CN110432054A - A kind of Moraceae ficus species ground long climing thick root seedling fostering method of fruit - Google Patents

Abstract

A kind of the invention proposes Moraceae ficus species the long climing thick root seedling fostering method of fruit, the following steps are included: ground fruit seedling variety selection: selecting edible meter fruit kind, its varietal characteristic are as follows: dark green, it is fine and smooth, leaf surface tumor point is few, brown color, surface is smooth, there is white pubescence, nascent adventitious root is red, pulp thickness, pink, it is soft, it is savory, taste is fresh and sweet, provenance seedling is cultivated: provenance seedling selection method, in field, selection is a certain number of has growth and well-grown ground fruit sampling point in flakes, ground fruit can be cultivated the seedling for reaching long climing strengthening root by this method, transplanting is without seedling-slowing stage, high survival rate, intensive seedling production, period cost before greatly saving, effectively shorten growth period of the ground fruit seedling from seedling to high yield, it is obviously shortened the low yield time limit of ground fruit seedling, for educating fruit cultivation, because vines are long, current year ties Fruit and fruiting quantities are more, to obtain high yield and efficiently establishing good basis.

Description

A kind of Moraceae ficus species ground long climing thick root seedling fostering method of fruit

Technical field

The present invention relates to field of plant growing technology, specially a kind of Moraceae ficus species ground long climing thick root seedling fostering of fruit Method.

Background technique

Medium moist environment, aerial root palpus shape are born in ground fruit category Moraceae Ficus perennial evergreen liana, happiness, and vines are crawled The growth of patch ground is sought connections on Yu Shushi, and adaptability is extremely strong, drought-resistant, and also not tight to soil requirement, coverage is big, and the green phase is long, no It needs to trim, and resistance to trample, has effects that the solid soil of good sand prevention；Its fruit protein content is higher, Amino Acids in Proteins kind Class composition it is relatively reasonable, also be rich in dietary fiber, carrotene, giving off a strong fragrance assails the nostrils when mature, fruit it is fragrant and sweet as honey, strong fragrance can people, It is a kind of fruit full of nutrition, complete stool can be used as medicine, and have effects that wind-dispelling except temperature, clearing and activating the channels and collaterals, ground fruit is to collect edible, medicine With, afforest, watch in the multi-purpose plant of one, " domesticating and cultivating of wild country melon and development and utilization are studied " of Li Jieyu et al. Its cultivation technique is (one) selection of land and site preparation, (two) shading, (three) propagation method: 1 cutting propagation, 2 mound layerings, (four) field Management, (five) pick and process, using this method can make wildly fruit enter artificial cultivation Land use systems, certain fruit can be obtained Real yield and root yield, but the ground fruit that background above technology is cultivated is difficult to cultivate the seedling for reaching climing long stem thickness root and strengthening, is High-yield and high-efficiency establishes the effect of good basis.

Summary of the invention

The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the existing defects, and fruit is long climing thick with providing a kind of Moraceae ficus species Root seedling fostering method, hardly possible can cultivate the effect for reaching the strong seedling of climing long stem thickness root, establishing good basis for high-yield and high-efficiency Fruit can effectively solve the problems in background technique.

To achieve the above object, the present invention proposes: a kind of Moraceae ficus species ground long climing thick root seedling fostering method of fruit, packet Include following steps:

S1 fruit seedling variety selection): edible meter fruit kind, varietal characteristic are selected are as follows: dark green, fine and smooth, leaf surface Tumor point is few, and brown color, surface is smooth, has white pubescence, and adventitious root of coming into being is red, pulp thickness, pink, it is soft, have perfume (or spice) Taste, taste are fresh and sweet；

S2) provenance seedling is cultivated:

1, provenance seedling selection method, in field, selection is a certain number of has growth and well-grown ground fruit sampling point in flakes, in Fruit maturation period is leaf characteristic identification: the ground fruit plant that selection blade is dark green, fine and smooth, leaf surface tumor point is few first；Secondly Be to stolon identify: to the plant chosen open blade select under it for brown color, surface is smooth, have white pubescence, The stolon of nascent adventitious root red；The third is fruit is identified: excavating the soil under the stolon chosen, select on stolon Ground fruits be pulp thickness, pink, plant soft, savory, taste is fresh and sweet, that is, be determined as edible meter fruit Kind sample strain；

2, listing mark is carried out to the whole sample strains chosen；

3, to other than whole sample strains all ground fruit stolon and weeds be purged；

4, whole fruits in whole sample strains are extractd；

5, whole sample strains are poured and applies that 2-5 times nitrogenous, the compound fertilizer of phosphorus, potassium and microelement and matches according to certain liquid manure Rich water promotes sample strain robust growth；

S3) foundation of original seed farm and former seedling fostering original seedling fostering:

1, it plants the selection in nursery place: sunny, fertile soil, irrigation and drainage convenience, the sandy loam of traffic convenience being selected to plant Nursery；

