CN110304934B - 一种糊料、层状受电弓滑板及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种糊料、层状受电弓滑板及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN110304934B
CN110304934B CN201910579050.2A CN201910579050A CN110304934B CN 110304934 B CN110304934 B CN 110304934B CN 201910579050 A CN201910579050 A CN 201910579050A CN 110304934 B CN110304934 B CN 110304934B
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赵立江
吴广宁
魏文赋
杨泽锋
高国强
左浩梓
李响
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Abstract

本发明公开一种层状受电弓滑板的制备方法,它包括以下步骤:a.将糊料均匀倒入成型模具中,每隔1‑5mm厚度的糊料加入一层石墨片,通过压力机从成型模具的出料口挤出生坯;b.将生坯放入坩埚内.再把坩埚放入焙烧炉中按照升温条件进行一次焙烧;c.一次焙烧之后在压力为1MPa的压力下进行沥青浸渍,时间为2小时;d.最后进行二次焙烧,即得层状受电弓滑板;本发明以沥青焦和石油焦作为骨料,以沥青溶体和纳米氧化铝作为粘结剂,并且加入碳纤维作为增强相,在此基础上,还加入了石墨片层状结构,使得制备得到的受电弓滑板的强度、韧性、冷热疲劳度、散热性、导电性、耐磨性等都得到了极大的提高。

Description

一种糊料、层状受电弓滑板及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于受电弓滑板制备技术领域,尤其涉及一种糊料、层状受电弓滑板及其制备方法。
背景技术
受电弓滑板作为高速列车获取能量的关键集电元件,其良好的服役性能是保障列车安全、可靠运行的根本。滑板质量的优劣对机车受流状况有重要的影响,受电弓滑板直接与接触导线接触,在静止或滑动状态下从接触网获取电能为机车供电,长期暴露在自然环境下工作,且在运行过程中由于离线等原因不断受到电弧烧蚀、机械磨损,因此,对于受电弓滑板的材料性能有着十分苛刻的要求。
现有的受电弓滑板材料常因自身材料的缺陷难以承受在长时间、高速度、大电流的情况下工作的需求。传统的浸金属滑板、金属基滑板和碳基金属纤维滑板均因难以兼顾上述条件产生各种缺陷。此外,随着高铁运行速度的不断提升,对于滑板材料的性能提出了更高的要求。另外,结合当前青藏铁路的建设提上日程,严苛的环境条件,恶劣的气候变化,隧道气压变化以及冷热交替频繁等等,这些都为列车稳定受流提出了严峻的挑战。在这种情况下,普通的受电弓滑板已经远远无法满足列车的稳定运行以及安全问题,尤其是其中的冷热交替现象以及气压快速变化,必然会使得电弧的变化更加难以把握,所以受电弓滑板必须具备优良的散热性能和冷热疲劳强度的性能。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种糊料、层状受电弓滑板及其制备方法。
本发明是这样实现的,一种制备层状受电弓滑板的糊料,它是由如下重量配比的原辅料制备而成:碳纤维1-10份,硼粉0.1-5份,氧化铝粉末0.1-5份,石油焦10-30份,沥青焦10-30份,沥青5-20份。
进一步的,它是由如下重量配比的原辅料制备而成:碳纤维4份,硼粉1份,氧化铝粉末1份,石油焦15份,沥青焦15份,沥青10份;或者,碳纤维6份,硼粉1份,氧化铝粉末1.5份,石油焦20份,沥青焦20份,沥青15份。
本发明还提供上述糊料的制备方法,它包括以下步骤:S1.按重量配比称取原辅料;S2.研磨及搅拌;S3.混捏,即得制备层状受电弓滑板的糊料。
进一步的,在步骤S2中,将碳纤维、硼粉、石油焦和沥青焦置于球磨机中进行粉碎100-300min,粉碎颗粒的出料粒度为0.1-20μm,得到粉碎干料;同时,将沥青加热至500-700℃,加入氧化铝粉末并搅拌均匀,得到粘结剂,所述氧化铝粉末为纳米级氧化铝。
