CN1103147C - Cdma通信系统中进行搜索捕获的改进方法和装置 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明揭示了一种新颖且改进的扩展频谱通信系统捕获方法。本发明中,对PN筹元偏移假设的大窗口进行搜获,这些假设是在搜索器控制器(18)的控制下由P
N序列发生器(20)产生的。找到由去扩展器(6)去扩展的去扩展序列的能量表明具有大搜索窗口中一个筹元偏移值的阈值比较器(16)可能存在导频信号,随后在搜索器控制
器(18)的控制下进行偏移假设子集(小窗口)搜索。
Description
发明背景
I.
发明领域
本发明涉及扩展频谱通信。更具体地说,本发明涉及一种新颖且改进的扩展频谱通信环境捕获方法和装置。
II. 相关领域的描述
付诸实用的码分多址(CDMA)调制技术是便于在存在大量系统用户的时候进行通信的几种技术中的一种。其他多址通信系统技术,如时分多址(TDMA)和频分多址(FDMA)在本领域中是人们所熟知的。然而,CDMA扩展频谱调制技术与用于多址通信系统的这些调制技术相比具有很多优点。多址通信系统中CDMA技术的使用见转让给本发明受让人的、标题为“采用卫星或地面转发器的扩展频谱多址通信系统”、授权日为1990年2月13日的美国专利4,901,307,该专利在此引述供参考。
CDMA借助其宽带信号的固有特性,通过在广阔的带宽上扩展信号能量提供了一种形式的频率分集。所以,频率选择衰落仅影响小部分的CDMA信号带宽。
空间分集或路经分集是通过从一个移动用户至两个或更多个蜂窝区站的同链路提供多条信号路径来获得的。另外,获得路径分集的方法还可以通过扩展频谱处理,使得可以分别接收和处理具有不同传播延迟的信号来开发多径环境。路径分集利用的例子见标题为“CDMA蜂窝区电话系统中的软切换(Soft Handoff in a CDMACellular Telephone System)”、授权日为1992年3月31日的美国专利以及标题为“CDMA蜂窝区电话系统中的分集接收机(DiversityReceiver in a CDMA Cellular Telephone System)”、授权日为1992年4月28日的美国专利5,109,390,二专利均已转让给本发明的受让人,在此引述供参考。
通过控制发射机功率可以在某种程度上,在CDMA系统中进一步控制衰落的有害影响。用于蜂窝区站和移动单元的功率控制系统见转让给本发明受让人的、申请日为1989年11月7日、申请号为07/433,031、标题为“CDMA蜂窝区移动电话系统中控制发射功率的方法和装置(Method and Apparatus for Controlling Transmis-sion Power in a CDMA Cellular Mobile Telephone System)”、授权日为1991年10月8日的美国专利5,056,109。多址通信系统中CD-MA技术的利用还可参见转让给本发明受让人的、标题为“CDMA蜂窝区电话系统中产生信号波形的系统和方法(System andMethod for Generating Signal Waveforms in a CDMA CellularTelephone System)”、授权日为1992年4月7日的美国专利,该专利在此引述供参考。
上述专利描述的都用导频信号来进行捕获。使用导频信号使得移动站可以及时地捕获本地基站通信系统。移动站从接收的导频信号中得到同步信息和相关信号功率信息。
在一种硬件建立时间为零的理想系统中,较为理想的是搜索窗口只具有一种假设。然而,由于建立硬件进行搜索需要花费时间,所以对若干有多种假设的窗口进行测试。建立硬件所需的时间越长,需要的窗口规模就越大。在复合系统中,搜索器需要对一个具有许多假设的窗口进行搜索,并且在找到一候选同步序列以后,搜索器就在该窗口上进行预定次数的搜索,以便对同步进行进行验证。这一过程所需捕获时间长到无法接受。本发明提供了一种在移动通信系统中加快捕获导频信号所需时间的方法和装置。
发明概述
本发明是一种减少移动单元前向链路捕获时间的新颖且改进的方法和装置。本发明的优点在于在错捕获不引入过分损失的情况下,通过加速搜索方法来使总的捕获时间最短。
本发明揭示了一种在扩展频谱通信系统中确定和验证导频信道相位的方法,它包括下述步骤:确定一组计算能量值,用作具有PN序列假设的第一阈定大窗口组;将该组计算能量值与第一阈值比较;确定第二组计算能量值,用作具有PN序列假设的预定小窗口组,而且当该组计算能量值中的至少一个能量值超过第一阈值时,小窗口组PN序列假设是PN序列假设的大窗口组的子集;按照第二组计算能量值确定导频信道的相位。
