CN110438800A - 一种具有抗静电和抗菌功能的涤纶织物及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种具有抗静电和抗菌功能的涤纶织物及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
发明公开了一种具有抗静电和抗菌功能的涤纶织物及其制备方法,包括开始:配制混合溶液;涤纶织物改性:将涤纶织物放入混合溶液中进行处理;洗净甩干:洗净后进行甩干;涂覆:将涤纶织物放入氧化石墨烯溶液中处理;洗净甩干:再次洗净后进行甩干;施加纳米银:先用硝酸银溶液处理,然后还原处理;后处理:洗净、干燥、焙烘织物;结束;首先通过对涤纶织物在强碱中水解,产生羟基活性基,通过一系列化学处理,在涤纶织物上覆有石墨烯/纳米银复合物,银纳米颗粒附着在石墨烯薄片上,并取代改性聚酯织物表面上的羟基氢,物理相互作用和化学键作用一部分银纳米颗粒会吸附在聚酯织物表面。
Description
技术领域
发明涉及涤纶织物领域,具体为一种具有抗静电和抗菌功能的涤纶织物及其制备方法。
背景技术
功能织物是指具有一个或多个特殊功能的新型织物,如导电织物、阻燃织物、抗菌织物等。功能织物具有高技术含量、高附加值、高市场需求的特点。以导电织物为例,由于具有防静电、吸收电磁波等特性,是防静电防爆服、无尘无菌服、高档服装及家纺等高附加值产品的必需原料,应用于航空航天、国防军工、石化、采矿、微电子、生物医药、精密加工、纺织服装等众多领域,市场前景广阔。
作为碳材料家族最新发展的一类纳米材料,石墨烯具有更优异的导电性和极高的径厚比和比表面积。据报道,石墨烯在各种高分子中的逾渗阈值低至0.1~3.8vol﹪,在极低的添加量下即可获得显著的导电性提升,在抗静电纺织物中已有应用。公开号为CN103710790A的中国发明专利申请采用石墨烯为功能填料,通过原位聚合和复合纺丝工艺制备得到抗静电、抗菌、石墨烯增强的双组分复合聚酯织物,其中组分A为不含石墨烯的聚酯,组分B为含重量百分比0.3~3.0﹪的石墨烯聚酯。公开号为CN103215689A的中国发明专利申请公开了一种石墨烯改性尼龙6织物的制备方法,将石墨烯进行羧基化、酰氯化和氨基化处理后,通过原位聚合反应制得石墨烯改性的尼龙6熔体,再经熔融纺丝工艺得到石墨烯增强尼龙6织物。
在抗静电和抗菌功能的涤纶织物生产与加工的过程中不能进行流程的控制,且不能进行精准的控制从而导致加工的抗静电和抗菌功能的涤纶织物加工的效果不佳,质量不佳。
发明内容
发明的目的在于提供一种具有抗静电和抗菌功能的涤纶织物及其制备方法,以解决上述背景技术中在加工的过程中抗静电和抗菌功能的涤纶织物生产与加工的过程中不能进行流程的控制,且不能进行精准的控制从而导致加工的抗静电和抗菌功能的涤纶织物加工的效果不佳,质量不佳。。
为实现上述目的,发明提供如下技术方案:一种具有抗静电和抗菌功能的涤纶织物及其制备方法,包括该功能织物上覆有石墨烯/纳米银复合物;其具体方法包括:
开始:配制混合溶液;
涤纶织物改性:将涤纶织物放入混合溶液中进行处理;
洗净甩干:洗净后进行甩干;
涂覆:将涤纶织物放入氧化石墨烯溶液中处理;
洗净甩干:再次洗净后进行甩干;
施加纳米银:先用硝酸银溶液处理,然后还原处理;
后处理:洗净、干燥、焙烘织物;
结束。
优选的,所述具体实施方法:
(1)、涤纶织物的改性:按如下重量百分比配制混合溶液:
氢氧化钠 4.5~5.5%
十六烷基三甲基溴化铵 0.4~0.6%
去离子水 93.9~95.1%
按浴比1:50量取混合溶液,将涤纶织物加入混合溶液中,在75~85℃下搅拌25~35min,然后取出涤纶织物,用去离子水洗净,甩干
(2)、氧化石墨烯涂覆涤纶织物:按浴比1:50量取质量百分比浓度为5~10%的氧化石墨烯溶液,加入改性的涤纶织物(1),搅拌,在65~75℃下处理55~65min,然后取出涤纶织物,用去离子水洗涤,甩干。
(3)、石墨烯/纳米银功能涤纶织物的制备:按浴比1:50量取质量百分比浓度为0.1~0.5%硝酸银溶液,放入氧化石墨烯改性的涤纶织物(2),搅拌,在85~95℃下处理55~65min。随后在30~90min内向溶液中均匀加入等当量质量百分比浓度为0.5~1%的还原剂溶液,用氨水调节pH值至9~10,继续反应15min。然后取出涤纶织物,用去离子水清洗涤纶织物二次,最后在100~110℃下干燥10~20min,在195~205℃下焙烘4~6min,得到石墨烯/纳米银功能涤纶织物。
优选的,所述氧化石墨烯为少层,在配成氧化石墨烯溶液后,超声30min。
优选的,所述的还原剂为抗坏血酸和硼氢化钠中的至少一种。
