CN110257149A - 一种环保型润滑油 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及润滑油生产技术领域,具体涉及一种环保型润滑油,由以下重量份数的原料制成:植物基础合成油105‑160份、改性极压剂2‑8份、粘度指数改性剂2‑4份、抗磨剂3‑6份、防锈剂2‑4份、抗氧化剂4‑7份、消泡剂1‑3份和水120‑150份;所述植物基础合成油按以下重量份数的原料制成:蓖麻油25‑45份、菜籽油75‑95份、棕榈油10‑20份、硼酸5‑12份和三乙醇胺8‑15份。本发明的润滑油具有无污染、绿色环保、容易降解及在低温条件下性能优异的特点;另外,原材料易得且成本低廉,适用范围更广,效果稳定,具有较好的应用前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及润滑油生产技术领域,具体涉及一种环保型润滑油。
背景技术
润滑油基础油主要分为矿物基础油、合成基础油以及植物油基础油三类。矿物基础油应用广泛,用量很大(约90%以上),但有些应用场合则必须使用合成基础油和植物油基础油调配的产品,因而使这两种基础油得到迅速发展。
植物油基的润滑剂是一种环境友好型润滑油,例如豆油、菜籽油、棉籽油、玉米油等,其实最早进入市场的是德国菜籽油合成的润滑油。但菜籽油低温易凝固,酯化后低温性能不理想。鉴于此,针对上述菜籽油基的润滑剂存在的性能不足,提供一种环保型润滑油。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种环保型润滑油,该润滑油无污染、绿色环保、容易降解,在低温条件下性能优异;另外,该润滑油原材料易得且成本低廉,适用范围更广,效果稳定,具有较好的应用前景。
为了实现上述目的,本发明提供如下技术方案:
一种环保型润滑油,按以下重量份数的原料制成:植物基础合成油105-160份、改性极压剂2-8份、粘度指数改性剂2-4份、抗磨剂3-6份、防锈剂2-4份、抗氧化剂4-7份、消泡剂1-3份和水120-150份。
优选地,所述植物基础合成油按以下重量份数的原料制成:蓖麻油25-45份、菜籽油75-95份、棕榈油10-20份、硼酸5-12份和三乙醇胺8-15份。
本发明所述的植物基础合成油由蓖麻油、菜籽油、棕榈油、硼酸和三乙醇胺组成,其中蓖麻油、菜籽油、棕榈油为天然生物质油,天然生物质油能够自由降解,无污染,绿色环保。
优选地,所述极压剂为亚磷酸型极压剂,所述粘度指数改性剂为二烷基二硫代磷酸锌,所述抗磨剂为丙烯酸直链烷基酯,所述防锈剂为烷基磷酸咪唑啉盐,所述抗氧化剂由重量比为4:6的硫代二丙酸酯和β-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸酯组成,所述消泡剂由重量比为5:3的聚氧丙烯甘油醚和聚氧丙烯聚氧乙烯甘油醚组成。
本发明使用的粘度指数改性剂具有较高的粘度指数,在高压或高温条件下具有更少的热剪切,使润滑油适用范围更广,效果更佳稳定。
本发明使用的抗磨剂可降低发动机磨损、增加发动机功率,能够延长润滑油的使用寿命,节省润滑油使用量。
本发明使用的防锈剂对多种金属均具有很强的吸附力,能在金属和油的界面上形成紧密的吸附膜以隔绝水分、潮气和酸性物质的侵蚀,从而起到防锈作用。
本发明使用的抗氧化剂能够提高润滑油的氧化安定性,有效防止金属氧化、延缓润滑油的氧化速度,而且无毒无污染,绿色环保。
本发明使用的消泡剂具有优异的亲水性和伸延性,在高温条件下,加热及多次循环加热,对消泡活性无影响,使润滑油适用范围更广,效果更佳稳定。
优选地,所述极压剂为经过如下步骤处理的改性极压剂:
S1:将无水乙醇:极压剂:耐低温环氧树脂以15:3:1的比例加入搅拌机中分散,得到均匀的混合液,对混合液使用喷雾干燥仪进行干燥制粒,制得平均粒径小于20微米的耐低温微晶极压剂;
S2:按照常规的圆盘造粒方法,通过粘结剂的作用,将费托蜡粘结到耐低温微晶极压剂颗粒表面,制得平均粒径为40微米的改性极压剂;所述粘结剂为氰基丙烯酸酯粘结剂。
本发明所述的极压剂使用特定比例的耐低温环氧树脂对极压剂进行改性,由于耐低温环氧树脂在低温条件下性能稳定,与极压剂复合,得到耐低温微晶极压剂,该耐低温微晶极压剂能够使润滑油在金属机械表面产生油性的极性效应,可以提高在较低温度下的压力吸收,从而改善润滑,减少启动摩擦力;同时,按照常规的圆盘造粒方法,通过粘结剂的作用,将费托蜡粘结到耐低温微晶极压剂颗粒表面,可以对耐低温微晶极压剂颗粒起到较好的包裹作用形成特定粒径的具有缓释作用的极压剂,不仅可以保证前期具有极压性能,还可以在后期缓慢释放极压剂,使用费托蜡可以保证其包裹效果更佳,保证极压剂后期也具有一定的极压性能,使润滑油后期在低温条件下也具有优异的低温性能。
