CN110367061A - The cultural method for preventing autumn cabbage downy mildew - Google Patents
The cultural method for preventing autumn cabbage downy mildew Download PDFInfo
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- CN110367061A CN110367061A CN201910753205.XA CN201910753205A CN110367061A CN 110367061 A CN110367061 A CN 110367061A CN 201910753205 A CN201910753205 A CN 201910753205A CN 110367061 A CN110367061 A CN 110367061A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/06—Coating or dressing seed
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/15—Leaf crops, e.g. lettuce or spinach
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of cultural methods for preventing autumn cabbage downy mildew, including selecting disease-resistant variety, seed treatment, selection of land fertilising application, ridging, beating cave, pipe laying, overlay film, bunch planting, seedling management, irrigation under film, covering canopy film, field Routine Management, using the method for the present invention, the disease incidence of Chinese cabbage downy mildew is controlled 0.1% or so, it is 1/20th of the disease incidence with the crop field Chinese cabbage downy mildew of annual Normal culture technique, output increased 20% or more.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of vegetable disease control, specifically a kind of cultural method for preventing and treating autumn cabbage downy mildew.
Background technique
Chinese cabbage autumn culture is the traditional planting type in China, and cultivated area is maximum.Autumn is in North China 1 year
Rainy season, humidity is big, and temperature is fluctuated, is especially susceptible to cause the prevalence of downy mildew.Downy mildew is a kind of fungal disease, is
One of big Major Diseases of Chinese cabbage three, in the plant disease epidemic time, Chinese cabbage strain disease incidence is up to 80%-90%, underproduction 30%-50%.Frost
Mildew is always to restrict the key factor of autumn cabbage production, is influenced very on the economic benefit of the growth quality of autumn cabbage and vegetable grower
Greatly.There is light green stigma in early stage face of blade, and scab is in yellow after expansion, is in polygonal because its extension is limited by vein
Shape.When there was dampness in the air, it is covered with white to the sparse mould layer (sporangiophore and sporangium) of canescence in blade back corresponding position.Scab becomes
When brown, whole blade turns yellow, and with the aging of blade, scab gradually dries up.After the Chinese cabbage packet phase, diseased plant blade is by outer
It inwardly dries up layer by layer, is only left lobus cardiacus ball when serious.The generation of downy mildew and weather conditions, varietal resistance and cultivation step etc. because
Element is closely related.The prior art is more to prevention and treatment autumn cabbage downy mildew report, wherein effective measure is still using anti-
Chemical control is used after sick kind and generation, does not eradicate the effective measures of the disease still.It is well known that air humidity is big and temperature
Height is that the pathogen breeds essential environmental factors that is fast, easily propagating, and one kind how is explored from cultivation management technology and passes through change
The cultivating and growing microenvironment of Chinese cabbage reduces or blocks the breeding of downy mildew pathogen and Spreading and diffusion, to reach reduction disease incidence
With the purpose for mitigating economic loss.
Summary of the invention
In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, it is an object of the present invention to provide a kind of cultural methods for preventing autumn cabbage downy mildew.