2, site preparation: on ground, fruit sprouts grow before the kind nursery soil of selection was turned in 1-2 months, depth be 20- 60cm carries out ditching, ridging according to the wide 100-200cm in compartment, 30-80cm of furrow width, the high 15-50cm in compartment and makees compartment, to compartment face soil It is smooth to carry out hack；

3, sample strain is transplanted:

(1) lifting: after completing kind of nursery site preparation, Yu Diguo, which is sprouted, to be grown first 5-30 days, in the sample strain of fine day or cloudy day to selection It carries out the whole root that involves in a criminal case to dig, frame up after tying up, and be immediately sent to kind of a nursery planting site；

(2) open kind of a planting ditch: make cultivation compartment on middle line along its length, according to 10-20cm of furrow width, ditch depth 5- 20cm, ditch spacing 20-100cm ditch；

(3) sample strain seedling separation and processing: the stolon of sample strain is cut according to 10-20cm of length, clip dips in addition fungicide Plant ash carry out disinfection processing, can be planted after clip is dry；

(4) it plants: the stolon for the ground fruit sample young plant handled well is put along ditch extending direction, when plantation, stolon was straightened, It is put along one upper side of ditch, the fibrous root on stolon is made in order and is placed in kind of planting ditch, then piecewise hilling, fibrous root is embedded in soil In, vines expose native face；

4, it survives maintenance: irrigating root water immediately after the plantation of ground fruit sample young plant, in 20 days afterwards, carry out 2-5 sprays daily Water, guarantees here blade and stolon not dehydration wither, and is conducive to quickly be revival from transplanting；

5, field management: after sprouting sprouts blade development, that is, enter active growth period, field management includes:

(1) fertilizer and water management: after 1-2 young leaves of fruit seedling are fully deployed on ground, compound fertilizer's rich water is added using fresh grass retting rich water, is converted 50-300 times of dilution rich water of clear water are poured, and every 5-7 days primary, pour per acre apply 2000-5000 kilograms every time；

(2) vines comb: interim in vines elongation growth, the direction of growth of fruit seedling vines is arranged over the ground, hands over vines Fork overlapping, promotes to take root；

(3) it cuts weeds: in growth period, pulling out the weeds in ground fruit cultivation compartment at any time, do not win honour for ground fruit, strive water, strive fertilizer, really Protect ground fruit seedling fast-growth；

(4) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: in original seed fruit seedling growth period carries out chemical control to the pest and disease damage of generation in time；

S4) seedling fostering selection of land and site preparation:

1, trench digging divides compartment: to the seedling fostering place of selection, according to the wide 200-1000cm in compartment, determining, the furrow width in length visual field ground 50-100cm, 30-80cm of ditch depth carry out trench digging point compartment；

2, flat compartment surface: to compartment face carry out shovel height fill out it is low and tamp it is smooth；

S5 it) is laid with ground cloth: to smooth good compartment and ditch, being carried out all covering laying with ageing-resistant ground cloth, and buckled and carried out with iron wire The fastening of patch ground；

S6) seedling medium is prepared: using decomposed sawdust, bacteria residue, rice chaff, chicken manure and a small amount of ternary compound fertilizer, according to certain Ratio mixed preparing forms；

S7) production of seedling fostering device and installation: seedling fostering device is by umbrella shape lew, support frame, cultivating container, lifting rope bar It is constituted with lifting rope；

1, the production of umbrella shape lew and support frame；

2, the production of lifting rope bar: selection diameter is 2-6cm, length is greater than two coating steel pipes for supporting intercolumniation width, in umbrella shape circle It is symmetrically welded in arc connecting rod according to a fixed spacing；

3, lifting rope production and installation: the nylon rope, coir rope, the rope made of hemp of certain rugosity are selected, the ground of bondage is needed in corresponding cultivating container Fruit seedling position, by lifting rope bundled fixed on lifting rope bar, length supports to container domestic demand bondage fruit seedling base portion；

4, the production of cultivating container: container selects the ageing-resistant modeling of long 20-100cm, 20-80cm of width, 20-80cm of height Material cultivation case；

S8 water-fertilizer integral facility) is established:

1, the composition of water-fertilizer integral facility: by power supply point, water source point, suction pump, tank, match fertile pond, conveyance conduit, control Valve, drip irrigation pipe, water dropper are constituted；

2, water-fertilizer integral facility is built: power supply point: adaptable therewith according to nursery scale and the selection of matched suction pump Power supply, and install and take electric point, water source point: according to nursery place and periphery water source situation and the diversion of nursery scale to nursery place, Suction pump: suction pump is selected according to conditions such as nursery scale, dosage, power supplys, selects tank: according to nursery scale, water consumption Tank is built, with fertile pond: building 1-3 with fertile pond, conveyance conduit: according to conveying rich water according to nursery scale and rich water dosage Amount, selection can bear certain pressure intensity, corresponding bore, ageing-resistant master, lateral, control valve: according to nursery place rich water Conditions of demand rational deployment supervisor, branched pipe control valve, drip irrigation pipe: determine the size and length of drip irrigation pipe according to container for plant growth quantity Degree, each container install 1-4 water droppers；

