CN110384823B - 基于丝素蛋白支架的仿生肝小叶及构建方法 - Google Patents

基于丝素蛋白支架的仿生肝小叶及构建方法 Download PDF

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CN110384823B
CN110384823B CN201910652964.7A CN201910652964A CN110384823B CN 110384823 B CN110384823 B CN 110384823B CN 201910652964 A CN201910652964 A CN 201910652964A CN 110384823 B CN110384823 B CN 110384823B
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王秀丽
魏国峰
刘铭
丁艳芳
魏晓晴
赵子楠
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Abstract

本发明公开一种能够理想维持肝细胞生长活性且可显著提高仿生肝小叶组织结构、表型以及功能的基于丝素蛋白支架的仿生肝小叶及构建方法,其支架是将丝素蛋白溶液经冷冻干燥所形成的具有放射状片层和片层间孔隙结构的丝素蛋白,通过顺序接种间质细胞和肝细胞,同时添加胶原作为培养基质,构建出一个复合共培养体系。多孔丝素蛋白支架不但能够为肝细胞提供三维生长空间,而且可支持肝细胞和间质细胞共生长及组织化,促进形成类肝小叶体外结构,从而显著提高肝细胞在体外培养过程中活性与功能。

Description

基于丝素蛋白支架的仿生肝小叶及构建方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种仿生肝小叶及构建方法,尤其是一种能够理想维持肝细胞生长活性且可显著提高仿生肝小叶组织结构、表型以及功能的基于丝素蛋白支架的仿生肝小叶及构建方法。
背景技术
肝小叶是以中央静脉为中心呈辐射状排列的肝板和相间排列的肝血窦形成了肝组织基本结构和功能单元,而生物人工肝(BAL)是治疗终末期肝病的重要手段。近年来应用组织工程与再生医学(TERM) 技术体外构建肝细胞培养模型已取得了一系列重要进展,其中,以肝细胞球形成为主要特征的组织工程化肝细胞培养模型最为经典。但是这些经自组装所形成的肝细胞球不但难于实现质控,而且还显著影响内部传质,更重要的是其结构与在体肝细胞所特有的高度组织性相差甚远。因此,很难实现肝细胞活性与功能的长期稳定性维持。此外,也有研究利用细胞层叠加技术(3D stacked-up)和基于微机电系统技术的生物构建技术(BioMEMS)通过微尺寸设计模拟细胞、生物物理和生物化学因子的时空分布,但遗憾的是该体系操作复杂且所提供的肝细胞数量过少,更难以满足BAL的转化应用或药物筛选评价的应用预期。目前,应用于肝细胞模型构建的支架(包括水凝胶和多孔支架材料)在结构上均不具备肝组织或肝小叶的仿生模拟特征。虽然新近也有研究采用3D打印支架来尝试微小人工肝/肝小叶的体外构建,但受限于打印墨水、细胞活性以及复杂的设计与操作,该相关构建研究尚不成熟。
发明内容
本发明是为了解决现有技术所存在的上述不足,提出一种能够理想维持肝细胞生长活性且可显著提高仿生肝小叶组织结构、表型以及功能的基于丝素蛋白支架的仿生肝小叶及构建方法。
本发明的技术解决方案是: 一种基于丝素蛋白支架的仿生肝小叶,有支架及置于支架上的肝细胞、间质细胞和细胞外基质,其特征在于:所述支架是将丝素蛋白溶液经冷冻干燥所形成的具有放射状片层和片层间孔隙结构的丝素蛋白支架。
一种上述基于丝素蛋白支架的仿生肝小叶的构建方法,其特征在于依次按照如下步骤进行:
a. 取质量浓度为5~6%的丝素蛋白溶液置于离心管内,快速将离心管垂直浸入液氮中放置4~5min后取出冷冻干燥48h,制得具有放射状片层及片层间孔隙结构的丝素蛋白;
b. 将丝素蛋白浸润于去离子水内,然后对丝素蛋白以放射状片层结构的中心汇聚点为圆心进行打孔取材,制得丝素蛋白支架;
c. 采用质量浓度0.05%的胶原溶液对丝素蛋白支架进行无菌预包被并吸除丝素蛋白支架内液体,先将间质细胞接种至丝素蛋白支架内并培养5~7天,之后再将肝细胞-胶原混合悬液接种至丝素蛋白支架内;
