CN110366926A - A kind of potato picker may be implemented in knob separation clay - Google Patents

Abstract

A potato harvester capable of separating clay in hilly areas, comprising an excavating device, a primary soil and potato separation mechanism, a secondary soil and potato separation mechanism, a primary conveyor chain, a secondary conveyor chain, a collecting vehicle, and a walking mechanism; The front end of the primary soil and potato separation mechanism is connected with an excavation device, the rear end of the primary soil and potato separation mechanism is connected with a secondary soil and potato separation mechanism and a walking frame assembly, and the end of the secondary soil and potato separation mechanism is connected with a collecting vehicle; the harvester can Complete the excavation, soil and potato separation, and potato size sorting operations at one time, which is suitable for the natural conditions of the basin landform and cohesive soil in Sichuan. During operation, the potatoes can first pass through the first-level soil and potato separation device, and then the potatoes can be transported to the second-level soil and potato separation. device, and then harvest the large and small potatoes separately and carry out preliminary weighing.

Description

A potato harvester that separates clay soils in hilly areas

technical field

The invention relates to a soil and potato separation mechanism and a size grading and picking device in the field of potato combine harvesters, in particular to a small potato harvesting machine for clay areas. .

Background technique

Potato Potato, as one of the most widely planted crops in the world, plays a huge role in various aspects such as feed and industry. my country is the main potato producing country, and potato production is of great significance to my country's food security. The Ministry of Agriculture proposed the strategy of turning potatoes into staple food in the early years to ensure national food security. Mechanized harvesting of potatoes can greatly improve the efficiency of potato harvesting, reduce costs, and promote the development of the potato industry.

At present, the separation of soil and potato by potato harvester is mainly to separate sandy soil, but the separation effect of soil and potato in clay soil area is poor. Although large potato harvesters work well in separating soil and potatoes, for hilly and mountainous areas, because the land is scattered and not sliced, large potato harvesters are not suitable for mountainous and hilly areas, so only small potato harvesters can be selected. However, today's small potato harvesters do not separate the clay completely. The potatoes after the separation of the soil and potatoes follow the movement of the potato harvester and are thrown behind the potato harvester. They are picked up manually, and then the potatoes that have not been completely separated from the soil and potatoes are cleaned and processed again. Bagging. This harvesting mode is inefficient, requires a lot of manpower to pick up, increases the cost of potato harvesting, and wastes a lot of time. If it encounters weather such as the rainy season, it will cause a large number of potatoes to be harvested untimely, and will face planting losses.

Contents of the invention

The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a potato harvester capable of separating clay in hilly areas, which is equipped with a primary soil and potato separation mechanism, a secondary soil and potato separation mechanism and an intelligent harvesting device with automatic sorting function. The device has the functions of separating clay and preliminary sorting and framing of large and small potatoes. The device can adjust parameters according to different potato varieties and planting environments during operation. It has strong adaptability and can meet the requirements of potato harvesting in hilly and mountainous areas.

In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention is achieved as follows: a potato harvester capable of separating clay in hilly areas according to the present invention comprises an excavating device, a primary soil and potato separation mechanism, and a secondary soil and potato separation mechanism. Mechanism, primary conveyor chain, secondary conveyor chain, collecting vehicle, walking mechanism; the front end of the primary soil and potato separation mechanism is connected with an excavation device, and the rear end of the primary soil and potato separation mechanism is connected with a secondary soil and potato separation mechanism and a walking mechanism. Mechanism, the end of the secondary soil and potato separation mechanism is connected with a collecting vehicle; the primary conveying chain is socketed on the primary drive shaft and the guide wheel at the front end of the primary drive shaft, and the secondary conveying chain is socketed on the secondary drive shaft And on the guide wheel located at the front end of the secondary conveyor chain, it is characterized in that: the first-level soil and potato separation mechanism is provided with a hooking frame, a first-level driving device, a first-level shaking device, a first-level soft brush, and a first-level The left side plate of the soil and potato separation mechanism is provided with a potato guide plate, and the right side plate of the primary soil and potato separation mechanism is provided with a rotational speed sensor device. The plates are fixedly connected; the walking mechanism is provided with a walking ground wheel and a walking connecting frame, and the front end of the walking connecting frame is fixedly connected with the left and right side plates of the first-level soil and potato separation mechanism; the second-level soil and potato separation mechanism is provided with Secondary driving device, secondary shaking device, secondary soft brush, large potato guide disc, small potato collecting device, the walking connecting frame and the right connecting plate of the secondary soil and potato separation mechanism connect the front of the secondary soil and potato separation mechanism. , the rear end plate is fixedly connected, and the right connecting plate, front and rear end plates of the secondary soil and potato separation mechanism are provided with gap rubber rods; the primary soil and potato separation mechanism and the secondary soil and potato separation mechanism are obliquely fixed .

