CN110249849B

CN110249849B - Liquid manure cyclic utilization device system

Info

Publication number: CN110249849B
Application number: CN201910697331.8A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 张立成; 李娟�; 章明清
Original assignee: Institute of Soil and Fertilizer Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Current assignee: Institute of Soil and Fertilizer Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Priority date: 2019-07-30
Filing date: 2019-07-30
Publication date: 2021-11-23
Anticipated expiration: 2039-07-30
Also published as: CN110249849A

Abstract

A water and fertilizer recycling device system comprises a crop planting box, a leakage liquid collecting box, a permeable mesh, a ventilating plate, a water and fertilizer recovery pipe, a water and fertilizer storage box, a water delivery hose, a water delivery hard pipe, a first water pump and a water pump controller; the box bottom plate of crop planting case is provided with the hole of permeating water, and the screen cloth that permeates water has been laid to the box bottom plate top of crop planting case, is connected through the ventilating board of perisporium between the weeping collecting box of below and the crop planting case of top, weeping collecting box below links to each other with the liquid manure bin through water manure recovery tube, is equipped with water inlet and fertilizer on the liquid manure bin and throws into the mouth, still is equipped with agitated vessel in the liquid manure bin, and the liquid in the liquid manure bin passes through the first water pump on the water hose, spouts liquid to the crop along the water hose through the hole for water spraying on the water hose. The invention not only improves the utilization rate of the water and fertilizer, but also improves the condition of insufficient oxygen content of the root system layer of the crops, thereby saving the cost and improving the economic benefit.

Description

Liquid manure cyclic utilization device system

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of facility agriculture, and particularly relates to a water and fertilizer recycling device system.

Background

With the rapid development of agricultural technology in China, the scale of facility agriculture is continuously enlarged, and in recent years, the facility agriculture is gradually popularized and applied to rural areas. The facility agriculture is less influenced by regional climatic environment, and the growth environment of crops can be regulated and controlled to a greater extent through the facility device. The facility agriculture has a certain relieving effect on the shortage of agricultural product supply caused by the reduction of cultivated land resources in China. In facility agriculture, less soil is generally adopted for cultivation, soil fertility preservation and water retention are weak, and the utilization rate of water and fertilizer resources is not high. In the process of irrigating and fertilizing crops in facility agriculture, the amount of water and fertilizer absorbed by the crops is less, and most of the water and fertilizer can be lost along with soil seepage. In addition, the gas content of the root system layer of the crops in the facility agriculture is less, and a certain inhibiting effect on the respiration of the roots is generated.

Patent document CN201721333807 discloses a water and fertilizer circulation irrigation system for greenhouse agricultural cultivation. The water and fertilizer circulating irrigation system comprises a control center, a seedbed, a recovery liquid storage pool, an irrigation pipeline and a water and fertilizer storage pool, wherein the recovery liquid storage pool is positioned below the seedbed. The irrigation device above the seedbed is connected with the water and fertilizer storage pool through a first pipeline, the bottom of the recycling liquid storage pool is communicated with the water and fertilizer storage pool through a third pipeline, a soil humidity sensor and a soil temperature sensor are inserted into the seedbed, the first pipeline is connected with a control valve, a heater and a temperature sensing bulb, and the second pipeline is connected with a control valve. The control center adjusts the flow of the water and fertilizer injected into the seedbed under the control of the control valve through the soil temperature and humidity signals fed back by the sensors, and controls the heater to adjust the temperature of the water and fertilizer. Through the accurate control of system, can realize irrigating as required according to different seedbed crop demands, accurate irrigation effectively improves the liquid manure utilization ratio. However, the patent still does not solve the problem of insufficient oxygen content in the root system layer of the crops.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a water and fertilizer recycling device system to solve the problems that the water and fertilizer resource utilization rate is not high and the oxygen content of a root system layer of crops is insufficient in the current facility agriculture in the background technology.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides a water and fertilizer recycling device system which comprises a crop planting box, a leakage liquid collecting box, a permeable mesh, a ventilating plate, a water and fertilizer recovery pipe, a water and fertilizer storage box, a water delivery hose, a water delivery hard pipe, a first water pump and a water pump controller; the crop planting box comprises a crop planting box body, a water inlet, a fertilizer inlet, a water delivery hose, a water outlet hose, a water inlet hose, a water outlet hose, a water delivery hard pipe and a water spraying hole, wherein the water outlet hole is formed in a box body bottom plate of the crop planting box body; the water-permeable screen cloth comprises a water-permeable membrane which can block fine soil particles from penetrating but can enable water and gas to penetrate; the ventilation board encloses the leakage liquid collecting box and the crop planting box into a frame shape, and the ventilation board is in a shutter shape.

