zh) |
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DE60009883T2 (de) | 1999-03-01 | 2005-04-07 | Elan Pharmaceuticals, Inc., San Francisco | Alpha-aminoessigsäure derivate als alpha 4 beta 7- rezeptor antagonisten |
AU760163B2 (en) | 1999-04-06 | 2003-05-08 | Sankyo Company Limited | Alpha-substituted carboxylic acid derivatives |
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FR2808798A1 (fr) * | 2000-05-09 | 2001-11-16 | Hoechst Marion Roussel Inc | Nouveaux derives antagonistes du recepteur de la vitronectine |
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- 1997-07-22 AU AU29419/97A patent/AU726377B2/en not_active Ceased
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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RU2197476C2 (ru) | 2003-01-27 |
HRP970405B1 (en) | 2002-12-31 |
HRP970405A2 (en) | 1998-04-30 |
HU9701265D0 (en) | 1997-09-29 |
EP0820988A2 (de) | 1998-01-28 |
IL121358A0 (en) | 1998-01-04 |
JP4334029B2 (ja) | 2009-09-16 |
ID17828A (id) | 1998-01-29 |
IL121358A (en) | 2001-06-14 |
NZ328387A (en) | 1999-01-28 |
US6005117A (en) | 1999-12-21 |
CA2211148A1 (en) | 1998-01-24 |
HUP9701265A2 (hu) | 1998-05-28 |
AR007960A1 (es) | 1999-11-24 |
KR980008227A (ko) | 1998-04-30 |
ATE435212T1 (de) | 2009-07-15 |
NO973400L (no) | 1998-01-26 |
HUP9701265A3 (en) | 2000-05-29 |
SK100797A3 (en) | 1998-07-08 |
PL321253A1 (en) | 1998-02-02 |
BR9704071A (pt) | 1998-12-29 |
CN1174836A (zh) | 1998-03-04 |
ZA976533B (en) | 1998-04-06 |
NO973400D0 (no) | 1997-07-23 |
AU726377B2 (en) | 2000-11-02 |
AU2941997A (en) | 1998-02-05 |
EP0820988B1 (de) | 2009-07-01 |
EP0820988A3 (de) | 2000-05-17 |
TW467901B (en) | 2001-12-11 |
JPH10114751A (ja) | 1998-05-06 |
DE19629817A1 (de) | 1998-01-29 |
CZ234497A3 (cs) | 1998-03-18 |
NO311719B1 (no) | 2002-01-14 |
DE59713013D1 (de) | 2009-08-13 |
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