The hooking frame is welded and fixed to the left and right side plates of the primary soil and potato separation mechanism, a gearbox and a transmission shaft are arranged at the upper end, and an excavating device is connected to the front end; the excavating device includes an excavating shovel and an anti-winding frame; The left and right ends of the digging shovel are fixedly connected to the front ends of the left side plate and the right side plate of the first-level soil and potato separation mechanism, the lower end of the anti-winding frame is fixedly connected to the digging shovel, and the upper end is separated from the first-level soil and potato through the connecting plate The left side plate and the right side plate of the mechanism are fixedly connected, and the anti-winding frame is connected to the right end of the transmission shaft through a belt drive; the left end of the transmission shaft is provided with a spherical universal joint, and the inner sphere of the spherical universal joint is provided with a middle There are small annular grooves on both sides of the large spherical universal joint. There are rolling steel balls fixed inside the outer spherical shell of the spherical universal joint. The outer spherical shell of the spherical universal joint is precisely connected with the inner sphere through rolling steel balls. The rolling steel ball can rotate with the inner sphere in the inner sphere annular groove. Rolling upwards to drive the outer spherical shell to rotate; the spherical universal joint is connected to the secondary drive shaft and driven by the transmission shaft.

The primary driving device includes a primary drive shaft, a drive wheel, and a chuck; the left and right sides of the primary soil and potato separation mechanism are symmetrically provided with adjustable transverse grooves for the primary drive shaft, and the primary drive shaft can pass through the pad. The disc is fixedly assembled in the adjustable transverse groove, and the distance of the first-stage drive shaft can be adjusted horizontally in the groove; two drive wheels are symmetrically arranged on the first-stage drive shaft, and the drive wheels are fixedly assembled on the first-stage drive shaft by the chuck , the drive wheel fits with the primary conveyor chain; the right side of the primary drive shaft is connected to the transmission shaft through the sprocket chain, and is driven by the transmission shaft.

The front end of the primary driving device is provided with a primary shaking device, and the shaking device includes a triangular shaking driven shaft, a triangular shaking wheel, a swing arm type shaking driven shaft, a swing arm type shaking wheel, and a shaking wheel; The front end of the adjustable transverse groove of the stage drive shaft is provided with a triangular jitter driven shaft hole, and the triangular jitter driven shaft is fixedly assembled in the triangular jitter driven shaft hole through a bearing seat; On the triangular shaking driven shaft, three shaking wheels are fixedly assembled on the triangular shaking wheel; the front end of the triangular shaking driven shaft hole has a swing arm type shaking driven shaft hole, and the swing arm type shaking driven shaft Through the bearing seat, it is fixedly assembled with the swing arm type vibration driven shaft hole; the swing arm type vibration wheel is symmetrically arranged with two, fixedly assembled on the swing arm type vibration driven shaft, and the swing arm type vibration wheel Two shaking wheels are fixedly assembled; the left end of the triangular shaking driven shaft and the swing arm type shaking driven shaft are connected with the first-level drive shaft through the sprocket chain and driven by the first-level drive shaft; the first-level drive shaft can be adjusted horizontally There are cross adjustment slots between the slot and the triangular jitter driven shaft hole, between the triangular jitter driven shaft hole and the swing arm type jitter driven shaft hole, and the amplitude adjustment wheel is fixed and assembled in the cross adjustment slot through a three-hole gasket Adjusting the amplitude adjusting wheel can change the vibration amplitude; there is a tension wheel adjusting groove between the adjustable horizontal groove and the cross adjusting groove of the first-stage drive shaft, and between the swing arm type shaking driven shaft hole and the guide wheel hole. The tension wheel is fixedly assembled in the tension wheel adjustment groove.

The soft brush and the left and right sides of the primary soil and potato separation mechanism are hinged on the upper end of the primary conveyor chain, and the soft brush plate can rotate at a certain angle; the potato guide plate includes a rubber plate and a rubber skin. The rubber plate is fixedly connected with the left side plate of the primary soil and potato separation mechanism; the rubber skin is longer than the rubber plate and is fixedly bonded to the rubber plate.

The rotational speed sensor device includes a photoelectric rotational speed sensor, a rotational speed indicator, and a rotational speed alarm device; the photoelectric rotational speed sensor is fixedly installed next to the shaft hole of the swing arm-type jitter driven drive, and the pulse frequency of the swing-arm jitter driven drive can be measured. Shaft speed; the speed display instrument and the speed alarm device are fixedly installed on the right side plate of the first-level soil and potato separation mechanism, and the measured speed is displayed by the display instrument; the speed alarm device is written with a speed range program, beyond the speed range Will call the police.

The secondary driving device comprises a secondary drive shaft, a secondary drive wheel, and a chuck; the left end of the front and rear end plates of the secondary soil and potato separation mechanism is provided with a secondary drive wheel shaft adjustment groove, and the secondary drive wheel shaft passes through the spacer. It is fixedly installed in the adjustment groove with the bearing seat; the secondary drive wheel is fixedly installed on the secondary drive shaft through the chuck, and the secondary drive wheel fits with the secondary conveyor chain; the front end of the secondary drive shaft and the spherical Gimbal connection.