S9) seedling is transplanted:

1, lifting: in ground fruit dormant period to sprouting period, the ground fruit Miao Lian root in original seed farm is dug, whole soil are removed；

2, seedling transportation: cultivation area is transported to the ground fruit seedling of digging in batches immediately, is placed in shady place, and carry out water spray guarantor It is wet；

3, seedling treatment: selection vines length cleans the soil in vines and blade with clear water in the ground fruit seedling of 50cm or more；

4, transplanted seedling tree: 1/3-the 1/2 of container is filled with prepared matrix before plantation, the ground fruit seedling vines that will be cleaned up In insertion transplanting folder, makes root system in order and be placed on container, then filled with prepared matrix to vines and flushed, take out transplanting Folder, the i.e. plant of completion seedling；

5, initial curing: ground fruit seedling sprinkles profoundly water to the matrix of container and carries out whole day spraying and moisturizing after planting, and promotes Survival rate of nursery stock；

S10) stolon bondage:

1, the bondage phase: the ground fruit seedling fostering phase was 4-November, and 7-8 months nurturing periods month: the ground fruit seedling general last ten-days period in March start Rudiment simultaneously steps into leaf stretching period, germinates a certain number of lateral buds on stolon and enters vigorous period, high temperature Summer Drought is raw It is long that slowly restoration ecosystem again after temperature reduces, into the 2nd secondary growth peak, stem can continue to extend and sprout lateral bud, and 12 Moon early and middle ten days growth is basic to stagnate；

2, bondage method: it is interim in vines elongation growth, over the ground fruit seedling vines with growth progress short rope rope or other durable tie up Tiing up object, gradually bondage is fixed on lifting rope by vines segmentation；

3, stem bondage is enclosed: when vines growing height reaches lifting rope top, after vines are unbinded, the stem of vines middle and lower part 2/3 Climing tortuous on cultivating container, 1/3 bondage on top is fixed on lifting rope, continues to grow up；

S11) growth period field management:

1, fertilizer and water management: after 1-2 young leaves of fruit seedling are fully deployed on ground, adding compound fertilizer's rich water using fresh grass retting rich water, converts clear 50-300 times of dilution rich water of water are poured, and every 5-7 days primary, pour per acre apply 2000-5000 kilograms every time；

2, it cuts weeds: in growth period, pulling out the weeds in container at any time, do not win honour for ground fruit, strive water, strive fertilizer, it is ensured that ground fruit Seedling fast-growth；

3, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: in original seed fruit seedling growth period carries out chemical control to the pest and disease damage of generation in time；

S12) extract fruit: stem end is climing over the ground in the nurturing period raw fruit and all gives manual removal in young fruit period, promotes stem Climing elongation growth；

S13) dormant period field management:

1, leaf is protected in diseases prevention；

2, dry branches and fallen leaves and the garden Bing Ye are removed: in next year 2 months December-, Yu Diguo dormant period, by the withered all ground fruit blade fallen And there is the blade of disease to carry out whole removings；

3, trimming and finishing: the sprouting side stem on stem end item stays 1-3 stipes over the ground, remaining is wiped out；

4, it applies fertilizer: converting 50-500 times of clear water using the organic fertilizer of oil cake cake retting and poured, pour apply 1000-5000 per acre Kilogram.

As a preferred technical solution of the present invention: the umbrella shape lew includes umbrella-type support column, umbrella shape connection Support rod, umbrella shape circular sliding slopes bar, film and film-pressing line:

(1) umbrella-type support column: selection diameter is 2-10cm, the coating steel pipe of 200-500cm of length does support column, according to dividing compartment The planning for putting container, it is according to 100-500cm of spacing that one end concrete of support column is vertical and on the middle line for putting compartment It is fixed in the soil in cultivation compartment；

(2) umbrella shape connection support bar: selection diameter is 2-6cm, length is greater than the wide coating steel pipe in compartment, is bisected into two sections, in away from It supports 10-50cm of top end except place, is carrying out vertical symmetry welding with support column installation straight line, it is ensured that weld on every support column The connecting rod connect is in the same plane；

(3) umbrella shape circular sliding slopes bar: selection diameter is 2-6cm, length is greater than support column endpoint and connection support bar both ends endpoint Arc length coating steel pipe, be bent into circular arc type；

(4) film: selecting ageing-resistant film, and width is greater than the length of umbrella shape circular sliding slopes bar, and film is covered on umbrella shape circle In arc connecting rod；

(5) film-pressing line: selecting iron wire or the rope with some strength, is placed on compression on film and bundled fixed is in connection branch Strut both ends.

