CN110432231B - Method for breeding Nanmei tomato leaf miner with single head - Google Patents
Method for breeding Nanmei tomato leaf miner with single head Download PDFInfo
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- CN110432231B CN110432231B CN201910834842.XA CN201910834842A CN110432231B CN 110432231 B CN110432231 B CN 110432231B CN 201910834842 A CN201910834842 A CN 201910834842A CN 110432231 B CN110432231 B CN 110432231B
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- 235000007688 Lycopersicon esculentum Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 241000227653 Lycopersicon Species 0.000 claims abstract 4
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- 230000000384 rearing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000003755 preservative agent Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000002335 preservative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
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- 241000366676 Justicia pectoralis Species 0.000 description 4
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/033—Rearing or breeding invertebrates; New breeds of invertebrates
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
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- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of insect breeding, and particularly relates to a method for breeding Nanmei tomato leaf miners in a single-head mode. The method for breeding the south American tomato leaf miner in a single head comprises the step of breeding the south American tomato leaf miner from eggs to pupas in a transparent breeding box by taking fresh-keeping tomato leaves as host plants. When the south American tomato leaf miner is raised in a single-head mode, the raising effect on eggs is good, and the raising effect on larvae and pupae is good; the cylindrical transparent plastic feeding box is adopted, the feeding box is completely transparent in material, can be directly observed, and is convenient and quick; the preservation time of the host leaves is long; therefore, the method of the invention has strong practicability and can meet the needs of single-head insect breeding and subsequent related researches.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of insect breeding, and particularly relates to a method for breeding Nanmei tomato leaf miner in a single-head mode.
Background
The southern American tomato leaf miner Tuta absoluta (Meyrinck), which is also known as tomato leaf miner, tomato leaf miner and tomato wheat moth, is preferably used under the common name of the tomato leaf miner and the international common name of the South American tomato leaf moth, belongs to Lepidoptera (Lepidotera) Merlatheridae (Gelechidae), is a Peruvian native to the western South America, is a worldwide quarantine invasive pest, mainly harms tomatoes (including processed tomatoes, fresh tomatoes, cherry tomatoes/cherry tomatoes and the like), eggplants, potatoes, physalis alkekengi, ginseng fruits, tobaccos and the like, is rapidly diffused, has the extremely high yield reduction rate of 50-80% in severe occurrence, and even damages seeds for rebroading. At present, although the south American tomato leaf miner only occurs in local areas of China, serious harm is caused to tomatoes in protected areas and open areas, and in order to research a method for controlling the south American tomato leaf miner, the problem that tomato crops are seriously damaged is effectively solved, and the problem of feeding the south American tomato leaf miner must be solved.
Because the problem that the abnormal death rate of insects is high when insects are fed by leaves separated from plants is solved, the method for feeding the south American tomato leaf miner in the prior art mainly adopts a potted host cage for feeding, and mainly comprises the following methods:
1) the single-head feeding method of the insect cage for the miniature blade comprises the following steps: the feed is mainly used for feeding small insects such as aphids, whiteflies and the like; the host plant is a potted plant or a plant directly planted in the field. The culture utensil consists of spun yarn, organic glass tube, buffering sponge, powerful glue, metal clip, etc. When feeding, the culture vessel is directly clamped on the leaf connected with the insect by a metal clamp. 2) The method for feeding the miniature blades with the spun yarn bags at one end comprises the following steps: the host plant is a potted plant or a plant directly planted in the field. The culture vessel is a spun yarn bag, which is composed of spun yarn and tightening rope, and is sewed by sewing machine, and the length, width and thickness are 12-15cm, 8-10cm and 2.5-3cm respectively. When feeding, the spun yarn bag is directly tied on the blade. 3) The transparent happy box single-head breeding method comprises the following steps: the host plant is a hydroponic plant. The culture vessel consists of two round transparent hasp boxes (the diameter and the height are respectively 10cm and 15+15cm), a plastic foam plate, tap water, a sealing adhesive tape, a spun yarn covered air vent and the like.