The front end of the secondary driving device is provided with a secondary shaking device; the secondary shaking device includes a secondary triangular shaking driven shaft, a triangular shaking wheel, and a shaking wheel; the front and rear end plates of the secondary soil and potato separation mechanism There are two secondary triangular jitter driven shaft holes symmetrically in the middle, and two secondary amplitude adjustment slots; the secondary triangular jitter driven shaft is fixedly assembled in the secondary triangular jitter driven shaft hole through the bearing seat , two triangular shaking wheels are arranged symmetrically, and are fixedly assembled on the secondary triangular shaking driven shaft; three shaking wheels are fixedly assembled on the described triangular shaking wheel; The right end of the rear end plate has a guide wheel adjustment groove, the height of the guide wheel can be adjusted up and down, so that it has a certain inclination angle with the conveyor chain, and the guide wheel is fixedly assembled in the adjustment groove; There is a tension wheel adjustment groove between the jitter driven shaft hole, and two tension wheel adjustment grooves are opened between the secondary triangular jitter driven shaft hole and the guide wheel adjustment groove, and the tension wheel is fixedly assembled in the adjustment groove .

The secondary soil and potato separation mechanism is provided with a secondary soft brush connecting plate; the secondary soft brush connecting plate is spliced on the walking connecting frame, and five rows and five columns are installed below the secondary soft brush connecting plate. The cylindrical soft brush can rotate around the axis; two walking ground wheels are installed under the walking connecting frame; the walking ground wheels can be adjusted in height through the walking connecting frame.

The upper end of the large potato guide plate is welded to the front and rear end plates of the secondary soil and potato separation mechanism. The large potato guide plate has a certain inclination angle, and a large potato collection vehicle is placed at the lower end; the large potato collection vehicle includes rubber rods, walking ground wheels , trolley walking wheels, collecting cart connecting frame, bearing plate, weight sensor; the front end of the large potato collecting cart is connected with two trolley traveling wheels, the rear end is connected with two trolley traveling wheels, and rubber rods are installed around; the large potato collecting cart The car can be detachably connected with the connecting frame of the secondary separation device through the connecting frame of the collecting car; a bearing plate is installed on the described large potato collecting vehicle, and a weight sensor is installed at the lower end of the bearing plate.

The small potato collection device is composed of grid bars and collecting plates welded together, and spliced with the front and rear end plates; the intercept of the grid bars of the secondary conveyor chain is greater than the intercept of the primary conveyor chain, and the potatoes are transported on the secondary conveyor chain During the process, the small potatoes fall into the small potato harvesting device, and a small potato collecting vehicle is placed under the small potato collecting device; the small potato collecting vehicle includes a rubber rod, a walking ground wheel, a trolley walking wheel, a load bearing plate, and a weight sensor; The front end of the potato collecting vehicle is connected with two walking ground wheels of the traveling mechanism, the rear end is connected with two trolley walking wheels, and rubber rods are installed around; the small potato collecting vehicle is equipped with a bearing plate, and the lower end of the bearing plate is equipped weight sensor.

Positive effects of the present invention for a potato harvesting device that enables clay separation in hilly areas:

A potato harvesting device capable of separating clay in hilly areas according to the present invention is a small machine for clay areas, and can complete operations such as separating potato from clay, preliminary sorting and framing of large and small potatoes at one time; The shaking device of the super-level soil and potato separation mechanism and its soft brush device greatly improve the separation effect of potatoes and clay, ensuring that the harvested potatoes are clean; the speed alarm device effectively controls the speed of the separation device of the machine. Operating within the speed range greatly reduces the potato peeling rate; the preliminary grading, picking, and framing of large and small potatoes effectively saves human resources, reduces production costs, and improves production efficiency; large potato guide plate and small potato collection device Flexible materials such as rubber are used, and the tilting angle is relatively slow, which greatly reduces the breakage rate during the output and framing process and ensures the harvest quality.

The above technology and advantages of a potato harvesting device capable of separating clay in hilly areas of the present invention solve the problems of incomplete separation of soil and potatoes in clay areas, high labor intensity, time-consuming and labor-intensive harvesting, and improve the mechanization of small potato harvesting machinery level, providing a solution for the research and development of small potato harvesting machinery for clay soil areas.

Description of drawings

The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a structural schematic diagram of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a structural schematic diagram of a first-stage soil and potato separation mechanism.

Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the installation position of the rotational speed sensor and the display alarm.

Fig. 5 is a structural schematic diagram of a secondary soil and potato separation mechanism.

Fig. 6 is a structural schematic diagram of a secondary soil and potato separation mechanism.

Fig. 7 is a structural schematic diagram of a secondary soil and potato separation mechanism.

Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the collection vehicle.

Fig. 9 is a schematic structural view of the weight sensor of the collecting vehicle.

Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of connection of a large potato collection vehicle.

Fig. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of a rotational speed sensor.

Fig. 12 is a structural schematic diagram of the walking frame.

Fig. 13 is a structural schematic diagram of a primary vibration mechanism.

Fig. 14 is a schematic structural view of a spherical universal joint.

Fig. 15 is a structural schematic diagram of the connection between the primary soil and potato separation mechanism and the secondary soil and potato separation mechanism.

In the figure: 1 first-level soil and potato separation mechanism 2 digging device 3 spherical universal joint 4 gearbox.

5 first level soft brush 6 second level soil and potato separation mechanism 7 traveling mechanism 8 right side plate.

9 Mounting rack 10 Left side panel 11 First-level conveyor chain 12 Second-level conveyor chain 13 Second-level soft brush.