d. 将接种完成的丝素蛋白支架按照1个支架/孔的密度放置到多孔细胞培养板中,再将多孔细胞培养板置于细胞培养箱中,在37℃、5% CO2的条件下凝胶化1h,然后向多孔细胞培养板的每个孔中缓慢加入培养基后共培养20~30天,所述培养基为间质细胞培养基与肝细胞培养基按照体积比为1:1混合而成。
本发明采用具有仿生几何设计的多孔丝素蛋白为培养支架,通过顺序接种间质细胞和肝细胞,同时添加胶原作为培养基质,构建出一个复合共培养体系。多孔丝素蛋白支架不但能够为肝细胞提供三维生长空间,而且可支持肝细胞和间质细胞共生长及组织化,促进形成类肝小叶体外结构,从而显著提高肝细胞在体外培养过程中活性与功能。此外,多孔丝素蛋白支架本身价格低廉,制备工艺简单,其特有可调性机械强度特征及生物降解特性,使得该培养体系可实现规模制备且易于体内移植及回收。不但可推进BAL替代治疗,而且还可能为探讨有关肝细胞移植的相关研究或新药研发提供理想的模型体系。
附图说明
图1是本发明实施例制备的丝素蛋白支架的示意图及扫描电镜图。
图2是本发明实施例的细胞染色图。
图3是本发明实施例与对照组免疫荧光检测紧密连接蛋白ZO-1的表达与分布特征扫描电镜图。
图4是本发明实施例与对照组免疫荧光检测细胞生长状态扫描电镜图。
图5是本发明实施例培养的C3A肝细胞的白蛋白分泌(A)和尿素合成功能(B)示意图。
图6为利用qRT-PCR方法检测本发明实施例的方法对肝细胞功能性基因表达水平的影响示意图。
具体实施方式
本发明的一种基于丝素蛋白支架的仿生肝小叶,有支架及置于支架上的肝细胞、间质细胞和细胞外基质,所述支架是将丝素蛋白溶液经冷冻干燥所形成的具有放射状片层和片层间孔隙结构的丝素蛋白。
构建方法依次按照如下步骤进行:
a. 取质量浓度为5%的丝素蛋白溶液置于15mL塑料离心管内,快速将离心管垂直浸入液氮中放置5min,促使冰晶迅速生成并由周边向中间呈现辐射聚集生长,取出冷冻干燥48h,制得如图1所示具有放射状片层及片层间孔隙为30~40μm结构的丝素蛋白,通过调控丝素蛋白浓度可控制支架内所形成的片层拓扑结构及其力学特性。
b. 将丝素蛋白浸润于去离子水内,然后采用标准打孔器对丝素蛋白以放射状片层结构的中心汇聚点为圆心进行打孔取材,制得直径5mm,厚度1~2mm的丝素蛋白支架。
c. 采用质量浓度0.05%的胶原溶液对丝素蛋白支架进行无菌预包被(室温2~4h)并吸除丝素蛋白支架内液体,先将人脐带源血管内皮细胞(HUMVC)按照300,000细胞/支架接种至丝素蛋白支架内并培养7天,之后再将15μL人肝细胞(C3A)-胶原混合悬液接种至丝素蛋白支架内,人肝细胞与胶原的比例为40,000细胞/μL,即保证肝细胞数量为600,000cells/支架;
上述人肝细胞是将人肝细胞株C3A(ATCC, USA)常规培养于MEM培养基(Invitrogen)添加10%FBS(ScienCell),1% 抗生素(invitrogen),细胞生长至85~90%融合度时采用0.25%胰蛋白酶-EDTA溶液进行消化传代,传代比例为1:3所生成的人肝细胞。
上述人脐带源血管内皮细胞是将原代人脐带源血管内皮细胞(HUMVC,购置美国ScienCell)培养于EGM培养基(ScienCell),细胞生长至近90%融合度时进行1:3常规传代培养所生成的人脐带源血管内皮细胞。
所有细胞均培养于37 ℃,5%CO2 细胞培养箱内。
所述胶原选用BD Biosciences的产品。
d. 将接种完成的丝素蛋白支架按照1个支架/孔的密度放置到多孔细胞培养板中,再将多孔细胞培养板置于细胞培养箱中,在37℃、5% CO2的条件下凝胶化1h,然后向多孔细胞培养板的每个孔中缓慢加入培养基后共培养20~30天,构建出肝细胞-内皮细胞的三维共培养模型,所述培养基为间质细胞培养基与肝细胞培养基按照体积比为1:1混合而成。
实验:
一. 建立评价仿生肝小叶的形态学检测平台
肝细胞生长形态及活性检测:为了更好的观察本发明三维共培养体系内不同细胞,首先采用活细胞标记染料DiI 和DiO(Invitrogen)分别标记肝细胞和内皮细胞,培养20天后于激光共聚焦显微镜下直接观察。细胞活性染色采用calcein-AM/EthD-1 染色试剂盒(Invitrogen),37℃孵育2h,其余操作按说明书进行。染色后于激光共聚焦显微镜下观察、拍照并进行三维图像构建。
扫描电镜观察:所收集样品经PBS充分清洗后,2.5%戊二醛溶液前固定4~6 h,PBS充分清洗后经梯度酒精脱水处理,然后将样品冷冻干燥处理24h。干燥后样品经喷金15min后,于扫描电镜下观察拍照。无细胞的丝素蛋白支架经冷冻干燥后可直接喷金、观察拍照。
