CN110432116B

CN110432116B - Preparation method of cuttage substrate for tree species difficult to root

Info

Publication number: CN110432116B
Application number: CN201910886961.XA
Authority: CN
Inventors: 刁松锋; 傅建敏; 李华威; 韩卫娟; 李树贺; 孙鹏; 索玉静; 李芳东; 刘金凤
Original assignee: Institute Of Economic Forestry Chinese Academy Of Forestry Sciences
Current assignee: Institute Of Economic Forestry Chinese Academy Of Forestry Sciences
Priority date: 2019-09-19
Filing date: 2019-09-19
Publication date: 2023-01-10
Anticipated expiration: 2039-09-19
Also published as: CN110432116A

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for preparing a cuttage matrix for tree species difficult to root, which comprises the following steps: (1) preparing a crushed material; (2) preparing tree root water; (3) preparing a substrate humidity control solution; (4) preparing a cutting substrate to be fermented; and (5) fermenting the cutting medium. The substrate prepared by the invention can obviously promote the tree species which are difficult to root by cutting, improve the rooting rate, reduce the days required for rooting and increase the rooting number and the rooting length of the cutting slips.

Description

Preparation method of cuttage substrate for tree species difficult to root

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of matrix preparation. In particular to a preparation method of a cuttage substrate of a tree species difficult to root.

Background

The substrate is one of the important factors for rooting and growing of the cuttage, so that the proper cuttage substrate is selected during the cuttage. The common cutting media such as fine sand and vermiculite are widely used because of good water retention and air permeability, low price and easy acquisition. However, for the tree species difficult to root, the requirements of moisture content, fertilizer content and air permeability in the substrate need to be controlled specially, and the cuttage rooting rate is not high only by adopting the common cuttage substrate.

Disclosure of Invention

Therefore, the technical problem to be solved by the invention is to improve the preparation method of the cutting medium for the tree species difficult to root, which can improve the rooting rate of cutting.

In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the following technical scheme:

a preparation method of a cuttage matrix for tree species difficult to root comprises the following steps:

(1) Preparing a crushed material;

(2) Preparing tree root water;

(3) Preparing a substrate humidity control solution;

(4) Preparing a cutting substrate to be fermented;

(5) And (5) fermenting the cutting medium to obtain the cutting medium for the tree species difficult to root.

The preparation method of the cuttage substrate for the tree species difficult to root comprises the following steps in the step (1):

(1-1) spraying 500 times of carbendazim solution to wet the whole tree one week before the tree leaves fall;

(1-2) collecting withered leaves and trimmed branches in the step (1-1), pulverizing the withered leaves and trimmed branches and straws of leguminous crops in the current year by using a pulverizer, and sieving by using a 200-mesh sieve to obtain a pulverized material; the mass ratio of the sum of the mass of the withered leaves and the pruned branches to the mass of the straws of the leguminous crops in the current year is (100-200): 1.

in the step (2), the root of the target tree to be cut is boiled in water, and the mass ratio of the root to the water is 1: (20-25), the boiling time of the root boiling water is more than or equal to 6h; and filtering the tree root, and cooling the filtrate to obtain the tree root water.

In the step (3), the tree root water prepared in the step (2) is used as a solvent, and citric acid, potassium permanganate and carbendazim are used as solutes to prepare the substrate humidity control solution.

The preparation method of the cuttage substrate for the tree species difficult to root comprises the following steps of: the mass fraction of the citric acid is 1 percent, the mass fraction of the potassium permanganate is 1 per mill, and the concentration of the carbendazim is that 1g of the carbendazim is added into every 1000mL of root water.

The preparation method of the cuttage substrate for the tree species difficult to root comprises the following steps in the step (4):

(4-1) spraying the ground material prepared in the step (1) with the matrix humidity control liquid prepared in the step (3) to obtain a wet spraying ground material; the humidity of the wet sprayed crushed materials is that the wet sprayed crushed materials are held by hands: the hand is wet but does not drip water;

(4-2) uniformly stirring and turning the wet sprayed and crushed substances, a humic acid fermenting agent, urea, a trace element compound fertilizer, yellow core soil and fine sand to obtain a mixed material, and spraying a moisture control solution again during mixing to obtain a cuttage substrate to be fermented; the humidity of the cuttage substrate to be fermented is that the cuttage substrate to be fermented is held by hands: hands are wet but do not drip.