14 Guide wheel 15 Tension wheel 16 Shake wheel 17 Amplitude adjustment wheel 18 Triangular shake wheel.

19 driving wheel 20 primary driving device 21 potato guide plate 22 primary driving shaft 23 cross adjustment groove.

24 triangular jitter driven shaft 25 swing arm jitter wheel 26 swing arm jitter driven shaft.

27 photoelectric speed sensor 28 speed display instrument 29 speed alarm device.

30 tension wheel adjustment groove 31 rubber rod 32 walking link frame 33 large potato guide disc.

34 small potato collection devices 35 walking ground wheels 36 rear end plates 37 right connecting plates.

38 Front end plate 39 Secondary amplitude adjustment groove 40 Secondary guide wheel adjustment groove 41 Secondary driving wheel.

42 secondary driving devices 43 secondary drive shafts 44 secondary triangular vibration driven shafts.

45 secondary shaking device 46 trolley bearing plate 47 weight sensor 48 small potato collection car.

49 trolley walking wheels, 50 large potato collection carts, 51 collection carts, and 52 collection cart connection frames.

53 secondary separation device connecting frame 54 reflective strip 55 primary shaking device.

Detailed ways

As shown in Figures 1 to 2, a potato harvesting device capable of separating clay in hilly areas according to the present invention includes a digging device (2), a primary soil and potato separation mechanism (1), a secondary soil and potato separation mechanism (6 ), a primary conveyor chain (11), a secondary conveyor chain (12), a collection vehicle, and a running mechanism (7). The front end of the primary soil and potato separation mechanism (1) is connected with an excavation device (2), and the rear end of the primary soil and potato separation mechanism (1) is connected with a secondary soil and potato separation mechanism (6) and a walking mechanism (7). , the end of the secondary soil and potato separation mechanism (6) is connected with a collection vehicle; the primary conveying chain (11) is sleeved on the primary driving wheel and the guide wheel positioned at the front end of the primary driving shaft, and the secondary conveying chain (12 ) is sleeved on the secondary drive wheel and the guide wheel located at the front end of the secondary drive shaft.

As shown in Fig. 1 to Fig. 4 and Fig. 13, described primary soil and potato separation mechanism (1) is provided with hook frame (8), primary driving device (20), primary shaking device (55), The first-level soft brush (5), the left side plate (10) of the first-level soil and potato separation mechanism (1) is provided with guide potato plate (21), the right side plate (8) of the first-level soil and potato separation mechanism (1) ) is provided with a rotational speed sensor device, and the hooking frame (9) is fixedly connected with the left side plate (10) and the right side plate (8) of the first-level soil and potato separation mechanism (1), and is located at the first-level soil and potato separation The top of the mechanism (1) makes the connection of the left side plate (10) and the right side plate (8) of the primary soil and potato separation mechanism (1) more firm and stable.

As shown in Figures 1 and 2, the left side plate (10) and the right side plate (8) of the described hooking frame (9) and the first-level soil and potato separation mechanism (1) are welded and fixed, and its upper end is provided with a variable speed Box (4) and transmission shaft, the front end is connected with excavating device (2); Described gearbox (4) is fixedly connected on the horizontal connecting plate of articulated frame (9) by bolt; Described excavating device (2) includes An excavating shovel and an anti-winding frame; the left and right ends of the excavating shovel are fixedly connected to the front ends of the left side plate (10) and the right side plate (8) of the primary soil and potato separation mechanism (1), and the anti-winding frame The lower end is fixedly connected to the digging shovel, and the upper end is fixedly connected to the left side plate (10) and the right side plate (8) of the primary soil and potato separation mechanism (1) through the connecting plate, and the anti-winding frame is connected to the right end of the transmission shaft through a belt drive. connection; the left end of the transmission shaft is provided with a spherical universal joint (3), and the inner sphere is provided with a groove, and a rolling steel ball is fixed inside the outer spherical shell, and the outer spherical shell is precisely connected with the inner sphere through the rolling steel ball, and the rolling steel ball With the rotation of the inner sphere, it can roll on the groove of the inner sphere, thereby driving the outer spherical shell to rotate.

As shown in Figures 2 and 3, the primary driving device (20) includes a primary drive shaft (22), a drive wheel (19), and a chuck; the primary drive shaft (22) is assembled on the primary soil In the adjustable transverse groove symmetrically arranged on the left side plate (10) and the right side plate (8) of the potato separation mechanism (1), the distance can be adjusted horizontally in the groove according to needs, and the right side of the primary drive shaft (22) A sprocket is provided, which is connected to the transmission shaft through a sprocket chain; two driving wheels (19) are symmetrically arranged on the primary driving shaft (22), and the driving wheels (19) are fixedly assembled on the primary driving shaft through a chuck On (22), fit with the primary conveyor chain (11).

