CN110296947B - 一种水泥六价铬测试粉体指示剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种水泥六价铬测试粉体指示剂及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种快速测定水泥六价铬含量的粉体指示剂,其特征在于其是采用如下重量份数比组份制成的:六价铬显色剂二苯碳酰二肼共聚改性聚合物65~70、保质剂维生素C 0.15~1.0、助溶剂乙酰胺0.15~2.0、酸度调节剂碳酸氢钠25~30及稳定剂乙二胺四乙酸二钠0.15~1.0。本发明性状为粉状固体,不含有机溶剂和水,提高了指示剂的稳定性,延长了有效储存时间,密封避光情况下一般可稳定储存1~2年。且该粉体指示剂能在水中快速溶解,克服了显色剂二苯碳酰二肼在水中溶解度低及在有机溶剂或水中容易氧化变质的缺点。本发明提供的指示剂可以直接加入到待测样品溶液中,检测快速灵敏,节约实验时间,且测定指标完全符合国家标准,具有广泛的推广应用价值。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种检测指示剂及其制备方法,特别是一种测定水泥六价铬含量的指示剂及其制备方法。
背景技术
近年来,水泥六价铬污染问题引起了国家有关部门的高度重视。2015年10月,国家标准《GB 31893-2015水泥中水溶性铬(VI)的限量及测定方法》开始实施,水泥中六价铬离子含量的准确测定已成为一个常规性的、重要的水泥技术指标。在测试水泥样品铬离子含量时,需要向待测水泥滤液中加入含六价铬显色剂二苯碳酰二肼的丙酮溶液,之后在光波长540nm处检测样品的吸光度值。根据标准品制成的标准曲线中该吸光度值对应的六价铬含量,从而确定出水泥样品中六价铬的含量。
现有六价铬显色剂存在以下问题:
1) 六价铬显色剂二苯碳酰二肼水溶性差,需要以丙酮等对人体有毒害作用的物质作为溶剂,容易造成实验室环境污染,增加使用过程中显色剂对人体的损害;
2) 现有技术中显色剂二苯碳酰二肼的丙酮溶液不稳定,见光易分解,或在空气中易被氧化,保质期非常短。常温下仅能保存3-7天,需要现配现用。无法满足显色剂需长时间保持显色能力、不变质的要求。
3) 显色剂二苯碳酰二肼在丙酮中的溶解速度较慢,实验操作时间长。
4) 显色剂对体系pH敏感,需要用盐酸调整体系pH至2.1~2.5范围内,增加实验工作量。
发明内容
本发明目的在于提供一种水泥六价铬测试粉体指示剂及其配制方法,以解决现有技术中水泥六价铬显色剂水溶性差、保质期短、配制时间较长、对pH敏感的技术问题。
为实现上述目的,根据本发明的一个方面,一种六水泥六价铬测试粉体指示剂,包括六价铬显色剂二苯碳酰二肼共聚改性聚合物,还包括用于延长所述六价铬显色剂保质期和增大溶解度的辅助试剂。
进一步地,所述六价铬显色剂二苯碳酰二肼共聚改性聚合物是将二苯碳酰二肼与聚合物单体发生共聚改性反应。
进一步地,所述聚合物单体包括丙烯酰胺、醋酸乙烯酯、丙烯酸、羟乙基丙烯酸、顺丁烯二酸酐、马来酸酐中的一种或多种。
所述的共聚改性反应,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
将聚合物单体分散于去离子水中,形成混溶液;
向所述混溶液中再滴加含引发剂的二苯碳酰二肼丙酮溶液,在温度不超过50℃水浴中进行加热, 经搅拌、冷冻干燥得到六价铬显色剂二苯碳酰二肼共聚改性聚合物。
所述的引发剂,其特征在于,所述的引发剂包括偶氮二异丁腈、过氧化二酰、过硫酸铵、过硫酸钾、双氧水、硫酸亚铁中的一种或多种。
所述的水泥六价铬测试粉体指示剂的配制方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
将六价铬显色剂二苯碳酰二肼共聚改性聚合物加入到分散均质机中;
再依次加入保质剂维生素C 、助溶剂乙酰胺、酸度调节剂碳酸氢钠及稳定剂乙二胺四乙酸二钠。 经搅拌、干燥得到水泥六价铬测试粉体指示剂。
本发明具有以下有益效果:
本发明提供的水泥六价铬测试粉体指示剂中将二苯碳酰二肼与聚合物单体发生共聚反应,再加入保质剂维生素C 、助溶剂乙酰胺、酸度调节剂碳酸氢钠及稳定剂乙二胺四乙酸二钠,提高显色剂溶解性能和延长保质期的作用。保质期长达12个月以上。显色剂中无需使用苯二甲酸酐等难溶性保质剂,是水溶性好的粉状固体,提高了显色剂的配制效率。而且采用该显色剂还能提高检测六价铬过程中样品对检测光源产生光线的遮盖率,即使样品中六价铬含量较低也能检测到,提高检测灵敏度。
附图说明
图1为二苯碳酰二肼丙烯酸共聚改性聚合物红外谱图。
图2为二苯碳酰二肼丙烯酸共聚改性聚合物核磁氢谱谱图。
图3为二苯碳酰二肼丙烯酸共聚改性聚合物核磁碳谱谱图。
具体实施方式
以下结合实施例对本发明进行详细说明,但是本发明可以由权利要求限定和覆盖的多种不同方式实施。
若未特别指明,实施例中所用的技术手段为本领域技术人员所熟知的常规手段。
本文中涉及到的百分号“%”,若未特别说明,是指质量百分比;但溶液的百分比,除另有规定外,是指溶液100ml中含有溶质若干克;液体之间的百分比,是指在20℃时容量的比例。
本文中保质期是指铬指示剂具有检测六价铬离子作用的时间。
本发明提供了一种还包括用于延长六价铬显色剂保质期的辅助试剂,铬指示剂与辅助试剂混合得到水泥六价铬测试粉体指示剂。
本发明提供的水泥六价铬测试粉体指示剂中将二苯碳酰二肼与聚合物单体发生共聚反应,再加入保质剂维生素C 、助溶剂乙酰胺、酸度调节剂碳酸氢钠及稳定剂乙二胺四乙酸二钠,提高显色剂溶解性能和延长保质期的作用。同时由于铬指示剂水溶性非常好,因而可以直接加入待测样品溶液中,提高配制效率。采用上述方法配制的六价铬显色剂能提高六价铬检测过程中样品对检测光源(光源波长为540nm)产生光线的遮盖率,即使样品中六价铬含量较低也能检测到,提高检测灵敏度。
二苯碳酰二肼是常用的铬指示剂,它水溶性差、易氧化。本发明通过实验发现二苯碳酰二肼与聚合物单体发生共聚反应,再将各种辅助试剂按比例混合,能延长所得显色剂的保质期,该显色剂加入到待测溶液时溶解快速仅需5分钟即可完全溶解,还能提高显色剂对六价铬的检测灵敏度。上述效果的取得可能是由于二苯碳酰二肼与聚合物单体共聚反应后,二苯碳酰二肼的易反应基团得到聚合物的保护,从而增大水溶性和提高稳定性,从而延长了显色剂的保质期。同时水溶性的辅助试剂又提高了铬指示剂的溶解性,从而缩短了配制时间。而无需使用溶解性较差的苯二甲酸酐。该指示剂共同与样品作用时,提高了样品与显色剂的相互作用,增大了样品中六价铬离子与铬离子指示剂的接触机会,从而提高了显色剂的灵敏度。
二苯碳酰二肼共聚改性聚合物的加入质量比为65~70、保质剂维生素C 0.15~1.0、助溶剂乙酰胺0.15~2.0、酸度调节剂碳酸氢钠25~30及稳定剂乙二胺四乙酸二钠0.15~1.0。按此比例配制所得的粉状指示剂具有较好的保质期。二苯碳酰二肼共聚改性聚合物的加入质量更优选为68%。此时显色剂灵敏度得到提高、保质期更长。按此比例混合后,该显色剂能检出六价铬浓度为0.005mg/L的样品,显色剂灵敏度达到最高。能使所得六价铬显色剂的保质期长达12个月以上。
优选所得六价铬显色剂中铬指示剂的用量为1g/L。此时能保证所得显色剂的显色效果较好。
本发明另一方面还提供了一种上述二苯碳酰二肼共聚改性聚合物的制备方法,包括以下步骤:将聚合物单体分散于去离子水中,形成混溶液;向所述混溶液中再滴加含引发剂的二苯碳酰二肼丙酮溶液,在温度不超过50℃水浴中进行加热,经搅拌、冷冻干燥得到六价铬显色剂二苯碳酰二肼共聚改性聚合物。
实施例
以下实施例中所用物料和设备均为市售。
以下实施例中六价铬显色剂的配制方法:
将聚合物单体分散于去离子水中,形成混溶液;
向所述混溶液中再滴加含引发剂的二苯碳酰二肼丙酮溶液,在温度不超过50℃水浴中进行加热, 经搅拌、冷冻干燥得到六价铬显色剂二苯碳酰二肼共聚改性聚合物。
以下实施例和对比例中显色剂显色方法:
抽取10ml样品,使用盐酸溶液调整样品pH值至2.1-2.5,充分搅拌,加入2ml显色剂,5分钟后测试吸光度。