进一步的,在步骤S3中,先将配好的粉碎干料放入混捏机中,以60r/min的速度进行搅拌30-50min,搅拌温度为120-130℃;然后将粘结剂加入到混捏机中,混捏时间为20-40min。
本发明提到的氧化铝粉末也就是纳米级氧化铝,其采用的是比表面较大,孔隙率高、耐热性强,成型性好,具有较强的表面酸性和一定的表面碱性的氧化铝粉末,并且具有粒度分布均匀、纯度高、极好分散,其比表面高,具有耐高温的惰性,高活性的特性,而且,其多孔性、硬度高、尺寸稳定性好的特性可以使该材料具有致密性、光洁度、冷热疲劳性、断裂韧性、抗蠕变性能,而且耐磨性能尤为显著。由于该类氧化铝粉末还具有极好分散性,所以把纳米氧化铝作为粘结剂的添加剂是一种极好的选择。
硼作为类金属具有降低熔点、减小膨胀,提高强度硬度的特性,而且当在焙烧的高温下还会与部分碳元素进行键合,形成碳化硼或其他化合物,不仅增加了受电弓滑板的结构稳定性,而且碳化硼作是继金刚石、氮化硼、的已知第三种最硬的物质,不仅提高了其强度和硬度,也增加了受电弓滑板的耐磨性能。
混捏是各种颗粒的粉粒干料与粘结剂经过操作使其达到均匀、密实具有一定可塑性的糊料的工艺过程,干捏将各种不同粒径的骨料均匀分布,使颗粒之间的空隙用更小的颗粒补填,以提高糊料的密实程度,湿捏将粘结剂更均匀包裹在各种干料颗粒的表面,并渗透到颗粒的孔径中,由粘结剂的粘结力把所有颗粒互相结合起来,这样更利于成形,同时,使得糊料具有良好的可塑性。
本发明还提供一种层状受电弓滑板,包括层状分布的石墨片和上述的糊料。
优选地,石墨片厚度不大于10μm。
该石墨片是石墨烯的层状微米结构,理论上是不存在缺陷和悬挂键,其中石墨烯是一种由碳原子以sp2杂化轨道组成六角型呈蜂巢晶格的平面薄膜,只有一个碳原子厚度的二维材料。而石墨片是建立在石墨烯单元基础上的晶粒,该晶粒中的石墨烯平面基本上互相平行取向,具有极其优良的导电性和散热性;
石墨烯是目前已知的具有高抗磨耐磨性能的纳米材料之一,极限耐磨强度是普通石墨的两倍以上,而且石墨片在被磨损的过程中,厚度减小的过程会使得其耐磨强度不断提升,所以层状结构使得滑板在磨损的过程中会极大地增大其耐磨性,而且具有很好的自润滑性能。
本发明还提供上述层状受电弓滑板的制备方法,它包括以下步骤:a.将糊料均匀倒入成型模具中,每隔1-5mm厚度的糊料加入一层石墨片,通过压力机从成型模具的出料口挤出生坯;b.将生坯放入坩埚内.再把坩埚放入焙烧炉中按照升温条件进行一次焙烧;c.一次焙烧之后在压力为1MPa的压力下进行沥青浸渍,时间为2小时;d.最后进行二次焙烧,即得层状受电弓滑板。
进一步的,在步骤a中,挤压压力为10-15Mpa,挤压温度为150-250℃。
进一步的,在步骤b中,所述焙烧环境为真空环境;升温条件为:在升温区间100-300℃时,每小时升温6-8℃;在升温区间300-650℃时,每小时升温3-6℃;在升温区间650-900℃,每小时升温6-8℃;在升温区间900-1300℃时,每小时升温10-15℃,焙烧时间为150-200小时。
进一步的,在步骤d中,焙烧时间为120-150小时,焙烧温度为700-900℃。
石墨片的原子是碳原子,因此在进行成形及其高温焙烧过程中很容易与沥青分子中的碳原子进行键合,不仅保证了该层状结构的稳定性,也通过稳定的结构使得散热性能更加的稳定,有效的减少了在电弧的烧蚀过程中因散热不均匀导致的烧蚀坑和溅射颗粒的存在。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果是:
本发明公开制备受电弓滑板的糊料,以沥青焦和石油焦作为骨料,以沥青溶体和纳米氧化铝作为粘结剂,并且加入碳纤维作为增强相,在此基础上,还加入了石墨片层状结构,使得制备得到的受电弓滑板的强度、韧性、冷热疲劳度、散热性、导电性、耐磨性等都得到了极大的提高,该层状结构滑板由于添加了石墨片使得导电性、散热性和冷热疲劳强度等的特性更加突出。
附图说明
图1为层状受电弓滑板截面示意图;