As shown in Fig. 3, Fig. 4 and Fig. 13, described primary shaking device (55) comprises triangular shaking driven shaft (24), triangular shaking wheel disc (18), swing arm type shaking driven shaft (26), Swing arm type shaking wheel (25) and shaking wheel (16), which are arranged on the front end of the primary driving device (20); the triangular shaking driven shaft (24) is assembled on the front end of the cross adjusting groove (23). In the hole of the driven shaft, it can realize rotation around the axis; the triangular vibrating wheel (18) is symmetrically arranged with two, fixedly assembled on the driven shaft hole of the triangular vibrating, and fixedly assembled on the triangular vibrating wheel (18) Three shaking wheels (16); the swing arm type shaking driven shaft (26) is assembled in the swing arm type driven shaft hole at the front end of the triangular shaking driven shaft hole, and can rotate around the axis; the swing arm There are two symmetrical shaking wheels (25), which are fixedly assembled on the swing arm type shaking driven shaft (26), and the swing arm type shaking wheel (25) is fixedly equipped with two shaking wheels (16); Described triangular jitter driven shaft (24) and swing arm type jitter driven shaft (26) left end are equipped with sprockets respectively, are connected with primary drive shaft (22) by sprocket chain, realize its rotation around the axis thus.

As shown in Figure 3, cross adjustment slots ( 23), the amplitude adjustment wheel (17) is fixed and assembled in the cross adjustment groove (23) through three hole gaskets and bolts, and the vibration amplitude can be changed by adjusting the installation position of the amplitude adjustment wheel (17) on the cross adjustment groove (23) .

As shown in Figure 3, the tensioning wheel (15) is fixedly assembled between the adjustable transverse groove of the primary drive shaft and the cross adjustment groove (23), between the swing arm type vibration driven shaft hole and the guide wheel hole. The tension wheel adjustment groove (30) is a vertical adjustment groove, and the tension wheel (15) can adjust the installation position up and down as required.

As shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, the left side plate (10) and the right side plate (8) of the first-level soft brush (5) and the first-level soil and potato separation mechanism (1) form a hinged connection, which can realize certain The rotation of the angle is located at the upper end of the primary conveyor chain (11).

As shown in Figure 3, described potato guide plate (21) comprises rubber plate, rubber skin; Described rubber plate is fixedly connected with the left side plate (10) of primary soil and potato separation mechanism (1); Described rubber skin is fixed Bonded to the rubber plate, the width of the rubber skin is slightly larger than the rubber plate.

As shown in Figure 4 and Figure 14, the said speed sensor device comprises a photoelectric speed sensor (27), a speed display (28), a speed alarm device (29); the photoelectric sensor (27) is installed on the right side panel Next to the swing arm type shaking driven shaft hole, facing the position of a shaking wheel (16), the photoelectric sensor (27) is connected to the speed indicator (28) and the speed alarm device (29) through a wire; The bar (54) is installed in the center of the shaking wheel (16), and the rotating speed of the swing arm type shaking driven shaft (26) can be measured through the pulse frequency; On the side plate, the rotational speed of the swing arm type jitter driven shaft (26) measured by the photoelectric sensor (27) is displayed on the rotational speed indicator (28); An alarm will be issued if the optimal range is set.

As shown in Fig. 5, Fig. 6 and Fig. 7, described secondary soil and potato separation mechanism (6) is provided with secondary driving device (42), secondary shaking device (45), secondary soft brush (13) , large potato guide plate (33), small potato collection device (34); the right connecting plate (37) of described walking link frame (32) and secondary soil and potato separation mechanism (6) will secondary soil and potato separation mechanism The front end plate (38) of (6), rear end plate (36) are fixedly connected, and the right connecting plate (37), front end plate (38), rear end plate (36) of described secondary soil and potato separation mechanism (6) ) is provided with circular holes at a certain distance, and the rubber rod (31) is fixedly assembled therein; the second-stage soil-potato separation mechanism (6) and the first-stage soil-potato separation mechanism (1) are obliquely fixed.

As shown in Figure 6, described secondary drive device (42) comprises secondary drive shaft (43), secondary drive wheel (41), chuck; Described secondary drive shaft (43) is installed in secondary soil potato The front end plate (38) and the rear end plate (36) of the separation mechanism (6) can rotate around the axis in the symmetrical secondary drive wheel shaft adjustment groove, and the front end of the secondary drive shaft (43) is connected to the spherical universal The joint (3) is connected; the secondary drive wheel (41) is fixedly mounted on the secondary drive shaft (43) through the chuck, and the secondary drive wheel (41) fits with the secondary conveyor chain (12).

As shown in Fig. 5, Fig. 6 and Fig. 7, described secondary shaking device (45) comprises secondary triangular shaking driven shaft (44), triangular shaking wheel disc (18), shaking wheel (16); The first-level triangular jitter driven shaft (44) is installed in two secondary triangular jitter driven shaft holes symmetrical in the middle of the front end plate (38) and the rear end plate (36) of the second-level soil and potato separation mechanism (6); The triangular vibrating wheel (18) is symmetrically arranged with two, fixedly assembled on the secondary triangular vibrating driven shaft (44); the vibrating wheel (16) is fixedly assembled on the triangular vibrating wheel (18), each triangular Three shaking wheels (16) are set on the shaking wheel disc (18).

As shown in Figure 6, described secondary guide wheel adjustment groove (40) is arranged on the front end plate (38), rear end plate (36) right side of secondary soil and potato separation mechanism (6), and guide wheel (14) is fixed Assembled in the adjustment groove; the tension wheel adjustment groove (30) is set between the secondary drive shaft adjustment groove and the secondary triangular jitter driven shaft hole, the secondary triangular jitter driven shaft hole and the secondary guide wheel adjustment groove (40), the tensioning wheel (15) is fixedly assembled in the adjustment groove; the second-level amplitude adjustment groove (39) is symmetrically arranged next to the secondary triangular shaking driven shaft hole, and the amplitude adjustment wheel (17) is fixedly installed on the in.