Compared with prior art, it the beneficial effects of the present invention are: ground fruit can be cultivated to the seedling for reaching long climing strengthening root, moves It plants without seedling-slowing stage, high survival rate, intensive seedling production, period cost before greatly saving, effectively shortens ground fruit seedling from seedling to height The growth period of production, hence it is evident that the low yield time limit for shortening ground fruit seedling, for educating fruit cultivation, because vines are long, when annual bearing and fruiting quantities It is more, to obtain high yield and efficiently establishing good basis.

Specific embodiment

Below in conjunction with the embodiment of the present invention, technical scheme in the embodiment of the invention is clearly and completely described, Obviously, described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments；Based in the present invention Embodiment, every other embodiment obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts, all Belong to the scope of protection of the invention.

The present invention the following technical schemes are provided: a kind of Moraceae ficus species ground long climing thick root seedling fostering method of fruit, including Following steps:

S1 fruit seedling variety selection): edible meter fruit kind, varietal characteristic are selected are as follows: dark green, fine and smooth, leaf surface Tumor point is few, and brown color, surface is smooth, has white pubescence, and adventitious root of coming into being is red, pulp thickness, pink, it is soft, have perfume (or spice) Taste, taste are fresh and sweet；

S2) provenance seedling is cultivated:

1, provenance seedling selection method, in field, selection is a certain number of has growth and well-grown ground fruit sampling point in flakes, in Fruit maturation period is leaf characteristic identification: the ground fruit plant that selection blade is dark green, fine and smooth, leaf surface tumor point is few first；Secondly Be to stolon identify: to the plant chosen open blade select under it for brown color, surface is smooth, have white pubescence, The stolon of nascent adventitious root red；The third is fruit is identified: excavating the soil under the stolon chosen, select on stolon Ground fruits be pulp thickness, pink, plant soft, savory, taste is fresh and sweet, that is, be determined as edible meter fruit Kind sample strain；

2, listing mark is carried out to the whole sample strains chosen；

3, to other than whole sample strains all ground fruit stolon and weeds be purged；

4, whole fruits in whole sample strains are extractd；

5, whole sample strains are poured and applies that 5 times nitrogenous, the compound fertilizer of phosphorus, potassium and microelement and the fertilizer matched according to certain liquid manure Water promotes sample strain robust growth；

S3) foundation of original seed farm and former seedling fostering original seedling fostering:

1, it plants the selection in nursery place: sunny, fertile soil, irrigation and drainage convenience, the sandy loam of traffic convenience being selected to plant Nursery；

2, site preparation: on ground, fruit sprouts grow before the kind nursery soil of selection was turned in 2 months, depth 60cm, according to The wide 200cm in compartment, furrow width 80cm, the high 50cm in compartment carry out ditching, ridging and make compartment, and it is smooth to carry out hack to compartment face soil；

3, sample strain is transplanted:

(1) lifting: after completing kind of nursery site preparation, Yu Diguo, which is sprouted, to be grown first 30 days, fine day or cloudy day to the sample strain of selection into The whole root that involves in a criminal case of row is dug, and is framed up after tying up, and be immediately sent to kind of a nursery planting site；

(2) open kind of a planting ditch: make cultivation compartment on middle line along its length, according between furrow width 20cm, ditch depth 20cm, ditch It ditches away from 100cm；

(3) sample strain seedling separation and processing: the stolon of sample strain is cut according to length 20cm, clip dips in the grass of addition fungicide Wood ash carries out disinfection processing, can plant after clip is dry；

(4) it plants: the stolon for the ground fruit sample young plant handled well is put along ditch extending direction, when plantation, stolon was straightened, It is put along one upper side of ditch, the fibrous root on stolon is made in order and is placed in kind of planting ditch, then piecewise hilling, fibrous root is embedded in soil In, vines expose native face；

4, it survives maintenance: irrigating root water immediately after the plantation of ground fruit sample young plant, in 20 days afterwards, carry out 5 water sprays daily, Guarantee here blade and stolon not dehydration wither, is conducive to quickly be revival from transplanting；

5, field management: after sprouting sprouts blade development, that is, enter active growth period, field management includes:

(1) fertilizer and water management: after fruit seedling 2 young leaves in ground are fully deployed, compound fertilizer's rich water is added using fresh grass retting rich water, converts clear water 300 times of dilution rich water are poured, and every 7 days primary, pour per acre apply 5000 kilograms every time；

(2) vines comb: interim in vines elongation growth, the direction of growth of fruit seedling vines is arranged over the ground, hands over vines Fork overlapping, promotes to take root；

(3) it cuts weeds: in growth period, pulling out the weeds in ground fruit cultivation compartment at any time, do not win honour for ground fruit, strive water, strive fertilizer, really Protect ground fruit seedling fast-growth；