According to the preparation method of the cuttage substrate for the tree species difficult to root, the mass ratio of the humic acid leavening agent, urea, the trace element compound fertilizer, yellow core soil, fine sand and the wet spraying crushed material is 5; sieving fine sand and yellow core soil with 120 mesh sieve.

According to the preparation method of the cuttage substrate for the tree species difficult to root, in the step (5), the cuttage substrate to be fermented is piled into the fermentation pile with the height less than or equal to 1.8m and the width less than or equal to 2.0m for fermentation, and the substrate is dark brown after the fermentation is finished, so that the cuttage substrate for the tree species difficult to root is obtained; the fermentation temperature is more than or equal to 15 ℃ and less than or equal to 70 ℃.

The preparation method of the cuttage substrate for the tree species difficult to root comprises the following fermentation time: less than or equal to 7 days in summer and less than or equal to 15 days in winter.

The preparation method of the cuttage substrate for the tree species difficult to root comprises the step of turning over once every two days in summer and once every four days in winter in the fermentation process.

The technical scheme of the invention achieves the following beneficial technical effects:

the cuttage matrix prepared by the invention can obviously promote the cuttage rooting of the tree species difficult to root, improve the rooting rate, reduce the days required for rooting and increase the rooting number and root length of the cutting slips.

Drawings

FIG. 1 shows an example of a persimmon tree shoot to be subjected to cuttage in month 6;

FIG. 2 is the 6 month cuttage test in example 1: a sample 20 days after persimmon tree twig cutting rooting;

FIG. 3 shows the 6 month cuttage test in comparative example 1: a sample 20 days after persimmon tree twig cutting rooting;

fig. 4 is a 6 month cuttage trial in comparative example 2: a sample 20 days after persimmon tree twig cutting rooting;

FIG. 5 is a sample of persimmon tree twigs to be cut in 7 months;

FIG. 6 shows the 7 month cuttage test in example 1: a sample of 5 days after persimmon tree twig cutting rooting;

fig. 7 is the 7 month cuttage test in comparative example 1: a sample of 5 days after persimmon tree twig cutting rooting;

fig. 8 is the 7 month cuttage test in comparative example 2: and (5) performing example after persimmon tree twig cutting rooting.

Detailed Description

1. Preparation of cuttage substrate for tree species difficult to root

(1) Preparing a crushed material;

(1-1) spraying 500 times of carbendazim solution (1 g of carbendazim is added into 500mL of water) to wet the whole tree one week before the tree leaves fall;

(1-2) collecting withered leaves and trimmed branches withered and pruned in the step (1-1) and soybean straws of the current year

Pulverizing with a pulverizer, and sieving with 200 mesh sieve to obtain pulverized material; the mass ratio of the sum of the mass of the withered leaves and the mass of the pruned branches to the mass of the straws of the leguminous crops in the current year is 100:1.

(2) Preparing tree root water; boiling water by using the root of the cuttage target tree, wherein the mass ratio of the root to the water is 1:20, boiling the tree roots with water for 7 hours; and filtering the tree root, and cooling the filtrate to obtain the tree root water.

Cutting the root of the target tree: namely, the persimmon tree root is boiled with water when the persimmon tree is cut, the walnut tree root is boiled with water when the walnut tree is cut, the hazel tree root is boiled with water when the hazel tree is cut, and the mulberry root is boiled with water when the mulberry tree is cut.

(3) Preparing a substrate humidity control solution; the tree root water is used as a solvent, and citric acid, potassium permanganate and carbendazim are used as solutes to prepare the substrate humidity control solution. In the substrate humidity control liquid: the mass fraction of the citric acid is 1 percent, the mass fraction of the potassium permanganate is 1 per mill, and the carbendazim is 1000 times liquid (namely, 1g of the carbendazim is added into every 1000mL of tree root water). Carbendazim is a commercially available product, guoguang carbendazim and wettable powder, the content of active ingredients is 50%, the carbendazim is produced by Sichuan Guoguang agrichemical chemical Co., ltd, and the product standard number is as follows: HG3290-2000, pesticide registration certificate number: PD85150-35, pesticide production license number: XK 13-003-01011).