优选地,所述环保型润滑油的制备方法为:
S1:将相应重量份数的蓖麻油、菜籽油和棕榈油加入搅拌机中分散,控制转速1800-2400r/min,加热至70-75℃,加入三乙醇胺,继续搅拌30-40min,加入硼酸,并持续搅拌30-45min,得到植物基础合成油;
S2:将上述得到的植物基础合成油降温至50-55℃后加入相应重量份数的抗磨剂、防锈剂、抗氧化剂、消泡剂和水,控制转速2700-3500r/min,搅拌10-15分钟,最后加入相应重量份数的改性极压剂和粘度指数改性剂,控制转速1200-1500r/min,搅拌15-20分钟,即得到环保型润滑油。
本发明的有益效果是:
(1)本发明的一种环保型润滑油由可生物降解的基础油及多种助剂配置而成,可以在短时间内生物降解,无污染,绿色环保;
(2)本发明通过使用特定比例的耐低温环氧树脂对极压剂进行改性,得到的耐低温微晶极压剂能够使润滑油在金属机械表面产生油性的极性效应,可以提高在较低温度下的压力吸收,从而改善润滑,减少启动摩擦力,同时,按照常规的圆盘造粒方法,通过粘结剂的作用,将费托蜡粘结到耐低温微晶极压剂颗粒表面,可以对耐低温微晶极压剂颗粒起到较好的包裹作用形成特定粒径的具有缓释作用的极压剂,不仅可以保证前期具有极压性能,还可以在后期缓慢释放极压剂,使用费托蜡可以保证其包裹效果更佳,保证极压剂后期也具有一定的极压性能,使润滑油后期在低温条件下也具有优异的低温性能;
(3)本发明的一种环保型润滑油通过使用粘度指数改性剂和特定比例的消泡剂使润滑油在高温或高压条件下性能优异,使其适用范围更广,效果稳定,具有较好的应用前景;
(4)本发明的一种环保型润滑油原材料易得,成本低廉,具有很高的使用价值和良好的应用前景。
具体实施方式
下面将对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅是本发明的一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
下列实施案例中若无特殊说明,所用技术手段为本领域技术人员熟知的常规手段。
实施例1
本实施例中,所述环保型润滑油由以下重量份的组分组成:植物基础合成油160份、改性极压剂8份、粘度指数改性剂4份、抗磨剂6份、防锈剂4份、抗氧化剂7份、消泡剂3份和水130份。
其中,所述植物基础合成油按以下重量份数的原料制成:蓖麻油45份、菜籽油95份、棕榈油20份、硼酸12份和三乙醇胺10份。
所述极压剂为经过如下步骤处理的改性极压剂:
S1:将无水乙醇:极压剂:耐低温环氧树脂以15:3:1的比例加入搅拌机中分散,得到均匀的混合液,对混合液使用喷雾干燥仪进行干燥制粒,制得平均粒径小于20微米的耐低温微晶极压剂;
S2:按照常规的圆盘造粒方法,通过粘结剂的作用,将费托蜡粘结到耐低温微晶极压剂颗粒表面,制得平均粒径为40微米的改性极压剂;所述粘结剂为氰基丙烯酸酯粘结剂。
所述环保型润滑油的制备方法为:
S1:将相应重量份数的蓖麻油、菜籽油和棕榈油加入搅拌机中分散,控制转速1800-2400r/min,加热至70-75℃,加入三乙醇胺,继续搅拌30-40min,加入硼酸,并持续搅拌30-45min,得到植物基础合成油;
S2:将上述得到的植物基础合成油降温至50-55℃后加入相应重量份数的抗磨剂、防锈剂、抗氧化剂、消泡剂和水,控制转速2700-3500r/min,搅拌10-15分钟,最后加入相应重量份数的改性极压剂和粘度指数改性剂,控制转速1200-1500r/min,搅拌15-20分钟,即得到环保型润滑油。
实施例2
本实施例中改性极压剂及环保型润滑油的制备方法同实施例1,在此不再赘述。
本实施例中,所述环保型润滑油由以下重量份的组分组成:植物基础合成油150份、改性极压剂8份、粘度指数改性剂4份、抗磨剂6份、防锈剂4份、抗氧化剂7份、消泡剂3份和水140份。
其中,所述植物基础合成油按以下重量份数的原料制成:蓖麻油40份、菜籽油90份、棕榈油20份、硼酸12份和三乙醇胺10份。
实施例3
本实施例中改性极压剂及环保型润滑油的制备方法同实施例1,在此不再赘述。
本实施例中,所述环保型润滑油由以下重量份的组分组成:植物基础合成油160份、改性极压剂5份、粘度指数改性剂4份、抗磨剂6份、防锈剂4份、抗氧化剂7份、消泡剂3份和水133份。
其中,所述植物基础合成油按以下重量份数的原料制成:蓖麻油45份、菜籽油95份、棕榈油20份、硼酸12份和三乙醇胺10份。
实施例4
本实施例中改性极压剂及环保型润滑油的制备方法同实施例1,在此不再赘述。