Further, the hole diameter in the hole of permeating water of crop planting case box bottom plate is 2 ~ 50mm, and the hole centre-to-centre spacing in the hole of permeating water is 5 ~ 200 mm.

Furthermore, the hole diameter of the water spraying holes is 2-10 mm, and the hole center distance of the water spraying holes is 5-500 mm.

Further, the power of the first water pump is 500-2000W, and the stirring equipment comprises a stirring impeller and a stirring motor.

Further, the water pump controller can be manually set and is used for automatically controlling the starting and stopping time of the first water pump.

Furthermore, the heights of the leakage liquid collecting box and the water and fertilizer storage box and the heights of the two ends of the water and fertilizer recovery pipe are set so that the liquid in the leakage liquid collecting box can flow into the water and fertilizer storage box along the water and fertilizer recovery pipe without external force.

Further, a second water pump is further arranged on the water and fertilizer recovery pipe.

Furthermore, the crop planting box is a rectangular box body with an open upper part, and the leakage liquid collecting box is a semi-cylindrical box body with an open upper part.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:

according to the water and fertilizer recycling device system, the soil leakage liquid is collected by the box body for planting crops, the soil leakage liquid is guided to the water and fertilizer box through the water conveying pipe, the leakage liquid and water are mixed and then conveyed to the crops again through the water pump, the water and fertilizer recycling is achieved, and the water and fertilizer resources lost due to leakage are collected and recycled, so that the water and fertilizer utilization rate can be effectively improved.

The water and fertilizer utilization efficiency is improved, on one hand, the cost investment can be reduced, the economic benefit is improved, and on the other hand, the influence of the outward discharge of water and fertilizer resources which are not absorbed by crops in facility agriculture on the environment can be reduced.

Compared with the prior art, the invention reduces the fertilizer application amount of facility agriculture and improves the utilization efficiency of the fertilizer to a greater extent by recycling the fertilizer. The irrigation water consumption of facility agriculture is reduced, and the utilization efficiency of the irrigation water is improved to a great extent through the cyclic utilization of the water. The invention has reasonable design, simple operation and easy maintenance and can realize automatic control. According to the water and fertilizer demand characteristics of crops, a water pump start-stop control program is formulated, so that the optimal water and fertilizer environmental conditions are provided for the growth of the crops, and the growth of the crops is facilitated, so that the crops can obtain better yield.

According to the invention, the ventilating plate is arranged between the leakage liquid collecting box and the crop planting box, so that air below the soil layer can circulate, and the air below the soil layer and the air in the soil layer can be exchanged due to the existence of the water-permeable mesh cloth, so that the air input of the soil is enhanced, oxygen is provided for the root system of the crop, and the root respiration is facilitated.

In addition to the objects, features and advantages described above, other objects, features and advantages of the present invention are also provided. The present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the drawings.

Drawings

The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of one embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a first water pump and a water pump controller according to an embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the structure of a ventilation board according to an embodiment of the present invention;

wherein, 1, a crop planting box; 2. a leakage liquid collecting box; 3. water-permeable mesh cloth; 4. a ventilation board; 5. a water and fertilizer recovery pipe; 6. a water and fertilizer storage tank; 7. a water delivery hose; 8. a water delivery hard pipe; 9. a water inlet; 10. a fertilizer input port; 11. a stirring device; 12. a water spray hole; 13. a first water pump; 14. a water pump controller.

Detailed Description

Embodiments of the invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings, but the invention can be implemented in many different ways, which are defined and covered by the claims.