(4) Preparing a cutting substrate to be fermented;

(4-1) spraying the ground material prepared in the step (1) with the substrate humidity control solution prepared in the step (3), wherein the humidity is that of the ground material held by hand: hands wet but not drip water;

(4-2) uniformly stirring and turning the crushed substances, a humic acid fermenting agent, urea, a trace element compound fertilizer, yellow core soil and fine sand, and spraying a moisture control solution again during mixing to obtain a cuttage substrate to be fermented; the substrate becomes black brown at this time; humidity is the crushed material held by hand: hands wet but do not drip. The humic acid leaven is a product sold in the market, namely RW (straw type) rot promoting agent produced by Living beings Biotechnology development Limited company in the market, and No. 0662 of microbial fertilizer (2010).

The mass ratio of the humic acid leavening agent to the urea to the trace element compound fertilizer to the yellow core soil to the fine sand to the crushed material is as follows: 5:5:1:20:1:1000. The microelement compound fertilizer is a commercial product, is produced by Sumba chemical (China) Limited company of Switzerland (eight King, omieleaumie brand), and has the main technical indexes of: the content of chelated calcium is 12%, the content of magnesium oxide is 5%, the content of silicon dioxide is 5%, the content of nitrate nitrogen is 12%, the content of boron is 2%, the content of chelated zinc is 3%, the content of chelated iron is 4%, the content of chelated copper is 0.5%, the content of chelated manganese is 0.2%, and the content of molybdenum is 0.001%.

(5) And (5) fermenting the cutting medium.

Stacking the cuttage substrate to be fermented into a fermentation pile with the height less than or equal to 1.8m, the width less than or equal to 2.0m and the length capable of being controlled by a user, and fermenting to obtain the cuttage substrate after the fermentation is finished; the fermentation temperature is more than or equal to 15 ℃ and less than or equal to 70 ℃. In the cutting process, the effect of fermentation is not good when the temperature is lower than 15 ℃, so the fermentation is needed in a greenhouse in winter.

Less than or equal to 7 days in summer and less than or equal to 15 days in winter. In the fermentation process, the fermentation pile is turned over once every two days in summer and once every four days in winter, which is equivalent to supplying oxygen to the fermentation pile.

2. Cutting test

Example 1

The cutting medium is the cutting medium of the tree species difficult to root prepared in the preparation of the cutting medium of the tree species difficult to root, the cutting time is respectively 6 months and 5 days, and 7 months and 5 days, and the cutting shoot is the current-year twig.

Comparative example 1

The matrix of comparative example 1 was peatmoss: perlite: vermiculite =3, 1 (mass ratio), the cutting time is 6 months and 5 days, and 7 months and 5 days, and the cutting shoot is the current-year tender branch.

Comparative example 2

The matrix of comparative example 2 was peatmoss: loess: river sand =3, the cuttage time is 6 months and 5 days, and 7 months and 5 days, respectively, and the cutting shoot is the current-year tender branch.

The walnut, the hazelnut and the mulberry are subjected to cuttage according to a conventional cuttage method in the prior art, and the method is specifically referred to the following prior art:

the walnut cuttage method comprises the following steps: the regulation and control effect of exogenous IBA on the activity of related enzymes in the cutting and rooting processes of apocarya twig, jiangsu agricultural science, 46 th volume in 2018, 7 th stage, and pages 152-154.

The hazelnut cuttage method comprises the following steps: the technology for raising seedlings by cutting green branches of hazelnuts, hebei fruit trees, 2017 (2), page 52.

The mulberry cuttage method comprises the following steps: a technology for raising seedlings of ramulus et folium mori by cutting comprises the steps of 'Protect forest science and technology', 1 month in 2017, stage 1 (total 160), and pages 120-121.