二.建立评价仿生肝小叶的功能活性评价平台:
白蛋白表达水平的检测:收集本发明实施例的三维培养样品并固定于4% PFA 溶液 (sigma),采用免疫荧光染色技术检测仿生支架内肝细胞的白蛋白表达情况。所采用抗体为anti- human ALB-FITC (BD Bioscience),孵育条件为4℃过夜,1:200工作浓度,平面培养组为对照。所述平面培养组是以本发明实施例同批次收集的人肝细胞(C3A)以相同密度分别直接接种于24孔板作为对照。
尿素合成检测:采集各组培养基,离心(10000转/分,10min)收集上清液并在-80°C下冷冻。采用Quantichrom尿素测定试剂盒(Bioassay Systems)测定每组培养基样品中的尿素浓度,具体操作依照试剂盒说明书进行。应用H4混合多模块微孔板检测仪(Bioteck)测量吸光度,通过尿素浓度-吸光度标准曲线来计算样品中尿素浓度。
定量RT-PCR测定代谢酶基因表达:收集样品,直接采用TRIZOL裂解细胞,RNAeasy试剂盒(Qiagen)提取总RNA后,采用high capacity cDNA archive kit和 TaqMan GeneExpression 试剂盒((ABI Biosystems)进行定量RT-PCR扩增。依据各目的基因的Ct值及内参基因的Ct值进行定量分析(ABI smart I),确定各目的基因的表达水平。所扩增基因的探针如下:hGAPDH(Hs99999905_m1),hCYP2B6((Hs004183483_g1),hCYP2E1(Hs00982061_m1),ABC1 (Hs00184500_m1), hCYP3A4(Hs00604506_m1), ALB(Hs00609411_m1)。
结果:
1. 本发明实施例丝素蛋白支架的表观形貌如图1所示。SEM检测可见:所制备的丝素蛋白支架形成呈放射状分布的片层状结构,相邻片层状结构间伴行孔隙,宽度约为30~40μm,孔隙也曾放射状分布,彼此相通,在支架的中心点汇聚。
2.细胞生长形态及活性:如图2所示,在具有几何设计的丝素蛋白支架上,HUVEC细胞贴附生长并呈现良好活性(绿色荧光),且沿着放射状片层结构生长分布;与C3A细胞共培养后,HUVEC细胞仍具有理想活性;而 C3A细胞在培养过程中,细胞数量增加,说明其增殖活性良好且活性染色呈绿色,仅有少量细胞死亡,显示红色荧光。活细胞标记图片提示:HUVEC细胞主要分布在支架的片层结构表面,而C3A生长分布于支架孔隙内,与HUVEC细胞相间分布于支架内。这种细胞生长和分布方式与在体肝小叶结构高度类似。
3. 类肝小叶结构的形态表征:体外培养30天后,如图3所示, A,B为本发明实施例组;C为对照组。免疫荧光检测显示:三维共培养体系内HUVEC细胞可形成大量的类血管样结构(CD31染色),该类血管样结构分布于C3A细胞所形成的类肝板结构内。这提示该共培养微环境利于HUVEC细胞自组装并形成类血管样结构。另一方面,C3A细胞紧密排列,形成类似肝细胞板结构;且彼此间形成紧密连接(ZO-1染色)---该结果提示:所培养的肝细胞彼此间能够建立细胞间连接。此外,值得指出的是该共培养体系内肝细胞间ZO-1的形成与分布模式显著区别于对照组(平面培养组)肝细胞,而与在体组织内的紧密连接的分布模式相类似。
4. 类肝小叶结构的功能表征:如图4所示,本发明实施例组中HUVEC形成类血管样结构(A, anti-CD31染色,红色荧光);而C3A细胞对比2D培养组(B对照组)高表达ALB(A,anti-ALB染色,绿色荧光)。与之相一致,C3A细胞分泌至培养基内的白蛋白水平也显著增加(P<0.05)。此外其尿素合成水平也比对照组有显著提高(P<0.05),如图5所示,C3A肝细胞的白蛋白分泌(A)和尿素合成功能(B)。该结果说明,基于本发明丝素蛋白支架所构建的三维共培养微环境能大大增强肝细胞的合成功能活性。
5. 类肝小叶结构的代谢酶基因表达评价:利用qRT-PCR方法检测本发明所述方法对肝细胞功能性基因表达水平的影响,细胞代谢功能进行评价的重要指标。结果如图6所示。经三维共培养后C3A细胞的多种功能活性相关基因包括 细胞色素代谢酶的基因及关键转录调控基因表水平均显著高于对照组。
以上这些都支持肝细胞在体外培养过程中的良好活性、组织化特征以及理想的表型和功能活性。