发明提供了一种具有抗静电和抗菌功能的涤纶织物及其制备方法,具备以下有益效果:
(1)本发明方法中,首先通过对涤纶织物在强碱中水解,产生羟基活性基,然后通过一系列化学处理,在涤纶织物上覆有石墨烯/纳米银复合物,其中的银纳米颗粒附着在石墨烯薄片上,并取代改性聚酯织物表面上的羟基氢,由于物理相互作用和化学键作用一部分银纳米颗粒会吸附在聚酯织物表面,而石墨烯通过范德华力和氢键在改性的织物表面形成表面涂层,从而制得一种具有抗静电和抗菌的功能涤纶织物。
(2)本发明制得的织物具有较低电阻率,满足服用的抗静电要求,同时又具有较好的抗菌性能,因而这是一种多功能涤纶织物,具有良好的应用前景。
附图说明
图1为发明的操作方法流程示意图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合发明实施例中的附图,对发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述。
如图1所示,发明提供一种技术方案:一种具有抗静电和抗菌功能的涤纶织物及其制备方法,包括该功能织物上覆有石墨烯/纳米银复合物;其具体方法包括:
开始101:配制混合溶液;
涤纶织物改性102:将涤纶织物放入混合溶液中进行处理;
洗净甩干103:洗净后进行甩干;
涂覆104:将涤纶织物放入氧化石墨烯溶液中处理;
洗净甩干105:再次洗净后进行甩干;
施加纳米银106:先用硝酸银溶液处理,然后还原处理;
后处理107:洗净、干燥、焙烘织物;
结束108。
优选的,所述具体实施方法:
(1)、涤纶织物的改性:按如下重量百分比配制混合溶液:
氢氧化钠 4.5~5.5%
十六烷基三甲基溴化铵 0.4~0.6%
去离子水 93.9~95.1%
按浴比1:50量取混合溶液,将涤纶织物加入混合溶液中,在75~85℃下搅拌25~35min,然后取出涤纶织物,用去离子水洗净,甩干
(2)、氧化石墨烯涂覆涤纶织物:按浴比1:50量取质量百分比浓度为5~10%的氧化石墨烯溶液,加入改性的涤纶织物(1),搅拌,在65~75℃下处理55~65min,然后取出涤纶织物,用去离子水洗涤,甩干。
(3)、石墨烯/纳米银功能涤纶织物的制备:按浴比1:50量取质量百分比浓度为0.1~0.5%硝酸银溶液,放入氧化石墨烯改性的涤纶织物(2),搅拌,在85~95℃下处理55~65min。随后在30~90min内向溶液中均匀加入等当量质量百分比浓度为0.5~1%的还原剂溶液,用氨水调节pH值至9~10,继续反应15min。然后取出涤纶织物,用去离子水清洗涤纶织物二次,最后在100~110℃下干燥10~20min,在195~205℃下焙烘4~6min,得到石墨烯/纳米银功能涤纶织物。
优选的,所述氧化石墨烯为少层,在配成氧化石墨烯溶液后,超声30min。
优选的,所述的还原剂为抗坏血酸和硼氢化钠中的至少一种。
石墨烯是碳原子以sp2杂化连接的单原子层构成的新型二维原子晶体,其基本结构单元为有机材料中最稳定的苯六元环,它可以被看做是构成零维的富勒烯,一维的碳纳米管,及三维的石墨和金刚石的基本结构单元。单层石墨烯的厚度仅为0.35nm,是世界上已知的最薄的二维材料,具有丰富而奇特的物理化学特性,如石墨烯的比表面积高、导热性和力学性能突出、电子传递性能非凡,并具有一定的抗菌活性,可应用在电子、信息、能源、物理学、生物医药和材料学等领域,具有广阔的应用前景。目前,已经有很多人对石墨烯材料的抗菌性进行了研究,主要分为两个方面,一方面是石墨烯和氧化石墨烯本身的抗菌活性研究,另一方面是氧化石墨烯负载银的抗菌活性研究,以及氧化石墨烯与其他材料复合后的抗菌性研究。
其次,实施例一
(1)涤纶织物的改性:配制100ml含有5%NaOH和0.5%十六烷基三甲基溴化铵的混合溶液,将2g涤纶织物加入混合液中,80℃下搅拌30min,随后用去离子水洗净,甩干。
(2)氧化石墨烯涂覆涤纶织物:在95ml去离子水中,加入5g氧化石墨烯,超声30min后,配制成石墨烯溶液。投入上述改性的涤纶织物,搅拌,70℃下反应60min,然后去离子水洗涤,甩干。
(3)石墨烯/纳米银功能涤纶织物的制备:将上述氧化石墨烯改性的涤纶织物加入到100ml质量百分比浓度为0.1%的硝酸银溶液中,搅拌,90℃反应60min,随后向反应体系在60min内均匀滴加等当量质量百分比浓度为0.8%的抗坏血酸溶液,用氨水调节pH至9~10,继续反应15min,随后对织物用去离子水彻底清洗,最后在100℃下干燥15min后,200℃下焙烘5min,得到具有抗静电和抗菌功能的涤纶织物。
实施例二