Referring to fig. 1, the water and fertilizer recycling device system of the present invention comprises a crop planting box 1, a leakage liquid collecting box 2, a permeable mesh 3, a ventilating plate 4, a water and fertilizer recycling pipe 5, a water and fertilizer storage box 6, a water delivery hose 7, a water delivery hard pipe 8, a first water pump 13 and a water pump controller 14; the crop planting box comprises a crop planting box 1, a permeable hole is arranged on a box bottom plate of the crop planting box 1, a permeable mesh cloth 3 is laid on the box bottom plate of the crop planting box 1, a leakage liquid collecting box 2 is arranged below the crop planting box 1, the leakage liquid collecting box 2 is connected with the crop planting box 1 through a ventilation plate 4 arranged on the peripheral wall of the box, a liquid manure recovery pipe 5 is connected below the leakage liquid collecting box 2, the other end of the liquid manure recovery pipe 5 is communicated with a liquid manure storage box 6, a water inlet 9 and a fertilizer feeding port 10 are arranged on the liquid manure storage box 6, a stirring device 11 is further arranged in the liquid manure storage box 6, the bottom of the liquid manure storage box 6 is connected with one end of a water delivery hose 7, a first water pump 13 is arranged on the water delivery hose 7, a water pump controller 14 is connected on the first water pump 13, the other end of the water delivery hose 7 is connected with a water delivery hard pipe 8, and the water delivery hard pipe 8 is arranged above the crop planting box 1, the water delivery hard pipe 8 is provided with a water spraying hole 12.

The water permeable mesh 3 comprises a water permeable membrane capable of blocking the penetration of fine soil particles, but capable of allowing the penetration of water and gas. The fine soil particles refer to soil particles with the soil particle diameter of 1mm, namely the water-permeable screen cloth 3 comprises a water-permeable membrane which can block the soil particles with the particle diameter of more than 1mm and can enable water and gas to penetrate through. The water permeable membrane is composed of 3-5 layers of polyester fiber cloth.

The ventilation plate 4 encloses the leakage liquid collecting box 2 and the crop planting box 1 into a frame shape, the ventilation plate 4 is in a shutter shape, and the direction of a window lattice of the shutter from outside to inside is obliquely upward. The frame-shaped enclosure enhances the stability of the whole device structure and improves the durability of the device. The direction of the window bars of the louver from outside to inside is inclined upwards, so that the passing air flow flows through the lower part of the crop planting box as far as possible, and better conditions are provided for air exchange at the position of the permeable mesh cloth. The shutter-shaped ventilation plate can adjust the ventilation amount, can be closed when the oxygen content of the rhizosphere does not need to be increased in the growing period of the animal, and does not carry out ventilation treatment; by adjusting the oxygen supply of the rhizosphere, the growth of the root system can be promoted, and the crop yield can be improved.

Further, the hole diameter in the hole of permeating water of 1 box bottom plate of crop planting case is 2 ~ 50mm, and the hole centre-to-centre spacing in the hole of permeating water is 5 ~ 200 mm.

Furthermore, the hole diameter of the water spray holes 12 is 2-10 mm, and the hole center distance of the water spray holes 12 is 5-500 mm.

Further, the power of the first water pump 13 is 500W-2000W, and the stirring device 11 comprises a stirring impeller and a stirring motor. The stirring equipment is mainly used for fully and uniformly mixing the fertilizer and the water.

Further, the water pump controller 14 can automatically control the start-stop time of the first water pump 13 through manual setting.

Further, the liquid level of the liquid fertilizer storage box 6 is lower than that of the leakage liquid collecting box 2, and the liquid in the leakage liquid collecting box 2 can flow into the liquid fertilizer storage box 6 along the liquid fertilizer recycling pipe 5 without external force.

Further, a second water pump is further arranged on the water and fertilizer recovery pipe 5. Limited by specific planting environment, if the collected leakage liquid can not enter the water and fertilizer storage tank 6 along the water and fertilizer recovery pipe 5 by utilizing gravity, the second water pump is started to enable the leakage liquid to enter the water and fertilizer storage tank 6.

Furthermore, the crop planting box 1 is a rectangular box body with an opening at the upper part, and the rectangular box body is convenient; the leakage liquid collecting box 2 is a semi-cylindrical box body with an upper opening, and the semi-cylindrical box body is beneficial to leakage liquid to enter the water and fertilizer storage box 6 along the water and fertilizer recovery pipe 5.