(4) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: in original seed fruit seedling growth period carries out chemical control to the pest and disease damage of generation in time；

S4) seedling fostering selection of land and site preparation:

1, trench digging divides compartment: to the seedling fostering place of selection, according to the wide 1000cm in compartment, determining, the furrow width 100cm in length visual field ground, Ditch depth 80cm carries out trench digging point compartment；

2, flat compartment surface: to compartment face carry out shovel height fill out it is low and tamp it is smooth；

S5 it) is laid with ground cloth: to smooth good compartment and ditch, being carried out all covering laying with ageing-resistant ground cloth, and buckled and carried out with iron wire The fastening of patch ground；

S6) seedling medium is prepared: using decomposed sawdust, bacteria residue, rice chaff, chicken manure and a small amount of ternary compound fertilizer, according to certain Ratio mixed preparing forms；

S7) production of seedling fostering device and installation: seedling fostering device is by umbrella shape lew, support frame, cultivating container, lifting rope bar It is constituted with lifting rope；

1, the production of umbrella shape lew and support frame, umbrella shape lew include umbrella-type support column, umbrella shape connection support bar, umbrella shape Circular sliding slopes bar, film and film-pressing line:

(1) umbrella-type support column: selection diameter is 10cm, the coating steel pipe of length 500cm does support column, puts container according to a point compartment Planning, and on the middle line for putting compartment, one end of support column is perpendicularly fixed at cultivation compartment with concrete according to spacing 500cm In soil；

(2) umbrella shape connection support bar: selection diameter is 6cm, length is greater than the wide coating steel pipe in compartment, two sections is bisected into, in away from branch Dagger top 50cm is carrying out vertical symmetry welding with support column installation straight line, it is ensured that the company welded on every support column except place Extension bar is in the same plane；

(3) umbrella shape circular sliding slopes bar: selection diameter is 6cm, length is greater than support column endpoint and connection support bar both ends endpoint The coating steel pipe of arc length, is bent into circular arc type；

(4) film: selecting ageing-resistant film, and width is greater than the length of umbrella shape circular sliding slopes bar, and film is covered on umbrella shape circle In arc connecting rod；

(5) film-pressing line: selecting iron wire or the rope with some strength, is placed on compression on film and bundled fixed is in connection branch Strut both ends；

2, the production of lifting rope bar: selection diameter is 6cm, length is greater than two coating steel pipes for supporting intercolumniation width, in umbrella shape circular arc It is symmetrically welded in connecting rod according to a fixed spacing；

3, lifting rope production and installation: the nylon rope, coir rope, the rope made of hemp of certain rugosity are selected, the ground of bondage is needed in corresponding cultivating container Fruit seedling position, by lifting rope bundled fixed on lifting rope bar, length supports to container domestic demand bondage fruit seedling base portion；

4, the production of cultivating container: container selects the ageing-resistant plastics cultivation case of long 100cm, width 80cm, height 80cm；

S8 water-fertilizer integral facility) is established:

1, the composition of water-fertilizer integral facility: by power supply point, water source point, suction pump, tank, match fertile pond, conveyance conduit, control Valve, drip irrigation pipe, water dropper are constituted；

2, water-fertilizer integral facility is built: power supply point: adaptable therewith according to nursery scale and the selection of matched suction pump Power supply, and install and take electric point, water source point: according to nursery place and periphery water source situation and the diversion of nursery scale to nursery place, Suction pump: suction pump is selected according to conditions such as nursery scale, dosage, power supplys, selects tank: according to nursery scale, water consumption Tank is built, with fertile pond: building 3 with fertile pond, conveyance conduit: according to conveying rich water according to nursery scale and rich water dosage Amount, selection can bear certain pressure intensity, corresponding bore, ageing-resistant master, lateral, control valve: according to nursery place rich water Conditions of demand rational deployment supervisor, branched pipe control valve, drip irrigation pipe: determine the size and length of drip irrigation pipe according to container for plant growth quantity Degree, each container install 4 water droppers；

S9) seedling is transplanted:

1, lifting: in ground fruit dormant period to sprouting period, the ground fruit Miao Lian root in original seed farm is dug, whole soil are removed；

2, seedling transportation: cultivation area is transported to the ground fruit seedling of digging in batches immediately, is placed in shady place, and carry out water spray guarantor It is wet；

3, seedling treatment: selection vines length cleans the soil in vines and blade with clear water in the ground fruit seedling of 50cm or more；

4, transplanted seedling tree: with the 1/2 of prepared matrix filling container before plantation, by the ground fruit seedling vines cleaned up insertion shifting It plants in folder, makes root system in order and be placed on container, then filled with prepared matrix to vines and flushed, take out transplanting folder, i.e., it is complete It is transplanted at seedling；

5, initial curing: ground fruit seedling sprinkles profoundly water to the matrix of container and carries out whole day spraying and moisturizing after planting, and promotes Survival rate of nursery stock；