As shown in Figure 5, described secondary soft hair brush (13) comprises secondary soft hair brush connecting plate, cylindrical soft hair brush; Described secondary soil and potato separation mechanism (6) is provided with secondary soft hair brush Connecting plate, the secondary soft brush connecting plate is spliced on the walking connecting frame (32), and five rows of five rows of cylindrical soft brushes are installed below the secondary soft brush connecting plate, which can rotate around the axis.

As shown in Fig. 5 and Fig. 8, the front end plate (38), rear end plate (36) of described big potato guide plate (33) upper end welding secondary soil and potato separation mechanism (6), the big potato guide plate (33) There is a certain downward angle of inclination, and a large potato collection vehicle (50) is placed at the lower end, and the potatoes that are separated and graded through secondary soil and potato fall into the large potato collection vehicle (50) at the lower end through the large potato guide plate (33).

As shown in Fig. 8, Fig. 9 and Fig. 10, described large potato collecting car (50) comprises rubber rod (31), dolly traveling wheel (49), collecting car connecting frame (52), dolly bearing plate (46), Weight sensor (47); the front end and the rear end of the large potato collection vehicle (50) are respectively connected to two trolley walking wheels (49), and rubber rods (31) are installed around; the large potato collection vehicle passes through the collection vehicle connecting frame (52) Carry out detachable connection with the secondary separation device connecting frame (53); a trolley load-bearing plate (46) is installed on the described large potato collection vehicle, and a weight sensor (47) is installed under the load-bearing plate.

As shown in Fig. 7 and Fig. 8, described small potato collecting device (34) is made up of grid rod and collecting plate welding, and is fixedly connected with front end plate (38), rear end plate (36); (12) The grid bar spacing is greater than the grid bar spacing of the primary conveyor chain (11), and the potatoes that are smaller than the grid bar spacing of the secondary conveyor chain (12) fall into the small potatoes below during the conveying process of the potatoes on the secondary conveyor chain (12) Collection device (34), the small potato collection vehicle (48) is provided with below the small potato collection device (34).

As shown in Figure 8, described small potato collecting car (48) comprises rubber bar (31), walking ground wheel (35), dolly traveling wheel (49), dolly bearing plate (46), weight sensor (47); The front end of the small potato collection vehicle is connected with two walking ground wheels (35), the rear end is connected with two trolley walking wheels (49), and rubber bars (31) are installed around; the small potato collection vehicle (48) is equipped with The trolley weighing plate (46), the lower end of the trolley weighing plate (46) is equipped with a weight sensor (47).

As shown in Figure 1, Figure 2 and Figure 5, the walking mechanism (7) is provided with a walking ground wheel (35) and a walking connecting frame (32), and the walking ground wheel (35) is connected to the walking connecting frame (32 ) on the wheel shafts on both sides, the height can be adjusted by the walking connecting frame (32); the front end of the walking connecting frame (32) is fixedly connected to the left side plate (38), the right side the rear end of the plate (36).

The working process of the present invention is: the potato harvester capable of separating clay in hilly areas described in the present invention can complete excavation, soil and potato separation, preliminary grading of potatoes, and automatic framing at one time. During operation, the coupling mechanism of the potato harvesting device is connected to the tractor by means of three-point suspension. The appropriate digging depth can be determined by adjusting the connection height between the walking connection frame and the walking ground wheel, and the power output shaft of the tractor and the power output shaft of the tractor are connected through the transmission shaft. The power input shaft of the gearbox of the harvesting device starts the power output shaft of the tractor, the power is transmitted to the gearbox by the transmission shaft, and the power is transmitted to the drive shaft of the primary soil and potato separation mechanism and the secondary soil and potato separation mechanism through the power output shaft of the gearbox respectively. The drive shaft of the potato separation mechanism finally drives the anti-winding frame, the primary conveyor chain, the secondary conveyor chain and the shaking device; The potatoes and soil are pushed to the first-stage conveyor chain, and the position of the amplitude adjustment wheel is adjusted according to the actual situation to realize the preliminary separation of soil and potatoes. In the process of realizing the separation of soil and potatoes, once the amplitude of the shaking mechanism exceeds the preset, the alarm device An alarm is issued, and the harvester needs to adjust the amplitude of the shaking mechanism in time; the potatoes that have undergone preliminary separation fall from the primary conveying chain to the secondary conveying chain, and the secondary soil and potato separation is carried out, and the potatoes are initially graded, and the large potatoes fall through the guide plate. In the collection vehicle below, the small potatoes fall into the collection device below through the secondary conveying chain, and then enter the collection vehicle. The collecting car is equipped with a weighing plate and a weight sensor, which can also directly obtain the weight of the potatoes on the collecting car.