The persimmon tree cuttage method comprises the following steps:

(A-1) preparing branches;

(A-1-1) shoot selection: the inner branches of the annual persimmon plants from 5 to 7 ten days of the month;

(A-1-2) pretreatment for pruning: spraying a lysis solution to branches to be used for cuttage once every 2 days from half a month before cuttage;

the lysis solution consists of the following components: potassium indolebutyrate, potassium naphthylacetate, brassinolide, citric acid and potassium dihydrogen phosphate; the concentration of the potassium indolebutyrate salt is 100mg/mL, the concentration of the potassium naphthylacetate salt is 100mg/mL, the concentration of the brassinolide is 0.01mg/mL, the mass fraction of the citric acid is 0.02 per thousand, and the mass fraction of the potassium dihydrogen phosphate is 0.01 per thousand.

(A-1-3) pruning treatment: the length of the branch is 10-15cm, oblique shearing is carried out at a position 1cm away from a leaf bud at the base part, horizontal shearing is carried out at a position 1cm away from the leaf bud at the top part, and 1-2 half leaves are required to be reserved;

(A-1-4) treatment of shoots before insertion: soaking the branches in a soaking solution for soaking treatment before cuttage;

the soaking solution consists of the following components: potassium indolebutyrate, potassium naphthylacetate, brassinolide, citric acid and sucrose; the concentration of the potassium indolebutyrate salt is 100mg/mL, the concentration of the potassium naphthylacetate salt is 100mg/mL, the concentration of the brassinolide is 0.01mg/mL, the mass fraction of the citric acid is 0.02 per mill, and the mass fraction of the sucrose is 0.1%; the soaking time of the branches is 24h, and the soaking solution is replaced every 6 h.

(A-2) seedbed preparation; the width of the seedbed is 1.2m, the depth of the seedbed is 30cm, a cuttage matrix is filled in the seedbed, and the cuttage matrix is sterilized by 500 times of carbendazim before cuttage.

(A-3) cutting;

(A-3-1) dipping the branches in hormone liquid for 30s during cuttage; the hormone liquid consists of the following components: indolebutyric acid, naphthylacetic acid, and brassinolide; the concentration of indolebutyric acid is 100mg/mL, the concentration of naphthylacetic acid is 100mg/mL, and the concentration of brassinolide is 0.01mg/mL;

(A-3-2) the cuttage depth is 2/3 of the branch;

and (A-3-3) cuttage needs to be carried out in the evening, and nutrient solution is sprayed on the leaf surfaces immediately after cuttage is finished, but water is not needed for sprinkling on a seedbed. After cuttage, nutrient solution is sprayed immediately, but watering cannot be carried out, because the nutrient solution not only keeps but also can promote the leaves to absorb nutrient substances, hormones and the like in the nutrient solution; once the nutrient solution is poured, the nutrient solution just sprayed is poured; in the evening, the leaves are sprayed with the nutrient solution to keep moisture sufficiently, so that the seedbed is watered thoroughly the next morning.

(A-4) daily management;

(A-4-1) cutting, and watering the seedbed thoroughly in the next morning;

(A-4-2) keeping the humidity of the cuttage greenhouse to be more than or equal to 80% and the temperature to be 20-33 ℃;

(A-4-3) spraying nutrient solution with carbendazim concentration of 800 times to the leaf surface and the seedbed every 5 days.

The nutrient solution in steps (A-3) and (A-4) is composed of the following components: potassium indolebutyrate, potassium naphthylacetate, brassinolide, citric acid, sucrose and potassium dihydrogen phosphate; the concentration of the potassium indolebutyrate salt is 100mg/mL, the concentration of the potassium naphthylacetate salt is 100mg/mL, the concentration of the brassinolide is 0.01mg/mL, the mass fraction of the citric acid is 0.02 per thousand, the mass fraction of the sucrose is 0.1 percent, and the mass fraction of the potassium dihydrogen phosphate is 0.01 per thousand.

3. Results of cutting test

The substrates of comparative example 1 and comparative example 2 are two conventional cuttage bases in the prior art.

As shown in tables 1 and 2, for four difficult-to-root tree species: and (4) counting the rooting rate, the days needed for rooting, the rooting quantity and the rooting length of the persimmons, the walnuts, the hazelnuts and the mulberries in different matrixes.