S10) stolon bondage:

1, the bondage phase: the ground fruit seedling fostering phase was 4-November, and 7-8 months nurturing periods month: the ground fruit seedling general last ten-days period in March start Rudiment simultaneously steps into leaf stretching period, germinates a certain number of lateral buds on stolon and enters vigorous period, high temperature Summer Drought is raw It is long that slowly restoration ecosystem again after temperature reduces, into the 2nd secondary growth peak, stem can continue to extend and sprout lateral bud, and 12 Moon early and middle ten days growth is basic to stagnate；

2, bondage method: it is interim in vines elongation growth, over the ground fruit seedling vines with growth progress short rope rope or other durable tie up Tiing up object, gradually bondage is fixed on lifting rope by vines segmentation；

3, stem bondage is enclosed: when vines growing height reaches lifting rope top, after vines are unbinded, the stem of vines middle and lower part 2/3 Climing tortuous on cultivating container, 1/3 bondage on top is fixed on lifting rope, continues to grow up；

S11) growth period field management:

1, fertilizer and water management: after fruit seedling 2 young leaves in ground are fully deployed, compound fertilizer's rich water is added using fresh grass retting rich water, converts clear water 300 times of dilution rich water are poured, and every 7 days primary, pour per acre apply 5000 kilograms every time；

2, it cuts weeds: in growth period, pulling out the weeds in container at any time, do not win honour for ground fruit, strive water, strive fertilizer, it is ensured that ground fruit Seedling fast-growth；

3, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: in original seed fruit seedling growth period carries out chemical control to the pest and disease damage of generation in time；

S12) extract fruit: stem end is climing over the ground in the nurturing period raw fruit and all gives manual removal in young fruit period, promotes stem Climing elongation growth；

S13) dormant period field management:

1, leaf is protected in diseases prevention；

2, dry branches and fallen leaves and the garden Bing Ye are removed: in next year 2 months December-, Yu Diguo dormant period, by the withered all ground fruit blade fallen And there is the blade of disease to carry out whole removings；

3, trimming and finishing: the sprouting side stem on stem end item stays 3 stipes over the ground, remaining is wiped out；

4, it applies fertilizer: clear water 500 being converted using the organic fertilizer of oil cake cake retting and is poured again, pours apply 5000 kilograms per acre.

Benefit of the present invention: ground fruit can be cultivated to the seedling for reaching long climing strengthening root, transplanting is without seedling-slowing stage, high survival rate, collection Reduction nursery, period cost before greatly saving effectively shorten growth period of the ground fruit seedling from seedling to high yield, hence it is evident that shorten ground fruit The low yield time limit of seedling, for educating fruit cultivation, because vines are long, when annual bearing and fruiting quantities are more, to obtain high yield and efficiently establishing Good basis.

It although an embodiment of the present invention has been shown and described, for the ordinary skill in the art, can be with A variety of variations, modification, replacement can be carried out to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention by understanding And modification, the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended.

Claims (2)

1. a kind of Moraceae ficus species ground long climing thick root seedling fostering method of fruit, it is characterised in that: the following steps are included:

S1 fruit seedling variety selection): edible meter fruit kind, varietal characteristic are selected are as follows: dark green, fine and smooth, leaf surface Tumor point is few, and brown color, surface is smooth, has white pubescence, and adventitious root of coming into being is red, pulp thickness, pink, it is soft, have perfume (or spice) Taste, taste are fresh and sweet；

S2) provenance seedling is cultivated:

1, provenance seedling selection method, in field, selection is a certain number of has growth and well-grown ground fruit sampling point in flakes, in Fruit maturation period is leaf characteristic identification: the ground fruit plant that selection blade is dark green, fine and smooth, leaf surface tumor point is few first；Secondly Be to stolon identify: to the plant chosen open blade select under it for brown color, surface is smooth, have white pubescence, The stolon of nascent adventitious root red；The third is fruit is identified: excavating the soil under the stolon chosen, select on stolon Ground fruits be pulp thickness, pink, plant soft, savory, taste is fresh and sweet, that is, be determined as edible meter fruit Kind sample strain；

2, listing mark is carried out to the whole sample strains chosen；

3, to other than whole sample strains all ground fruit stolon and weeds be purged；

4, whole fruits in whole sample strains are extractd；

5, whole sample strains are poured and applies that 2-5 times nitrogenous, the compound fertilizer of phosphorus, potassium and microelement and matches according to certain liquid manure Rich water promotes sample strain robust growth；

S3) foundation of original seed farm and former seedling fostering original seedling fostering:

1, it plants the selection in nursery place: sunny, fertile soil, irrigation and drainage convenience, the sandy loam of traffic convenience being selected to plant Nursery；

