CN110432133A - A kind of blueberry rapid breeding method - Google Patents
A kind of blueberry rapid breeding method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110432133A CN110432133A CN201910796436.9A CN201910796436A CN110432133A CN 110432133 A CN110432133 A CN 110432133A CN 201910796436 A CN201910796436 A CN 201910796436A CN 110432133 A CN110432133 A CN 110432133A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H4/00—Plant reproduction by tissue culture techniques ; Tissue culture techniques therefor
- A01H4/001—Culture apparatus for tissue culture
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H4/00—Plant reproduction by tissue culture techniques ; Tissue culture techniques therefor
- A01H4/008—Methods for regeneration to complete plants
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
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- Breeding Of Plants And Reproduction By Means Of Culturing (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of blueberry rapid breeding methods, it includes: 1) blueberry hybrid seed collection；2) seeding and seedling raising: under artificial climate, by seed broadcasting in smooth stromal surface；3) hybrid seedling is transplanted: growing to 4 ~ 6cm, transplanting to hole tray to seedling；Second year January, Plug seedling are transplanted in nutritive cube, are transplanted May into 30L container to forming bud, overwintering；Third year, no more than 30 DEG C at a temperature of cultivate；4) hybrid seedling breeding: selection fine individual plant carries out tissue culture expanding propagation with improvement WPM culture medium；4th year, eliminate the bad single plant of performance；In May in the same year, to fine individual plant cuttage and seedling culture, December is fostered with nutritive cube to the 5th Nian Wuyue, and transplanting is into 30L container to formation bud；6th year progress final election, Approved variety；The invention has the advantages that: it is directly sowed after fruit harvesting and facilitates nursery and substrate culture breeding to combine with greenhouse, the breeding time limit shortens 6 years.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to planting technical fields, and in particular to a kind of blueberry rapid breeding method.
Background technique
Blueberry, scientific name are cowberry, be Ericaceae (Ericaceae) Vaccinium (Vaccinium) plant, fallen leaves or evergreen
Shrub.Cowberry is one of fruit tree species with fastest developing speed at present, wide in variety, to the adaptable of weather conditions, fruit itself
Nutritive value high financial profit, it is deep to be liked by domestic and international consumer.
Blueberry cultivation kind mainly passes through crossbreeding, wild seed selection and ploidy breeding, and wherein crossbreeding is most important
Breeding mode.It is well known that the fruit tree hybridization breeding period is long, take time and effort, needs substantial contribution.The breeding week of general blueberry
Phase is 10 ~ 12 years, greatly affected breeding process.Therefore, independent intellectual property right kind is cultivated, grasp core technology has become
Capture the key of Mirae Corp. commanding elevation.Currently, breeding objective and Juvenile stage exist centainly in China's small berries breeding
The reasons why blindness, the character of hybrid parent utilizes indefinite in ongoing breeding work, Selection parent is unclear, lacks
Specific Breeding strategy plan and utilizing for parental trait are planned, and the progeny selection for not only resulting in breeding is difficult, and wastes
A large amount of man power and material.
Summary of the invention
Object of the present invention is to the period length to solve the problems, such as existing blueberry breeding method breeding, and provide a kind of without kind
Sub- suspend mode, the blueberry rapid breeding method for shortening the breeding time limit.
