CN110272474B - 大麦虫天然抗菌蛋白及其制备方法与应用 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供一种大麦虫天然抗菌蛋白及其制备方法与应用。本发明以大肠杆菌和/或金黄色葡萄球菌作为诱导剂,将菌液注射大麦虫幼虫或黄粉虫幼虫后饲养一段时间,采集幼虫的血淋巴液并提取抗菌蛋白。所得抗菌蛋白可用于制备抗菌剂或防腐剂。本发明提供的抗菌蛋白具有广谱抗菌性、稳定性高、安全性好等特点,制备工艺简单,原料廉价易得,应用前景广阔。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及生物技术领域,具体地说,涉及大麦虫天然抗菌蛋白及其制备方法与应用。
背景技术
青霉素的发现给病原细菌感染疾病治疗带来了质的飞跃,但是由于抗生素的滥用,抗生素耐药性致病菌增多成为目前越来越严重的问题。近年来新型抗生素研发匮乏,而随着人们对食品质量和环境质量要求越来越高,抗生素、防腐剂的使用逐渐受到限制。人们发现天然抗菌蛋白,特别是源自昆虫的天然抗菌蛋白是一种极具潜力的新型抗菌物和食品防腐剂。
目前具有抗菌活性的天然昆虫肽或者蛋白有200多种,多数具有广泛的抗菌性,而且对于哺乳动物毒性较小,分子量较小,耐热,并且水溶性较好。因此,昆虫抗菌肽或抗菌蛋白的开发利用已成为药理学、昆虫学、微生物学等多个领域的研究热点。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供大麦虫天然抗菌蛋白及其制备方法与应用。
为了实现本发明目的,第一方面,本发明提供大麦虫天然抗菌蛋白的制备方法,以大肠杆菌和/或金黄色葡萄球菌作为诱导剂,注射大麦虫幼虫后饲养12-48h,采集幼虫的血淋巴液并提取抗菌蛋白。具体方法包括以下步骤:
A、选用体长3cm以上的大麦虫幼虫或体长1cm以上的黄粉虫幼虫,以富含水分的蔬菜水果作为食物进行自由采食,饲养至幼虫体长达4cm以上;
B、用浓度为109-1012CFU/mL(优选1010CFU/mL)的大肠杆菌和/或金黄色葡萄球菌的菌液接种步骤A所得幼虫,接种部位为幼虫背部第4~第8体节间,每头虫接种量为1-3μL,然后继续饲养12-48h;
C、采集步骤B所得幼虫的血淋巴液(采集到的血淋巴液要迅速放于冰上,防止血淋巴氧化变黑),然后置于100℃沸水浴中5-10min,得到固形物,捣碎固形物,于4℃1000-3000g离心5-15min,收集上清;
D、步骤C所得上清经过截留分子量100KDa的超滤管超滤,所得超滤液再经过截留分子量30KDa的超滤管超滤,所得截留液中含有目的抗菌蛋白;
E、步骤D所得截留液经冷冻干燥即得大麦虫天然抗菌蛋白。
步骤A和B中幼虫饲养条件为:20-25℃,相对湿度30-80%。
本发明中,所述大肠杆菌可以是ATCC 25922。
所述金黄色葡萄球菌可以是ATCC 25923。
与本发明的大肠杆菌或金黄色葡萄球菌具有近似功能(可刺激昆虫幼虫产生抗菌肽)的免疫刺激物,如细菌毒素、细菌和真菌菌体、生物大分子物质等,均属于本发明保护范围。
前述的方法,步骤A中所述富含水分的蔬菜水果包括胡萝卜。
前述的方法,步骤C中采集幼虫血淋巴液的具体方法包括:剪断幼虫附肢,收集流出的血淋巴液;或者,剪断附肢后将虫体置于离心机套管内,于4℃1000-3000g离心5-15min,收集离心管管体中的液体即为血淋巴液。
前述的方法,步骤C将所述固形物捣碎之前,先向所述固形物中加入生理盐水,具体用量为1g虫体加入2-6mL生理盐水,并加入EDTA至终浓度为0.1-0.5mM,然后进行捣碎。
前述的方法,步骤E所述冷冻干燥的具体方法包括:将步骤D所得截留液冷冻至-50℃~-70℃(优选-70℃)得到凝固物,然后置于冷冻干燥机中,在真空度低于611Pa条件下,干燥至含水量低于所述凝固物重量的10%,然后于10-20℃(优选20℃),真空度不低于2340Pa条件下,继续干燥至含水量低于所述凝固物重量的5%,所得冻干粉即为大麦虫天然抗菌蛋白。