附图简述
在结合附图对本发明作了详细描述以后,本发明的特征、目的和优点将更为清楚,图中,相同的标号表示相同的元素。
图1是本发明的方框图;
图2描述的是对于某一固定的窗口,能量随筹元(或片码)偏移的变化关系;
图3是搜索器算法规则的固定窗口规模实施例流程图;
图4描述的是本发明规模可变窗口的能量对筹元偏移的关系;
图5描述的是本发明规模可变窗口实施例的能量与筹元偏移的关系。
较佳实施例的详细描述
扩展频谱通信系统中,导频信号用来使移动站在相位和频率上与基站发射同步。在本典型实施例中,扩展频谱通信系统是一种直接序列扩展频谱通信系统。这种系统的例子见美国专利5,056,109和5,103,459。在直接序列扩展频谱通信系统中,发射信号在大于用数据信号对载波进行调制、随后再用宽带扩展信号对所得信号进行调制来发射信息所需要的最小带宽的频带上扩展。导频信号中,可以把数据看作为全1序列。
扩展信号通常是用线性反馈移位寄存器产生的,该装置的描述详见上述专利。扩展信号可以看成是具有下述形式的旋转矢量:
S(t)=Ae-
ωt+Φ (1)
为了捕获,移动站必须在相位Φ上和频率ω上都与从基站接收的信号同步。搜索器运行的目的在于找到接收信号的相位Φ。用具有相位跟踪和频率跟踪硬件的解调单元件找到扩展信号的相位Φ以后,就找到了频率。移动站寻找接收信号相位的方法是测试一组相位假设(称为视窗),并判定是否有一假言相位假设(也称为偏差假设)正确。
现在看附图,图1描述的是本发明的装置。打开电源以后,在天线2处接收扩展频谱信号。本装置的目的在于取得伪随机噪声(PN)序列发生器20产生的PN序列和由未知相位的相同PN序列扩展的接收扩展频谱信号之间的同步。
在本典型实施例中,对导频信号扩展的调制器和PN发生器20都是最大长度移位寄存器,它们分别产生对导频信号进行扩展和去扩展的PN码序列。所以取得用作接收导频信号去扩展的编码和接收导频信号PN扩展码之间同步的操作包含确定移位寄存器的时间偏差。
扩展频谱信号由天线2提供到接收机4。接收机对信号进行下变频,并将该号提供至去扩展单元6。去扩展元件6用PN发生器20产生的PN码乘以接收信号。由于PN码的类似随机噪声特性,PN码与接收信号的乘积除了在同步点以外,应当基本为零。
然而,由于筹元这一级缺乏同步,而且由于引入的噪声,情况并非如此,并且给出虚假告警状态,这时,移动站会以为它已成功捕获导频信号,但实际上并非捕获。为了提高成功锁住所定情况必然性,重复测试数次。重复进行测试的次数是由搜索器控制器18决定的。搜索器控制器18可以用微处理器或微控制器做成硬件,也可以做成软件。
搜索器控制器18提供偏差假设给PN发生器20。本典型实施例中,接收信号是用正交相移键控(QPSK)来调制的,所以,PN发生器向去扩展单元6提供一用于I调制分量的PN序列和另一用作Q调制分量的PN序列。去扩展单元6用相应的调制分量乘以PN序列,并将二输出分量之积提供给相关累加器8和10。
相关累加器8和10在乘积序列的长度上对乘积求和。相关累加器8和10是根据来自搜索器控制器8的信号,对求和时间进行复位、锁存和设定的。乘积和从累加器8和10提供到平方运算装置12。平方运算装置12对每一个和取平方,并将平方值相加。
上述平方和由平方装置12提供给非相关累加器14。非相关累加器14确定平方装置12输出的能量值。非相关累加器14用来抵消基站发射时钟和移动站接收时钟之间的频率差异,并帮助进行衰落环境中的检测统计。如果你得知二时钟的频率完全相同,并且不存在深度衰落,则理想的方法是在整个累加时间内以下述形式对序列求总和: 这里PNI(n)和PNQ(n)可以为±1。
然而,如果可能存在频率不一致或衰落,则相关器将牺牲某些检测统计,从而具有更强的相关技术形式:搜索器控制器18将M值提供给非相干累加器14。
非相干累加器14将能量信号提供给比较装置16。比较装置16将能量值与搜索器控制器装置18提供的预定阈值比较。每一比较的结果随后被反馈到搜索器控制器18。搜索控制器18检查比较的情况,并确定该窗口是否包含正确偏差的可能候选值,随后,按照用规模可变窗的方法再扫描该窗口。
为了描述用规模可变窗口技术的益处,给出一例用固定窗口规模的方法。图2是能量值随筹元时间假设变化的曲线。本实施例中,窗口含有56个筹元假设。窗口描述了双阈值测试的使用。这里所指的阈值是检测阈值和有效阈值。
图3描述扫描假设数不变窗口的普通方法。程序从方框40开始,这里进行结合图1所描述的运行,给出图2中所示比较结果。结果“扫描”窗口后,在方框42没有假设的能量超过检测阈值(THM),则搜索器控制器18开始在方框47和40扫下一个窗口。