However, the first and second methods have the following drawbacks: 1. because the weight of the culture vessel is attached to a single leaf, the leaf is often broken and falls off in advance, and the leaf is dried up when the insect does not grow completely; 2. because the culture vessel can not rotate freely after being fixed, only a certain angle of the leaf can be observed, which is not beneficial to observation, especially the observation of the ovum and the primary ovum larva; when observed through a culture vessel containing spun yarns or spun yarn bags, the visual field is fuzzy, and the observation effect on leaf miner pests (such as leaf miners, leaf miners and the like) is poor; 3. because the space is small and the area of the leaves is limited, the larvae can leave the cage area through the sneak food submerged channel, so that single-end feeding and observation cannot be continued, and the experiment is forced to be terminated; 4. the potted plant occupies a large space, can only be carried out in fields, greenhouses or small-sized artificial climate chambers, the environmental conditions in the fields and the greenhouses are difficult to control, the small-sized artificial climate chambers can control the temperature and the humidity, but the feeding scale is very limited, for example, at most 4 potted plants can be placed in one small-sized artificial climate chamber with the volume of 450L, and one plant can only be used for feeding and observing about 40 insects at the same time according to 10 true leaves.
The third method has the defects that the culture vessel cannot be laterally arranged and observed in an inverted mode (the lateral arrangement and the inverted mode can cause the water culture to spill), so that the insect age and the insect state are not clearly distinguished, and the observation result is not accurate, particularly the observation result of the submerged insects, eggs (about 0.3mm) and newly hatched larvae (about 0.5mm in body length) is not accurate; the scale of the method is difficult to expand, for example, a small artificial climate chamber with the volume of 450L can only observe and raise 40-50 insects at most simultaneously.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for feeding south American tomato leaf miners in a single-head manner.
According to the specific embodiment of the invention, the method for breeding the south American tomato leaf miner in a single head comprises the step of breeding the south American tomato leaf miner from eggs to adults in a transparent breeding box by taking fresh-keeping tomato leaves as hosts.
According to the method for feeding the south American tomato leaf miner in a single-head mode, the fresh-keeping tomato leaves are prepared by the method comprising the following steps of: cutting from the petiole to obtain tomato leaves with the petioles, and wrapping the petiole with absorbent cotton which absorbs water in a saturated mode.
According to the method for feeding the Nanmei tomato leaf miner in a single-head mode, absorbent cotton is wrapped around the petioles and then wrapped with a preservative film; folding the absorbent cotton upwards for 180 degrees from the tail end 1/3-1/2, and wrapping the absorbent cotton with a preservative film; kneading the joint of the upper end of the preservative film and the petiole.
According to the method for feeding the leafminer of the south American tomato with one head, the length of the leafstalk is 45-50 mm; the absorbent cotton has a length of 80-100 mm, a width of 30-40 mm and a thickness of 2.5-3.5 mm.
According to the method for breeding the south American tomato leaf miner in a single head mode, the transparent breeding box is cylindrical, the transparent breeding box comprises an upper breeding box and a lower breeding box which are stacked up and down, the diameter and the height of the upper breeding box and the lower breeding box are equal, and the upper breeding box is communicated with the lower breeding box in a vertical mode.
According to the method for breeding the south American tomato leaf miner in a single head mode, the bottom surfaces of the upper breeding box and the lower breeding box are provided with the openings, and the upper breeding box is communicated with the lower breeding box through the openings.
According to the method for breeding the south American tomato leaf miner with the single head, disclosed by the invention, a plurality of sections of transparent plastic adhesive tapes are stuck and fixed along the butt joint of the openings of the upper breeding box and the lower breeding box, and the intervals among the plurality of adhesive tapes are equal.