第二方面,本发明提供按照上述方法制备的大麦虫天然抗菌蛋白。
第三方面,本发明提供所述抗菌蛋白的以下任一应用:
1)用于制备抗菌剂或抗菌组合物;
2)用于制备防腐剂。
第四方面,本发明提供一种抗菌剂或抗菌组合物,有效成分包括所述的抗菌蛋白。
进一步地,所述抗菌剂或抗菌组合物的抗菌谱包括但不限于大肠杆菌d31、大肠杆菌d22、大肠杆菌O1450、大肠杆菌ATCC 25922、金黄色葡萄球菌ATCC 25923、藤黄微球菌、酿脓链球菌。
第五方面,本发明提供一种防腐剂,有效成分包括所述的抗菌蛋白。
在本发明的一个具体实施方式中,提供一种外伤凝胶药膏,其制备方法包括:将所述抗菌蛋白的冻干粉加入水中,配制成浓度0.1mg-4mg/mL,并加入1.5%卡波姆基质,即得。
借由上述技术方案,本发明至少具有下列优点及有益效果:
(一)抗菌谱广:本发明制备的大麦虫天然抗菌蛋白具有广谱抗菌性(革兰氏阴性与革兰氏阳性)。
(二)稳定性高:本发明制备的大麦虫天然抗菌蛋白能够在100℃30分钟,或者紫外线照射45min仍然保持较高的活性。
(三)安全性好:所述天然抗菌蛋白在超过有效浓度100倍的浓度下没有引起溶血效果。
(四)经济型:抗菌蛋白的来源为大麦虫,来源丰富,价格低廉,繁殖能力强。
(五)制备方法简易:使用常规制备色谱进行抗菌肽制备需昂贵的仪器,而本方法对设备要求更低,只需要可以反复利用的超滤管和离心机即可。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例1制备的抗菌蛋白在不同浓度下的溶血性试验。
图2为本发明实施例1制备的抗菌蛋白中紫外线照射下不同时间内,抗菌蛋白的抑菌圈大小(1.4mg每孔)。
图3为本发明实施例1制备的抗菌蛋白在不同煮沸时间下,抗菌蛋白的抑菌圈大小(1.4mg每孔)。
图4为本发明实施例1制备的抗菌蛋白的CCK8细胞毒性试验,细胞在加入1,2,4mg/ml抗菌蛋白时与对照组无显著差异。
图5为本发明实施例1中大麦虫天然抗菌蛋白的SDS-PAGE胶图。
具体实施方式
以下实施例用于说明本发明,但不用来限制本发明的范围。若未特别指明,实施例中所用的技术手段为本领域技术人员所熟知的常规手段,所用原料均为市售商品。
以下实施例中使用的大肠杆菌ATCC 25922和金黄色葡萄球菌ATCC 25923购自ATCC。
实施例1大麦虫天然抗菌蛋白的制备
包括以下步骤:
1、选用体长3cm以上的大麦虫幼虫,以富含水分的蔬菜水果作为食物进行自由采食,饲养至幼虫体长达4cm以上;
2、用浓度为1010CFU/mL的大肠杆菌(ATCC 25922)的菌液注射步骤A所得幼虫,接种部位为幼虫背部第4~第8体节间,每头虫接种量为2μL,然后继续饲养24h;
3、采集步骤2所得幼虫的血淋巴液(采集过程中血淋巴必须置于冰上防止血淋巴氧化变黑),然后置于100℃沸水浴中5-10min,得到固形物,捣碎固形物,于4℃3000g离心5-15min,收集上清;
具体地,剪断幼虫附肢,收集流出的血淋巴液;或者,剪断附肢后将虫体置于离心机套管内,于4℃3000g离心15min,收集离心管管体中的液体即为血淋巴液;
将所述固形物捣碎之前,先向所述固形物中加入生理盐水,具体用量为1g虫体加入5mL生理盐水,并加入EDTA至终浓度为0.1mM,然后进行捣碎;
4、步骤3所得上清经过截留分子量100KDa的超滤管超滤,所得超滤液再经过截留分子量30KDa的超滤管超滤,所得截留液中含有目的抗菌蛋白;
5、步骤4所得截留液经冷冻干燥即得大麦虫天然抗菌蛋白。冷冻干燥的具体方法:将步骤4所得截留液冷冻至-70℃得到凝固物,然后置于冷冻干燥机中,在真空度5Pa条件下,干燥至含水量低于所述凝固物重量的10%,然后于20℃,真空度25Pa条件下,继续干燥至含水量低于所述凝固物重量的5%,所得冻干粉即为大麦虫天然抗菌蛋白。