Technical scheme is as follows:
A kind of cultural method preventing autumn cabbage downy mildew, includes the following steps:
(1) disease-resistant variety is selected；
(2) seed treatment selects the seed of full seed, is pressed before sowing with 25% first frost MnZn or 50% thiram wettable powder
The 0.3% of seed weight is dressed seed, and is sowed after drying；
(3) selection of land fertilising application early July, the plot of fertile, the preceding non-crop in cruciferae of stubble in soil is selected, uses sufficient base fertilizer, together
When spread fertilizer over the fields insecticide and fungicide, plough deeply the thin rake sun and shine, eliminate pathogen and worm's ovum in soil；
(4) ridging, beat cave, pipe laying, overlay film mid-July, prolong plot East and West direction ridging, ridge is trapezoidal shape, 45~50 lis of ridge bottom width
Rice, 30~35 centimetres of ridge top width, ridge is 13~15 centimetres high, 50 centimetres of ridge spacing, stays walking for 100 centimetres of a spacing behind every 6~8 ridge
Road, longitudinal one gutter of every 50 meters of settings of ridging push up longitudinal center on ridge and beat a line cave, and 30~40 centimetres of hill spacing；By drip irrigation pipe
It is placed in the ridge side Ding Xue, the direction along ridge is laid with, and every trickle irrigation tubule is connected with trickle irrigation general pipeline, and junction is equipped with switch, so
Covering with ground sheeting ridge afterwards；
(5) the dotted button of bunch planting opens overlay film, the seed that step (2) are handled is sprinkling upon in cave, 5~10, every cave, blinding compacting；
(6) when seedling management seedling grows 1~2 true leaf, the 1st thinning, 2~3 plants of healthy seedlings are stayed in every cave；Seedling grows 3~4
When true leaf, the 2nd thinning, 1 plant of healthy seedling is stayed in every cave；
(7) under-film drip irrigation on the 1st~2 is irrigated after irrigation under film final singling, polynary multiple by the addition of 30 kgs/acre/time at trickle irrigation water source
Hefei Stanley dilution, until irrigation quantity ridge base portion moistens but do not ooze out bright water；
(8) the smooth pillar in 70~80 centimetres of high tops, column are arranged every 150~200 centimetres in the two sides in aisle for covering canopy film
Rope is pulled between sub- vertical and horizontal, canopy film is placed on pillar and rope, and before rainy days arrives, it is white that canopy film is opened covering
Dish takes off film in time after the sun shines again after the rain；
(9) field Routine Management controls each trickle irrigation water until Chinese cabbage base portion is wet, into after the heading stage, in dripping irrigation water
The dilution of detritus acid quick-acting fertilizer is added at source by 1 kg/acre/time；Once being put into polybag it was found that diseased plant is pulled out in time and taking out of
It is buried outside field, timely field examination is especially wanted after the rain, until harvest.
The cultural method of prevention autumn cabbage downy mildew of the invention, (1) is enhanced white by selecting disease-resistant variety from source
The disease resistance of dish itself.(2) pass through seed treatment, killed the pathogen of seed and its Soil Surrounding, facilitated Chinese cabbage degree
Spend in more than ten days seedling stages in vulnerable period.(3) ridging, the ridge cave Xiang Da type of seeding, the ventilation for substantially increasing Chinese cabbage are saturating
Light, reduces miniclimate humidity between strain, create Chinese cabbage can normal growth and be unfavorable for the environment item of Chinese cabbage downy mildew opportunistic pathogen breeding
Part.(4) measure of ridge paving drip irrigation pipe, overlay film, is irrigated, field of vegetables does not have bright water, does not have ponding, and Chinese cabbage obtains using under-film drip irrigation
To the moisture of demand, but on film, the air humidity of miniclimate is very low between Chinese cabbage, and therefore, irrigation will not give Chinese cabbage downy mildew opportunistic pathogen
Create onset environment.(5) covering canopy film, which is equivalent to, plays an a umbrella to Chinese cabbage, and when rainfall, rainwater flow to furrow from canopy film, or by
Soil absorption is drained from gutter, achievees the effect that after heavy rain to become a fine day in this way after taking off film, field after illumination in furrow without water
Humidity lower quickly, can also with cause be suitable for Chinese cabbage downy mildew opportunistic pathogen breeding environmental condition.(6) drip irrigation zone fertilizer, is being wrapped
In the field management of heart stage, the dilution of detritus acid quick-acting fertilizer is brought by trickle irrigation, play the role of promoting Chinese cabbage robust growth,
While improving Chinese cabbage product quality, the disease resistance of Chinese cabbage is enhanced.(7) it finds to remove in time when primary infection focus, make in field
Pay attention to observing at any time when industry, once discovery has diseased plant appearance, it is necessary to and it pulls out in time, removes pathogeny.Above-mentioned comprehensive heterosis phase
About 50% cost is increased in terms of managing recruitment than existing cultivation management, but passes through continuous test in 2 years, using the present invention
After method, the disease incidence of Chinese cabbage downy mildew is controlled 0.1% or so, about the crop field Chinese cabbage downy mildew with annual Normal culture technique
/ 20th of the disease incidence of disease, therefore, output increased 20% or more, compared with the conventional cultivation method, overcharge subtract increase at
This, increases economic efficiency significant.