本实施例中,所述环保型润滑油由以下重量份的组分组成:植物基础合成油160份、改性极压剂8份、粘度指数改性剂3份、抗磨剂6份、防锈剂4份、抗氧化剂7份、消泡剂3份和水131份。
其中,所述植物基础合成油按以下重量份数的原料制成:蓖麻油45份、菜籽油95份、棕榈油20份、硼酸12份和三乙醇胺10份。
对比例1
本对比例中环保型润滑油的组分组成和制备方法同实施例1,在此不再赘述,不同之处在于,本对比例中不掺入极压剂。
对比例2
本对比例中环保型润滑油的组分组成和制备方法同实施例1,在此不再赘述,不同之处在于,本对比例中极压剂直接使用市售的亚磷酸型极压剂,不采用本发明中的改进方法进行处理。
对比例3
本对比例中环保型润滑油的组分组成和制备方法同实施例1,在此不再赘述。
本对比例的改性极压剂经过如下步骤进行处理:
S1:将无水乙醇:极压剂:耐低温环氧树脂以15:3:1的比例加入搅拌机中分散,得到均匀的混合液,对混合液使用喷雾干燥仪进行干燥制粒,制得平均粒径小于20微米的耐低温微晶极压剂;
S2:按照常规的圆盘造粒方法,通过粘结剂的作用,将费托蜡粘结到耐低温微晶极压剂颗粒表面,制得平均粒径为20微米的改性极压剂;所述粘结剂为氰基丙烯酸酯粘结剂。
对比例4
本对比例中环保型润滑油的组分组成和制备方法同实施例1,在此不再赘述。
本对比例的改性极压剂经过如下步骤进行处理:
S1:将无水乙醇:极压剂:耐低温环氧树脂以15:3:1的比例加入搅拌机中分散,得到均匀的混合液,对混合液使用喷雾干燥仪进行干燥制粒,制得平均粒径小于20微米的耐低温微晶极压剂;
S2:按照常规的圆盘造粒方法,通过粘结剂的作用,将费托蜡粘结到耐低温微晶极压剂颗粒表面,制得平均粒径为60微米的改性极压剂;所述粘结剂为氰基丙烯酸酯粘结剂。
本发明中实施例1-4与对比例1-4的对比结果如下:
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所有的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (4)
1.一种环保型润滑油,其特征在于,按以下重量份数的原料制成:植物基础合成油105-160份、改性极压剂2-8份、粘度指数改性剂2-4份、抗磨剂3-6份、防锈剂2-4份、抗氧化剂4-7份、消泡剂1-3份和水120-150份;
所述植物基础合成油按以下重量份数的原料制成:蓖麻油25-45份、菜籽油75-95份、棕榈油10-20份、硼酸5-12份和三乙醇胺8-15份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种环保型润滑油,其特征在于,所述极压剂为亚磷酸型极压剂,所述粘度指数改性剂为二烷基二硫代磷酸锌,所述抗磨剂为丙烯酸直链烷基酯,所述防锈剂为烷基磷酸咪唑啉盐,所述抗氧化剂由重量比为4:6的硫代二丙酸酯和β-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸酯组成,所述消泡剂由重量比为5:3的聚氧丙烯甘油醚和聚氧丙烯聚氧乙烯甘油醚组成。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种环保型润滑油,其特征在于,所述极压剂为经过如下步骤处理的改性极压剂:
S1:将无水乙醇:极压剂:耐低温环氧树脂以15:3:1的比例加入搅拌机中分散,得到均匀的混合液,对混合液使用喷雾干燥仪进行干燥制粒,制得平均粒径小于20微米的耐低温微晶极压剂;
S2:按照常规的圆盘造粒方法,通过粘结剂的作用,将费托蜡粘结到耐低温微晶极压剂颗粒表面,制得平均粒径为40微米的改性极压剂;所述粘结剂为氰基丙烯酸酯粘结剂。
4.一种制备如权利要求1-3任一项所述的环保型润滑油的方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
S1:将相应重量份数的蓖麻油、菜籽油和棕榈油加入搅拌机中分散,控制转速1800-2400r/min,加热至70-75℃,加入三乙醇胺,继续搅拌30-40min,加入硼酸,并持续搅拌30-45min,得到植物基础合成油;
S2:将上述得到的植物基础合成油降温至50-55℃后加入相应重量份数的抗磨剂、防锈剂、抗氧化剂、消泡剂和水,控制转速2700-3500r/min,搅拌10-15分钟,最后加入相应重量份数的改性极压剂和粘度指数改性剂,控制转速1200-1500r/min,搅拌15-20分钟,即得到环保型润滑油。
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