步骤1和2中幼虫饲养条件为:22℃,相对湿度40%。
超滤后,使用SDS-PAGE获得的蛋白胶图见图5,切取60KD和80KD这两条差异条带,按照说明书使用PAGE胶蛋白微量回收试剂盒(生工生物,货号c500062)回收诱导组与非诱导组差异条带蛋白,使用抑菌圈法验证其抗菌性,验证菌使用ATCC25922(大肠杆菌),可以得到诱导组具有抑菌活性。
实施例2大麦虫天然抗菌蛋白的制备
包括以下步骤:
1、选用体长3cm以上的大麦虫幼虫,以富含水分的蔬菜水果作为食物进行自由采食,饲养至幼虫体长达4cm以上;
2、用浓度为1010CFU/mL的ATCC25923金黄色葡萄球菌的菌液注射步骤A所得幼虫,接种部位为幼虫背部第4~第8体节间,每头虫接种量为2μL,然后继续饲养24h;
3、采集步骤2所得幼虫的血淋巴液,采集过程中血淋巴必须置于冰上防止血淋巴氧化变黑,然后置于100℃沸水浴中5-10min,得到固形物,捣碎固形物,于4℃3000g离心5-15min,收集上清;
具体地,剪断幼虫附肢,收集流出的血淋巴液;或者,剪断附肢后将虫体置于离心机套管内,于4℃3000g离心15min,收集离心管管体中的液体即为血淋巴液;
将所述固形物捣碎之前,先向所述固形物中加入生理盐水,具体用量为1g虫体加入5mL生理盐水,并加入EDTA至终浓度为0.1mM,然后进行捣碎;
4、步骤3所得上清经过截留分子量100KDa的超滤管超滤,所得超滤液再经过截留分子量30KDa的超滤管超滤,所得截留液中含有目的抗菌蛋白;
5、步骤4所得截留液经冷冻干燥即得大麦虫天然抗菌蛋白。冷冻干燥的具体方法:将步骤4所得截留液冷冻至-70℃得到凝固物,然后置于冷冻干燥机中,在真空度5Pa条件下,干燥至含水量低于所述凝固物重量的10%,然后于20℃,真空度25Pa条件下,继续干燥至含水量低于所述凝固物重量的5%,所得冻干粉即为大麦虫天然抗菌蛋白。
步骤1和2中幼虫饲养条件为:22℃,相对湿度40%。
超滤后,即可得到抗菌蛋白。使用抑菌圈实验验证其抗菌性,验证菌为ATCC25922。
实施例3外伤凝胶药膏的制备及应用
本实施例提供一种外伤凝胶药膏,其制备方法如下:将实施例1或2制备的抗菌蛋白的冻干粉加入水中,配制成浓度0.1mg-4mg/mL,并加入1.5%卡波姆基质,即得。
实施例4溶血性试验
健康绵羊或大耳兔。采血,去除纤维蛋白后,用生理盐水反复洗涤呈无色透明为止。将所得的红细胞用氯化钠注射液配制成2%(v/v)的红细胞混悬液。实验前配置,用时摇匀。
将一定量样品(实施例1制备的天然抗菌蛋白)与2%的红细胞盐水混悬液混合,不同实验组浓度分别为1mg/ml、5mg/ml、25mg/ml、125mg/ml。加样后,各管分别轻摇混匀,立即置37℃培养箱内培养3h。培养后观察溶血情况。结果见图1。结果表明,抗菌蛋白的浓度为125mg/ml,尚未引起溶血。
实施例5抑菌试验
使用固体LB培养基,用打孔法进行抑菌实验,每个平板接种106ATCC25922大肠杆菌即可,加入待测药物(实施例2)每孔1.5mg后,37℃培养箱培养18h,观察抑菌结果。结果表明,实施例2制备的抗菌蛋白具有抗菌活性。
实施例6耐热性试验
将提取的抗菌肽(实施例1制备),置于100℃沸水中,煮沸5min,15min,30min,使用打孔法进行抗菌(大肠杆菌ATCC25922)活性验证。各孔加入20μL(含有0.56mg有效物质),37℃培养LB培养基,18h后观察结果。结果见图3,结果表明,煮沸30min,抗菌活性依然存在。
实施例7耐紫外照射试验
将提取的抗菌肽(实施例1制备),置于40W的UVC灯管15cm下,照射5min,10min,20min,40min使用打孔法进行抗菌(大肠杆菌ATCC25922)活性验证。每个孔加入20μL(含有0.56mg有效物质),37℃培养LB培养基,18h后观察结果。结果见图2,结果表明紫外线照射40min,抗菌活性依然存在。