Embodiment 1
5 mu of the plot in Shanxi Province, Dongguan village, Yanggao County selection fertile, the preceding non-crop in cruciferae of stubble in soil in 2017, using this
The cultural method of invention prevention autumn cabbage downy mildew, includes the following steps:
(1) white No. three of disease-resistant variety Shanxi is selected.
(2) seed treatment selects the seed of full seed, presses seed weight with 25% first frost mancozeb wettable powder before sowing
0.3% dress seed, sowed after drying.
(3) selection of land fertilising application early July, base fertilizer is used sufficient, while spreading fertilizer over the fields insecticide and fungicide, ploughs deeply the thin rake sun
It shines, eliminates pathogen and worm's ovum in soil.
(4) ridging, beat cave, pipe laying, overlay film mid-July, prolong plot East and West direction ridging, ridge is trapezoidal shape, 45 lis of ridge bottom width
Rice, 30 centimetres of ridge top width, ridge is 13 centimetres high, 50 centimetres of ridge spacing, the aisle of 100 centimetres of a spacing is stayed behind every 6 ridge, ridging is longitudinal
One gutter of every 50 meters of settings pushes up longitudinal hit exactly on ridge and beats a line cave, and 35 centimetres of hill spacing；Drip irrigation pipe is placed in the ridge side Ding Xue, it is suitable
The direction on ridge be laid with, every trickle irrigation tubule is connected with trickle irrigation general pipeline, and junction, which is equipped with, to be switched, then covering with ground sheeting ridge.
(5) the dotted button of bunch planting opens overlay film, the seed that step (2) are handled is sprinkling upon in cave, 5~10, every cave, blinding pressure
It is real.
(6) when seedling management seedling grows 1~2 true leaf, the 1st thinning, 2~3 plants of healthy seedlings are stayed in every cave；Seedling grows 3~
When 4 true leaves, the 2nd thinning, 1 plant of healthy seedling is stayed in every cave.
(7) under-film drip irrigation on the 1st is irrigated after irrigation under film final singling, polynary by the addition of 30 kgs/acre/time at trickle irrigation water source
Compound fertilizer's Stanley dilution, until irrigation quantity ridge base portion moistens but do not ooze out bright water.
(8) the smooth pillar in 70 centimetres of high tops is arranged every 150 centimetres in the two sides in aisle for covering canopy film, and pillar is vertical
To rope is pulled between transverse direction, canopy film is placed on pillar and rope, and before rainy days arrives, canopy film is opened covering Chinese cabbage,
Film is taken off after the sun shines again after the rain in time.
(9) field Routine Management controls each trickle irrigation water until Chinese cabbage base portion is wet, into after the heading stage, is dripping
It pours water and the dilution of detritus acid quick-acting fertilizer is added at source by 1 kg/acre/time；Once being put into polybag it was found that diseased plant is pulled out in time
It takes out of buried outside field, especially wants timely field examination after the rain, until harvest.
Originally experimental field the disease incidence of Chinese cabbage downy mildew is 0.09%, and the disease incidence in neighbouring crop field is 1.5%, the former is the latter's
6%, the former is than the latter output increased 21%.
Embodiment 2
Yanggao County Dongguan village, Shanxi Province in 2018 selects 10 mu of the plot of fertile, the preceding non-crop in cruciferae of stubble in soil, using this
The cultural method of invention prevention autumn cabbage downy mildew, includes the following steps:
(1) select disease-resistant variety Shanxi No. two green.