2, site preparation: on ground, fruit sprouts grow before the kind nursery soil of selection was turned in 1-2 months, depth be 20- 60cm carries out ditching, ridging according to the wide 100-200cm in compartment, 30-80cm of furrow width, the high 15-50cm in compartment and makees compartment, to compartment face soil It is smooth to carry out hack；

3, sample strain is transplanted:

(1) lifting: after completing kind of nursery site preparation, Yu Diguo, which is sprouted, to be grown first 5-30 days, in the sample strain of fine day or cloudy day to selection It carries out the whole root that involves in a criminal case to dig, frame up after tying up, and be immediately sent to kind of a nursery planting site；

(2) open kind of a planting ditch: make cultivation compartment on middle line along its length, according to 10-20cm of furrow width, ditch depth 5- 20cm, ditch spacing 20-100cm ditch；

(3) sample strain seedling separation and processing: the stolon of sample strain is cut according to 10-20cm of length, clip dips in addition fungicide Plant ash carry out disinfection processing, can be planted after clip is dry；

(4) it plants: the stolon for the ground fruit sample young plant handled well is put along ditch extending direction, when plantation, stolon was straightened, It is put along one upper side of ditch, the fibrous root on stolon is made in order and is placed in kind of planting ditch, then piecewise hilling, fibrous root is embedded in soil In, vines expose native face；

4, it survives maintenance: irrigating root water immediately after the plantation of ground fruit sample young plant, in 20 days afterwards, carry out 2-5 sprays daily Water, guarantees here blade and stolon not dehydration wither, and is conducive to quickly be revival from transplanting；

5, field management: after sprouting sprouts blade development, that is, enter active growth period, field management includes:

(1) fertilizer and water management: after 1-2 young leaves of fruit seedling are fully deployed on ground, compound fertilizer's rich water is added using fresh grass retting rich water, is converted 50-300 times of dilution rich water of clear water are poured, and every 5-7 days primary, pour per acre apply 2000-5000 kilograms every time；

(2) vines comb: interim in vines elongation growth, the direction of growth of fruit seedling vines is arranged over the ground, hands over vines Fork overlapping, promotes to take root；

(3) it cuts weeds: in growth period, pulling out the weeds in ground fruit cultivation compartment at any time, do not win honour for ground fruit, strive water, strive fertilizer, really Protect ground fruit seedling fast-growth；

(4) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: in original seed fruit seedling growth period carries out chemical control to the pest and disease damage of generation in time；

S4) seedling fostering selection of land and site preparation:

1, trench digging divides compartment: to the seedling fostering place of selection, according to the wide 200-1000cm in compartment, determining, the furrow width in length visual field ground 50-100cm, 30-80cm of ditch depth carry out trench digging point compartment；

2, flat compartment surface: to compartment face carry out shovel height fill out it is low and tamp it is smooth；

S5 it) is laid with ground cloth: to smooth good compartment and ditch, being carried out all covering laying with ageing-resistant ground cloth, and buckled and carried out with iron wire The fastening of patch ground；

S6) seedling medium is prepared: using decomposed sawdust, bacteria residue, rice chaff, chicken manure and a small amount of ternary compound fertilizer, according to certain Ratio mixed preparing forms；

S7) production of seedling fostering device and installation: seedling fostering device is by umbrella shape lew, support frame, cultivating container, lifting rope bar It is constituted with lifting rope；

1, the production of umbrella shape lew and support frame；

2, the production of lifting rope bar: selection diameter is 2-6cm, length is greater than two coating steel pipes for supporting intercolumniation width, in umbrella shape circle It is symmetrically welded in arc connecting rod according to a fixed spacing；

3, lifting rope production and installation: the nylon rope, coir rope, the rope made of hemp of certain rugosity are selected, the ground of bondage is needed in corresponding cultivating container Fruit seedling position, by lifting rope bundled fixed on lifting rope bar, length supports to container domestic demand bondage fruit seedling base portion；

4, the production of cultivating container: container selects the ageing-resistant modeling of long 20-100cm, 20-80cm of width, 20-80cm of height Material cultivation case；

S8 water-fertilizer integral facility) is established:

1, the composition of water-fertilizer integral facility: by power supply point, water source point, suction pump, tank, match fertile pond, conveyance conduit, control Valve, drip irrigation pipe, water dropper are constituted；

2, water-fertilizer integral facility is built: power supply point: adaptable therewith according to nursery scale and the selection of matched suction pump Power supply, and install and take electric point, water source point: according to nursery place and periphery water source situation and the diversion of nursery scale to nursery place, Suction pump: suction pump is selected according to conditions such as nursery scale, dosage, power supplys, selects tank: according to nursery scale, water consumption Tank is built, with fertile pond: building 1-3 with fertile pond, conveyance conduit: according to conveying rich water according to nursery scale and rich water dosage Amount, selection can bear certain pressure intensity, corresponding bore, ageing-resistant master, lateral, control valve: according to nursery place rich water Conditions of demand rational deployment supervisor, branched pipe control valve, drip irrigation pipe: determine the size and length of drip irrigation pipe according to container for plant growth quantity Degree, each container install 1-4 water droppers；

