CN110436914A - 一种高孔隙率六铝酸钙泡沫陶瓷及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种高孔隙率六铝酸钙泡沫陶瓷及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN110436914A
CN110436914A CN201910689203.9A CN201910689203A CN110436914A CN 110436914 A CN110436914 A CN 110436914A CN 201910689203 A CN201910689203 A CN 201910689203A CN 110436914 A CN110436914 A CN 110436914A
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foamed ceramics
high porosity
calcium hexaluminate
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hexaluminate
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李远兵
周琪润
李淑静
向若飞
李鑫
欧阳思
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Wuhan University of Science and Engineering WUSE
Wuhan University of Science and Technology WHUST
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种高孔隙率六铝酸钙泡沫陶瓷及其制备方法。其技术方案是:以10~20wt%的轻质碳酸钙和80~90wt%的α‑Al2O3为原料,外加所述原料1~5wt%的添加剂和100~180wt%的糖,混合,得到预混料;按所述预混料︰锆球的质量比为1︰(2~3),将所述预混料放入球磨机滚筒内,球磨4~6h,得到混合料;在150~200℃条件下搅拌30~90min,再于120~150℃条件下发泡和固化24~48h,得到泡沫陶瓷生坯;将所述泡沫陶瓷生坯以1~2℃/min的速率升温至1450~1650℃,保温2‑5h,制得高孔隙率六铝酸钙泡沫陶瓷。本发明生产成本低,制备的高孔隙率六铝酸钙泡沫陶瓷为三维网络连通结构,具有孔隙率高、强度高、导热系数低、使用寿命长和使用范围广的特点。

Description

一种高孔隙率六铝酸钙泡沫陶瓷及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于六铝酸钙泡沫陶瓷技术领域。具体涉及一种高孔隙率六铝酸钙泡沫陶瓷及其制备方法。
背景技术
高孔隙率的泡沫陶瓷为三维立体网络骨架和相互贯通气孔结构。高孔隙率的泡沫陶瓷具有气孔率高、比表面积大、耐高温、抗化学腐蚀和热稳定性好等优良性能,被广泛用作催化剂载体、金属液过滤器和高温气体交换过滤器等。
六铝酸钙熔点为1875℃,在高温还原气氛下稳定性好和抗碱侵蚀能力强,与熔融金属的润湿度低,在含氧化铁渣中的溶解性低,在高温下热导率可与耐火纤维媲美。因此,六铝酸钙材料本身是一种非常有前途的多孔材料。六铝酸钙泡沫陶瓷还是一种重要的高温烟气的催化剂载体、冶金工业用过滤等多用途的多孔材料。