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白,以下结合实施例,对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解,此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明,并不用于限定本发明。
本发明所采用的原材料均为市售品。
实施例1层状受电弓滑板制备
①准备原材料,原材料按照重量百分比,有碳纤维1-10份,硼粉0.1-5份,氧化铝粉末0.1-5份,石油焦10-30份,沥青焦10-30份,沥青5-20份;
②将碳纤维、硼粉、石油焦和沥青焦置于球磨机中进行粉碎100-300min,粉碎颗粒的出料粒度为0.1-20μm,得到粉碎干料;同时,将沥青加热至500-700℃,加入氧化铝粉末并搅拌均匀,得到粘结剂;
③先将配好的粉碎干料放入混捏机中,以60r/min的速度进行搅拌30-50min,搅拌温度为120-130℃;然后将粘结剂加入到混捏机中,混捏时间为20-40min,即得糊料;
④选用厚度不大于10μm的石墨片,将糊料均匀倒入成型模具中,每隔1-5mm厚度的糊料加入一层石墨片,通过压力机从成型模具的出料口挤出生坯,挤压压力为10-15Mpa,挤压温度为150-250℃;
⑤将生坯放入坩埚内,再把坩埚放入焙烧炉中按照升温条件进行一次焙烧;焙烧环境为真空环境;升温条件为:在升温区间100-300℃时,每小时升温6-8℃;在升温区间300-650℃时,每小时升温3-6℃;在升温区间650-900℃,每小时升温6-8℃;在升温区间900-1300℃时,每小时升温10-15℃,焙烧时间为150-200小时。
⑥一次焙烧之后在压力为1MPa的压力下进行沥青浸渍,时间为2小时;
⑦最后进行二次焙烧,焙烧时间为120-150小时,焙烧温度为700-900℃,即得层状受电弓滑板。
本发明实施例制备的层状受电弓滑板的理化指标参数为:
体积密度:1.50-1.95g/cm3;
抗折强度:70-85MPa;
抗压强度:85-95Mpa;
冲击韧性:0.12-0.20J/cm3;
20℃电阻率:10-15μΩ.m;
洛氏硬度:50-65HRC;
导热系数:500-750W/mK。
实施例2层状受电弓滑板制备
①准备原材料,原材料按照重量百分比,有碳纤维4份,硼粉1份,氧化铝粉末1份,石油焦15份,沥青焦15份,沥青10份;
②将碳纤维、硼粉、石油焦和沥青焦置于球磨机中进行粉碎100-300min,粉碎颗粒的出料粒度为0.1-20μm,得到粉碎干料;同时,将沥青加热至500-700℃,加入氧化铝粉末并搅拌均匀,得到粘结剂;
③先将配好的粉碎干料放入混捏机中,以60r/min的速度进行搅拌30-50min,搅拌温度为120-130℃;然后将粘结剂加入到混捏机中,混捏时间为20-40min,即得糊料;
④选用厚度不大于10μm的石墨片,将糊料均匀倒入成型模具中,每隔2mm厚度的糊料加入一层石墨片,通过压力机从成型模具的出料口挤出生坯,挤压压力为10Mpa,挤压温度为150-250℃;
⑤将生坯放入坩埚内,再把坩埚放入焙烧炉中按照升温条件进行一次焙烧;焙烧环境为真空环境;焙烧时间为150小时;
⑥一次焙烧之后在压力为1MPa的压力下进行沥青浸渍,时间为2小时;
⑦最后进行二次焙烧,焙烧时间为120小时,焙烧温度为800℃,即得层状受电弓滑板。
本发明实施例制备的层状受电弓滑板的理化指标参数为:
体积密度:1.68g/cm;
抗折强度:78MPa;
抗压强度:91Mpa;
冲击韧性:0.16J/cm3;
20℃电阻率:12μΩ.m;
洛氏硬度:58HRC;
导热系数:720W/mK。
实施例3层状受电弓滑板制备
①准备原材料,原材料按照重量百分比,有碳纤维6份,硼粉1份,氧化铝粉末1.5份,石油焦20份,沥青焦20份,沥青15份;
②将碳纤维、硼粉、石油焦和沥青焦置于球磨机中进行粉碎100-300min,粉碎颗粒的出料粒度为0.1-20μm,得到粉碎干料;同时,将沥青加热至500-700℃,加入氧化铝粉末并搅拌均匀,得到粘结剂;
③先将配好的粉碎干料放入混捏机中,以60r/min的速度进行搅拌30-50min,搅拌温度为120-130℃;然后将粘结剂加入到混捏机中,混捏时间为20-40min,即得糊料;