TABLE 1 cuttage test results on 5 days in 6 months

TABLE 2 cuttage test results on 5 days in month and 7

As can be seen from tables 1 and 2: for persimmon trees, walnuts, hazelnuts and mulberry trees, the rooting rate, the number of days required for rooting, the average number of roots after rooting for 10 days and the average root length after rooting for 10 days are all obviously superior to those of the conventional cuttage substrate by using the cuttage substrate.

It should be understood that the above examples are only for clarity of illustration and are not intended to limit the embodiments. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. And obvious variations or modifications are possible which remain within the scope of the appended claims.

Claims

1. The preparation method of the cuttage substrate for the tree species difficult to root is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) Preparing a crushed material;

(1-2) collecting withered leaves and trimmed branches in the step (1-1), pulverizing the withered leaves and trimmed branches and straws of leguminous crops in the current year by using a pulverizer, and sieving by using a 200-mesh sieve to obtain a pulverized material; the mass ratio of the sum of the mass of the withered leaves and the pruned branches to the mass of the straws of the leguminous crops in the current year is (100-200): 1;

(2) Preparing tree root water; boiling water by using the root of the cuttage target tree, wherein the mass ratio of the root to the water is 1: (20-25), the boiling time of the root boiling water is more than or equal to 6h; filtering the tree root to obtain filtrate, and cooling to obtain tree root water;

(3) Preparing a substrate humidity control solution; preparing a substrate humidity control solution by taking the tree root water prepared in the step (2) as a solvent and citric acid, potassium permanganate and carbendazim as solutes;

(4) Preparing a cutting substrate to be fermented;

(4-1) spraying the ground substance prepared in the step (1) with the matrix humidity control liquid prepared in the step (3) to obtain a sprayed and wet ground substance; the humidity of the wet-sprayed crushed materials is that the wet-sprayed crushed materials are held by hands: the hand is wet but does not drip water;

(4-2) uniformly stirring and turning the wet sprayed and crushed substances, a humic acid fermenting agent, urea, a trace element compound fertilizer, yellow core soil and fine sand to obtain a mixed material, and spraying a moisture control solution again during mixing to obtain a cuttage substrate to be fermented; the humidity of the cuttage substrate to be fermented is that the cuttage substrate to be fermented is held by hands: hands wet but not drip water;

(5) Fermenting the cutting medium to obtain the cutting medium of the tree species difficult to root;

piling a cuttage substrate to be fermented into a fermentation pile with the height less than or equal to 1.8m and the width less than or equal to 2.0m, and fermenting, wherein the substrate is dark brown after the fermentation is finished, so as to obtain the cuttage substrate for the tree species difficult to root; the fermentation temperature is more than or equal to 15 ℃ and less than or equal to 70 ℃;

in the substrate humidity control liquid: the mass fraction of the citric acid is 1 percent, the mass fraction of the potassium permanganate is 1 per thousand, and the concentration of the carbendazim is 1g of the carbendazim added into each 1000mL of root water;

the mass ratio of the humic acid fermenting agent to the urea to the trace element compound fertilizer to the yellow core soil to the fine sand to the wet-sprayed crushed material is 5; sieving fine sand and yellow core soil with 120 mesh sieve;

the fermentation time is as follows: less than or equal to 7 days in summer and less than or equal to 15 days in winter;

in the fermentation process, the fermentation tank is turned over once every two days in summer and once every four days in winter;

treatment of shoots before insertion: soaking the branches in a soaking solution for soaking treatment before cuttage;

the soaking solution consists of the following components: potassium indolebutyrate, potassium naphthylacetate, brassinolide, citric acid and sucrose; the concentration of the potassium indolebutyrate is 100mg/mL, the concentration of the potassium naphthylacetate is 100mg/mL, the concentration of the brassinolide is 0.01mg/mL, the mass fraction of the citric acid is 0.02 per mill, and the mass fraction of the sucrose is 0.1%; the soaking time of the branches is 24 hours, and the soaking solution is replaced every 6 hours;

during cuttage, soaking the branches in hormone liquid for 30s; the hormone solution consists of the following components: indolebutyric acid, naphthylacetic acid, and brassinolide; the concentration of indolebutyric acid is 100mg/mL, the concentration of naphthylacetic acid is 100mg/mL, and the concentration of brassinolide is 0.01mg/mL;

the cutting depth is 2/3 of the branch.