According to the method for feeding the south American tomato leaf miner with the single head, the diameter of the feeding box is 80-90 mm, and the height of the feeding box is 10-15 mm.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) when the south American tomato leaf miner is raised in a single head mode, the raising effect on eggs, larvae and pupae is good, wherein the ratio of the eggs hatched into the larvae (hatching rate) is 100%, the ratio of the larvae developed into the pupae (pupation rate) is 65.6%, the ratio of the pupae developed into adults (eclosion rate) is 96.9%, and the survival rate of the eggs developed into adults is 63.6%, so that the raising effect of the method is good;
(2) the cylindrical transparent plastic feeding box is adopted, the feeding box is completely transparent in material, the feeding box does not need to be opened during observation, direct observation can be realized, convenience and rapidness are realized, the device is particularly suitable for observing the submerged-leaf pests, and meanwhile, larvae can be prevented from escaping;
(3) the feeding box is simple and convenient to manufacture, low in cost and space-saving, the manufacturing of the feeding box can be completed within two minutes, the cost of each feeding box is less than 1 yuan, the feeding boxes can be horizontally placed and vertically stacked, and at least 300 feeding boxes can be stacked simultaneously by taking an artificial illumination incubator with the volume of 450L as an example, so that more than 300 insects can be fed and observed simultaneously, and large-scale feeding is realized;
(4) the preservation time of the host leaves is long, each fresh-cut host leaf can be preserved for more than 2 weeks at 25 ℃, the development requirement of the whole larval stage is met, the host is convenient to replace, and the problems that branches and leaves are easy to break and dry when potted plants are adopted as host plants and the feeding cannot be continued are solved; meanwhile, the leaves separated from the plants are taken as host plants, the problems that a culture vessel cannot be laterally placed and inverted and is inconvenient to observe are solved, and the observation angle of the feeding box is changed according to needs, so that the development state of the insects can be quickly determined, the observation time is saved, and the accuracy is improved;
(5) in order to ensure the ventilation in the feeding box and the stability of the feeding box, the transparent adhesive tapes are used instead, and the transparent adhesive tapes are adhered at equal intervals, so that the ventilation and the blade preservation are facilitated.
Therefore, the method of the invention has strong practicability and can meet the needs of single-head insect breeding and subsequent related researches.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the construction of a transparent housing used in an embodiment of the present invention, wherein 1 is an upper housing and 2 is a lower housing;
FIG. 2 shows fresh cut host leaves;
FIG. 3 shows the development stages of the respective insect states of the eggs, larvae and pupae of the cultivated tomato leafminer Nanmei and the whole development time before imago (egg-imago) according to the embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 4 shows the survival rates of eggs, larvae, pupae of cultivated tomato leafminer south America in various insect states and the survival rate of the adult insect developed from the egg according to the embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 5 shows the female and male adult ratio for rearing Nanmei tomato leaf miner according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Example 1
As shown in figure 1, the transparent rearing box for rearing Nanmei tomato leaf miner is cylindrical, and comprises an upper rearing box 1 and a lower rearing box 2 which are stacked up and down, wherein the diameters and the heights of the upper rearing box 1 and the lower rearing box 2 are equal, and the diameters and the heights are 85mm and 13mm respectively. The bottom surfaces of the upper feeding box 1 and the lower feeding box 2 are provided with openings, and the openings of the two boxes are butted with the openings when in use to form a cylindrical feeding box with the diameter of 85mm and the height of 26mm for standby.
Collecting clean fresh-cut tomato leaves, wherein 1-3 small leaves are contained on the fresh-cut tomato leaves, the length of a leaf stalk is 45-50mm, and the leaf stalk is cut into an inclined section by a sharp cutter so as to be beneficial to water absorption. Wrapping petioles with absorbent cotton which is 35mm wide, 3mm thick and 90mm long and absorbs water in a saturated mode; wrapping the leaves with preservative films with the widths and the lengths of 70mm and 140mm for 2 circles, folding the leaves upwards at the tail ends 1/3-1/2 of the absorbent cotton for 180 degrees, wrapping the leaves for 2 circles, and kneading joints of the upper ends of the preservative films and the leaf stalks to keep the leaves moist and fresh, as shown in figure 2.
When the Nanmei tomato leaf miner is raised, fresh-keeping cut host leaves are placed into a cylindrical transparent plastic raising box, insect eggs or larvae are inoculated, and then 3 sections of transparent plastic adhesive tapes with the width of 12mm and the length of 40mm are stuck and fixed at the joint of the openings of two transparent plastic shallow boxes at the interval distance of 45-50 mm; the part without adhesive tape is used for air circulation.