In the embodiment, lettuce crops are selected for testing, and a conventional facility agriculture device is applied to the lettuce crops, wherein the lettuce crops have the length of 10m, the width of 0.5m and the planting area of 5m²The lettuce field is applied with 0.1kg of nitrogen fertilizer, 0.04kg of phosphate fertilizer and 0.06kg of potassium fertilizer according to the conventional fertilizing amount. Tests are carried out for many times, the water irrigation amount required for one-time soil irrigation is 40-50 kg, 3-5 kg of leakage liquid can be collected within 24 hours after the irrigation is finished, and the leakage liquid is taken back to a laboratory to measure the nitrogen content of 5.64g/kg, the phosphorus content of 1.92g/kg and the potassium content of 2.49 g/kg. The test result shows that: application of the inventive device to 5m²The leakage loss of 15g of nitrogen, 6g of phosphorus and 8g of potassium can be reduced by watering the lettuce land every time, and the lettuce land has good water and fertilizer recycling effect and good popularization and application value in facility agriculture.

The foregoing is a more detailed description of the invention in connection with specific preferred embodiments and it is not intended that the invention be limited to these specific details. For those skilled in the art to which the invention pertains, several simple deductions and substitutions can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, and all shall be considered as belonging to the protection scope of the invention.

Claims

1. A water and fertilizer recycling device system is characterized by comprising a crop planting box (1), a leakage liquid collecting box (2), a permeable mesh (3), a ventilating plate (4), a water and fertilizer recycling pipe (5), a water and fertilizer storage box (6), a water delivery hose (7), a water delivery hard pipe (8), a first water pump (13) and a water pump controller (14); the fertilizer applying machine is characterized in that a water permeable hole is formed in a box bottom plate of the crop planting box (1), a water permeable mesh cloth (3) is laid above the box bottom plate of the crop planting box (1), the leakage liquid collecting box (2) is arranged below the crop planting box (1), the leakage liquid collecting box (2) is connected with the crop planting box (1) through a ventilating plate (4) arranged on the peripheral wall, a water and fertilizer recovery pipe (5) is connected below the leakage liquid collecting box (2), the other end of the water and fertilizer recovery pipe (5) is communicated with a water and fertilizer storage box (6), a water inlet (9) and a fertilizer feeding port (10) are formed in the water and fertilizer storage box (6), stirring equipment (11) is further arranged in the water and fertilizer storage box (6), the bottom of the water and fertilizer storage box (6) is connected with one end of a water delivery hose (7), a first water pump (13) is arranged on the water delivery hose (7), and a water pump controller (14) is connected onto the first water pump (13), the other end of the water delivery hose (7) is connected with a water delivery hard pipe (8), the water delivery hard pipe (8) is arranged above the crop planting box (1), and a water spraying hole (12) is arranged on the water delivery hard pipe (8); the water-permeable net cloth (3) comprises a water-permeable membrane which can block fine soil particles from penetrating but can enable water and gas to penetrate; the ventilation plate (4) encloses the leakage liquid collecting box (2) and the crop planting box (1) into a frame shape, the ventilation plate (4) is in a shutter shape, and a second water pump is further arranged on the water and fertilizer recovery pipe (5); the diameter of the water spray holes (12) is 2-10 mm, and the hole center distance of the water spray holes (12) is 5-500 mm; the power of the first water pump (13) is 500-2000W.

2. The water and fertilizer recycling device system according to claim 1, wherein the diameter of the water permeable holes on the bottom plate of the crop planting box (1) is 2-50 mm, and the center distance of the water permeable holes is 5-200 mm.

3. The water and fertilizer recycling device system of claim 1, wherein the stirring apparatus (11) comprises a stirring impeller and a stirring motor.

4. The water and fertilizer recycling device system of claim 1, wherein the water pump controller (14) can be manually set for automatically controlling the start-stop time of the first water pump (13).

5. The water and fertilizer recycling device system of claim 1, wherein the heights of the leaked liquid collecting tank (2) and the water and fertilizer storage tank (6) and the heights of the two ends of the water and fertilizer recovery pipe (5) are set so that the liquid in the leaked liquid collecting tank (2) can flow into the water and fertilizer storage tank (6) along the water and fertilizer recovery pipe (5) without external force.

6. The water and fertilizer recycling device system according to claim 1, wherein the crop planting box (1) is a rectangular upper open box body, and the leaked liquid collecting box (2) is a semi-cylindrical upper open box body.