A kind of blueberry rapid breeding method, it includes:
1) blueberry hybrid seed is collected: harvesting Blueberry is crumbed, eluriates, obtain blueberry seed, dry；
2) seeding and seedling raising: under artificial climate, by the seed broadcasting in step 1) in smooth stromal surface, cover one layer 0.3 ~
0.7cm matrix is flattened and is watered, and covers layer of non-woven fabric；The artificial climate is 20 ~ 25 DEG C of temperature, relative humidity 50 ~
60%, 15 ~ 17 hour/day of illumination；
3) hybrid seedling is transplanted: being grown to 4 ~ 6cm to seedling, is transplanted to hole tray, temperature is maintained at 15 ~ 30 DEG C, not suspend mode；Second year
January, Plug seedling are transplanted in nutritive cube, are transplanted May into the container of substrate culture to bud is formed, are being no more than 30 DEG C
At a temperature of it is overwintering；Third year, no more than 30 DEG C at a temperature of cultivate；
4) hybrid seedling breeding: selection fine individual plant carries out tissue culture expanding propagation with improvement WPM culture medium；4th year, eliminate the 3rd
The bad single plant of the performance selected in year；In May in the same year, to fine individual plant cuttage and seedling culture, December is fostered with nutritive cube
5th Nian Wuyue, under conditions of being no more than 30 DEG C, transplanting is into the container of substrate culture to formation bud；It determines within 6th year
Choosing, Approved variety；
Matrix described in step 2 is moss；
Artificial climate described in step 2) is 21 ~ 23 DEG C of temperature, relative humidity 50 ~ 60%, 16 hour/day of illumination；
Improvement WPM culture medium described in step 4) are as follows: I 50mL/L of stock solution, stock solution II ~ V are respectively 5mL/L, sucrose 30g/
L, 7 g/L of agar, 0.3 mg/L of zeatin, surplus is water, adjusts pH to 5.8 or so；The stock solution I are as follows: NH4NO3
16g、K2SO4 19.8g、KH2PO4 3.4g、MgSO4•7H2O 7.4g, adds water, is configured to 1L solution；Stock solution II are as follows: H3BO3
1.24g、MnSO4•4H2O 3.38g、ZnSO4•7H2O 1.72g、Na2MO4•2H2O 0.05g、CuSO4•5H2O 0.005g, adds
Water is configured to 1L solution；Stock solution III are as follows: FeSO4•7H2O 5.56g、Na2-EDTA•2H2O 7.46g, adds water, is configured to 1L
Solution；Stock solution IV are as follows: inositol 20g, niacin 0.1g, puridoxine hydrochloride 0.1g, thiamine hydrochloride 0.2g, glycine
0.4g adds water, is configured to 1L solution；Stock solution V are as follows: Ca (NO3)2•4H2O 11.12g, adds water, is configured to 1L solution.
The present invention provides a kind of blueberry rapid breeding methods, it includes: 1) blueberry hybrid seed collection: harvesting blueberries
It is real, it crumbs, eluriates, obtain blueberry seed, it is dry；2) seeding and seedling raising: under artificial climate, by the seed broadcasting in step 1) in flat
Whole stromal surface covers one layer of 0.3 ~ 0.7cm matrix, flattens and water, and covers layer of non-woven fabric；The artificial climate is temperature
20 ~ 25 DEG C of degree, relative humidity 50 ~ 60%, 15 ~ 17 hour/day of illumination；3) hybrid seedling is transplanted: being grown to 4 ~ 6cm to seedling, is transplanted
To hole tray, temperature is maintained at 15 ~ 30 DEG C, not suspend mode；Second year January, Plug seedling are transplanted in nutritive cube, transplant May to
In 30L container to formed bud, no more than 30 DEG C at a temperature of it is overwintering；Third year, no more than 30 DEG C at a temperature of cultivate；
4) hybrid seedling breeding: selection fine individual plant carries out tissue culture expanding propagation with improvement WPM culture medium；It 4th year, eliminates the 3rd year and selects
Bring out the bad single plant of the performance come；In May in the same year, to fine individual plant cuttage and seedling culture, December is fostered with nutritive cube to the 5th
In May in year, under conditions of being no more than 30 DEG C, transplanting is into 30L container to formation bud；6th year progress final election, Approved variety；
The invention has the advantages that: it is directly sowed after fruit harvesting and facilitates nursery and substrate culture breeding to combine with greenhouse, hybrid seed
It is cultivated into hybrid seedling via the method for the present invention, it can be achieved that hybrid seed current year germinating to seedling, planting percent height, the skill of result morning
Art effect, the breeding time limit shorten 6 years.
Detailed description of the invention
The growth conditions schematic diagram of Fig. 1 hybrid seedling in the controlled environment chamber；
Fig. 2 moss transplantation of seedlings schematic diagram；
The cold canopy mesostroma cultivation of Fig. 3 and soil cultivation schematic diagram；
Fig. 4 substrate culture and conventional soil cultivating plants growing way schematic diagram；
Fig. 5 major clique result shape schematic diagram.
Specific embodiment
The source of blueberry seed of the present invention: using the reciprocal cross seed of Duke × Bluecrop as blueberry hybrid seedling
Cultivate object.
Test Jilin Agriculture University's small berries garden and Jilin Province's small berries genetic breeding and creative utilization engineering center into
Row.