将实施例一中,涤纶织物的改性时,在氢氧化钠和十六烷基三甲基溴化铵溶液中,80℃下搅拌30min,用75℃下搅拌35min代替,其它原料用量和操作步骤与实施例一相同。
实施例三
将实施例一中,5g氧化石墨烯,用10g氧化石墨烯代替,其它原料用量和操作步骤与实施例一相同。
实施例四
将实施例一中,质量百分比浓度为0.1%硝酸银溶液,用质量百分比浓度为0.5%硝酸银溶液代替,其它原料用量和操作步骤与实施例一相同。
对上述各实施例和对比例的涤纶织物,按照GB/T12703 .2-2009《纺织品静电测试方法》测试各涤纶织物表面电荷面密度,测试结果如表1所示。从表1可以看出:实施例1至施例4的电荷面密度都在0.1μC/㎡以下,说明本发明整理方法整理过后的涤纶织物具有良好抗静电性能。
按照中华人民共和国国家标准GB1759-2002《一次性使用卫生用品卫生标准》产品抗菌性能的试验方法,试验菌株为细菌:金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌。测试结果如表1所示。从表1可以看出,实施例1至实施例4对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌的杀菌率在80%以上,说明本发明的整理方法整理后的涤纶织物具有良好的抗菌性能。
本发明方法中,首先通过对涤纶织物在强碱中水解,产生羟基活性基,然后通过一系列化学处理,在涤纶织物上覆有石墨烯/纳米银复合物,其中的银纳米颗粒附着在石墨烯薄片上,并取代改性聚酯织物表面上的羟基氢,由于物理相互作用和化学键作用一部分银纳米颗粒会吸附在聚酯织物表面,而石墨烯通过范德华力和氢键在改性的织物表面形成表面涂层,从而制得一种具有抗静电和抗菌的功能涤纶织物。本发明制得的织物具有较低电阻率,满足服用的抗静电要求,同时又具有较好的抗菌性能,因而这是一种多功能涤纶织物,具有良好的应用前景。
尽管已经示出和描述了发明的实施例,对于本领域的普通技术人员而言,可以理解在不脱离发明的原理和精神的情况下可以对这些实施例进行多种变化、修改、替换和变型,发明的范围由所附权利要求及其等同物限定。
Claims (4)
1.一种具有抗静电和抗菌功能的涤纶织物及其制备方法,其特征在于:包括该功能织物上覆有石墨烯/纳米银复合物;其具体方法包括:
开始(101):配制混合溶液;
涤纶织物改性(102):将涤纶织物放入混合溶液中进行处理;
洗净甩干(103):洗净后进行甩干;
涂覆(104):将涤纶织物放入氧化石墨烯溶液中处理;
洗净甩干(105):再次洗净后进行甩干;
施加纳米银(106):先用硝酸银溶液处理,然后还原处理;
后处理(107):洗净、干燥、焙烘织物;
结束(108)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种具有抗静电和抗菌功能的涤纶织物及其制备方法,其特征在于:所述具体实施方法:
(1)、涤纶织物的改性:按如下重量百分比配制混合溶液:
氢氧化钠 4.5~5.5%
十六烷基三甲基溴化铵 0.4~0.6%
去离子水 93.9~95.1%
按浴比1:50量取混合溶液,将涤纶织物加入混合溶液中,在75~85℃下搅拌25~35min,然后取出涤纶织物,用去离子水洗净,甩干
(2)、氧化石墨烯涂覆涤纶织物:按浴比1:50量取质量百分比浓度为5~10%的氧化石墨烯溶液,加入改性的涤纶织物,搅拌,在65~75℃下处理55~65min,然后取出涤纶织物,用去离子水洗涤,甩干。
(3)、石墨烯/纳米银功能涤纶织物的制备:按浴比1:50量取质量百分比浓度为0.1~0.5%硝酸银溶液,放入氧化石墨烯改性的涤纶织物(2),搅拌,在85~95℃下处理55~65min。随后在30~90min内向溶液中均匀加入等当量质量百分比浓度为0.5~1%的还原剂溶液,用氨水调节pH值至9~10,继续反应15min。然后取出涤纶织物,用去离子水清洗涤纶织物二次,最后在100~110℃下干燥10~20min,在195~205℃下焙烘4~6min,得到石墨烯/纳米银功能涤纶织物。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种具有抗静电和抗菌功能的涤纶织物及其制备方法,其特征在于:所述氧化石墨烯为少层,在配成氧化石墨烯溶液后,超声30min。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种具有抗静电和抗菌功能的涤纶织物及其制备方法,其特征在于:所述的还原剂为抗坏血酸和硼氢化钠中的至少一种。
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