以下实施例的样品检测均在分光光度仪中进行。
实施例1
将丙烯酸分散于去离子水中,形成混溶液;向所述混溶液中再滴加含引发剂偶氮二异丁腈的二苯碳酰二肼丙酮溶液,在温度不超过50℃水浴中进行加热, 经搅拌、冷冻干燥得到六价铬显色剂二苯碳酰二肼共聚改性聚合物。
将加入质量比为68的六价铬显色剂二苯碳酰二肼共聚改性聚合物加入到分散均质机中;
再依次加入保质剂维生素C 1.0 、助溶剂乙酰胺0.4、酸度调节剂碳酸氢钠30及稳定剂乙二胺四乙酸二钠0.6。 经搅拌、干燥得到水泥六价铬测试粉体指示剂。
实施例2
将醋酸乙烯酯分散于去离子水中,形成混溶液;向所述混溶液中再滴加含引发剂过硫酸钾的二苯碳酰二肼丙酮溶液,在温度不超过50℃水浴中进行加热, 经搅拌、冷冻干燥得到六价铬显色剂二苯碳酰二肼共聚改性聚合物。
将加入质量比为70的六价铬显色剂二苯碳酰二肼共聚改性聚合物加入到分散均质机中;
再依次加入保质剂维生素C 0.5 、助溶剂乙酰胺1.5、酸度调节剂碳酸氢钠27及稳定剂乙二胺四乙酸二钠1.0。 经搅拌、干燥得到水泥六价铬测试粉体指示剂。
对比例1
于分析天平上称取1.25g二苯碳酰二肼,加入500ml丙酮中搅匀得到显色剂。
对比例2
于分析天平上称取5g苯二甲酸酐溶于500ml无水乙醇,再加入1.25g二苯碳酰二肼搅拌至得到澄清溶液。
失效时间是指该显色剂在常温避光条件下储存,每隔5天用其对同一样品进行一次吸光度检测,至其吸光度值与第一次使用时相差超过5%时判为失效。分别测定实施例1~2和对比例1~2中所得显色剂的最低铬检出量。测定配制显色剂时制得澄清溶液的溶解时间。
对实施例1~2和对比例1~2中所得显色剂进行失效天数、溶解时间、最低铬检出量的测定结果列于表1中。
表1实施例1~2和对比例1~2中所得显色剂进行失效天数、溶解时间、最低铬检出量结果表
由表1可见,本发明提供的显色剂失效时间均大于12个月,溶解时间均短于10分钟,最低铬检出量低至0.005ppm。相对对比例1和2所得显色剂,本发明提供的显色剂保质期、溶解时间、检测灵敏度均得到了提高。
以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已,并不用于限制本发明,对于本领域的技术人员来说,本发明可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (4)
1.一种水泥六价铬测试粉体指示剂,其特征在于,包括重量份数为65~70的六价铬显色剂二苯碳酰二肼共聚改性聚合物、重量份数为 0.15~1.0的保质剂维生素C、重量份数为0.15~2.0的助溶剂乙酰胺、重量份数为25~30的酸度调节剂碳酸氢钠及重量份数为0.15~1.0的稳定剂乙二胺四乙酸二钠;所述六价铬显色剂二苯碳酰二肼共聚改性聚合物是将二苯碳酰二肼与聚合物单体发生共聚改性反应;所述的共聚改性反应,包括以下步骤:
将聚合物单体分散于去离子水中,形成混溶液;
向所述混溶液中再滴加含引发剂的二苯碳酰二肼丙酮溶液,在温度不超过50℃水浴中进行加热,经搅拌、冷冻干燥得到六价铬显色剂二苯碳酰二肼共聚改性聚合物。
2.根据权利要求1所述一种水泥六价铬测试粉体指示剂,其特征在于,所述的聚合物单体包括丙烯酰胺、醋酸乙烯酯、丙烯酸、羟乙基丙烯酸、顺丁烯二酸酐、马来酸酐中的一种或多种。
3.根据权利要求1所述一种水泥六价铬测试粉体指示剂,其特征在于,所述的引发剂包括偶氮二异丁腈、过氧化二酰、过硫酸铵、过硫酸钾、双氧水、硫酸亚铁中的一种或组合物。
4.根据权利要求1所述的水泥六价铬测试粉体指示剂的配制方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
将六价铬显色剂二苯碳酰二肼共聚改性聚合物加入到分散均质机中;
再依次加入保质剂维生素C 、助溶剂乙酰胺、酸度调节剂碳酸氢钠及稳定剂乙二胺四乙酸二钠;经搅拌、干燥得到水泥六价铬测试粉体指示剂。
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