Example 2 examination of the rearing of Nanmei tomato leaf miner
The method comprises the following steps of taking south American tomato leaf miners as experimental objects, taking fresh-eating tomatoes as host plants, carrying out fresh-keeping treatment on tomato leaves with eggs (the egg period is about 12 hours), putting the treated tomato leaves into a cylindrical transparent plastic feeding box, and observing and recording the state and color change of the eggs once a day; after the larvae are hatched, the development state of the larvae is observed and recorded once a day until the larvae are turned into pupae. The status of the pupae was recorded 1 time per day until the adult emerged. Feeding the single heads per grain, and repeating for 4 batches with 8-10 heads per grain every 1 batch.
The development history of each egg, larva or pupa, and the development history of the egg into an adult are calculated.
The experimental results are shown in FIG. 3, the egg stage is 6.81 + -0.21 days, the larva stage is 15.86 + -0.20 days, and the pupal stage is 9.23 + -0.53 days; the pre-adult development phase, i.e., the entire period of development from eggs to adults, is 31.90. + -. 0.93 days.
The number of larvae hatched from eggs, the number of pupae formed from larvae, and the number of adults formed from pupae by emergence were counted for each batch, and the survival rate of each insect state and the rate of adult development from eggs were calculated based thereon.
The results of the experiment are shown in FIG. 4, the hatchability, i.e., the rate of development from eggs to larvae, is 100.0. + -. 0.0%; the pupation rate, namely the rate of the pupae developed from the larva is 65.63 +/-6.32%; the eclosion rate, namely the rate of eclosion from pupae to imagoes is 96.88 +/-3.13%; the rate of development from eggs to adults was 63.57 ± 4.72%.
The number of female or male adults obtained in each batch was counted, and the ratio of female or male adults for each batch was calculated based on this.
The results of the experiment are shown in FIG. 5, the ratio of female adults is 53.92 + -1.91%, and the ratio of male adults is 46.08 + -1.91%, which is comparable to the actual female and male ratio in the field.
Claims (3)
1. The method for breeding the south American tomato leaf miner in a single head is characterized by comprising the step of breeding the south American tomato leaf miner from eggs to adults in a transparent breeding box by taking fresh-keeping tomato leaves as hosts, wherein the fresh-keeping tomato leaves are prepared by the method comprising the following steps: wrapping a leaf stalk of a tomato leaf with absorbent cotton which absorbs water in a saturated mode, wrapping the leaf stalk with absorbent cotton, wrapping the absorbent cotton with a preservative film, folding the absorbent cotton upwards for 180 degrees from the tail end of 1/3-1/2, and wrapping the absorbent cotton with the preservative film again; kneading the joint of the upper end of the preservative film and the petiole, wherein the length of the petiole is 45-50 mm; the absorbent cotton has a length of 80-100 mm, a width of 30-40 mm and a thickness of 2.5-3.5 mm,
the transparent feeding box is cylindrical, comprises an upper feeding box and a lower feeding box which are stacked up and down, the diameter and the height of the upper feeding box and the diameter and the height of the lower feeding box are equal, and the upper feeding box is communicated with the lower feeding box.
2. The method for feeding the south American tomato leaf miner in a single head mode according to claim 1, wherein openings are formed in the bottom surfaces of the upper feeding box and the lower feeding box, and the upper feeding box is communicated with the lower feeding box through the openings.
3. The method for single-headed rearing of south American tomato leaf miners as claimed in claim 1, wherein the rearing cassette has a diameter of 80 to 90mm and a height of 20 to 30 mm.
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| CN101015290B (en) * | 2007-03-05 | 2010-05-19 | 苏州大学 | Indoor feeding method for wild silkworm |
| CN201967526U (en) * | 2011-04-18 | 2011-09-14 | 北京市农林科学院 | Single insect feeder |
| CN102939955A (en) * | 2012-11-15 | 2013-02-27 | 新疆农业科学院植物保护研究所 | Cotton leaf preserving method for cotton bollworm resisting biological assay |
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Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101731183A (en) * | 2008-11-27 | 2010-06-16 | 甘肃农业大学 | Odontothrips loti feeding method |
| CN104322461A (en) * | 2014-11-15 | 2015-02-04 | 云南省农业科学院甘蔗研究所 | Indoor artificial feeding method for sesamia inferen |
| CN204259646U (en) * | 2014-11-20 | 2015-04-15 | 中国农业科学院柑桔研究所 | The device of artificial indoor rearing tetranychid |
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