目前,六铝酸钙多孔材料的研究已见报道,如“一种六铝酸钙多孔陶瓷的制备方法”(CN201811595141.7)的专利技术,该技术是将ρ-Al2O3粉末和碳酸钙粉末经过处理,采用凝胶注模成型、固化和烧结,获得六铝酸钙多孔陶瓷,该技术干燥时间较长,所得六铝酸钙多孔陶瓷气孔率较小,较大的体积密度使之具有较高的热导率,限制其作为隔热保温材料、过滤材料和催化剂载体材料的应用;如“一种六铝酸钙泡沫陶瓷的制备方法”(ZL201410560494.9)的专利技术是使用Al2O3粉末和纳米碳酸钙通过热发泡法制备六铝酸钙泡沫陶瓷,原料中的高纯纳米碳酸钙具有较高的成本,且热发泡法制备出的陶瓷生坯孔隙率很高,而且六铝酸钙片状晶粒在高温下难以烧结,导致该方法制得的六铝酸钙泡沫陶瓷孔筋疏松,强度不高。
发明内容
本发明旨在克服现有技术缺陷,目的是提供一种低成本的高孔隙率六铝酸钙泡沫陶瓷的制备方法,用该方法制备的六铝酸钙泡沫陶瓷强度高、孔隙率高、导热率低和适用范围广。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用的技术方案是的具体步骤是:
步骤一、以10~20wt%的轻质碳酸钙和80~90wt%的α-Al2O3为原料,外加所述原料1~5wt%的添加剂和100~180wt%的糖,混合,得到预混料。
步骤二、按所述预混料︰锆球的质量比为1︰(2~3),将所述预混料放入球磨机滚筒内,球磨4~6h,得到混合料。
步骤三、将所述混合料在150~200℃条件下搅拌30~90min,再于120~150℃条件下发泡和固化24~48h,得到泡沫陶瓷生坯。
步骤四、将所述泡沫陶瓷生坯以1~2℃/min的速率升温至1450~1650℃,保温2-5h,制得高孔隙率六铝酸钙泡沫陶瓷。
所述轻质碳酸钙粒径小于88μm;轻质碳酸钙的CaCO3含量≥95wt%。
所述α-Al2O3微粉的粒径小于88μm;α-Al2O3微粉的Al2O3含量≥95wt%。
所述添加剂为二氧化硅、碳酸钡、碳酸锶、硫酸钡和硫酸锶中的一种,添加剂的纯度大于99wt%。
所述糖为果糖、无水葡萄糖、一水葡萄糖、蔗糖和麦芽糖中的一种;糖的粒径小于88μm,糖的纯度大于95wt%。
由于采用上述技术方案,本发明与现有技术相比具有如下优点和积极效果:
1、本发明以轻质碳酸钙和α-Al2O3为原料,外加添加剂和糖,混合,球磨,搅拌,发泡和固化,在1450~1650℃保温2-5h,制得高孔隙率六铝酸钙泡沫陶瓷,工艺简单,易于操作;另由于所用原料获取方便且较为便宜,故生产成本低。
2、本发明所制备的泡沫陶瓷生坯利用糖缩合产生的大量水蒸气进行发泡,形成大量均匀的气孔,且在烧成过程中碳酸钙分解释放出的二氧化碳也会形成少量气孔,使所制得的六铝酸钙泡沫陶瓷具有很高的孔隙率和低的热导率,适用于隔热保温。本发明在原料中加入的外加剂能够促进六铝酸钙晶粒延c轴生长,有利于六铝酸钙晶体堆积,从而增大孔筋强度,使制得的高孔隙率六铝酸钙泡沫陶瓷具备高的强度。六铝酸钙具有高温热膨胀系数低、抗碱侵蚀能力优良和还原性环境性能稳定等特性,加上本发明制备的高孔隙率六铝酸钙泡沫陶瓷为三维网络连通结构,比表面积大,可用作碱性颗粒物过滤材料和还原气氛下催化载体材料,过滤效率高和使用寿命长。
3、本发明所制备的高孔隙率六铝酸钙泡沫陶瓷经检测:体积密度为0.11~0.38g/cm3;导热系数为0.041~0.059W/(m·K);耐压强度达到1.8~8Mpa;总气孔率为90.0~97.1%。
因此,本发明生产成本低,所制备的高孔隙率六铝酸钙泡沫陶瓷为三维网络连通结构,具有孔隙率高、强度较高和导热系数低的优点。适用于碱性和还原性环境下使用的催化材料、过滤材料和隔热保温材料,使用寿命长。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步的描述,并非对其保护范围的限制。