Claims (11)

1. a kind of potato picker that may be implemented in knob separation clay, including excavating gear, level-one soil potato seperator Structure, second level soil potato separating mechanism, first-level transport chain, two-stage conveying chain, collecting cart, walking mechanism；The level-one soil potato seperator Structure front end is connected with excavating gear, and level-one soil potato separating mechanism rear end is connected with second level soil potato separating mechanism and walking mechanism, and two Grade native potato separating mechanism end is connected with collecting cart；The first-level transport chain is socketed on level-one drive shaft and is located at level-one drive shaft On the directive wheel of front end, two-stage conveying chain is socketed on secondary drive axis and on the directive wheel of two-stage conveying chain front end, special Sign is: it is soft that mounting rack, level-one driving device, level-one jittering device, level-one are provided on the level-one soil potato separating mechanism Hairbrush is provided on the left plate of level-one soil potato separating mechanism and leads potato plate, is provided on the right side plate of level-one soil potato separating mechanism Rotational speed sensor device, the mounting rack are fixedly connected with the left and right side plate of level-one soil potato separating mechanism；The walking mechanism It is provided with walking ground wheel, walking connection frame, the walking connection frame front end and the fixed company of level-one soil potato separating mechanism left and right side plate It connects；Secondary drive device, second level jittering device, second level banister brush, big potato are provided on the second level soil potato separating mechanism Positioning disk, small potato collection device, connecting plate is by second level soil potato on the right side of the walking connection frame and second level soil potato separating mechanism The forward and backward end plate of separating mechanism is fixedly connected, and has been provided on second level soil potato separating mechanism right side connecting plate, forward and backward end plate Gap rubber rods；The level-one soil potato separating mechanism and the inclination of second level soil potato separating mechanism are fixed.

2. a kind of potato picker that may be implemented in knob separation clay according to claim 1, feature exist In: the mounting rack is welded and fixed with level-one soil potato separating mechanism left and right side plate, and the upper end is provided with gearbox and transmission Axis, front end are connected with excavating gear；The excavating gear includes digger blade and antiwind frame；The left and right both ends of digger blade are solid Surely it is connected to the left plate of level-one soil potato separating mechanism, the front end of right side plate, the antiwind frame lower end is fixedly connected on excavation Shovel, upper end are fixedly connected by connecting plate with left plate, the right side plate of level-one soil potato separating mechanism, and the antiwind frame passes through skin V belt translation is connect with transmission shaft right end；The transmission shaft left end is provided with spheroidal universal joint, on spheroidal universal joint interior spheroid It is provided with the annular groove of narrowing toward each end broad in the middle, rolling steel ball, spheroidal universal joint are fixed with inside spheroidal universal joint outer ball shell Outer spherical shell is connect by rolling steel ball with interior spheroid precision, and rolling steel ball can be rotated with interior spheroid and be rolled on interior spheroid annular groove It is dynamic, to drive outer spherical shell rotation；The universal ball joint connects secondary drive axis, is driven by transmission shaft.

3. a kind of potato picker that may be implemented in knob separation clay according to claim 1, feature exist In: the level-one driving device includes level-one drive shaft, driving wheel, chuck；On the level-one soil potato separating mechanism left and right side plate Symmetrically be provided with level-one drive shaft and be adjusted transverse groove, level-one drive shaft can by gasket fixing assembling in adjustable transverse groove, Level-one drive shaft can in slot lateral adjustments distance；Driving wheel there are two being symmetrical arranged in the level-one drive shaft, driving wheel By chuck fixing assembling in level-one drive shaft, driving wheel agrees with first-level transport chain；Pass through chain on the right side of the level-one drive shaft Chain and transmission axis connection are taken turns, is driven by transmission shaft.

4. a kind of potato picker that may be implemented in knob separation clay according to claim 1, feature exist In: level-one driving device front end is provided with level-one jittering device, and the jittering device includes triangle dither driven shaft, triangle It shakes wheel disc, swing arm shake driven shaft, swing arm and shakes wheel disc, dithering-wheel；Before transverse groove is adjusted in the level-one drive shaft End is provided with triangle dither driven-shaft hole, and triangle dither driven shaft is by bearing block fixing assembling in triangle dither driven-shaft hole； The triangle dither wheel disc is symmetrical arranged two, and fixing assembling is consolidated on the triangle dither wheel disc on triangle dither driven shaft Surely three dithering-wheels are assembled；Triangle dither driven-shaft hole front end is provided with swing arm shake driven-shaft hole, and the swing arm is trembled Dynamic driven shaft is shaken in driven-shaft hole by bearing block fixing assembling and swing arm；The swing arm shake wheel disc is symmetrical arranged two A, for fixing assembling on swing arm shake driven shaft, the swing arm shakes two dithering-wheels of fixing assembling on wheel disc；Described three Angle shakes driven shaft and swing arm shake driven shaft left end and drives axis connection by sprocket wheel chain and level-one, by level-one drive shaft band It is dynamic；The level-one drive shaft is adjusted between transverse groove and triangle dither driven-shaft hole, triangle dither driven-shaft hole and swing arm Cross regulating tank is provided between shake driven-shaft hole, amplitude regulating wheel is by three hole gasket fixing assemblings in cross regulating tank Interior, vibration amplitude can be changed in adjusting amplitude regulating wheel；Between the adjustable transverse groove of the level-one drive shaft and cross regulating tank, It is provided with tensioning wheel regulating tank between swing arm shake driven-shaft hole and guiding wheel bore, tensioning wheel fixing assembling is in tensioning wheel regulating tank It is interior.