(2) seed treatment selects the seed of full seed, presses seed weight with 25% first frost mancozeb wettable powder before sowing
0.3% dress seed, sowed after drying.
(3) selection of land fertilising application early July, base fertilizer is used sufficient, while spreading fertilizer over the fields insecticide and fungicide, ploughs deeply the thin rake sun
It shines, eliminates pathogen and worm's ovum in soil.
(4) ridging, beat cave, pipe laying, overlay film mid-July, prolong plot East and West direction ridging, ridge is trapezoidal shape, 45 lis of ridge bottom width
Rice, 30 centimetres of ridge top width, ridge is 13 centimetres high, 50 centimetres of ridge spacing, the aisle of 100 centimetres of a spacing is stayed behind every 6 ridge, ridging is longitudinal
One gutter of every 50 meters of settings pushes up longitudinal hit exactly on ridge and beats a line cave, and 35 centimetres of hill spacing；Drip irrigation pipe is placed in the ridge side Ding Xue, it is suitable
The direction on ridge be laid with, every trickle irrigation tubule is connected with trickle irrigation general pipeline, and junction, which is equipped with, to be switched, then covering with ground sheeting ridge.
(5) the dotted button of bunch planting opens overlay film, the seed that step (2) are handled is sprinkling upon in cave, 5~10, every cave, blinding pressure
It is real.
(6) when seedling management seedling grows 1~2 true leaf, the 1st thinning, 2~3 plants of healthy seedlings are stayed in every cave；Seedling grows 3~
When 4 true leaves, the 2nd thinning, 1 plant of healthy seedling is stayed in every cave.
(7) under-film drip irrigation on the 1st is irrigated after irrigation under film final singling, polynary by the addition of 30 kgs/acre/time at trickle irrigation water source
Compound fertilizer's Stanley dilution, until irrigation quantity ridge base portion moistens but do not ooze out bright water.
(8) the smooth pillar in 70 centimetres of high tops is arranged every 150 centimetres in the two sides in aisle for covering canopy film, and pillar is vertical
To rope is pulled between transverse direction, canopy film is placed on pillar and rope, and before rainy days arrives, canopy film is opened covering Chinese cabbage,
Film is taken off after the sun shines again after the rain in time.
(9) field Routine Management controls each trickle irrigation water until Chinese cabbage base portion is wet, into after the heading stage, is dripping
It pours water and the dilution of detritus acid quick-acting fertilizer is added at source by 1 kg/acre/time；Once being put into polybag it was found that diseased plant is pulled out in time
It takes out of buried outside field, especially wants timely field examination after the rain, until harvest.
Originally experimental field the disease incidence of Chinese cabbage downy mildew is 0.12%, and the disease incidence in neighbouring crop field is 2.6%, the former is the latter's
4.6%, the former is than the latter output increased 26%.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of cultural method for preventing autumn cabbage downy mildew, includes the following steps:
(1) disease-resistant variety is selected；
(2) seed treatment selects the seed of full seed, is pressed before sowing with 25% first frost MnZn or 50% thiram wettable powder
The 0.3% of seed weight is dressed seed, and is sowed after drying；
(3) selection of land fertilising application early July, the plot of fertile, the preceding non-crop in cruciferae of stubble in soil is selected, uses sufficient base fertilizer, together
When spread fertilizer over the fields insecticide and fungicide, plough deeply the thin rake sun and shine, eliminate pathogen and worm's ovum in soil；
(4) ridging, beat cave, pipe laying, overlay film mid-July, prolong plot East and West direction ridging, ridge is trapezoidal shape, 45~50 lis of ridge bottom width
Rice, 30~35 centimetres of ridge top width, ridge is 13~15 centimetres high, 50 centimetres of ridge spacing, stays walking for 100 centimetres of a spacing behind every 6~8 ridge