④选用厚度不大于10μm的石墨片,将糊料均匀倒入成型模具中,每隔4mm厚度的糊料加入一层石墨片,通过压力机从成型模具的出料口挤出生坯,挤压压力为10Mpa,挤压温度为150-250℃;
⑤将生坯放入坩埚内,再把坩埚放入焙烧炉中按照升温条件进行一次焙烧;焙烧环境为真空环境,焙烧时间为150小时;
⑥一次焙烧之后在压力为1MPa的压力下进行沥青浸渍,时间为2小时;
⑦最后进行二次焙烧,焙烧时间为120小时,焙烧温度为800℃,即得层状受电弓滑板。
本发明实施例制备的层状受电弓滑板的理化指标参数为:
体积密度:1.72g/cm;
抗折强度:81MPa;
抗压强度:92MPa;
冲击韧性:0.15J/cm3;
20℃电阻率:12μΩ.m;
洛氏硬度:62HRC;
导热系数:610W/mK。
请参阅图1,本发明公开的层状受电弓滑板的制备方法,以沥青焦和石油焦作为骨料,以沥青溶体和纳米氧化铝作为粘结剂,并且加入碳纤维作为增强相,在此基础上,还加入了石墨片层状结构,使得制备得到的受电弓滑板的强度、韧性、冷热疲劳度、散热性、导电性、耐磨性等都得到了极大的提高。该层状结构滑板由于添加了石墨片使得导电性、散热性和冷热疲劳强度等的特性更加突出。
以上仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (6)

1.一种层状受电弓滑板的制备方法,其特征在于,它包括以下步骤:
制备糊料:
S1.按重量配比称取原辅料;它是由如下重量配比的原辅料制备而成:碳纤维1-10份,硼粉0.1-5份,氧化铝粉末0.1-5份,石油焦10-30份,沥青焦10-30份,沥青5-20份;
S2.研磨机搅拌,将碳纤维、硼粉、石油焦和沥青焦置于球磨机中进行粉碎100-300min,粉碎颗粒的出料粒度为0.1-20μm,得到粉碎干料;同时,将沥青加热至500-700℃,加入氧化铝粉末并搅拌均匀,得到粘结剂,所述氧化铝粉末为纳米级氧化铝;
S3.混捏,先将配好的粉碎干料放入混捏机中,以60r/min的速度进行搅拌30-50min,搅拌温度为120-130℃;然后将粘结剂加入到混捏机中,混捏时间为20-40min,即得制备层状受电弓滑板的糊料;
制备层状受电弓滑板:
a.将糊料均匀倒入成型模具中,每隔1-5mm厚度的糊料加入一层石墨片,该石墨片是石墨烯的层状微米结构,通过压力机从成型模具的出料口挤出生坯;b.将生坯放入坩埚内,再把坩埚放入焙烧炉中按照升温条件进行一次焙烧;c.一次焙烧之后在压力为1MPa的压力下进行沥青浸渍,时间为2小时;d.最后进行二次焙烧,即得层状受电弓滑板。
2.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,在步骤a中,挤压压力为10-15Mpa,挤压温度为150-250℃。
3.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,在步骤b中,所述焙烧环境为真空环境;升温条件为:在升温区间100-300℃时,每小时升温6-8℃;在升温区间300-650℃时,每小时升温3-6℃;在升温区间650-900℃,每小时升温6-8℃;在升温区间900-1300℃时,每小时升温10-15℃,焙烧时间为150-200小时。
4.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,在步骤d中,焙烧时间为120-150小时,焙烧温度为700-900℃。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种层状受电弓滑板的制备方法,其特征在于,它是由如下重量配比的原辅料制备而成:碳纤维4份,硼粉1份,氧化铝粉末1份,石油焦15份,沥青焦15份,沥青10份;或者,碳纤维6份,硼粉1份,氧化铝粉末1.5份,石油焦20份,沥青焦20份,沥青15份。
6.一种层状受电弓滑板,其特征在于:所述层状受电弓滑板是根据权利要求1~5任一一项所述的层状受电弓滑板的制备方法制备而成。
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