实施例8稳定性考察试验
冻干抗菌蛋白(实施例2制备)溶解于牛奶介质中使用打孔法进行抗菌活性验证。每个孔加入20μL(含有0.56mg有效物质),37℃培养LB培养基,18h后观察结果。结果表明,抗菌蛋白在牛奶介质里抗菌活性依然存在。
实施例9毒性及安全性评价
细胞毒性试验:
1、向96孔板中加入MAC-T细胞(5000个细胞/孔),向培养孔内加入不同浓度的抗菌蛋白(实施例2制备),浓度分别为1mg/ml、2mg/ml、4mg/ml,将培养板于37℃培养12h。
2、向各孔中加入10μl CCK8溶液。
3、将培养板放入培养箱内孵育2h。
4、使用酶标仪测定450nm处的吸光度。
实验结果见图4,结果表明,抗菌蛋白的浓度为4mg/ml时,与对照无显著差异。表明抗菌蛋白对细胞无毒性。
虽然,上文中已经用一般性说明及具体实施方案对本发明作了详尽的描述,但在本发明基础上,可以对之做一些修改或改进,这对本领域技术人员而言是显而易见的。因此,在不偏离本发明精神的基础上所做的这些修改或改进,均属于本发明要求保护的范围。
Claims (7)
1.大麦虫天然抗菌蛋白的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
A、选用体长3cm以上的大麦虫幼虫,以富含水分的蔬菜水果作为食物进行自由采食,饲养至幼虫体长达4cm以上;
B、用浓度为109-1012CFU/mL的大肠杆菌和/或金黄色葡萄球菌的菌液接种步骤A所得幼虫,接种部位为幼虫背部第4~第8体节间,每头虫接种量为1-3μL,然后继续饲养12-48h;
C、采集步骤B所得幼虫的血淋巴液,然后置于100℃沸水浴中5-10min,得到固形物,捣碎固形物,于4℃1000-3000g离心5-15min,收集上清;采集过程中血淋巴必须置于冰上;
D、步骤C所得上清经过截留分子量100KDa的超滤管超滤,所得超滤液再经过截留分子量30KDa的超滤管超滤,所得截留液中含有目的抗菌蛋白;
E、步骤D所得截留液经冷冻干燥即得大麦虫天然抗菌蛋白;
其中,步骤A和B中幼虫饲养条件为:20-25℃,相对湿度30-80%;
所述大肠杆菌为ATCC 25922;所述金黄色葡萄球菌为ATCC 25923;
步骤C将所述固形物捣碎之前,先向所述固形物中加入生理盐水,具体用量为1g虫体加入2-6mL生理盐水,并加入EDTA至终浓度为0.1-0.5mM,然后进行捣碎;
步骤E所述冷冻干燥的具体方法包括:将步骤D所得截留液冷冻至-50℃~-70℃得到凝固物,然后置于冷冻干燥机中,在真空度低于611Pa条件下,干燥至含水量低于所述凝固物重量的10%,然后于10-20℃,真空度不低于2340Pa条件下,继续干燥至含水量低于所述凝固物重量的5%,所得冻干粉即为大麦虫天然抗菌蛋白。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤C中采集幼虫血淋巴液的具体方法包括:剪断幼虫附肢,收集流出的血淋巴液;或者,剪断附肢后将虫体置于离心机套管内,于4℃1000-3000g离心5-15min,收集离心管管体中的液体即为血淋巴液。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述方法制备的大麦虫天然抗菌蛋白。
4.权利要求3所述抗菌蛋白的以下任一应用:
1)用于制备抗菌剂或抗菌组合物;
2)用于制备防腐剂。
5.一种抗菌剂或抗菌组合物,其特征在于,有效成分包括权利要求3所述的抗菌蛋白。
6.根据权利要求5所述的抗菌剂或抗菌组合物,其特征在于,所述抗菌剂或抗菌组合物的抗菌谱为大肠杆菌ATCC 25922。
7.一种防腐剂,其特征在于,有效成分包括权利要求3所述的抗菌蛋白。
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