但是,如果计算的能量曲线上存在确实超过检测阈值(THM)的点,则程序进行到方框44中的确认阶段。方框44中,再次扫过同样大的窗口,并且此时将计算的能量与较低的阈值即有效阈值(THV)比较。如果在方框46中,检测的最大能量不超过阈值THV,则在方框47和40中扫描下一个大窗口。反之,程序进行到方框48,判定是否会出现20个连续的窗口均有效。如果测试得有效的次数低于N,例如N等于20,则程序进行到方框44,再扫描该大窗口。但是,在有效测试N次连续成功以后,则确定已搜索到导频信号。
现在来看图4,图中描述的是计算能量曲线以及本发明规模可变窗口的使用。检测到峰值时,搜索器控制器移向该峰值,并测试激起所测峰值的假设邻近小范围内的假设。
现在来看图5,本图描述的是本发明搜索器运行方法的流程图。在本发明改进的方法中,采用了一种三级搜索技术。方框80中,扫描大窗口。搜索器控制器18检查比较结果,确定是否存在比“检测阈值”(THM)更大的峰值。如果没有检测到大于THM的峰值,则流程回到方框80,扫描一新的窗口。
当在大窗口中找到大于THM峰值时,则流程进行到方框84。此时,只扫描检测峰值附近少量假设。此少量假设在图4中被描述成小窗口。第二次确认使用小窗口是为了通过大幅度地减少虚假告警的测试时间来缩短搜索时间。所述虚假状态下移动站开始时认为捕获已收缩到同步,但事实并非如此。进行第二次测试所需的时间是按照小窗口中的假设数与大窗口中的假设数之比而按比例减少的。对从该小窗口搜索的数据进行非相干累加,从而具有更好的操作特性。如果没有发现大于阈值THM2的能量,则流程回到方框80,搜索新的大窗口。
如果在方框86中,确定有一个计算的能量值大于阈值2(THM2),则流程进行到方框88。停止确认共有三种情况:(1)一行中扫描失效Vf次,(2)从100ms取样至下一个取样,频率估算值又回到其原来的数值上,(3)确定已经收索到导频信号。确认中,对峰值下的信号进行解调。方框88中,按照峰值的假设对接收信号进行解调。对解调信号的结果进行分析,以确定它们是否处在锁住的状态,如果是,则捕获完成。如果解调结果表示信号不是处在锁住的状态,则流程进行到方框92。
方框92中,将用于小窗口的计算能量值与有效阈值(THV)比较。如果在方框92中,小窗口中的计算能量值超过有效阈值,则流程进入步骤94,计数器变量被设定为零,随后流程回到方框88,继续进行前述流程。
如果在方框92中,小窗口中没有超过有效阈值的计算能量值,则流程进行到方框96,在此计数器变量递增,随后流程回到方框98,在此检验有效测试是否一行中失败Vf次,这里Vf可以是二。如果某一行中有效测试已失败了Vf次,则流程进行到方框80,并扫描新的大窗口。如果某一行中,有效测试失败的次数不到Vf次,则流程进行到方框88,并继续前述运行。
前述较佳实施例的描述使得任何本领域的技术人员可以制作或使用本发明。对本领域的技术人员来说十分明显,可以对这些实施例作各种修正,并且其基本原理可以应用于其他实施例,而无需利用发明专门人员。所以,本发明并非仅限于上述实施例,而应当在最大范围内来理解揭示的原理和特征。
Claims (27)
1.一种在直接序列扩展频谱接收机中用来处理某一接收信号的方法,其特征在于,它包含下述步骤:
计算按照第一组PN序列去扩展的所述接收信号的第一组信号相关能量值;
将所述第一组信号相关能量值与第一阈值比较;
按照所述第一组信号相关能量值选择第二组PN序列;
计算按照所述第二组PN序列去扩展的所述接收信号的第二组信号相关能量值,其中,所述第二组PN序列是所述第一组PN序列的子集;
按照所述第二组信号相关能量值,从所述第二组PN序列中选择出同步的PN序列;以及,
按照所述选择的同步PN序列,解调所述接收信号。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,它还包含将所述第二组信号相关能量值与一第二阈值比较的步骤。
3.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述方法还包含接收一广播信号并对所述广播信号进行下变频以提供所述接收信号的步骤。
4.如权利要求3所述的方法,其特征在于,计算所述第一组信号相关能量值的所述步骤包含下述步骤:
按照所述第一组PN序列中的每一PN序列,去扩展所述接收信号,以提供第一组去扩展信号;以及
计算用于每一所述去扩展信号的信号相关能量值。
5.如权利要求3所述的方法,其特征在于,计算所述第二组信号相干能量值的所述步骤包含下述步骤:
按照所述第二组PN序列中的每一PN序列,对所述接收信号进行去扩展,以提供第二组所述去扩展信号;以及
计算所述第二组去扩展信号中每一所述去扩展信号的信号相关能量值。
6.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,它还包含产生所述第一组PN序列的步骤。
7.如权利要求6所述的方法,其特征在于,产生所述第一组PN序列的所述步骤包含下述步骤:
提供一控制信号,以及
按照所述控制信号产生所述第一组PN序列的一串PN序列。
8.如权利要求7所述的方法,其特征在于,所述控制信号是一个时间偏移信号,产生PN序列的所述步骤包含按照所述时间偏移,从移位寄存器输出所述PN序列的步骤。
9.如权利要求6所述的方法,其特征在于,产生所述第二组PN序列的所述步骤包含下述步骤:
提供一控制信号;以及
按照所述控制信号产生所述第二组PN序列中的一PN序列。
10.如权利要求9所述的方法,其特征在于,所述控制信号是时间偏移的,并且产生第二组PN序列的所述步骤包含按照所述时间偏移从一移位寄存器输出所述PN序列。
11.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,它还包含产生所述第二组PN序列的步骤。
12.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述第一组PN序列包含正交PNI序列和PNQ序列组。
13.如权利要求12所述的方法,其特征在于,计算所述第一组信号相关能量值的所述步骤包含下述步骤:
通过所述PNI序列和PNQ序列对所述接收信号的I分量和接收信号的Q分量进行去扩展,以提供所述接收信号的相应去扩展的I分量和Q分量;
相干累加所述接收信号的所述去扩展I分量,以提供累加的I分量;
相干累加所述接收信号的所述去扩展Q分量,以提供累加的Q分量;
对每一所述累加的I分量和所述累加的Q分量取平方,并对所述累加的I分量的平方值和所述累加的Q分量的平方值取和;
非相干组合所述累加的I分量和所述累加的Q分量的所述平方值之和。
14.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述第二组PN序列包含正交PNI和PNQ序列组。
15.如权利要求14所述的方法,其特征在于,计算所述第二组信号相关能量值的所述步骤包含下述步骤:
通过所述PNI和PNQ序列,对所述接收信号的I分量和所述接收信号的Q分量去扩展,以提供所述接收信号的相应去扩展I分量和Q分量;
相关累加所述接收信号的所述去扩展I分量,以提供一累加的I分量;
相关累加所述接收信号的所述去扩展Q分量,以提供一累加的Q分量;
对所述累加的I分量和所述累加的Q分量取平方,并将所述累加的I分量和所述累加的Q分量的所述平方值加和;以及
将所述累加的I分量和所述累加的Q分量的所述平方的所述和非相关组合起来。
16.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述接收信号是导频信号。
17.一种用来选择同步解调序列的装置,其特征在于,它包含:
序列发生器装置,用来接收第一控制信号,从而根据所述第一控制信号提供多个解调序列;
解调器装置,用来接收设备的接收信号,并按照所述多个解调序列对该接收的信号进行解调,以提供多个去扩展信号;
相关器装置,用来接收所述多个去扩展信号,并计算所述多个去扩展信号的信号相关能量值;
搜索器控制器装置,用来接收所述信号相关能量值,并按照所述信号相关能量值提供所述第一控制信号和第二控制信号;
其中,所述序列发生器装置还用来接收所述第二控制信号,并按照所述第二控制信号提供第二多个解调序列,而且所述第二多个解调序列是所述第一多个解调序列的子集。
18.如权利要求17所述的装置,其特征在于,所述相关器装置包含累加器装置,用来接收所述多个去扩展信号,并在固定长度上对去扩展信号求和。
19.如权利要求17所述的装置,其特征在于,所述接收信号包含第一接收信号分量和第二接收信号分量;所述解调器装置用来接收所述第一接收信号分量和所述第二接收信号分量,并按照第一多个解调序列解调所述第一接收信号分量,以提供第一多个去扩展信号,还用来按照第二多个解调序列解调所述第二接收信号分量,以提供第二多个去扩展信号;所述序列发生器装置用来产生所述第一多个解调序列和所述第二多个解调序列。
20.如权利要求19所述的装置,其特征在于,所述相关器装置包含:
第一累加器装置,用来接收所述第一多个去扩展信号,并在预定的长度上对每一所述第一多个去扩展信号求和,以提供第一多个去扩展总和值;
第二累加器装置,用来接收所述第二多个去扩展信号,并在预定长度上对每一所述第二多个去扩展信号求和,以提供第二多个去扩展总和值;
组合器装置,用来接收所述第一多个去扩展总和值,还用来接收所述第二多个去扩展总和值,再用来将所述第一多个去扩展总和值和所述第二多个去扩展总和值组合在一起,以提供所述信号相关能量值。
21.如权利要求20所述的装置,其特征在于,所述组合器装置包含:
平方运算装置,用来接收所述第一多个去扩展总和值,接收所述第二多个去扩展总和值,并对每一所述第一多个去扩展总和值和每一所述第二多个去扩展总和值取平方,再将每一所述第一多个取了平方的去扩展总和值与对应的所述第二多个取了平方的去扩展总和值相加,以提供多个能量幅度值;
非相干组合器,用来接收所述多个能量幅度值,并按照所述多个能量幅度值计算所述信号相关能量值。
22.如权利要求21所述的装置,其特征在于,所述搜索器控制器装置还用来提供组合信号;并且所述非相干组合器响应于所述组合信号。
23.一种用来选择同步解调序列的系统,其特征在于,它包含:
序列发生器,它具有用来接收第一控制信号的输入端和一输出端;
解调器,它具有与所述序列发生器输出端相连的输入端和一输出端;
能量计算器,它具有与所述解调器输出端相连的输入端和一输出端;
搜索器控制器,它具有与所述能量计算器输出端相连的输入端。
24.如权利要求23所述的系统,其特征在于,所述能量计算器包含一种相干累加器。
25.如权利要求23所述的系统,其特征在于,所述序列发生器有一个第二输出端;并且所述解调器具有与所述序列发生器第二输出端耦连的第二输入端。
26.如权利要求23所述的系统,其特征在于,所述解调器有一个第二输出端,并且所述能量计算器包含:
具有与所述解调器输出端相连的输入端且具有一个输出端的第一相干累加器;
具有与所述第二解调器输出端相连的输入端且具有一个输出端的第二相干累加器;
具有与所述第一相干累加器输出端相连的第一输入端、与所述第二相干累加器输出端相连的第二输入端且具有一输出端的平方和计算器;
具有与所述平方和计算器输出端相连的输入端的非相干累加器。
27.如权利要求23所述的系统,其特征在于,它还包含一阈值比较比,所述阈值比较器具有与所述能量计算器输出耦合的输入端和一输出端。
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EP0721703B1 (en) | 2004-09-22 |
ZA955939B (en) | 1996-04-22 |
CN1130962A (zh) | 1996-09-11 |
MY113395A (en) | 2002-02-28 |
AU3095895A (en) | 1996-03-04 |
BR9506273A (pt) | 1997-08-12 |
RU2216852C2 (ru) | 2003-11-20 |
TW305089B (zh) | 1997-05-11 |
FI961294A0 (fi) | 1996-03-20 |
ATE277458T1 (de) | 2004-10-15 |
MX9601211A (es) | 1997-06-28 |
FI114593B (fi) | 2004-11-15 |
DE69533540D1 (de) | 2004-10-28 |
FI961294A (fi) | 1996-03-20 |
DE69533540T2 (de) | 2005-11-17 |
AU687228B2 (en) | 1998-02-19 |
JPH09503374A (ja) | 1997-03-31 |
EP0721703A1 (en) | 1996-07-17 |
US5644591A (en) | 1997-07-01 |
WO1996004716A1 (en) | 1996-02-15 |
KR100386020B1 (ko) | 2003-10-04 |
IL114762A0 (en) | 1995-11-27 |
IL114762A (en) | 1998-10-30 |
HK1015197A1 (en) | 1999-10-08 |
CA2172370A1 (en) | 1996-02-15 |
CA2172370C (en) | 2008-03-18 |
JP3040481B2 (ja) | 2000-05-15 |
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