为避免重复,现将本具体实施方式涉及的技术参数统一描述如下,实施例中不再赘述:
所述轻质碳酸钙粒径小于88μm;轻质碳酸钙的CaCO3含量≥95wt%。
所述α-Al2O3微粉的粒径小于88μm;α-Al2O3微粉的Al2O3含量≥95wt%。
所述的二氧化硅、碳酸钡、碳酸锶、硫酸钡和硫酸锶的纯度大于99wt%。
所述的果糖、无水葡萄糖、一水葡萄糖、蔗糖和麦芽糖的粒径小于88μm,纯度大于95wt%。
实施例1
一种高孔隙率六铝酸钙泡沫陶瓷及其制备方法。本实施例所述制备方法的步骤是:
步骤一、以10~12wt%的轻质碳酸钙和88~90wt%的α-Al2O3为原料,外加所述原料1~3wt%的二氧化硅和100~120wt%的无水葡萄糖,混合,得到预混料。
步骤二、按所述预混料︰锆球的质量比为1︰(2~3),将所述预混料放入球磨机滚筒内,球磨4~6h,得到混合料。
步骤三、将所述混合料在150~160℃条件下搅拌30~50min,再于120~150℃条件下发泡和固化24~48h,得到泡沫陶瓷生坯。
步骤四、将所述泡沫陶瓷生坯以1~2℃/min的速率升温至1450~1490℃,保温2-5h,制得高孔隙率六铝酸钙泡沫陶瓷。
实施例2
一种高孔隙率六铝酸钙泡沫陶瓷及其制备方法。本实施例所述制备方法的步骤是:
步骤一、以12~14wt%的轻质碳酸钙和86~88wt%的α-Al2O3为原料,外加所述原料1.5~3.5wt%的碳酸钡和115~135wt%的果糖,混合,得到预混料。
步骤二、按所述预混料︰锆球的质量比为1︰(2~3),将所述预混料放入球磨机滚筒内,球磨4~6h,得到混合料。
步骤三、将所述混合料在160~170℃条件下搅拌40~60min,再于120~150℃条件下发泡和固化24~48h,得到泡沫陶瓷生坯。
步骤四、将所述泡沫陶瓷生坯以1~2℃/min的速率升温至1490~1530℃,保温2-5h,制得高孔隙率六铝酸钙泡沫陶瓷。
实施例3
一种高孔隙率六铝酸钙泡沫陶瓷及其制备方法。本实施例所述制备方法的步骤是:
步骤一、以14~16wt%的轻质碳酸钙和84~86wt%的α-Al2O3为原料,外加所述原料2~4wt%的硫酸钡和130~150wt%的一水葡萄糖,混合,得到预混料。
步骤二、按所述预混料︰锆球的质量比为1︰(2~3),将所述预混料放入球磨机滚筒内,球磨4~6h,得到混合料。
步骤三、将所述混合料在170~180℃条件下搅拌50~70min,再于120~150℃条件下发泡和固化24~48h,得到泡沫陶瓷生坯。
步骤四、将所述泡沫陶瓷生坯以1~2℃/min的速率升温至1530~1570℃,保温2-5h,制得高孔隙率六铝酸钙泡沫陶瓷。
实施例4
一种高孔隙率六铝酸钙泡沫陶瓷及其制备方法。本实施例所述制备方法的步骤是:
步骤一、以16~18wt%的轻质碳酸钙和82~84wt%的α-Al2O3为原料,外加所述原料2.5~4.5wt%的碳酸锶和145~165wt%的蔗糖,混合,得到预混料。
步骤二、按所述预混料︰锆球的质量比为1︰(2~3),将所述预混料放入球磨机滚筒内,球磨4~6h,得到混合料。
步骤三、将所述混合料在180~190℃条件下搅拌60~80min,再于120~150℃条件下发泡和固化24~48h,得到泡沫陶瓷生坯。
步骤四、将所述泡沫陶瓷生坯以1~2℃/min的速率升温至1570~1610℃,保温2-5h,制得高孔隙率六铝酸钙泡沫陶瓷。
实施例5
一种高孔隙率六铝酸钙泡沫陶瓷及其制备方法。本实施例所述制备方法的步骤是:
步骤一、以18~20wt%的轻质碳酸钙和80~82wt%的α-Al2O3为原料,外加所述原料3~5wt%的硫酸锶和160~180wt%的麦芽糖,混合,得到预混料。
步骤二、按所述预混料︰锆球的质量比为1︰(2~3),将所述预混料放入球磨机滚筒内,球磨4~6h,得到混合料。