A kind of blueberry rapid breeding method of embodiment 1
1) blueberry hybrid seed is collected
After Blueberry is mature, harvests in time, fruit is crumbed into pulp to discharge blueberry seed, is eluriated out with the double-deck draining basket
Blueberry seed cleans for several times repeatedly, In Shade to dry in the shade；
2) seeding and seedling raising
It sows in the controlled environment chamber, matrix is moss；Moss need to pave before sowing；By the seed in step 1) uniformly broadcast sowing in
Then smooth moss surface covers one layer of 0.5cm thick coating moss, gently flattens and sprinkle profoundly water, finally cover layer of non-woven fabric；Manually
Climatic chamber condition: 21 ~ 23 DEG C of temperature, relative humidity 50 ~ 60%, 16 hour/day of illumination；
3) hybrid seedling is transplanted
5cm or so is grown to seedling, by seedling replanting to 32 hole hole trays, when transplanting is carefully divided into seedlings, and prevents from hurting root；Greenhouse temperature
15 ~ 30 DEG C are maintained at, not suspend mode；In January, the 2nd, Plug seedling are transplanted toIn nutritive cube, transplant May to 30L base
To autumn in the container of matter cultivation, bud, overwintering suspend mode are formed in Leng Peng (temperature is no more than 30 DEG C)；3rd year, in cold canopy
Carry out substrate culture；Cultivation matrix is dedicated substrate, and growth period irrigates special nutrient fluid.
4) hybrid seedling breeding
Select fine individual plant in hybrid seedling according to breeding objective, and by emphasis fine individual plant with improvement WPM culture medium into
Row tissue culture expanding propagation is bred to 300 plants；4th year, filial generation is continued to evaluate, eliminates the performance selected in the 3rd year not
Good single plant；May uses emphasis tissue culture fine individual plant cuttage and seedling culture December in the greenhouseNutritive cube is fostered to
In May, 2；Then (temperature is no more than 30 DEG C) is transplanted in the container of 30L substrate culture under the conditions of Leng Peng；Until autumn
Form bud；6th year progress final election, Approved variety.
Comparative example
Blueberry is cultivated with commonsense method, is compared with the above method, specific as follows:
1) hybrid seed is collected and is saved
Harvested in time after fruit maturation, by fruit crumb pulp release blueberry seed, eluriate out blueberry kind with the double-deck draining basket
Son, is cleaned for several times repeatedly, is dried in the shade the hybrid seed of collection is In Shade, is then saved under 4 DEG C of cryogenic conditions；
2) hybrid seed breaking dormancy
In May, the 2nd, the hybrid seed after taking out step 1) suspend mode are placed in 18 ~ 20 h of processing in 400 mg/L gibberellin, to
It is In Shade to dry in the shade with 2 min of tap water flushing to wash away gibberellin after hybrid seed breaking dormancy；
3) hybrid seed seeding and seedling raising
It is sowed in greenhouse, matrix is moss；Moss need to pave before sowing；Seed is uniformly broadcasted sowing in smooth moss surface,
Then one layer of 0.5cm thick coating moss is covered, gently flattens and sprinkles profoundly water, finally cover layer of non-woven fabric.Seed needs first according to step 2
It is sowed again after breaking dormancy；
4) hybrid seedling is transplanted
It is cold-proof overwintering that seed grows into November after sprouting, and the 3rd year by seedling replanting to 32 hole hole trays；In April, the 4th, Plug seedling
It is colonized to field.Growth 3 years, it is annual cold-proof overwintering；
5) hybrid seedling breeding
7th year 7 ~ August is as a result, carry out primary election；Fine individual plant is selected in hybrid seedling according to breeding objective, and emphasis is excellent
Good single plant carries out tissue culture expanding propagation with improvement WPM culture medium, breeds to 300 plants；8th year, filial generation is continued to evaluate, be washed in a pan
Eliminate the bad single plant of the performance selected for the 7th year；May to emphasis tissue-cultured seedling cuttage and seedling culture, in June, the 9th, tissue-cultured seedling is colonized
Field is cultivated 3 years, and yield is formed；12nd year, carry out final election, Approved variety.
As a result: Fig. 1 ~ 5 are hybridization, emergence and transplanting photo under the processing of the present embodiment method；It is experimentally confirmed that hybridization
Seed is cultivated via the method for the present invention into hybrid seedling, it can be achieved that hybrid seed current year germinating to seedling, planting percent are high, result is early
Technical effect, shorten the breeding time limit 6 years, illustrate the method for the present invention have very high application value, to other fruit trees hybridization educate
Kind method also has reference.