Road, longitudinal one gutter of every 50 meters of settings of ridging push up longitudinal center on ridge and beat a line cave, and 30~40 centimetres of hill spacing；By drip irrigation pipe
It is placed in the ridge side Ding Xue, the direction along ridge is laid with, and every trickle irrigation tubule is connected with trickle irrigation general pipeline, and junction is equipped with switch, so
Covering with ground sheeting ridge afterwards；
(5) the dotted button of bunch planting opens overlay film, the seed that step (2) are handled is sprinkling upon in cave, 5~10, every cave, blinding compacting；
(6) when seedling management seedling grows 1~2 true leaf, the 1st thinning, 2~3 plants of healthy seedlings are stayed in every cave；Seedling grows 3~4
When true leaf, the 2nd thinning, 1 plant of healthy seedling is stayed in every cave；
(7) under-film drip irrigation on the 1st~2 is irrigated after irrigation under film final singling, polynary multiple by the addition of 30 kgs/acre/time at trickle irrigation water source
Hefei Stanley dilution, until irrigation quantity ridge base portion moistens but do not ooze out bright water；
(8) the smooth pillar in 70~80 centimetres of high tops, column are arranged every 150~200 centimetres in the two sides in aisle for covering canopy film
Rope is pulled between sub- vertical and horizontal, canopy film is placed on pillar and rope, and before rainy days arrives, it is white that canopy film is opened covering
Dish takes off film in time after the sun shines again after the rain；
(9) field Routine Management controls each trickle irrigation water until Chinese cabbage base portion is wet, into after the heading stage, in dripping irrigation water
The dilution of detritus acid quick-acting fertilizer is added at source by 1 kg/acre/time；Once being put into polybag it was found that diseased plant is pulled out in time and taking out of
It is buried outside field, timely field examination is especially wanted after the rain, until harvest.
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Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105145191A (en) * | 2015-06-30 | 2015-12-16 | 李美琼 | Cruciferous vegetable downy mildew control method |
| CN105613010A (en) * | 2016-01-25 | 2016-06-01 | 和县聂兴圩蔬菜种植有限责任公司 | Cultivation method for Chinese cabbages in spring season |
| CN106416677A (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2017-02-22 | 石家庄市农林科学研究院 | Spring cabbage culture method |
| CN107182543A (en) * | 2017-07-31 | 2017-09-22 | 杨俊富 | A kind of prevention and controls of Chinese cabbage downy mildew |
| CN108718952A (en) * | 2018-05-04 | 2018-11-02 | 铜仁市万山区恒利达种养殖有限公司 | A kind of Autumn Chinese Cabbage cultural method |
| CN109105173A (en) * | 2018-07-04 | 2019-01-01 | 山西省农业科学院蔬菜研究所 | The cultural method for preventing Spring cabbage soft rot |
-
2019
- 2019-08-15 CN CN201910753205.XA patent/CN110367061A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105145191A (en) * | 2015-06-30 | 2015-12-16 | 李美琼 | Cruciferous vegetable downy mildew control method |
| CN105613010A (en) * | 2016-01-25 | 2016-06-01 | 和县聂兴圩蔬菜种植有限责任公司 | Cultivation method for Chinese cabbages in spring season |
| CN106416677A (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2017-02-22 | 石家庄市农林科学研究院 | Spring cabbage culture method |
| CN107182543A (en) * | 2017-07-31 | 2017-09-22 | 杨俊富 | A kind of prevention and controls of Chinese cabbage downy mildew |
| CN108718952A (en) * | 2018-05-04 | 2018-11-02 | 铜仁市万山区恒利达种养殖有限公司 | A kind of Autumn Chinese Cabbage cultural method |
| CN109105173A (en) * | 2018-07-04 | 2019-01-01 | 山西省农业科学院蔬菜研究所 | The cultural method for preventing Spring cabbage soft rot |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
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| 刘志敏，邹学校，熊再辉: "《无公害速生叶类蔬菜栽培技术 上》", 31 December 2008, 湖南科学技术出版社 * |
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Application publication date: 20191025 |