S9) seedling is transplanted:

1, lifting: in ground fruit dormant period to sprouting period, the ground fruit Miao Lian root in original seed farm is dug, whole soil are removed；

2, seedling transportation: cultivation area is transported to the ground fruit seedling of digging in batches immediately, is placed in shady place, and carry out water spray guarantor It is wet；

3, seedling treatment: selection vines length cleans the soil in vines and blade with clear water in the ground fruit seedling of 50cm or more；

4, transplanted seedling tree: 1/3-the 1/2 of container is filled with prepared matrix before plantation, the ground fruit seedling vines that will be cleaned up In insertion transplanting folder, makes root system in order and be placed on container, then filled with prepared matrix to vines and flushed, take out transplanting Folder, the i.e. plant of completion seedling；

5, initial curing: ground fruit seedling sprinkles profoundly water to the matrix of container and carries out whole day spraying and moisturizing after planting, and promotes Survival rate of nursery stock；

S10) stolon bondage:

1, the bondage phase: the ground fruit seedling fostering phase was 4-November, and 7-8 months nurturing periods month: the ground fruit seedling general last ten-days period in March start Rudiment simultaneously steps into leaf stretching period, germinates a certain number of lateral buds on stolon and enters vigorous period, high temperature Summer Drought is raw It is long that slowly restoration ecosystem again after temperature reduces, into the 2nd secondary growth peak, stem can continue to extend and sprout lateral bud, and 12 Moon early and middle ten days growth is basic to stagnate；

2, bondage method: it is interim in vines elongation growth, over the ground fruit seedling vines with growth progress short rope rope or other durable tie up Tiing up object, gradually bondage is fixed on lifting rope by vines segmentation；

3, stem bondage is enclosed: when vines growing height reaches lifting rope top, after vines are unbinded, the stem of vines middle and lower part 2/3 Climing tortuous on cultivating container, 1/3 bondage on top is fixed on lifting rope, continues to grow up；

S11) growth period field management:

1, fertilizer and water management: after 1-2 young leaves of fruit seedling are fully deployed on ground, adding compound fertilizer's rich water using fresh grass retting rich water, converts clear 50-300 times of dilution rich water of water are poured, and every 5-7 days primary, pour per acre apply 2000-5000 kilograms every time；

2, it cuts weeds: in growth period, pulling out the weeds in container at any time, do not win honour for ground fruit, strive water, strive fertilizer, it is ensured that ground fruit Seedling fast-growth；

3, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: in original seed fruit seedling growth period carries out chemical control to the pest and disease damage of generation in time；

S12) extract fruit: stem end is climing over the ground in the nurturing period raw fruit and all gives manual removal in young fruit period, promotes stem Climing elongation growth；

S13) dormant period field management:

1, leaf is protected in diseases prevention；

2, dry branches and fallen leaves and the garden Bing Ye are removed: in next year 2 months December-, Yu Diguo dormant period, by the withered all ground fruit blade fallen And there is the blade of disease to carry out whole removings；

3, trimming and finishing: the sprouting side stem on stem end item stays 1-3 stipes over the ground, remaining is wiped out；

4, it applies fertilizer: converting 50-500 times of clear water using the organic fertilizer of oil cake cake retting and poured, pour apply 1000-5000 per acre Kilogram.

2. a kind of Moraceae ficus species according to claim 1 ground long climing thick root seedling fostering method of fruit, it is characterised in that: The umbrella shape lew includes umbrella-type support column, umbrella shape connection support bar, umbrella shape circular sliding slopes bar, film and film-pressing line:

(1) umbrella-type support column: selection diameter is 2-10cm, the coating steel pipe of 200-500cm of length does support column, according to dividing compartment The planning for putting container, it is according to 100-500cm of spacing that one end concrete of support column is vertical and on the middle line for putting compartment It is fixed in the soil in cultivation compartment；

(2) umbrella shape connection support bar: selection diameter is 2-6cm, length is greater than the wide coating steel pipe in compartment, is bisected into two sections, in away from It supports 10-50cm of top end except place, is carrying out vertical symmetry welding with support column installation straight line, it is ensured that weld on every support column The connecting rod connect is in the same plane；

(3) umbrella shape circular sliding slopes bar: selection diameter is 2-6cm, length is greater than support column endpoint and connection support bar both ends endpoint Arc length coating steel pipe, be bent into circular arc type；

(4) film: selecting ageing-resistant film, and width is greater than the length of umbrella shape circular sliding slopes bar, and film is covered on umbrella shape circle In arc connecting rod；

(5) film-pressing line: selecting iron wire or the rope with some strength, is placed on compression on film and bundled fixed is in connection branch Strut both ends.