步骤三、将所述混合料在190~200℃条件下搅拌70~90min,再于120~150℃条件下发泡和固化24~48h,得到泡沫陶瓷生坯。
步骤四、将所述泡沫陶瓷生坯以1~2℃/min的速率升温至1610~1650℃,保温2-5h,制得高孔隙率六铝酸钙泡沫陶瓷。
本发明与现有技术相比具有如下积极效果:
1、本具体实施方式以轻质碳酸钙和α-Al2O3为原料,外加添加剂和糖,混合,球磨,搅拌,发泡和固化,在1450~1650℃保温2-5h,制得高孔隙率六铝酸钙泡沫陶瓷,工艺简单,易于操作;另由于所用原料获取方便且较为便宜,故生产成本低。
2、本具体实施方式所制备的泡沫陶瓷生坯利用糖缩合产生的大量水蒸气进行发泡,形成大量均匀的气孔,且在烧成过程中碳酸钙分解释放出的二氧化碳也会形成少量气孔,使所制得的六铝酸钙泡沫陶瓷具有很高的孔隙率和低的热导率,适用于隔热保温。本具体实施方式在原料中加入的外加剂能够促进六铝酸钙晶粒延c轴生长,有利于六铝酸钙晶体堆积,从而增大孔筋强度,使制得的高孔隙率六铝酸钙泡沫陶瓷具备高的强度。六铝酸钙具有高温热膨胀系数低、抗碱侵蚀能力优良和还原性环境性能稳定等特性,加上本具体实施方式制备的高孔隙率六铝酸钙泡沫陶瓷为三维网络连通结构,比表面积大,可用作碱性颗粒物过滤材料和还原气氛下催化载体材料,过滤效率高和使用寿命长。
3、本具体实施方式所制备的高孔隙率六铝酸钙泡沫陶瓷经检测:体积密度为0.11~0.38g/cm3;导热系数为0.041~0.059W/(m·K);耐压强度达到1.8~8Mpa;总气孔率为90.0~97.1%。
因此,本具体实施方式生产成本低,所制备的高孔隙率六铝酸钙泡沫陶瓷为三维网络连通结构,具有孔隙率高、强度较高和导热系数低的优点。适用于碱性和还原性环境下使用的催化材料、过滤材料和隔热保温材料,使用寿命长。

Claims (6)

1.一种高孔隙率六铝酸钙泡沫陶瓷的制备方法,其特征在于所述制备方法的步骤是:
步骤一、以10~20wt%的轻质碳酸钙和80~90wt%的α-Al2O3为原料,外加所述原料1~5wt%的添加剂和100~180wt%的糖,混合,得到预混料;
步骤二、按所述预混料︰锆球的质量比为1︰(2~3),将所述预混料放入球磨机滚筒内,球磨4~6h,得到混合料;
步骤三、将所述混合料在150~200℃条件下搅拌30~90min,再于120~150℃条件下发泡和固化24~48h,得到泡沫陶瓷生坯;
步骤四、将所述泡沫陶瓷生坯以1~2℃/min的速率升温至1450~1650℃,保温2-5h,制得高孔隙率六铝酸钙泡沫陶瓷。
2.根据权利要求1所述的高孔隙率六铝酸钙泡沫陶瓷的制备方法,其特征在于所述轻质碳酸钙粒径小于88μm;轻质碳酸钙的CaCO3含量≥95wt%。
3.根据权利要求1所述的高孔隙率六铝酸钙泡沫陶瓷的制备方法,其特征在于所述α-Al2O3微粉的粒径小于88μm;α-Al2O3微粉的Al2O3含量≥95wt%。
4.根据权利要求1所述的高孔隙率六铝酸钙泡沫陶瓷的制备方法,其特征在于所述添加剂为二氧化硅、碳酸钡、碳酸锶、硫酸钡和硫酸锶中的一种,添加剂的纯度大于99wt%。
5.根据权利要求1所述的高孔隙率六铝酸钙泡沫陶瓷的制备方法,其特征在于所述糖为果糖、无水葡萄糖、一水葡萄糖、蔗糖和麦芽糖中的一种;糖的粒径小于88μm,糖的纯度大于95wt%。
6.一种高孔隙率六铝酸钙泡沫陶瓷,其特征在于所述高孔隙率六铝酸钙泡沫陶瓷是根据权利要求1~5项中任意一项所述的高孔隙率六铝酸钙泡沫陶瓷的制备方法所制备的高孔隙率六铝酸钙泡沫陶瓷。
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