Claims (2)

1.一种基于丝素蛋白支架的仿生肝小叶,有支架及置于支架上的肝细胞、HUVEC细胞和细胞外基质,其特征在于:所述支架是将丝素蛋白溶液经冷冻干燥所形成的具有放射状片层和片层间孔隙结构的丝素蛋白支架。
2.一种如权利要求1所述基于丝素蛋白支架的仿生肝小叶的构建方法,其特征在于依次按照如下步骤进行:
a. 取质量浓度为5~6%的丝素蛋白溶液置于离心管内,快速将离心管垂直浸入液氮中放置4~5min后取出冷冻干燥48h,制得具有放射状片层及片层间孔隙结构的丝素蛋白;
b. 将丝素蛋白浸润于去离子水内,然后对丝素蛋白以放射状片层结构的中心汇聚点为圆心进行打孔取材,制得丝素蛋白支架;
c. 采用质量浓度0.05%的胶原溶液对丝素蛋白支架进行无菌预包被并吸除丝素蛋白支架内液体,先将HUVEC细胞接种至丝素蛋白支架内并培养5~7天,之后再将肝细胞-胶原混合悬液接种至丝素蛋白支架内;
d. 将接种完成的丝素蛋白支架按照1个支架/孔的密度放置到多孔细胞培养板中,再将多孔细胞培养板置于细胞培养箱中,在37℃、5% CO2的条件下凝胶化1h,然后向多孔细胞培养板的每个孔中缓慢加入培养基后共培养20~30天,所述培养基为HUVEC细胞培养基与肝细胞培养基按照体积比为1:1混合而成。
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