5. a kind of potato picker that may be implemented in knob separation clay according to claim 1, feature exist In: the banister brush and level-one soil potato separating mechanism left and right side plate hinge are connected to first-level transport chain upper end, and fur brush board can be one Determine angular turn；The potato plate of leading includes rubber slab, rubber skin, and the rubber slab is fixed with level-one soil potato separating mechanism left plate Connection；The rubber skin is longer than rubber slab, and fixation is bonded on rubber slab.

6. a kind of potato picker that may be implemented in knob separation clay according to claim 1, feature exist In: the rotational speed sensor device includes photoelectric tachometric transducer, revolving speed display instrument, revolving speed warning device；The photo-electric Speed probe is fixedly installed in by swing arm shake driven-shaft hole, and swing arm shake driven shaft can be measured by pulse frequency and is turned Speed；The revolving speed display instrument, revolving speed warning device are fixedly installed on the right side plate of level-one soil potato separating mechanism, and surveyed revolving speed is logical Display instrument is crossed to show；The revolving speed warning device is encoded with range of speeds program, will call the police beyond the range of speeds.

7. a kind of potato picker that may be implemented in knob separation clay according to claim 1, feature exist In: the secondary drive device includes secondary drive axis, secondary drive wheel, chuck；The second level soil potato separating mechanism front and back ends Plate left end is provided with secondary drive wheel shaft regulating tank, and secondary drive wheel shaft is fixedly installed in regulating tank by gasket and bearing block； The secondary drive wheel is fixedly mounted on secondary drive axis by chuck, and secondary drive wheel agrees with two-stage conveying chain；It is described The front end of secondary drive axis is connected with spheroidal universal joint.

8. a kind of potato picker that may be implemented in knob separation clay according to claim 1, feature exist In: secondary drive device front end is provided with second level jittering device；The second level jittering device include second level triangle dither from Moving axis, triangle dither wheel disc, dithering-wheel；The forward and backward end plate intermediate symmetry of second level soil potato separating mechanism is opened there are two second level three Driven-shaft hole is shaken at angle, while opening there are two second level amplitude regulating tank；The second level triangle dither driven shaft is solid by bearing block Surely it is assemblied in second level triangle dither driven-shaft hole, the triangle dither wheel disc is symmetrical arranged two, and fixing assembling is in second level three It shakes on driven shaft at angle；Three dithering-wheels of fixing assembling on the triangle dither wheel disc；The second level soil potato separating mechanism Forward and backward end plate right end is provided with directive wheel regulating tank, and directive wheel can adjust height up and down, it is made to have certain inclination angle with carrier chain Degree, directive wheel fixing assembling is in regulating tank；Between the secondary drive wheel shaft regulating tank and second level triangle dither driven-shaft hole Be provided with a tensioning wheel regulating tank, opened between second level triangle dither driven-shaft hole and directive wheel regulating tank there are two tensioning wheel adjust Slot, tensioning wheel fixing assembling is in regulating tank.

9. a kind of potato picker that may be implemented in knob separation clay according to claim 1, feature exist In: second level banister brush connecting plate is provided on the second level soil potato separating mechanism；The second level banister brush connecting plate splicing is in row It walks on connection frame, five rows five is installed below second level banister brush connecting plate and arrange cylindric banister brush, can be rotated around axis；Institute Stating walking connection frame fit beneath, there are two walking ground wheels；The walking ground wheel can adjust height by walking connection frame.

10. a kind of potato picker that may be implemented in knob separation clay according to claim 1, feature exist In: the big potato positioning disk upper end is welded in the forward and backward end plate of second level soil potato separating mechanism, and big potato positioning disk has one Big potato collecting cart is placed in constant inclination rake angle, lower end；The big potato collecting cart includes rubber rods, traveling wheel of trolley, receipts Collect vehicle connection frame, bearing plate, weight sensor；The big potato collecting cart front end connects two traveling wheel of trolley, and rear end connects Two traveling wheel of trolley are connect, surrounding is equipped with rubber rods；The big potato collecting cart can pass through collecting cart connection frame and second level Separator connection frame carries out detachably connectable；Bearing plate is installed, under the bearing plate on the big potato collecting cart End is equipped with weight sensor.

11. a kind of potato picker that may be implemented in knob separation clay according to claim 1, feature exist In: the small potato collection device is welded to form by grid bar with collecting board, and is spliced with forward and backward end plate；The two-stage conveying Chain grid bar intercept is greater than first-level transport chain intercept, and small potato falls into small potato in transmission process on two-stage conveying chain Potato harvest device, small potato collection device lower section are placed with small potato collecting cart；The small potato collecting cart packet Include rubber rods, walking ground wheel, traveling wheel of trolley, bearing plate, weight sensor；The small potato collecting cart front end and vehicle with walking machine Two walking ground wheels of structure connect, and rear end connects two traveling wheel of trolley, and surrounding is equipped with rubber rods；The small potato is collected Bearing plate is installed, the lower end of the bearing plate is equipped with weight sensor on vehicle.