The improvement WPM culture medium mother liquor formula is shown in Table 1:
Improve WPM culture medium prescription are as follows: B1 50 mL/L, B2 ~ B5 5 mL/L, 30 g/L of sucrose, 7 g/L of agar, zeatin
0.3 mg/L.Adjust pH to 5.8 or so.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of blueberry rapid breeding method, it includes:
1) blueberry hybrid seed is collected: harvesting Blueberry is crumbed, eluriates, obtain blueberry seed, dry；
2) seeding and seedling raising: under artificial climate, by the seed broadcasting in step 1) in smooth stromal surface, cover one layer 0.3 ~
0.7cm matrix is flattened and is watered, and covers layer of non-woven fabric；The artificial climate is 20 ~ 25 DEG C of temperature, relative humidity 50 ~
60%, 15 ~ 17 hour/day of illumination；
3) hybrid seedling is transplanted: being grown to 4 ~ 6cm to seedling, is transplanted to hole tray, temperature is maintained at 15 ~ 30 DEG C, not suspend mode；Second year
January, Plug seedling are transplanted in nutritive cube, are transplanted May into the container of substrate culture to bud is formed, are being no more than 30 DEG C
At a temperature of it is overwintering；Third year, no more than 30 DEG C at a temperature of cultivate；
4) hybrid seedling breeding: selection fine individual plant carries out tissue culture expanding propagation with improvement WPM culture medium；4th year, eliminate the 3rd
The bad single plant of the performance selected in year；In May in the same year, to fine individual plant cuttage and seedling culture, December is fostered with nutritive cube
5th Nian Wuyue, under conditions of being no more than 30 DEG C, transplanting is into the container of substrate culture to formation bud；It determines within 6th year
Choosing, Approved variety.
2. a kind of blueberry rapid breeding method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: matrix described in step 2 is tongue fur
Moss.
3. a kind of blueberry rapid breeding method according to claim 2, it is characterised in that: artificial climate described in step 2)
It is 21 ~ 23 DEG C of temperature, relative humidity 50 ~ 60%, 16 hour/day of illumination.
4. a kind of blueberry rapid breeding method according to claim 3, it is characterised in that: improvement WPM described in step 4)
Culture medium are as follows: I 50mL/L of stock solution, stock solution II ~ V are respectively 5mL/L, sucrose 30g/L, 7 g/L of agar, zeatin 0.3
Mg/L, surplus are water, adjust pH to 5.8 or so；The stock solution I are as follows: NH4NO3 16g、K2SO4 19.8g、KH2PO4
3.4g、MgSO4•7H2O 7.4g, adds water, is configured to 1L solution；Stock solution II are as follows: H3BO3 1.24g、MnSO4•4H2O 3.38g、
ZnSO4•7H2O 1.72g、Na2MO4•2H2O 0.05g、CuSO4•5H2O 0.005g, adds water, is configured to 1L solution；Stock solution III
Are as follows: FeSO4•7H2O 5.56g、Na2-EDTA•2H2O 7.46g, adds water, is configured to 1L solution；Stock solution IV are as follows: inositol 20g,
Niacin 0.1g, puridoxine hydrochloride 0.1g, thiamine hydrochloride 0.2g, glycine 0.4g, add water, are configured to 1L solution；Reserve
Liquid V are as follows: Ca (NO3)2•4H2O 11.12g, adds water, is configured to 1L solution.
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Cited By (3)
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| CN110999780A (en) * | 2019-12-26 | 2020-04-14 | 南京千亩休闲农业发展有限公司 | Breeding method of high stress resistance blueberry variety |
| CN111512735A (en) * | 2020-05-25 | 2020-08-11 | 云南省农业科学院高山经济植物研究所 | Treatment method for promoting blueberry seed germination |
| CN114402739A (en) * | 2022-02-12 | 2022-04-29 | 江苏省中国科学院植物研究所 | Method for quickly obtaining large amount of high-purity blueberry seeds |
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| CN114402739A (en) * | 2022-02-12 | 2022-04-29 | 江苏省中国科学院植物研究所 | Method for quickly obtaining large amount of high-purity blueberry seeds |
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